外研版选择性必修3 Unit2语篇分析+阅读单（教师版）
外研版选择性必修3 Unit 2 Understanding ideas语篇分析
分析维度 内容项
What：语篇的主题、内容、结构、逻辑关系 一、文章基本信息 文章标题：Life Behind the Lens 作者：未提及 文章类型：记叙文 主题/中心思想：文章聚焦美国著名摄影师比尔 坎宁安，全方位呈现他看似平凡却无比伟大的一生。着重强调他对摄影矢志不渝的热爱、无私奉献的精神、别具一格的摄影理念、简约质朴的生活方式以及刚正不阿的高尚人格。深刻指出他不仅是时尚摄影领域的佼佼者，更是以独特视角记录城市及民众生活长达半个世纪的 “文化人类学家”。
二、文本结构与内容分析 整体结构： 文章精巧地划分为六个部分。开篇借助对坎宁安日常外在形象的细致描绘，巧妙引出主人公；紧接着迅速点明他作为美国近五十年来重要摄影师的关键身份；随后从摄影设备与对象选择、对摄影事业全身心的投入、个人生活方式、职业操守秉持等多个维度深入阐释其独特之处；结尾部分则水到渠成地总结他对摄影的热爱直至生命尽头，以及他为摄影界和城市文化记录所做出的卓越贡献。 段落分布： 引言部分（前两段）先描绘坎宁安平凡普通的外在装扮，如总是穿着蓝色工装夹克、黑色跑鞋，骑着普通自行车，与纽约上流社会对他的热烈追捧形成鲜明反差，极大地激发读者的好奇心，成功引出人物。主体部分（第三至七段）从多方面深度剖析坎宁安，涵盖其独特的摄影理念，像坚持使用简单设备在街头捕捉普通人身影；对摄影工作的全身心奉献，无论何种恶劣天气都坚守街头拍摄；朴素至极的生活方式，居住在狭小且共用浴室的公寓，常去简单餐馆吃固定食物；高尚纯粹的职业操守，坚决拒绝因职业带来的各种利益诱惑等。结论部分（最后一段）高度总结他一生对摄影的炽热执着以及所取得的巨大成就，精准点明他作为观察者、劳动者，而非被观察者、明星的独特身份与追求。 逻辑关系： 各部分层层递进，由浅入深。从最初对人物表面形象的介绍，逐步深入到挖掘其内在的摄影理念、个人品质，有条不紊地塑造出一个丰满立体的人物形象，最后进行全面升华总结，使文章主旨得以深刻呈现。 衔接与连贯： 文中熟练运用连接词，如 “Moreover” 清晰表明递进关系，顺畅推动内容发展；多次重复 “what made Cunningham so great” 等关键表述，强化文章逻辑连贯性。在指代方面，“he”“his” 等代词明确无误地指向比尔 坎宁安，有力保障文本的流畅自然。 段落功能： 第一段精心设置悬念，牢牢抓住读者注意力；第二段快速点明人物关键身份；第三段详细阐述坎宁安独树一帜的摄影理念，为解释他伟大的缘由奠定基础；第四段着重突出他对摄影事业的无私奉献精神；第五段生动描绘他简单质朴的生活方式；第六段充分展现他高尚正直的职业操守；第七段全面总结他一生对摄影的热爱以及做出的不可磨灭的贡献，有力升华主题。
Why：语篇的深层涵义、情感态度、作者意图 三、写作意图与文化背景分析 文化背景： 文章深深植根于美国纽约独特的社会背景，生动展现出纽约富裕繁华的上流社会与贫穷落后的布朗克斯区截然不同的生活场景。作者所处的文化环境深刻影响了对坎宁安这种别具一格的摄影风格与理念的理解和呈现，着重强调时尚不应被上流社会垄断，普通民众的日常生活同样洋溢着时尚气息与美好瞬间。 背景知识的运用： 读者若想透彻理解坎宁安摄影的独特魅力以及他在行业中的重要地位，需要对纽约复杂的社会结构，比如曼哈顿的极度富裕和布朗克斯的相对贫穷，以及时尚摄影行业的基本情况有一定程度的了解。 写作意图： 作者旨在向读者全方位介绍比尔 坎宁安这位伟大的摄影师。通过娓娓道来他的人生经历与辉煌的摄影成就，深情传达他对摄影的满腔热爱、无私奉献精神以及独树一帜的时尚理念，进而引发读者对真正艺术内涵以及生活本质的深入思考。
四、情感态度与价值取向分析 情感态度： 作者字里行间对比尔 坎宁安充满了深深的敬佩与赞赏之情。通过对他工作时的专注投入、生活中的简约质朴以及面对名利诱惑时的坚定拒绝等多方面的细腻描述，清晰表达了对他高尚人格和卓越成就的高度认可。 价值取向： 文章鲜明传达出尊重劳动、追求真实、崇尚自由以及淡泊名利的价值观。着重强调艺术应深深扎根于生活，是属于广大民众的，而绝非仅仅为少数特权阶层服务。
五、论点与文章有效性分析 论点清晰度与证据支持： 作者论点清晰明确，即坚定认为比尔 坎宁安是一位伟大的摄影师，他的伟大具体体现在独特的摄影理念、对摄影的全身心奉献、简单纯粹的生活方式以及高尚正直的职业操守等多个重要方面。文中列举大量具体鲜活的事例，如他始终使用简单廉价设备坚持在街头拍摄普通民众、无论风雨都坚持不懈地工作、坚决果断地拒绝各种名利诱惑等，为论点提供了坚实有力的证据支撑。 文章有效性与局限性： 文章在生动展现坎宁安的人物形象和卓越成就方面极具说服力。通过从多个角度的详细描述，使读者能够全面深入地认识和了解他。然而，其局限性在于对坎宁安的摄影作品展示相对匮乏。这可能导致读者难以直观感受他作品的独特魅力和艺术价值，一定程度上影响对他摄影成就的完整理解。例如，文中若能增添一些对其代表作品风格、拍摄手法及所传达情感的分析，将更有助于读者把握他在摄影领域的卓越贡献。 文章与现实的联系： 文章所传达的观点在当今社会具有极强的现实意义。坎宁安不追逐名利、一心专注于热爱事业的精神，极易引发读者的强烈共鸣，促使人们在物欲横流的社会环境中，深刻反思如何坚守内心的热爱与追求，不被外界的名利所左右。
六、逻辑关系与推理分析 显性逻辑关系： 文章存在显著的因果关系，例如，正是因为坎宁安对摄影怀有炽热的热爱和无私奉献的精神，他才能够持之以恒地拍摄出大量独具特色的照片，最终成为备受赞誉的伟大摄影师。同时，文中还运用了对比关系，如将坎宁安简单朴素的生活方式与他作为著名摄影师的显赫身份进行对比，有力突出他超凡脱俗的人格品质。 隐性推理与假设： 文章巧妙暗示在当今社会，像坎宁安这样淡泊名利、全身心专注于事业的人极为难得，从而引导读者对社会主流价值观进行深刻反思。假设坎宁安当初接受了名利的诱惑，那么他很可能会因分心而无法始终保持独特的摄影风格，也难以全身心投入创作，进而无法取得如今如此辉煌的成就。此外，从另一个角度看，若社会环境更加鼓励像坎宁安这样专注于艺术本身的创作态度，或许会涌现出更多纯粹且优秀的艺术作品，推动艺术领域的蓬勃发展。文章隐含了一种假设，即真正的成功源于对工作的热爱和专注，而非物质利益。
How：语篇的文体特征、语言特点、修辞手法、结构分析 七、语言与文体特征分析 语言特点： 文章语言风格平实自然、简洁明了，运用了诸多精准的描述性词汇，如 “ordinary - looking” 形象勾勒出坎宁安平凡的外貌，“uncomplicated” 准确体现他简单的生活方式。同时，巧妙运用一些带有明显感彩的词汇，像 “remarkable” 表达出对他的赞叹，“devotion” 深刻体现他对摄影的热爱，生动传达作者情感。 句式与句型分析： 文章灵活运用多种句式，既有简洁明快的简单句，如 “He lived in a small apartment with a shared washroom.”，清晰陈述事实；也有逻辑严谨的复合句，如 “Although he was a world - famous fashion photographer, Cunningham’s approach to life was uncomplicated.”，通过让步关系突出人物特点，句式丰富多变，极大增强了文章的表达效果。 文体特征： 文章文体属于较为正式的叙述文，以客观冷静的叙述为主线，同时恰到好处地融入作者主观的评价与情感，既具有学术性的严谨，又具备较强的可读性。 修辞手法： 文章成功运用对比的修辞手法，将坎宁安平凡的外在形象与他在摄影界的崇高地位相对比，将他对待名利的淡然态度与常人的趋之若鹜相对比，鲜明突出他的独特个性与高尚品质。 语气与态度： 作者语气总体客观中立，在如实叙述过程中，自然流露出对坎宁安的由衷赞赏与敬佩之情，实现了客观描述与主观情感的巧妙融合。
八、写作手法分析 写作技巧与表达方式： 文章巧妙运用先抑后扬的写作手法，开篇先着力描绘坎宁安平凡无奇的外在形象，让读者产生先入为主的印象，随后逐步深入展现他在摄影领域的非凡才华与伟大成就，给读者带来强烈的反差和深刻的印象。同时，大量运用细节描写，例如 “always wearing the same blue worker’s jacket and simple black running shoes” 细致刻画他的穿着，“A simple restaurant was where he usually had the same meal of sausages, eggs and coffee.” 生动描绘他的饮食，使人物形象跃然纸上，更加丰满立体。语言简洁却极具表现力，能够精准有力地传达作者意图。
九、个人理解与批判性思维 个人理解与反思： 作者对坎宁安的精彩描述令人深受触动，他对摄影的执着热爱以及不为名利所动的高尚品质令人肃然起敬，值得每个人学习借鉴。阅读此文，极有可能改变读者对时尚摄影师的传统刻板印象，深刻认识到真正的艺术源自生活、服务大众，艺术的价值在于对生活真实美好的捕捉与呈现。 批判性思维与反思： 文章整体较为客观公正，未明显呈现出潜在偏见或误导。然而，在对待作者的论证时，仍可进一步深入思考。比如，坎宁安的成功或许不仅仅依赖于文中所提及的因素，可能还受到当时社会文化思潮、摄影行业发展趋势等多种外部因素的影响。此外，在当今社会，如何构建更有利的环境来传承和弘扬他专注艺术、淡泊名利的精神理念，也是值得深入探讨的重要课题。例如，学校教育可加强对学生艺术追求纯粹性的引导，艺术机构可设立相关奖项鼓励专注艺术创作的行为等。
课文语言表达梳理 一、情感描述相关表达 Cunningham was passionate about photography. 用法：描述性格和当前情感状态 替换表达：Cunningham was deeply committed to his craft. He valued his integrity and would not be bought by anyone. 用法：表达期望或目标 替换表达：He remained true to his principles. Cunningham found inspiration in simple, everyday scenes. 用法：表达内心疑问或担忧 替换表达：He drew inspiration from ordinary life. He hardly ever took a day off and not once stayed home sick. 用法：否定情感状态 替换表达：He was always dedicated to his work. Cunningham felt much more confident than he felt this morning. 用法：对比情感变化 替换表达：He grew more confident over time.
二、行为描写相关表达 Cunningham would go out onto the streets of New York each and every day. 用法：描述特定活动或事件 替换表达：He ventured out daily to capture street scenes. He would even stay outside in a storm, not coming back until he knew he had the right photos. 用法：描述行为和互动 替换表达：He persevered through harsh weather to get the perfect shot. Cunningham never accepted the benefits offered to him for being a fashion photographer. 用法：表达对某人行为的反应 替换表达：He refused material rewards for his work.
三、结果与反思相关表达 Cunningham’s passion for photography lasted throughout his life. 用法：描述对事件的综合印象 替换表达：His dedication to photography was lifelong. He was a “cultural anthropologist”, who we can thank for recording the life of a whole city and its people over half a century. 用法：表达怀旧和期待 替换表达：He documented the life of New York City for decades. There's a lot to explore at senior high. 用法：表达对未来的期待 替换表达：There's so much to discover and learn here
文章结构梳理 Article Analysis: Life Behind the Lens
1. Main Idea The article narrates the life and work of Bill Cunningham, a renowned photographer who captured the essence of New York City through his dedication to street photography. Despite his fame, Cunningham lived a simple life, valuing integrity and freedom over material benefits. His passion for photography, devotion to his craft, and ability to find beauty in everyday life made him a cultural icon. Through his work, he redefined fashion as something that belongs to everyone, not just the elite, and left a lasting legacy as a "cultural anthropologist" who documented the life of New York City for over half a century.
2. Paragraph Summaries and Functions Paragraph 1: Introduction to Bill Cunningham Summary: The paragraph introduces Bill Cunningham as an ordinary-looking man who was, in fact, one of the most important photographers of the last 50 years. Despite his humble appearance, he was highly sought after by New York's wealthy elite. Function: Sets the stage by contrasting Cunningham's unassuming appearance with his significant impact on photography and fashion, creating intrigue about his life and work. Paragraph 2: What Made Cunningham Great Summary: This paragraph explains that Cunningham's greatness did not come from expensive equipment or social connections. Instead, he used simple cameras and found inspiration in everyday scenes, capturing the beauty of ordinary people and real-life moments. He believed fashion belonged to everyone, not just high society. Function: Highlights Cunningham's unique approach to photography and his philosophy that fashion is inclusive, emphasizing his ability to see beauty in the mundane. Paragraph 3: Devotion and Hard Work Summary: Cunningham's dedication to photography was unparalleled. He worked tirelessly, often in harsh weather, and rarely took a day off. His hard work and passion are reflected in the quality and authenticity of his photos. Function: Illustrates Cunningham's work ethic and commitment to his craft, showing how his dedication contributed to his success and the uniqueness of his work. Paragraph 4: Simple Lifestyle Summary: Despite his fame, Cunningham lived a simple life in a small apartment and ate modest meals. He rejected the material benefits often associated with his profession. Function: Contrasts Cunningham's humble lifestyle with his professional success, emphasizing his values of simplicity and integrity. Paragraph 5: Integrity and Values Summary: Cunningham valued his integrity above all else, refusing to be influenced by money or fame. He believed that "freedom is the most expensive" and remained focused on his craft rather than personal gain. Function: Reinforces Cunningham's core values and his commitment to staying true to himself, even in the face of temptation. Paragraph 6: Legacy Summary: Cunningham's passion for photography lasted his entire life. He worked until his final days, leaving behind a legacy as a "cultural anthropologist" who documented the life of New York City and its people for over 50 years. Function: Concludes the article by summarizing Cunningham's lifelong dedication and his lasting impact on photography and cultural documentation.
3. Key Details from Each Paragraph Paragraph 1: Introduction to Bill Cunningham Cunningham was a white-haired man who rode an ordinary bicycle and wore simple clothes. Despite his ordinary appearance, he was highly respected by New York's wealthy elite. He was one of the most important photographers of the last 50 years. Paragraph 2: What Made Cunningham Great Cunningham used simple, relatively cheap cameras and photographed on the streets, not in a studio. He found inspiration in everyday scenes, such as a man buying oranges or a woman riding the subway. He believed fashion belonged to everyone, not just high society or big brands. Paragraph 3: Devotion and Hard Work Cunningham worked every day, regardless of the weather, and even stayed out in storms to get the perfect shot. He rarely took a day off and never called in sick. His dedication and hard work are reflected in the quality of his photos. Paragraph 4: Simple Lifestyle Cunningham lived in a small apartment with a shared washroom. He often ate the same simple meal of sausages, eggs, and coffee at a modest restaurant. Despite his fame, he rejected a luxurious lifestyle. Paragraph 5: Integrity and Values Cunningham never accepted benefits like free clothes or trips offered to him as a fashion photographer. He valued his integrity and refused to be influenced by money or fame. He once said, "Money’s the cheapest thing... freedom is the most expensive." Paragraph 6: Legacy Cunningham worked until his last illness and passed away at the age of 87. He was more than a fashion photographer; he was a "cultural anthropologist" who documented the life of New York City for over 50 years. He was an observer, not a star, and this was how he wanted to be remembered.
Reading Comprehension Worksheet（教师版）
外研版选择性必修3 Unit 2 Understanding ideas：Life Behind the Lens
I. Understanding and Main Idea Extraction（What文章理解与主旨提取）
A. Summarize the article in 1--2 sentences or choose the best summary.
The article narrates the life and work of Bill Cunningham, a renowned photographer who captured the essence of New York City through his dedication to street photography. Despite his fame, Cunningham lived a simple life, valuing integrity and freedom over material benefits.
B. "The article narrates the life and work of __________, a renowned photographer who captured the essence of __________ through his dedication to __________. "
Answer: The article narrates the life and work of Bill Cunningham, a renowned photographer who captured the essence of New York City through his dedication to street photography.
目的： 该问题考察学生从文章中提取主旨和关键信息的能力。总结要求理解文章的核心信息。
阅读技能目标：
能识别文章中的关键信息。
能将信息进行整合并形成简洁的总结。
A. Draw a mood chart that shows Cunningham’s emotional state throughout his career. Label the reasons why he felt this way (e.g., “passion for photography,” “love for street scenes”).
Answer: The mood chart should show "Passionate" throughout his career, with reasons like "devotion to photography," "love for street scenes," and "focus on capturing real-life beauty."
B. Analyze Cunningham's emotions and the reasons behind them. Do you think these emotions are common among artists Why
Answer: Cunningham was passionate and dedicated to his craft, often working long hours regardless of the weather. These emotions are common among artists who are deeply committed to their work and find joy in their creative process.
C. In the article, Cunningham says, “Money’s the cheapest thing... freedom is the most expensive.” Have you ever felt a similar way about your passions or values Write a short paragraph describing your feelings and think about the reasons behind them.
Answer: Personal reflections will vary, but students might write about times when they prioritized their passions or values over material benefits, reflecting on the importance of freedom and integrity.
目的： 该问题帮助学生分析坎宁安的情绪状态，并探讨其背后的原因。鼓励学生探索情感背景。
阅读技能目标：
理解并分析文章的情感基调。
A. What was Cunningham’s approach to photography, and how did it impact his work
Answer: Cunningham used simple, relatively cheap cameras and photographed ordinary people on the streets of New York. His approach allowed him to capture the real beauty and potential of everyday life, making his work unique and inspiring.
B. Complete the sentence based on the text:
"Cunningham’s approach to photography was unique because he used _______ and focused on _______ rather than _______."
Answer: "Cunningham’s approach to photography was unique because he used simple cameras and focused on ordinary people rather than celebrities or studios."
目的： 该问题考察学生对具体事件及其影响的理解。检查学生是否能够理解坎宁安的摄影理念如何影响他的作品。
阅读技能目标：
能识别文本中的因果关系。
理解特定经历如何影响人物的看法和态度。
A. Complete the sentence based on the text:
"Despite his fame, Cunningham lived a _______ life, valuing _______ and _______ over _______."
Answer: "Despite his fame, Cunningham lived a simple life, valuing integrity and freedom over material benefits."
B. Read the following statements and decide if they are true or false:
Cunningham lived in a luxurious apartment.
He often ate the same simple meal of sausages, eggs, and coffee.
He accepted free clothes and trips offered to him as a fashion photographer.
Answer: False, True, False
C. Paraphrase the following sentence:
“Cunningham valued his integrity and would not be bought by anyone, no matter how many free clothes or flights he was offered.”
Answer: Cunningham refused to compromise his principles, even when offered material rewards like free clothes or trips.
目的： 该问题检查学生对具体细节的理解，考察他们对事件和后果的把握。
阅读技能目标：
精准识别和回忆细节.
理解坎宁安的生活方式如何反映他的价值观。
II. Emotional and Deeper Meaning Analysis（Why情感与深层意义分析）
A. (Table Fill-in Exercise) Analyze Cunningham’s emotional state and the reasons behind it throughout his career.
Time Cunningham’s Mood Reason
Early Career Passionate He found beauty in everyday life and was dedicated to capturing real moments.
Mid-Career Determined He worked tirelessly, often in harsh weather, to capture the perfect shot.
Later Years Content He remained true to his values, living a simple life and focusing on his craft.
目的：该问题鼓励学生深入分析坎宁安的情感变化，理解情感变化背后的原因。阅读技能目标：
能够追踪文章中情绪的变化。
解释情绪变化的原因及其影响。
A. Complete the sentence based on the text:
"Cunningham’s positive experiences with __________ and his ability to find beauty in __________ helped him feel __________. By the end of his career, he realized he could __________, which boosted his confidence."
Answer: "Cunningham’s positive experiences with ordinary people and his ability to find beauty in everyday scenes helped him feel inspired. By the end of his career, he realized he could redefine fashion as something that belongs to everyone, which boosted his confidence."
B. How do positive experiences and interactions with others help you feel more confident in pursuing your passions
Answer: Positive experiences and interactions, like receiving encouragement or finding inspiration in small moments, help me feel more motivated and confident in pursuing my passions. They remind me that even small steps can lead to significant achievements.
C. Fill in the table below based on Cunningham’s experiences throughout his career:
Time Positive Experience Impact on Confidence
Early Career Found beauty in everyday scenes. Inspired him to pursue street photography and capture real-life moments.
Mid-Career Received recognition for his unique approach. Boosted his confidence in his craft and reinforced his belief in his vision.
Later Years Documented the life of New York for decades. Gave him a sense of fulfillment and pride in his legacy as a cultural anthropologist.
D. Write a short paragraph explaining how small positive interactions and experiences can lead to a boost in confidence over time.
Answer: Small positive interactions and experiences, like finding inspiration in everyday scenes or receiving recognition for one’s work, can gradually build confidence. Over time, these moments accumulate, helping individuals realize their potential and feel more assured in their abilities.
目的： 该问题探讨正面经历对自信心的促进作用。帮助学生理解积极互动如何推动个人成长。
阅读技能目标：
理解经历与个人情感成长之间的联系.
识别正面经历如何影响自信心。
A. How can a positive mindset help you adapt to new challenges in life or work
Answer: A positive mindset can help me stay resilient, open to new experiences, and focused on finding solutions. It allows me to see challenges as opportunities for growth rather than obstacles.
B. Fill in the table below based on Cunningham’s transformation from passion to legacy:
Emotional State Situation Implication for Adaptation
Passion Early fascination with street photography. Inspired him to pursue a unique path and find beauty in everyday life.
Determination Worked tirelessly in harsh conditions. Showed his commitment to his craft and ability to overcome challenges.
Fulfillment Documented New York City for over 50 years. Demonstrated his ability to adapt and thrive, leaving a lasting legacy.
C. Write a short paragraph explaining the emotional transformation someone might experience when pursuing a lifelong passion.
Answer: When someone pursues a lifelong passion, they may start with excitement and curiosity. Over time, challenges may arise, but with determination and resilience, they can overcome these obstacles. Eventually, they may feel a deep sense of fulfillment and pride in their achievements, knowing their work has made a meaningful impact.
D. Compare the emotional transformation from passion to legacy in the article with a personal experience of pursuing a long-term goal. How do the feelings of uncertainty lead to growth in both cases
Answer: In both the article and my personal experience, the initial excitement of pursuing a passion is often followed by challenges and moments of doubt. However, by staying committed and finding inspiration in small successes, confidence grows. Over time, the journey leads to a sense of accomplishment and pride in the progress made.
目的： 该问题让学生思考如何保持积极心态以适应新的环境，促进对自我调节和情感反应的反思。
阅读技能目标：
将文本中的见解应用于现实生活。
理解心态对适应新环境的重要性。
A. Complete the sentence:
"Maintaining integrity and valuing freedom is important in overcoming challenges because it helps individuals __________, stay true to their __________, and avoid being influenced by __________."
Answer: "Maintaining integrity and valuing freedom is important in overcoming challenges because it helps individuals stay focused, stay true to their values, and avoid being influenced by material benefits or external pressures."
B. Fill in the table below based on the importance of maintaining integrity and freedom:
Challenge Benefit of Integrity and Freedom Impact on Outcome
Facing societal pressure Stay true to personal values. Builds self-respect and earns the respect of others.
Pursuing a passion Focus on the craft rather than material rewards. Leads to genuine fulfillment and long-term success.
Handling fame Avoid being swayed by external validation. Maintains authenticity and a clear sense of purpose.
C. Debate whether maintaining integrity and freedom is always beneficial when facing challenges. Can there be situations where it might be harmful
Answer: On one hand, maintaining integrity and freedom helps individuals stay true to their values and avoid being influenced by external pressures. On the other hand, in some situations, being too rigid about these principles might limit opportunities for collaboration or compromise. Therefore, while integrity and freedom are generally beneficial, they should be balanced with flexibility when necessary.
目的： 该问题强调正直和自由在克服挑战中的作用，并帮助学生总结这些价值观对解决问题的影响。
阅读技能目标：
总结正直和自由对克服困难的影响。
理解这些价值观如何帮助克服挑战。
III. Structural Analysis and Creative Output（How结构分析与创造性输出）
1.
A. Analyze the narrative structure in the article. How does it help develop the story of Bill Cunningham’s life and work
Answer: The article uses a chronological structure to present Bill Cunningham’s life and work, starting with his humble beginnings and ending with his lasting legacy. This structure helps readers understand the progression of his career and the impact of his dedication. By showing how Cunningham’s passion and values evolved over time, the narrative emphasizes his growth as a photographer and his influence on fashion and culture.
目的： 该问题侧重于结构分析，帮助学生理解时间线结构如何支持坎宁安故事的呈现。
阅读技能目标：
理解结构元素（如时间线）如何影响叙事。
认识到结构是如何体现人物成长和情感变化的。
A. Complete the sentence:
"At the beginning of his career, Cunningham felt _______ about capturing everyday life. By the middle of his career, he felt more _______ because of his growing recognition. However, by the end of his career, he felt _______ and fulfilled, knowing he had left a lasting legacy."
Answer: "At the beginning of his career, Cunningham felt passionate about capturing everyday life. By the middle of his career, he felt more determined because of his growing recognition. However, by the end of his career, he felt content and fulfilled, knowing he had left a lasting legacy."
B. Write an essay discussing how Cunningham’s emotional journey from passion to legacy reflects the process of pursuing a lifelong passion.
Answer: (Example response)
"Bill Cunningham’s emotional journey from passion to legacy highlights the dedication and perseverance required to pursue a lifelong passion. His early fascination with street photography and his ability to find beauty in everyday life fueled his passion. As his career progressed, he faced challenges, such as harsh weather and long hours, but his determination never wavered. By the end of his career, Cunningham’s work had become a lasting legacy, inspiring future generations of photographers. This journey shows how passion, hard work, and staying true to one’s values can lead to a fulfilling and impactful life."
C. Discuss with your group how Cunningham’s emotional changes throughout his career show his adaptation to the challenges of being a photographer. Can you relate to these changes in your own experiences
Answer: (Group discussion answer)
"Cunningham’s emotional changes highlight the process of adapting to the challenges of being a photographer. Like Cunningham, I also faced challenges in my creative pursuits, but his story reminds me that perseverance and passion can lead to success. His ability to stay true to his values and find joy in his work is something I aspire to in my own journey."
目的： 该问题帮助学生理解文章中的情绪波动，强化情感发展的理解。
阅读技能目标：
追踪并理解情绪变化及其原因。
综合信息描述情感发展过程。
A. Match the transition with its purpose:
Transition Purpose
1. "What made Cunningham so great " A. Introduces the central question about Cunningham’s success.
2. "Moreover, what made Cunningham great was..." B. Adds another layer to the explanation of Cunningham’s greatness.
3. "Although he was a world-famous photographer..." C. Contrasts Cunningham’s fame with his simple lifestyle.
4. "Cunningham’s passion for photography lasted..." D. Concludes the article by summarizing Cunningham’s legacy.
Answer: 1 – A, 2 – B, 3 – C, 4 – D
B. Discuss how transitions in the article help readers follow Cunningham’s life and work. Provide examples from the text.
Answer: "Transitions play an important role in storytelling by helping readers understand the progression of a character’s life and work. In the article, the writer transitions smoothly from discussing Cunningham’s early career to his later achievements. For example, the transition from 'What made Cunningham so great ' to 'Moreover, what made Cunningham great was...' helps the reader follow the progression of his career, reflecting the changes in his impact and legacy."
目的： 该问题帮助学生识别文章中的过渡句并理解其作用，增强文章结构的理解。
阅读技能目标：
识别过渡句及其叙事目的。
理解过渡句如何增强文章的逻辑流畅性。
IV. Critical Thinking and Application（批判性思维与实践运用）
A. Cunningham faced challenges like harsh weather and long hours while pursuing his passion for photography. How can individuals handle similar challenges effectively
Answer: Individuals can handle challenges by staying committed to their passion, setting realistic goals, and finding inspiration in small successes. They can also seek support from others and maintain a positive mindset to overcome obstacles.
B. What are some possible solutions to the problem of staying motivated during difficult times, and why are they effective
Answer: Possible solutions include: Setting small, achievable goals: Breaking down large tasks into smaller steps can make challenges feel more manageable. Finding inspiration in everyday moments: Like Cunningham, individuals can draw motivation from simple, real-life scenes. Seeking support from peers or mentors: Sharing struggles with others can provide encouragement and new perspectives.
These solutions are effective because they help individuals stay focused, motivated, and resilient in the face of challenges.
目的： 该问题鼓励学生批判性思考如何应对追求激情过程中的挑战，提出解决问题的有效方法。
阅读技能目标：
分析文本中的问题并提出可行的解决方案。
将批判性思维应用于实际情境。
A. Analyze Cunningham’s personality. Use examples from the text to support your ideas.
Answer: Cunningham was humble, dedicated, and passionate. Despite his fame, he lived a simple life and remained focused on his craft. His refusal to accept material benefits and his dedication to street photography showcase his integrity and love for his work.
B. Imagine you are Cunningham. You are faced with the choice of accepting lucrative offers or staying true to your values. How would you describe your decision-making process
Answer: (Example response)
"If I were Cunningham, I would prioritize my values over material benefits. I believe that staying true to my passion and integrity is more important than financial gain. By refusing lucrative offers, I would maintain my focus on capturing the essence of everyday life, just as Cunningham did."
C. Analyze Cunningham’s character based on his actions and values throughout his career. How do these traits reflect his personality
Answer: Cunningham’s actions, such as working tirelessly in harsh weather and rejecting material benefits, reflect his determination, humility, and commitment to his craft. His values of integrity and freedom highlight his strong moral character and unwavering focus on his passion.
目的： 该问题通过分析文本中的行为和价值观，帮助学生深入理解坎宁安的人格特征。
阅读技能目标：
通过行为和价值观分析人物性。
通过文本推测人物的性格特征。
A. Write a diary entry or prepare to share your experience of pursuing a passion. Include your strategies for overcoming challenges.
Diary Entry:
"Today was another day of pursuing my passion for photography. I faced challenges, such as bad weather and long hours, but I reminded myself of Bill Cunningham’s dedication and perseverance. By staying focused and true to my values, I was able to capture some beautiful moments. I’m looking forward to continuing this journey, knowing that every small step brings me closer to my goals."
B. Write a short essay discussing how Cunningham’s approach to life and work can inspire others to pursue their passions with integrity and dedication.
Answer: (Example response)
"Bill Cunningham’s approach to life and work serves as an inspiration for anyone pursuing a passion. His dedication to street photography, despite the challenges, shows the importance of staying true to one’s values. Cunningham’s humility and focus on capturing real-life beauty remind us that success is not about material rewards but about the impact we make. His story encourages us to pursue our passions with integrity, resilience, and a commitment to excellence."
目的： 该任务要求学生将文章中的见解与个人经验相结合，增强个人反思与创造性写作能力。
阅读技能目标：
将文本中的知识与个人经验相结合。
进行自我反思，并发展创造性写作能力。
A. Debate whether maintaining integrity and rejecting material benefits is always beneficial when pursuing a passion. Can there be situations where it might be harmful
Answer:
Pros: Maintaining integrity and rejecting material benefits can help individuals stay true to their values and focus on their passion without distractions.
Cons: In some situations, accepting material benefits (e.g., funding or resources) might provide opportunities to further one’s passion and reach a wider audience.
Conclusion: While integrity is important, it should be balanced with practicality. Accepting certain benefits can sometimes enhance one’s ability to pursue their passion effectively.
目的： 该问题强调正直和自由在克服挑战中的作用，并帮助学生总结这些价值观对解决问题的影响。
阅读技能目标：
总结正直和自由对克服困难的影响。
理解这些价值观如何帮助克服挑战。
V. 词块积累及应用
1. 绘制思维导图：
中心词：Bill Cunningham’s Life and Work
分支 1：Feelings (e.g., passionate, dedicated, humble)
分支 2：Actions (e.g., photographing, working, inspiring)
分支 3：Reflections (e.g., integrity, simplicity, legacy)
A. 情感描述相关表达
Cunningham was passionate about photography.
用法：描述性格和当前情感状态。
替换表达：Cunningham was deeply committed to his craft.
He valued his integrity and would not be bought by anyone.
用法：表达期望或目标。
替换表达：He remained true to his principles.
Cunningham found inspiration in simple, everyday scenes.
用法：表达内心疑问或担忧。
替换表达：He drew inspiration from ordinary life.
He hardly ever took a day off and not once stayed home sick.
用法：否定情感状态。
替换表达：He was always dedicated to his work.
Cunningham felt much more confident than he felt this morning.
用法：对比情感变化。
替换表达：He grew more confident over time.
B. 行为描写相关表达
Cunningham would go out onto the streets of New York each and every day.
用法：描述特定活动或事件。
替换表达：He ventured out daily to capture street scenes.
He would even stay outside in a storm, not coming back until he knew he had the right photos.
用法：描述行为和互动。
替换表达：He persevered through harsh weather to get the perfect shot.
Cunningham never accepted the benefits offered to him for being a fashion photographer.
用法：表达对某人行为的反应。
替换表达：He refused material rewards for his work.
C. 结果与反思相关表达
Cunningham’s passion for photography lasted throughout his life.
用法：描述对事件的综合印象。
替换表达：His dedication to photography was lifelong.
He was a “cultural anthropologist”, who we can thank for recording the life of a whole city and its people over half a century.
用法：表达怀旧和期待。
替换表达：He documented the life of New York City for decades.
There’s a lot to explore at senior high.
用法：表达对未来的期待。
替换表达：There’s so much to discover and learn here.
目的：通过整理文章中的情感、行为和反思表达，帮助学生形成语义网络，内化语言。
2. 迁移应用：
A. 请用以下词汇和表达介绍你对某项事物的热爱：
词汇：passionate, dedicated, humble, inspired
句型：I felt...; I was a little...; I want to...; What if...
示例句：
On my first day as a photographer, I felt passionate and inspired by the beauty of everyday life.
目标：帮助学生运用情感相关词汇和表达描述自己的经历和感受。
B. 模拟对话：你是一名摄影师，面对恶劣天气，你该如何坚持拍摄？
句型支持：
- I really wanted to capture the perfect shot, even in the storm.
- Could you please help me set up the equipment I need to focus on the lighting.
目标：鼓励学生运用行为描写的表达，模拟情景对话。
C. 写一篇短文，描述你对摄影或艺术的热情，至少使用以下表达：
词汇：explore, friendly, confident, miss
句型：I didn’t feel...; I believe...; There’s a lot to...
示例写作框架：
开头：描述你对摄影或艺术的初次感受（情感词汇）。
中间：描述你遇到的挑战和如何克服它们（行为词汇）。
结尾：总结你的反思与期待（结果与反思表达）。
目标：通过写作巩固结果与反思相关表达，拓展学生的输出能力。
目的：词块积累通过整理文章中的情感、行为和反思表达，帮助学生形成语义网络，内化语言。迁移应用通过实际任务（如写作、对话），帮助学生将词汇和表达应用于语境中，增强语言输出能力。
阅读技能目标：
扩展与情感、行为相关的词汇。
将新词汇应用于语境中以增强理解与表达能力。外研版选择性必修3 Unit2阅读单（学生版）
Reading Comprehension Worksheet（学生版）
外研版选择性必修3 Unit 2 Understanding ideas：Life Behind the Lens
I. Understanding and Main Idea Extraction（What文章理解与主旨提取）
A. Summarize the article in 1--2 sentences or choose the best summary.
B. The article narrates the life and work of __________, a renowned photographer who captured the essence of __________ through his dedication to __________.
A. Draw a mood chart that shows Cunningham’s emotional state throughout his career. Label the reasons why he felt this way (e.g., “passion for photography,” “love for street scenes”).
B. Analyze Cunningham's emotions and the reasons behind them. Do you think these emotions are common among artists Why
C. In the article, Cunningham says, “Money’s the cheapest thing... freedom is the most expensive.” Have you ever felt a similar way about your passions or values Write a short paragraph describing your feelings and think about the reasons behind them.
A. What was Cunningham’s approach to photography, and how did it impact his work
B. Complete the sentence based on the text: "Cunningham’s approach to photography was unique because he used _______ and focused on _______ rather than _______."
A. Complete the sentence based on the text: "Despite his fame, Cunningham lived a _______ life, valuing _______ and _______ over _______."
B. Read the following statements and decide if they are true or false:
Cunningham lived in a luxurious apartment.
He often ate the same simple meal of sausages, eggs, and coffee.
He accepted free clothes and trips offered to him as a fashion photographer.
C. Paraphrase the following sentence:
“Cunningham valued his integrity and would not be bought by anyone, no matter how many free clothes or flights he was offered.”
II. Emotional and Deeper Meaning Analysis（Why情感与深层意义分析）
(Table Fill-in Exercise) Analyze Cunningham’s emotional state and the reasons behind it throughout his career.
Time Cunningham’s Mood Reason
Early Career
Mid-Career
Later Years
A. Complete the sentence based on the text:
"Cunningham’s positive experiences with __________ and his ability to find beauty in __________ helped him feel __________. By the end of his career, he realized he could __________, which boosted his confidence."
B. How do positive experiences and interactions with others help you feel more confident in pursuing your passions
C. Fill in the table below based on Cunningham’s experiences throughout his career:
Time Positive Experience Impact on Confidence
Early Career
Mid-Career
Later Years
D. Write a short paragraph explaining how small positive interactions and experiences can lead to a boost in confidence over time.
A. How can a positive mindset help you adapt to new challenges in life or work
B. Fill in the table below based on Cunningham’s transformation from passion to legacy:
Emotional State Situation Implication for Adaptation
Passion
Determination
Fulfillment
C. Write a short paragraph explaining the emotional transformation someone might experience when pursuing a lifelong passion.
D. Compare the emotional transformation from passion to legacy in the article with a personal experience of pursuing a long-term goal. How do the feelings of uncertainty lead to growth in both cases
A. Complete the sentence:
"Maintaining integrity and valuing freedom is important in overcoming challenges because it helps individuals __________, stay true to their __________, and avoid being influenced by __________."
B. Fill in the table below based on the importance of maintaining integrity and freedom:
Challenge Benefit of Integrity and Freedom Impact on Outcome
Facing societal pressure
Pursuing a passion
Handling fame
C. Debate whether maintaining integrity and freedom is always beneficial when facing challenges. Can there be situations where it might be harmful
III. Structural Analysis and Creative Output（How结构分析与创造性输出）
A. Analyze the narrative structure in the article. How does it help develop the story of Bill Cunningham’s life and work
A. Complete the sentence:
"At the beginning of his career, Cunningham felt _______ about capturing everyday life. By the middle of his career, he felt more _______ because of his growing recognition. However, by the end of his career, he felt _______ and fulfilled, knowing he had left a lasting legacy."
B. Write an essay discussing how Cunningham’s emotional journey from passion to legacy reflects the process of pursuing a lifelong passion.
C. Discuss with your group how Cunningham’s emotional changes throughout his career show his adaptation to the challenges of being a photographer. Can you relate to these changes in your own experiences
A. Match the transition with its purpose:
Transition Purpose
1. "What made Cunningham so great " A. Introduces the central question about Cunningham’s success.
2. "Moreover, what made Cunningham great was..." B. Adds another layer to the explanation of Cunningham’s greatness.
3. "Although he was a world-famous photographer..." C. Contrasts Cunningham’s fame with his simple lifestyle.
4. "Cunningham’s passion for photography lasted..." D. Concludes the article by summarizing Cunningham’s legacy.
B. Discuss how transitions in the article help readers follow Cunningham’s life and work. Provide examples from the text.
IV. Critical Thinking and Application（批判性思维与实践运用）
A. Cunningham faced challenges like harsh weather and long hours while pursuing his passion for photography. How can individuals handle similar challenges effectively
B. What are some possible solutions to the problem of staying motivated during difficult times, and why are they effective
A. Analyze Cunningham’s personality. Use examples from the text to support your ideas.
B. Imagine you are Cunningham. You are faced with the choice of accepting lucrative offers or staying true to your values. How would you describe your decision-making process
C. Analyze Cunningham’s character based on his actions and values throughout his career. How do these traits reflect his personality
A. Write a diary entry or prepare to share your experience of pursuing a passion. Include your strategies for overcoming challenges.
B. Write a short essay discussing how Cunningham’s approach to life and work can inspire others to pursue their passions with integrity and dedication.
A. Debate whether maintaining integrity and rejecting material benefits is always beneficial when pursuing a passion. Can there be situations where it might be harmful
V. 词块积累及应用
1. 绘制思维导图：
中心词：Bill Cunningham’s Life and Work
分支 1：Feelings (e.g., passionate, dedicated, humble)
分支 2：Actions (e.g., photographing, working, inspiring)
分支 3：Reflections (e.g., integrity, simplicity, legacy)
情感描述相关表达
行为描写相关表达
结果与反思相关表达
2. 迁移应用：
A. 请用以下词汇和表达介绍你对某项事物的热爱：
词汇：passionate, dedicated, humble, inspired
句型：I felt...; I was a little...; I want to...; What if...
B. 模拟对话：你是一名摄影师，面对恶劣天气，你该如何坚持拍摄？
C. 写一篇短文，描述你对摄影或艺术的热情，至少使用以下表达：
词汇：explore, friendly, confident, miss
句型：I didn’t feel...; I believe...; There’s a lot to...
