(共13张PPT)
第一部分
阅读
专题二 阅读七选五
题型综述
1. 命题解读
能力要求：阅读七选五主要考查学生对语篇的整体理解能力、逻辑思维能力和语篇衔接能力。学生需会分析文章结构，提炼文章主旨，理解句子之间、段落之间的逻辑关系和语义连贯性，具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。
语篇特点：以说明文和记叙文为主，议论文为辅。短文长度280～300词。
设空类型：文章标题类和段落主题句类(段首)、段意承上启下类(段中或段尾)、主旨归纳总结类(段尾)。选项大致可分为三类：主旨概括句(文章整体内容)、过渡性句子(文章结构)、注释性句子(上下文逻辑意义)。逻辑关系衔接占比70%，词汇复现关联占比25%，段落结构功能占比5%。
干扰项特征：(1) 干扰项貌合神离。有的干扰项从句式来看符合行文句式特征，但语义与上下文不连贯；或话题相近但语义不连贯。(2) 反主旨信息复现。命题人有时会在干扰项中使用上下文中的原词，但选项句意与段落主旨相去甚远。学生在做题时不能仅依靠原词复现就确定答案。(3) 干扰项模棱两可。此类干扰项的迷惑性极强，其在语义和逻辑上和文段相符，但偏离了文章主旨，需要学生充分把握文章脉络和段落主旨。
考向预测：(1) 主题聚焦实用技能，围绕学习方法、人际沟通、心理健康等贴近学生生活的话题，强调应用性。(2) 结构高度规律化：总分结构为主，段落首句或小标题概括全段核心。(3) 段落内部逻辑清晰(因果、对比、举例等)。
2. 考情分析
年份 卷别 体裁 话题 设空位置 词数
段首 段中 段尾
2025 全国一卷 记叙文 咖啡馆员工的敬业与坚守 0 4 1 249＋78
全国二卷 说明文 家庭共同参与志愿服务的意外益处 2 2 1 243＋76
年份 卷别 体裁 话题 设空位置 词数
段首 段中 段尾
2024 新课标Ⅰ卷 说明文 介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验、心得与乐趣 1 4 0 268＋54
新课标Ⅱ卷 说明文 如何解决过度旅游带来的问题 1 3 1 254＋45
年份 卷别 体裁 话题 设空位置 词数
段首 段中 段尾
2023 新课标Ⅰ卷 说明文 通过写作练习进行自我原谅 0 4 1 239＋82
新课标Ⅱ卷 说明文 如何开启艺术之旅 1 3 1 261＋56
全国甲卷 说明文 如何成为更有耐心的人 1 3 1 248＋44
全国乙卷 说明文 室内绿植 0 3 2 276＋62
分析汇总：2025年全国一卷再现和2021年新高考Ⅰ卷相似的记叙文文本，用暖心小故事来命题，与前三年新课标I卷的说明文体裁不同。鉴于记叙文的文体特征，学生需要利用“动作链”“时间线”“情感线”等常见的记叙文要素判断上下文的逻辑。2025年全国一卷未设置段首设空，也是由文章体裁所决定的。
3. 教考衔接
译林教材选择性必修第四册Unit 3 Careers and skills的单元主题“职业与技能”为2025年全国一卷七选五提供话题根基，单元卷首名言体现的“职业平等”的价值观，通过咖啡馆员工与学生的互动具象化，说明平凡岗位中也蕴含不凡价值。
2025年全国二卷则是融合了译林教材必修第一册Unit 2 Let's talk teens“亲子关系”的单元主题和选择性必修第四册Unit 1 Extended reading板块呼吁学生积极参加志愿活动、承担责任的话题，从促进家庭关系的角度讲述参与志愿活动的意义，体现“教材情境→考场情境”的迁移设计。
4. 难点归因
(1) 没了解文本话题和框架结构就仓促选答案。这样很容易跑偏而不自知。
(2) 在阅读过程中，视角过于微观，忽略选项特点，只见树木不见森林。
(3) 没有读懂选项就开始答题，容易选中形似神不似的干扰项。
(4) 顾单句不顾篇章。只看空格前一句或后一句，不知命题者可能刻意安排局部自洽的干扰项。有时候某一句话放进空格，前后说得通，但和全文所要传递的整体信息相悖，或是不能为全文做贡献。
(5) 忽略不同位置句子应有的特点，段首、段中、段尾句同样对待。
5. 解决对策——根据题型特点，遵循解题步骤
第一步：通读全文，重点关注文章标题、主题句、首尾段、段落标题和首尾句，把握主题。
第二步：边读边做，分类突破。根据设空类型选方法：如考查段首句，根据段落意义一致原则，查找关键词，推断主题句；如考查段中句，阅读上下文，抓住线索信号词，确定是并列、递进、转折、因果等哪种逻辑关系；如考查段尾句，阅读上文，锁定高频词或线索信号词，并注意与下一段开头的衔接关系。
第三步：将所选答案代入文中，重点检查逻辑关系，看有无明显的逻辑冲突。
着重强化逻辑分析能力：
(1) 显性逻辑：关注连接词与指代关系。标记表示因果(so/therefore/as a result等)、转折(but/however/though等)、并列(and/or/meanwhile等)、递进(besides/furthermore/what's more等)等关系的连接词，用以判断选项与上下文的连贯性。注意代词(this/that/these/it/they等)，避免指代不明导致的逻辑断层。如，空格后出现they，需在选项中找到指代对象对应的复数名词。
(2) 隐性逻辑：把握语义连贯与话题一致性。关注“关键词复现”(原词、同义词、近义词)和“话题延续”。结合语境综合判断，警惕“假复现”陷阱，如，某些选项虽含原文词汇，但表达的内容偏离核心话题。
谢谢观看
Thank you for watching(共67张PPT)
第一部分
阅读
专题二 阅读七选五
微专题2 段中设空题
内容索引
真题导向
体系建构
对点训练
真 题 导 向
典例 (2025全国一卷)
An Unsung Hero
Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning The College Cafe has just that, and more. 36 E .
Catherine Murphy, a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat, makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order. She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks. 37 As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day？” Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn't let it get in the way of her genuine conversations.
Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. 38 “I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. I know they need it in the morning，” Murphy said. Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is. She believes she is here to serve.
One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious(有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her. Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. 39 “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood，” Wright said.
“I enjoy working in the café,” Murphy said. 40 She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves.
A. The cafe closes at 9 p.m. every day.
B. She has two children aged eight and four.
C. Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.
D. After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup.
E. Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles.
F. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.
G. She has served here for 17 years and can't imagine working anywhere else.
解题分析 通读全文，分析文章结构，了解主题。文章属于总分总结构，首先通过疑问句引出College Cafe，接着描写员工Catherine Murphy做饮品、与顾客交流的工作日常，最后一段总结Murphy热爱咖啡店的工作。阅读选项时，标记选项中表示逻辑关系的副词、连词、代词和核心主题词汇。
37. 段中设空，顺承关系。空前讲制作饮品，空后说顾客来取饮品时Murphy与他们真诚交谈，所以D项“完成一份订单后，她会喊出杯子上的名字”逻辑上衔接了前后两个动作。本题中的词汇复现：选项中the cup对应上文的the drinks；the name对应下文的the customer。
38. 段中设空，顺承关系。空前讲述Murphy早起赶路上班，空后又提到为学生做咖啡，故C项“有时她会早早到校，以便早点为学生们服务”承上启下，前句先说明常规情况，空处再补充特殊情况，构成顺承关系。选项中arrives early to serve the students early和下文的I do so …形成内容上的呼应。
39. 段中设空，因果关系。空前提到Joanna Wright常去咖啡馆，空后提到她对Murphy微笑服务的评价，所以空处应该围绕Joanna展开，说明咖啡馆对她的影响，故选F项“去咖啡馆这一举动为她的一天开了个好头，也让她做好了上课的准备”。选项中Going to the cafe starts her day off good和上文goes to the cafe at least six days a week相呼应。
40. 段中设空，顺承关系。空前句表明Murphy“喜欢在咖啡馆工作”，因此空处应体现她对这份工作的坚守，并契合结尾句中的staying and continuing doing。故G项“她在这里已经工作了17年，根本无法想象去别的地方工作”是用事实佐证了前面的观点，适合此处语境。
体 系 建 构
技巧(一) 根据逻辑关系解题
1. 因果关系
例 (2024新课标Ⅰ卷Para.2)
I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. 37 Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
A. I don't often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don't want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.
解题分析 空前作者提出观点“不信任笔记本电脑的拼写检查器”，所以空处应该围绕电脑的拼写检查器展开，对前面观点进行解释说明。B项“它不考虑上下文”中的It指代上文my laptop's spellchecker，解释了作者不信任拼写检查程序的原因。
【方法总结】因果关系说明前后句子间存在前因后果或者前果后因的逻辑关联。表示因果关系的标志词有as a result、thus、therefore、hence、consequently、so/such … that等。也可能像以上例题一样，没有标志词出现，仅靠语义体现因果关系。
2. 转折关系
例 (2024新课标Ⅰ卷Paras.4～5)
In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. 39 However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better.
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. “To make dictionaries is dull(乏味的) work，” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of “dull”. 40 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.
A. I don't often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don't want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.
解题分析 39. 空前提到作者拥有的the Shorter Oxford Dictionary的副本包含了大量的词汇、词组和习语。空后由However引出作者使用这本词典的情况，因此空缺处需与下文形成转折关系。A项“我并不经常使用这本词典”与下文“然而，如果需要查词的起源或了解其用法的例子，没有比《牛津英语大词典(简编本)》更好的了”形成了语义上的转折，故选A。
40. 空前讲述词典编纂工作的枯燥性，空后说明“花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有益的体验”，因此空处需构建语义转折，将“乏味枯燥”转化为“有益的体验”。D项“但是读字典可以是一种乐趣”中的But是标志词，同时选项内容符合上下文逻辑。
【方法总结】如果空处与前后句语义是逻辑上的逆转，则可以根据前后句语义来倒推空处的语义。表示转折关系的标志词有but、however、whereas、nevertheless、though、yet等。
3. 例证关系
例 (2023新课标Ⅰ卷Para.2)
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths”. 37 Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don't have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you're proud of.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality.
解题分析 根据空前内容“在日记或纸上写上标题‘个人优点’”以及空后通过疑问句的形式列举出的优点可知，空处需提及“列举”“优点”等关键词，因此B项“现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点”符合上下文语境。
【方法总结】例证关系指前后句之间通过具体实例支撑观点的逻辑关系。例证的本质是思维上的形象(例子、类比等)和抽象(观点)的辩证关系，可能是由具体例子推导出观点的归纳，也可能是用实例论证观点的演绎推理。表示例证关系的标志词有for example、for instance、such as、like等。
4. 递进关系
例 (2023全国乙卷Para.1)
Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. 36 , but studies have shown that they can promote people's well-being by improving their mood(心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What's more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.
A. All plants are different
B. Not only do they look beautiful
C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil's ivy are among the best
F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
解题分析 根据空前unsung heroes可知，下文应该都讲室内植物的好处，空后but后的内容是讲好处，所以这里的but应该不是表示转折关系，更可能是递进关系。纵观各选项，选B项可构成not only … but (also)结构表递进。并且，B项“它们不仅看起来美丽”能够衔接下文，符合语境。
【方法总结】递进关系指后句语义在前句基础上有所升级。表示此关系的标志词有also、too、besides、further、furthermore、similarly、moreover、in addition、what's more、not only … but (also) …、the more … the more …等。
5. 并列关系
例 (2020全国Ⅲ卷Para.1)
A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. 36 And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopeful presents.
A. This isn't usual though.
B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D. If you're lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.
解题分析 空前句说庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的一次机会，空后句说这也是给新家装满爱和希望的礼物的好时机，两句是并列关系，可推测空处也与它们构成并列关系。E项“它也给了人们一次看看新家什么样的机会”与前后句并列，都是庆祝乔迁之喜聚会的目的。
【方法总结】并列关系中无先后顺序和主次之分。表示并列关系的标志词有：and、or、nor、while等。
6. 顺承关系
例1 (2024新课标Ⅰ卷Para.1)
Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(原稿). 36 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
A. I don't often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don't want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.
解题分析 空前强调“如果你想出版，提交完美且专业的原稿是非常重要的”，空后“没有哪个编辑会容忍一个不愿花心思拼写正确单词的作家”是对前面提议的解释，由此可分析空处可能解释何为“完美且专业的原稿”。F项“这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误”是对上文的例证解释，其中的That指代上文的a perfect, professionally presented manuscript，故选F。
例2 (2023新课标Ⅱ卷Para.4)
● Continually challenge yourself to try something new. 38 Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club; we've all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online.
A. Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don't throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You'll hit roadblocks, and you'll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You'll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
解题分析 上文“不断挑战自己，尝试新事物”给出了抽象观点，空处及下文应该具体讲怎么做。A项“走出你的舒适区”符合此处语境。
【方法总结】顺承关系强调时间或步骤或阶段的顺序，无程度差异；也可以是对前面观点的进一步解释。表示顺承关系的标志词有：firstly、secondly、thirdly、in the first place、for one thing、to begin with等。
技巧(二) 根据词汇复现解题
例 (2024新课标Ⅱ卷Para.3)
● Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it's actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. 38 Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination's lesser-known sights
A. Visit during off-peak times.
B. So, should we stop traveling
C. Travel for you and no one else.
D. Can overtourism be avoided then
E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F. You'll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G. Consider giving back to the communities you're visiting.
解题分析 空前Though后内容提出观点，it's actually …修正观点，指出关键事实。That means …是从前一句推导出的结果，“有很多不太受欢迎的景点可供选择”。空后呼吁大家去一个受欢迎的目的地看看不太知名的景点。这一段讨论的核心是旅游的目的地。所以E项“你仍然可以找到相对未被发掘的地方”对上文给出了一个解决方案，其中的undiscovered places和原文中的less-visited options和a popular destination's lesser-known sights对应，承上启下。
【方法总结】先研读上下文和选项信息，找出所有含有呼应词的选项(与原文相同、相近或相反的词汇或代词指代等)；比较不同的选项，结合逻辑关系，筛选出正确答案。
技巧(三) 根据指示代词解题
例1 (2025浙江1月卷Paras.1～3)
One of the most common mistakes in communication is trying to do too much. 36 C There's no value in delivering any kind of communication, whether written, spoken, formal, or informal, if the message doesn't come across clearly. Being clear and brief—while maintaining interest and including everything your listeners need to know—is a high-level communication skill.
Here are some tips worth following in order to communicate more effectively.
Keep your audience in mind.
Your audience will naturally be more interested and engaged when you tailor your communications to their interests. 37 This will engage their desire to understand and interact with the information.
A. Be patient.
B. Get the audience involved.
C. The best messages are often simple.
D. Speak directly to what matters to them.
E. You may be surprised by what your listeners offer.
F. It will also give them a handy record to refer back to.
G. As the speaker, you already know what you're going to say.
解题分析 空处前一句解释背景原因，“当你根据听众的兴趣量身定制你的交流时，他们自然会更感兴趣，更投入”；空后的句子为结果，“这将激发他们理解信息并与之互动的欲望”。按照逻辑分析可知，空处应为具体的做法，并且根据空后句子主语This可知，空处应体现指示代词This的内容。D项“直接谈论对他们重要的事”为具体做法，即直接针对受众关心的事情与之进行交流，与上文逻辑一致，且与空后的This保持一致，故选D。
例2 (2024浙江1月卷Para.3)
The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in-person courses. 39 He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards.
A. But that doesn't mean there aren't deadlines.
B. Your motivation should be your main concern.
C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education
D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E. The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade
G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
解题分析 根据下文“他指出，他的在线学生最终的成绩通常较低”可知，本空要提及跟代词He有关的话题。D项“Alex Davidson教授同时开设线下和线上课程”能引起下文，下文中的He指代D项中的Alex Davidson教授。
1. 先纵览全文，领会文章主旨脉络，在此基础上排除干扰项，须有确定的排除理由，不可主观臆断。
2. 定位各选项填入位置时，应理清句间关系，不能看到复现词，就轻易下定论。
3. 最后要逐一代入答案，整体通读文章，检查逻辑关系和语义是否连贯合理，才能最终确认答案。
对 点 训 练
A(2025广东广州天河毕业班综合测试三)
限时：7分钟
A. Start by observing everything around you.
B. These are the ways we can all learn and recall information.
C. One effective approach is to actively engage senses beyond vision.
D. To improve memory, focus on physical exercise as well as mental effort.
E. Feelings help to store long-term memories, so use them to boost recall, too.
F. Even without visual clues, you can also use reasoning to unlock the mysteries of your past.
G. If you can't recall a password, for example, check whether your fingers can just type it automatically.
Which is lighter in color: a grass lawn or a pine tree The lawn, right And how did you decide Almost certainly by “seeing” them both in your mind, and comparing the two shades of green.
But not everyone can do that. Using this question, research revealed aphantasia—an inability to form mental images—affecting 2－5% of the population. While most people use mental imagery to help them remember, aphantasiacs have to use other techniques. 1 .
2 Be observant about sounds, textures, tastes, and particularly smells. Practice bringing these to mind, and use them whenever you can to connect with your memories.
C
A
Another powerful method involves connecting memories to emotional experiences. 3 How did you feel when you visited the place, watched the film, or read the book that you're trying to recall
Think logically. 4 For instance, by analyzing a series of events, you might determine when something occurred. Similarly, retracing your steps and piecing through your day can help you figure out where you lost a possession.
E
F
Additionally, try to create muscle memory. If you've done something many times, it may be easier to stop trying to remember it, and just let it happen. 5 .
These are strategies that many people with aphantasia rely on, instead of image clues, and we can all learn something from them.
【语篇导读】本文是说明文(人与社会)。文章主要介绍了心盲症(aphantasia)患者无法形成心理图像的特点，并提供了几种替代视觉记忆的记忆策略。本文的段落结构多为“提出方法或观点——进一步具体解释说明——给出具体操作或实例证明”，应多从例证关系角度入手解题。
G
1 【解析】段尾设空。上文指出心盲症患者需使用其他记忆技巧，下文“Be observant about sounds, textures, tastes, and particularly smells.”具体描述非视觉记忆方法。由此可知，空处应引出多感官记忆策略。前一句是观点，C项“一种有效的方法是积极调动视觉以外的感官”给出例证，能承上启下。
2 【解析】段首设空。下文强调通过留意非视觉感官来辅助记忆，空处应为总起句。A项observing everything与下文Be observant about直接呼应。A项“开始观察你身边的一切”告诉你要做什么，下文告诉你具体观察什么(声音、质地、味道、气味)，逻辑上形成递进关系。
3【解析】段中设空。上文“Another powerful method involves connecting memories to emotional experiences.”提出方法“将记忆和情感体验关联”，下文“How did you feel when you visited the place, watched the film, or read the book that you're trying to recall？”讲的是具体怎么做。E项“情感有助于存储长期记忆，因此也可用它增强回忆”中“Feelings help to store long-term memories”解释上文提出方法的原因，后半句boost recall引出下文对实际操作的引导，构成逻辑闭环。
4 【解析】段中设空。上文“Think logically.”提出总体建议，下文举了两个例子从不同角度(时间和地点)阐述逻辑思考的应用。空处应能引出两个例子。剩余选项中，F项“即使没有视觉线索，也可通过推理解锁过去”具体说明了逻辑思考的应用场景，既拓展深化前句，又引出下文，其中reasoning呼应上文logically。
5 【解析】段尾设空。上文“Additionally, try to create muscle memory.”提出一个方法，“If you've done something many times, it may be easier to stop trying to remember it, and just let it happen.”针对上句解释了原理，根据前面两段的结构，这里接下来可能引出具体操作或实例。G项“比如忘记密码时，让手指自动输入”符合语境，通过具体事例来证明所提方法的可能性，体现肌肉记忆的应用。
【词汇拓展】
①aphantasia n. 想象障碍，心盲症，幻象可视缺失症
②aphantasiac n. 心盲症患者
【长难句分析】
Similarly, retracing your steps and piecing through your day can help you figure out where you lost a possession. (Para.5)
分析：本句为主从复合句。主句为主谓宾结构，动名词短语retracing your steps and piecing through your day做主句主语，where you lost a possession做figure out的宾语从句。
句意：同样地，回顾你的行动轨迹并梳理你一天的经历，可以帮助你弄清楚你是在哪里丢失了某件物品的。
1. Para.6: If you've done something many times, it may be easier to stop trying to remember it, and just let it happen.(it may be easier to do)
仿写：当面对一个难题时，暂时把它放一边，之后再用全新的思路回过头来思考，可能会更容易解决。
When facing a difficult problem, it may be easier to put it aside for a while and then come back to it with a fresh mind.
2. 从文中摘录一个最喜欢的句子，参照上面的示例进行仿写运用。
略
B(2025苏北七市二模)
限时：7分钟
A. Learn more about the author.
B. Reading classics requires pacing.
C. Follow through with another classic.
D. My love for classics was a gradual affair.
E. Allow the book and the language to grow with you.
F. It's wrong to assume that all classics are created equal.
G. You should treat classics like vegetables and eat them quickly.
How to Appreciate a Classic
Classics are often seen as books read by literature majors or intellectuals. They carry a certain air of snobbery(势利) in them. 6 The classics and I began as acquaintances, eventually to friends, and then to close confidantes(密友) with private jokes between us. So how does one approach a classic
Find your classic (era). The term classic applies to a wide range of books across a long period of time. 7 Not every classic is as thick as Tolstoy's Anna Karenina. Like all forms of literature, there are genres within the classics selection of a bookstore. By finding your era, there's always something that may appeal to you.
D
F
Read slow and get immersed(沉浸的). Classics aren't written in our modern tongue. It is written with every mark of the period it was published in. As challenging as it may be, I suggest reading your first classic slow. 8 . It's like immersing yourself in a different world. It would take a few interactions to get the hang of it, but you do get it eventually.
9 Once immersed, you rather get a hang of the language, and it is best to read another one. Maybe read a book from the same author. In this way, the next book becomes easier to read. The ease in the language and the context is reward itself and may motivate you to read more classics.
E
C
Try again. If the first classic you got was a miss, find another one. You can even start with thinner books like Peter Pan or a child's classic such as Alice in Wonderland or even Anne of Green Gables. Don't jump from “I don't read classics” to “Brothers Karamazov” all too sudden. 10 .
【语篇导读】本文是说明文(人与社会)。文章告诉读者如何欣赏经典作品。
B
6 【解析】段中设空。上文两句出现了代词They，说明讲的是大众观点，下文句中的I说明视角转换到个人体验。空处应衔接起这种转变。下文“The classics and I began as acquaintances, eventually to friends, and then to close confidantes with private jokes between us.”用“从泛泛之交到密友”的比喻说明作者与经典作品之间关系的渐进性。D项“我对古典文学的热爱是循序渐进的”承上启下，符合语境。
7 【解析】段中设空。上文“The term classic applies to a wide range of books across a long period of time.”是对“经典”概念的宽泛而抽象的定义，下文“Not every classic is as thick as Tolstoy's Anna Karenina.”则是一个具体的说明经典的差异性的例证。所以空处可能提出经典具有差异性的观点，和下文构成例证关系。F项“认为所有经典作品都一样是错误的”符合语境。
8 【解析】段中设空。上文建议读者慢读自己选的第一部经典并说明原因，下文说的是渐进式理解经典的过程，空处应能体现慢读和渐进式理解。只有E项“让书和语言与你一起成长”进一步解释慢读的意义，顺承上文语义，符合语境。
9 【解析】段首设空。上段说的是读第一部经典的情况：非现代语言，不好读，建议慢读，最终会掌握。下文说“一旦沉浸其中，你反而掌握了它的语言，此时最好再读一本”。根据immersed和read another one可知，空处应提及读经典。C项“继续读另一本经典”承上启下，说明如何通过连贯阅读加深理解，符合语境。因为有复现词author，本题易误选A，但语境显示此处讲的应该是经典作品，而不是其作者。
10 【解析】 段尾设空。上文提到“你甚至可以从更薄的书开始，比如《彼得·潘》，或者是儿童经典，比如《爱丽丝梦游仙境》，甚至是《绿山墙的安妮》。不要突然从‘我不读经典’跳到《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》”。结合上文强调慢读经典可知，这里讲的是读经典要从易到难，不能操之过急，空处应是对上文的总结。故B项“阅读经典需要有节奏”符合语境。
【文化拓展】
Brothers Karamazov《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》是俄国作家陀思妥耶夫斯基(Fyodor Dostoyevsky)的代表作之一，以其深刻的心理描写、复杂的人物关系和丰富的哲学思考而闻名。它不仅是一部文学作品，也是一部哲学著作，对人性、道德和信仰进行了深刻的探讨。
【长难句分析】
If the first classic you got was a miss, find another one.(Para.5)
分析：本句为主从复合句。If引导条件状语从句，其中包含修饰classic的定语从句you got。
句意：如果你第一次读的经典作品没有打动你，那就再找另一部试试。
1. Para.3: As challenging as it may be, I suggest reading your first classic slow. (as＋adj.＋as it may be)
仿写：尽管可能压力很大，我还是建议冷静地处理这个复杂的问题。
As stressful as it may be, I suggest dealing with the complex problem calmly.
2. 从文中摘录一个最喜欢的句子，参照上面的示例进行仿写运用。
略
谢谢观看
Thank you for watching(共43张PPT)
第一部分
阅读
专题二 阅读七选五
微专题3 段尾设空题
内容索引
真题导向
体系建构
对点训练
真 题 导 向
典例1 (2025全国一卷Paras.1～2)
An Unsung Hero
Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning The College Cafe has just that, and more. 36 .
Catherine Murphy, a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat, makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order. She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks. 37 D As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day？” Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn't let it get in the way of her genuine conversations.
A. The cafe closes at 9 p.m. every day.
B. She has two children aged eight and four.
C. Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.
D. After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup.
E. Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles.
F. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.
G. She has served here for 17 years and can't imagine working anywhere else.
解题分析 空前句提到College Cafe，第二段开头句提到cafe worker；空前第一句说的是这家咖啡馆的功能，第二句说不止这些，由此可分析空处会继续补充说明more指什么。E项“这家咖啡馆不仅提供饮品，还传递着微笑”提到关于微笑服务的内容，并用not only … (but) also …体现了语义上的递进，故选E。
典例2 (2025全国二卷Para.2)
● You'll feel like you have more time.
People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. 37 .
A. Helping the community lowers rates of depression.
B. Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need.
C. Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers.
D. Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice.
E. For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits.
F. You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn't know about before.
G. Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day.
解题分析 上文指出人们认为自己太忙，难以去做志愿服务，研究却发现志愿服务让人感觉时间更多。由此可知，本段最后一句应继续解释这一现象的原因；而且结合本段小标题，空处应与时间有关。故G项“志愿服务可以提升效能感，从而让人更高效地利用时间”能衔接上文，且贴合主题。
体 系 建 构
技巧(一) 段落过渡句
例1 (2023全国甲卷Paras.1～2)
Tricks To Becoming A More Patient Person
Here's a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There is one answer. 36 .
In the Digital Age, we're used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we'd be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience
解题分析 上文先提出问题，再说有一个答案，所以空处应该具体说说答案是什么。前面问的是几种情况的共同点，各选项中，只有G项总结了前面几种情况，并且G项中的patience引出了下文的话题，顺畅过渡到第二段。故G项“这些都是我们需要一点额外的耐心的情况”符合语境。
例2 (2023北京卷Paras.1～3)
It's a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. 35 .
When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they're often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. 36 F .
Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities.
A. Higher education has achieved its true potential.
B. Therefore, it's not highly valued in hiring or promotion.
C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.
D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.
E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F. They're even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.
G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.
解题分析 根据空前内容可知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时，经常求助于排名系统；而根据第二段第一句可知，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名的考虑因素，所以推断空处应引出排名存在的问题。D项“然而，排名忽略了一个关键因素：教学质量”承上启下，且选项中的the quality of teaching和第二段首句中的teaching excellence都指教学质量，是词汇复现。故选D。
【方法总结】段末设空可能是考查承上启下的段落过渡句，这时要先找表逻辑关系的衔接词，再结合词汇复现等原则答题。
技巧(二) 补充信息句
例 (2025浙江1月卷Para.6)
Consider the best method to deliver your message.
If the information you're communicating isn't urgent, consider sending an email. Written communication will give your audience more time to review it, think it over, and follow up with questions. 40 .
A. Be patient.
B. Get the audience involved.
C. The best messages are often simple.
D. Speak directly to what matters to them.
E. You may be surprised by what your listeners offer.
F. It will also give them a handy record to refer back to.
G. As the speaker, you already know what you're going to say.
解题分析 上文说明了发邮件这种书面沟通的好处。各选项中，只有F项“它还会给他们提供一个方便查阅的记录”进一步补充了发邮件的另一个好处，与前一句属于承接关系。选项中It指代上文“发邮件”这件事，与上文逻辑紧密。故选F。
【方法总结】段末设空还有可能是对上文内容进行补充说明，这时要选择补充信息的语句。
技巧(三) 总结句
例 (2022新高考Ⅰ卷Para.5)
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. 39 .
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You'll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
解题分析 根据上文可知，本段作者以自己的锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以G项“任何寻找锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息”是对上文内容的总结，符合语境。
【方法总结】当段落结尾出现设空时，该处很可能要填入结论性或概括性语句。解题时应快速浏览选项，注意选项中是否出现表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如so、therefore、hence、thus、as a result、in short、in a word、all in all、to sum up、to conclude等，快速缩小选择范围，再根据段落主题一致性原则，确定正确选项。
对 点 训 练
A(2025福建福九联盟三模)
限时：7分钟
A. Cliveden isn't a famous holiday place.
B. Rather, its beauty is reserved for the locals only.
C. I've been impressed by British humor all the time.
D. They tend to prefer places with a strong reputation.
E. But the more I looked, the more I saw its quiet elegance.
F. Over the years, I've become familiar with British modesty.
G. This mix makes me appreciate the unusual beauty of Cliveden.
Standing on a hill at Cliveden Gardens on a sunny winter day, I was stunned by its dark-green lake surrounded by centuries-old trees. 1 It's just a local park near London that I'd never heard of during my eight years living in the UK. As I admired the serene garden, it taught me a lesson about the British culture of understatement.
“The English landscape is more beautiful because its beauty is understated，” my friend Will said to me later as we walked through an exhibition at Tate Britain. He pointed to a painting of a peaceful countryside. “This is the landscape I grew up with，” he said. Unlike grand waterfalls or wild forests, this scenery doesn't shout about its beauty. 2 .
A
E
I wonder if Chinese tourists will explore beyond London. 3 Indeed, Oxford and Cambridge and the beloved Lake District National Park are some iconic symbols of Britain. But it would be a pity if they miss out on the lesser-known parts of the English landscape.
4 I remember a straight-A classmate once telling me he “survived exams” and another friend from Oxford introducing himself as “studying in the countryside”. This modesty also has its mirror in Chinese culture. I remember my parents telling me to work hard but not to brag about my achievements. Chinese culture is full of proverbs such as “real gold will shine sooner or later”， to encourage long-term dedication to one's chosen area of expertise.
D
F
Experiencing both cultures, I've realized that the English and Chinese both express achievements with understatement. 5 It reflects the unspoken charm in both British and Chinese traditions. And it's an off-the-beaten-path attraction well worth exploration.
【语篇导读】本文是议论文(人与自然)。文章主要描述了克莱夫登花园的美丽以及花园带给作者的感悟。
G
1 【解析】段中设空。上文描写站在克莱夫登花园的一座小山上所看到的景色，引出文章讨论的对象。根据下文“It's just a local park”可知，下文是对空处的补充信息，空处也应讲克莱夫登花园是个什么样的地方。故A项“克莱夫登不是一个著名的度假胜地”符合语境，下文是对它的进一步解释和佐证。
2 【解析】段尾设空。上文作者引用朋友的话，从朋友的角度来阐述英国的风景是低调含蓄的。但下一段开头的I说明陈述角度变化了。所以空处应既总结上文，又能引出I的视角。故E项“但我看得越多，就越能看到它宁静的优雅”开头的But将上文朋友的客观描述引向这里作者的主观感受，符合语境。
3 【解析】段中设空。上文提出作者的疑问，又引入中国游客的视角。下文句说牛津大学、剑桥大学以及深受人们喜爱的湖区国家公园是英国的标志性象征，Indeed说明空处表达的意思应和下文一致。故D项“他们往往更喜欢知名的地方”既回答了作者关于中国游客的旅游习惯问题，其观点也和下文一致，与下文属于逻辑上的顺承关系，其中的They指代上文的Chinese tourists，又呼应段末句中的they，符合语境。
4 【解析】段首设空。本段通过举例阐述了英国人和中国人共有的谦逊的特质，由此可知，空处需涉及这一主题。故F项“这些年来，我已经熟悉了英国人的谦逊”可以引出下文的例子，符合语境。
5 【解析】段中设空。上文提出作者经历了这两种文化，意识到中国人和英国人都低调表达成就。下文的句子主语为It，根据代词指代原则，可以确定It代指选项中的某个名词。故G项“这种文化共鸣使我得以领略克莱夫登不同寻常的美”符合语境，This mix承接上文，Cliveden即下文It的指代对象。
【词汇拓展】
①serene adj. 宁静的
②understatement n. 低调说法
③brag about one's achievements 吹嘘某人的成就
1. Para.4: Chinese culture is full of proverbs such as “real gold will shine sooner or later”, to encourage long-term dedication to one's chosen area of expertise. (be full of sth＋具体例子＋to do说明目的或作用)
仿写：中国文化中有许多谚语，比如“慢工出细活”，是激励人们在追求目标时保持毅力和耐心。
Chinese culture is full of sayings like “slow and steady wins the race”, to inspire perseverance and patience in pursuing one's goals.
2. 从文中摘录一个最喜欢的句子，参照上面的示例进行仿写运用。
略
B(2025湖南张家界综合模拟二)
限时：7分钟
A. It is exactly what it sounds like.
B. However, this does not mean that AI is not necessary.
C. Frankly speaking, students have their own disadvantages, too.
D. Students long for the student-teacher bond, cooperation, and love.
E. Luckily, the good news is that AI shows more respect for teachers.
F. These drawbacks can be corrected, though, through proper monitoring.
G. It fails to simplify problems students have unless it's programmed to do so.
Will AI Replace Teachers
The AI teacher is also known as the mechanical teacher. 6 It's a computer or machine that can teach a student according to the level it's programmed to teach.
While the thought of a reliable computer teaching your child might seem promising, an AI cannot adapt its teaching to its student during the mid-lesson or read its student's emotions, as a human teacher can. 7 It also cannot inspire its students as a human teacher can. The biggest benefit of the human teacher is that he or she gives students human connections they need.
A
G
There are some who believe that teachers will be completely replaced by robots by the year 2027. Human teachers do carry with them some disadvantages. Some teachers can be of poor character. Others can have a compromising character or not be as knowledgeable about particular subjects as they should be. 8 .
If you ask anyone the top qualities of a good teacher, an AI cannot meet these standards. They include a friendly attitude, listening skills, a respectful attitude, a strong work ethic, patience, discipline skills, and so forth. AI cannot replace teachers. They cannot give a child what he or she needs. 9 .
F
D
10 It makes the human teacher's job easier and helps him or her to be more efficient. This added efficiency allows him or her the time he or she needs to work more one-on-one with students to provide more adaptability and understanding for them. The two things are what an AI teacher would struggle to provide.
【语篇导读】本文是议论文(人与社会)。文章围绕“人工智能是否会取代教师”展开讨论，指出人工智能有局限，无法取代教师，但它能辅助教师工作，让教学更高效。
B
6 【解析】段中设空。上文提出人工智能教师的概念，下文进一步阐述人工智能教师的功能，故空处也应围绕人工智能教师展开。A项“顾名思义”既承接上文，又引出下文对其功能的具体阐述，符合语境。
7 【解析】段中设空。上文阐述了人工智能教师的局限性，下文继续陈述人工智能教师的不足，下文的also是一个提示词，说明空处与之属于并列关系。G项“除非被编程这样做，否则它无法简化学生遇到的问题”与上下文内容构成并列关系，共同说明人工智能教师不如人类教师的方面。
8 【解析】段尾设空。分析上文可知，上文指出人类教师存在的一些缺点。结合下文可知，本文的主旨是人工智能无法取代教师。所以可推测空处应该总结上文，且有语义的转折。F项“不过，这些缺点可以通过适当的监督来纠正”符合语境，逻辑合理。
9 【解析】段尾设空。段首句总起提出论点“人工智能达不到优秀教师的标准”；接着列举了人工智能无法替代老师的一些品质；然后再次重申“人工智能无法取代教师。它们无法给予孩子所需的东西”。D项“学生渴望师生之间的情谊、合作和关爱”具体说明了孩子们需要什么，符合语境。
10 【解析】 段首设空。分析可知，下文说明人工智能对人类教师工作有帮助。B项“然而，这并不意味着人工智能是不必要的”承上启下，符合语境。
【词汇拓展】
①program v. 设定程序
②compromising adj. 有失体面的；不宜泄露的
③work ethic 职业道德
【长难句分析】
This added efficiency allows him or her the time he or she needs to work more one-on-one with students to provide more adaptability and understanding for them.(Para.5)
分析：本句为主从复合句。主句为主谓宾宾结构，其中he or she needs to work more one-on-one with students为定语从句修饰先行词time。
句意：这种提高的效率使他或她有更多时间与学生一对一地合作，为他们提供更多的适应性和理解。
1. Para.4: They include a friendly attitude, listening skills, a respectful attitude, a strong work ethic, patience, discipline skills, and so forth. (平行结构)
仿写：作为一名学生领袖,我展现出友好、尊重的态度,强大的倾听能力和扎实的工作作风,这些帮助我高效地组织活动并维持和谐的环境。
As a student leader, I demonstrate a friendly and respectful attitude, strong listening skills, and a solid work ethic, which help me efficiently organize activities and maintain a harmonious environment.
2. 从文中摘录一个最喜欢的句子，参照上面的示例进行仿写运用。
略
谢谢观看
Thank you for watching(共44张PPT)
第一部分
阅读
专题二 阅读七选五
微专题1 段首设空题
内容索引
真题导向
体系建构
对点训练
真 题 导 向
典例1 (2025全国二卷Paras.2～5)
● You'll feel like you have more time.
…
● You can live longer if you volunteer regularly.
…
● 39 .
Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren't just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen's well-being in the years to come.
● You'll have more time with family.
…
A. Helping the community lowers rates of depression.
B. Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need.
C. Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers.
D. Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice.
E. For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits.
F. You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn't know about before.
G. Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day.
解题分析 我们需要通读此段，来选择一个最恰当的标题。本空为分论点3的标题，根据下文两句话中的关键词effects可知，本段强调的是志愿服务对于青少年的益处，并且第二句中aren't just short-term和affect a teen's对应C项中的a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers。因此，C项“志愿服务对于青少年和孩子的一生都有积极影响”最具有概括性，也最恰当。选标题时，形式一致只是帮助缩小选择范围，最重要的是内容匹配。本题干扰项F，虽然句子结构与其他小标题一致，但句意与下文段落内容不匹配，故排除。
典例2 (2024新课标Ⅰ卷Paras.2～3)
I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). … I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
38 It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
A. I don't often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don't want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.
解题分析 利用段首句的概括功能，并联系上一段提到字典的相关内容可知，本段是对纸质词典功能进行进一步阐释。此外，结合下文“It should give you a precise definition of each word”中代词的指代关系可知，It对应E项“当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的”里的a dictionary。
体 系 建 构
技巧(一) 形似加内容匹配，确定段落标题句
例 (2024新课标Ⅱ卷)
Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help
…
● Choose mindfully. …
● Get creative. …
● 39 Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You'll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower.
…
A. Visit during off-peak times.
B. So, should we stop traveling
C. Travel for you and no one else.
D. Can overtourism be avoided then
E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F. You'll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G. Consider giving back to the communities you're visiting.
解题分析 首先考虑结构与其他标题的一致性。其他标题是祈使句形式，所以空处也是祈使句。A、C、G三个选项都符合。再看下文内容，空后强调旅游时要注意避开高峰期，选择合适的时间，所以A项“在非高峰时间参观”最能概括这一段的内容。
【方法总结】
段落 标题句 观察其他段落标题的句式结构
根据结构一致性原则，缩小选择范围，再根据内容匹配
“结构一致性原则”指所有小标题三个层面的基本统一：形式格式(如，都是祈使句或名词短语或其他)，逻辑层级(如，都讲方法或都讲原因)，表述风格(如正式程度、简洁度、人称等)
标题多为短小精悍的选项，如名词词组、动词-ing短语或祈使句
技巧(二) 根据段落一致，确定段落主题句
例 (2024全国甲卷Paras.4～5)
Control emotional(情绪的) eating. 39 B Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings.
40 A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism(新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14－16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight.
A. Eat properly throughout the day.
B. We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger.
C. Don't swallow a meal on the way to work.
D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat.
E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices.
F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now.
G. That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
解题分析 根据下文breakfast、dinner等信息可知，本段是关于一天的饮食建议，包括早晚餐以及吃饭时间。根据段落一致性原则可知，A项“全天合理饮食”最能概括下文的信息。本题干扰项为E，E项中healthy与下文A healthy breakfast属于原词复现，但本段与上文是并列关系，而Instead与上文之间是转折关系，逻辑不一致，故排除。注意，本段fast for 14－16 hours中的fast做动词，意思是“斋戒”。
【方法总结】
段落主题句 根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关词，推断出主题句
段落一致性原则(Paragraph Coherence Principle)：一个完整的段落内，所有句子都围绕同一核心主题展开，核心内容一致，且句子间的逻辑、话题、情感基调、论述对象都保持统一，不出现与主题无关的“偏离内容”或“突兀信息”
锁定线索信号词，从选项中查找线索词的同义词、近义词或关联词
主题句与上下文在意思上紧密衔接，在内容上连贯且符合逻辑
技巧(三) 瞻前顾后，确定段落过渡句
例 (2024北京卷Paras.1～3)
If you want to develop maximum credibility(可信性), is it better to be a hedgehog(刺猬) or a fox According to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things.
Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. 35 G And they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors that lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. 36 C The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies.
37 Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions.
A. In other words, there are clear advantages for each.
B. They are more likely to remember people's mistakes.
C. Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence.
D. But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing.
E. However, hedgehogs remain open to others' reactions and inputs.
F. When something is contradictory to their view, they don't treat it as exceptional.
G. They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position.
解题分析 第二段通过引用Jim Hart的观点证明“刺猬型”思维方法优于“狐狸型”思维方法，第三段引用Philip Tate的研究论证“刺猬型”思考方式的缺点，由此可知上下文之间是转折关系。因此D项中的But符合这一逻辑，且D项“但是，把注意力集中在一件大事上可能会有不利的一面”与下文内容一致，故选D。干扰项E“然而，刺猬对其他人的反应和输入保持开放的态度”看似也在转折，但是仍在说明“刺猬型”思维方法的人的优点，与下文内容不符，故排除。
【方法总结】
段落过渡句 先读上一段内容，尤其是上一段结尾内容
再结合空处所在段内容，根据逻辑一致，选择能使两段内容连贯的选项
对 点 训 练
A(2025湖南天一联考)
限时：7分钟
A. Take calculated risks.
B. Avoid any risk to stay safe.
C. Match your actions with your words.
D. Good communication skills can set you apart.
E. You can write down things you're thankful for each day.
F. You can strengthen your character by attempting to relate to others.
G. If you are typically afraid to speak out, try to let your voice be heard.
Nowadays, being mentally strong is as important as being physically energetic. This guide outlines practical strategies to develop inner strength, enabling you to become a purposeful and empathetic(有同理心的) individual.
Stick to integrity.
Integrity forms the foundation of strong character. 1 This way, you can stay faithful to your core values. For instance, if integrity matters to you, resist the temptation to cheat during exams despite peer influence. Consistency between principles and behavior promotes self-respect and stability.
C
2 .
Embrace strategic risks rather than make impulsive(冲动的) decisions. Suppose you've dreamed of starting your own photography business. It probably doesn't make sense to suddenly quit your job and depend on a brand new business. Don't dive headfirst into something before weighing the risks and the benefits. Try looking for photography jobs on the weekend first.
A
Practice empathy and gratitude.
Put yourself in someone else's shoes. 3 When a roommate struggles with homesickness, reflect: “How would I feel in their position？” Gratitude naturally accompanies empathy. Don’t hesitate to acknowledge others‘ kindness. For example, “I really appreciate that you brought me some chicken soup when I was sick.” What's more, maintaining a gratitude diary can enhance emotional awareness and strengthen relationships. 4 .
F
E
Take on leadership roles.
You can build your character by taking on more responsibility. It will help expand your knowledge and give you a new perspective. Begin with self-reflection: examine how you currently communicate. 5 On the contrary, actively listen and thoughtfully respond if you are typically vocal. Being open-minded allows you to gain new knowledge and perspectives. Make sure that you actively communicate with your team, and value everyone's contributions. Good leaders know that empowering others is a great way to uplift everyone.
Building your character is a lifelong journey. Commit to the principles above, and watch your influence—and inner peace—flourish.
【语篇导读】本文是说明文(人与自我)。文章主要介绍了培养内在力量、塑造良好品格的几种方法。
G
1 【解析】段中设空。上文是提出这个策略的原因，即“正直是坚强品格的基础”，下文强调结果“通过这种方式，你可以坚守你的核心价值观”，并且本段最后一句强调“行为与原则的一致性”。由此可知，空处应该解释如何坚持正直。分析所有选项可知，C项“言行一致”符合语境。
2 【解析】段首设空。本段主要讲要权衡利弊后，再去承担风险，根据一致性原则可知，A项“承担经过计算的风险”符合段落主旨，适合做本段小标题。
3 【解析】段中设空。根据上文“Put yourself in someone else's shoes.”以及下文“When a roommate struggles with homesickness, reflect: ‘How would I feel in their position？’”可知，这里在讲通过理解他人来强化品格。F项“你可以通过尝试与他人建立联系来强化你的品格”符合语境。
4 【解析】段尾设空。根据一致性原则并总结上文可知，空处应该进一步说明写感恩日记的方式，与上文提到的感恩日记相呼应。E项“你可以每天写下你感激的事情”符合语境。
5 【解析】段中设空。根据下文“On the contrary, actively listen and thoughtfully respond if you are typically vocal.”可知，这里在说另一种沟通情况：如果你很健谈，那就认真倾听并深思熟虑后给出回应。G项“如果你通常害怕说出来，试着让别人听到你的声音”与下文On the contrary引出的内容形成对比，符合语境。
【词汇拓展】
①integrity n. 正直
②dive headfirst into 一头扎进……
③flourish vi. 繁荣
1. Para.5: You can build your character by taking on more responsibility. (take on responsibility)
仿写：承担责任需要勇气和担当，这对个人成长和职业成功都至关重要。
Taking on responsibility, which is essential for personal growth and professional success, requires courage and commitment.
2. 从文中摘录一个最喜欢的句子，参照上面的示例进行仿写运用。
略
B(2025江苏南通如皋三模)
限时：7分钟
A. This tendency to voice opinions can create tension.
B. For some, this belief becomes an urge to “correct” others.
C. These individuals often feel a responsibility to educate others.
D. Some people might also be driven by a need for status or control.
E. People often feel confident in their judgments, even without enough evidence.
F. People with limited knowledge in an area tend to overestimate their knowledge.
G. But why do some people assume they know more about every subject than anyone
We‘ve all encountered a “know-it-all”—someone who eagerly lectures on any topic, regardless of expertise, often frustrating those who actually know better. 6 .
One explanation is “naive realism”， the idea that people naturally believe their view of the world reflects objective truth. In reality, all perceptions are shaped by personal biases(偏见), memories, and emotions, creating a unique perspective for each individual. Yet many fail to recognize this, assuming that anyone who sees things differently is simply wrong. 7 .
G
B
Another potential cognitive bias at work is the “illusion(错觉) of information adequacy”. 8 For instance, someone who sees a classmate avoiding sports might assume they're just lazy, without considering other reasons, such as an injury. This illusion leads some to believe they know more than they actually do.
E
9 Expressing opinions can be a way of establishing superiority and a sense of dominance in social settings. There‘s also the Dunning-Kruger effect, which is cognitive bias. 10 Their lack of insight prevents them from recognizing when others have more knowledge than they do. As a result, they may confidently argue their points, even against experts. Ultimately, a know-it-all's behavior may come from a combination of biases and social needs. Ironically, to become a know-it-all, one must truly know too little.
【语篇导读】本文是说明文(人与社会)。文章主要分析了为何一些人会成为“万事通”，探讨了背后的心理学原因及认知偏差。
D
F
6 【解析】段尾设空。本段解释了“万事通”这一类人的特点，并且说明这些人会让人恼火。下一段则开始解释为什么会出现这种现象，由此可分析出空处应是一个过渡句，引出下文对这种现象的解释。G项“但是为什么有些人会认为自己比任何人都更了解每一个话题呢？”以提问形式引出对“万事通”这类人行为动机的探讨，符合语境，起到了承上启下的作用。
7 【解析】段尾设空。上文说明许多人认为任何与自己观点不同的人都是错的。B项“对一些人来说，这种信念变成了一种‘纠正’他人的冲动”中的this belief指代上文“认为自己正确”的心态，且与上文中的“assuming that anyone who sees things differently is simply wrong”相呼应，进一步解释了这种信念会导致人们产生什么样的行为，即想要“纠正”他人。
8 【解析】段中设空。上文说明另一种潜在的认知偏差是“信息充足错觉”。下文举例说明了这种错觉的具体表现，空处应是对“信息充足错觉”的进一步解释。E项“人们常常对自己的判断感到自信，即使没有足够的证据”直接解释了“信息不足却自信判断”的核心特征，与“错觉”的定义及例子高度契合，符合语境。
9 【解析】段首设空。下文说明表达观点可能是为了确立优越感和控制感，因此空处应是一个总起句，引出下文关于人们发表意见的动机的讨论。D项“有些人也可能是出于对地位或控制的需要”中的status or control与下文superiority and a sense of dominance形成同义替换，揭示了社交需求(地位、控制欲)的驱动作用，引出新的原因维度，符合语境。
10 【解析】段中设空。上文说明一种认知偏差“达克效应”。下文解释了“达克效应”的具体表现，空处应是对“达克效应”的进一步描述。F项“在某一领域知识有限的人往往会高估自己的知识”描述了“达克效应”的一个典型特征，符合语境。
【词汇拓展】
①expertise n. 专业知识
②ironically adv. 讽刺的是
【长难句分析】
In reality, all perceptions are shaped by personal biases, memories, and emotions, creating a unique perspective for each individual. (Para.2)
分析：本句为简单句。creating …为现在分词短语做结果状语。
句意：实际上，所有的感知都受到个人偏见、记忆和情感的影响，从而为每个人塑造出独特的视角。
1. Para.3: For instance, someone who sees a classmate avoiding sports might assume they're just lazy, without considering other reasons, such as an injury. (without doing …)
仿写：他在没有咨询任何人的情况下自行做出了决定，既展现了自信，也体现了他愿意冒险的勇气。
Without consulting anyone, he made the decision on his own, demonstrating both his confidence and his willingness to take risks.
2. 从文中摘录一个最喜欢的句子，参照上面的示例进行仿写运用。
略
谢谢观看
Thank you for watching
