Unit 1 Time to Relax Section B 知识清单及练习（含答案）人教版（2024）八年级英语下册

Unit 1 Time to Relax
Section B How can a hobby improve your life 知识点
一、单元词汇
单词 Section B1. v. 减少2. n. 精神压力，紧张3. n. 瑜伽4. n. 物品，宾语5. n. 教练，指导者6. adj. 意大利的，意大利人的，意大利语的 n. 意大利人，意大利语7. n.程序设计员8. v. 使...成为可能，允许9. n. 感觉，感官10. n. 成就11. n. 硬币12. n.邮票13. adj. 青少年的14. n. 明信片15. adv. 相当，更准确地说16. adj. 过时的，守旧的17. adj. 外国的，国外的18. n.建议，提议19. n. 失败20. v. 激励，鼓舞21. adj. 严厉的，严格的22. adv. 出人意料地，惊人地 23. n. 舞台，阶段24. adv. 重要地
短语 Section B1. 缓解压力，减少压力2. 学习一项新技能3. 对......有好处4. 消磨时间，打发时间5. 冷静，镇定6. 体力爱好，身体运动类爱好7. 保持健康8. 比如，例如9. 同时10. 制作手机应用程序11. 成就感12. 张贴，建造, 举起13. 梦想，想象14. 未来，将来15. 开始从事，开始做，占据16 擅长，善于17. 发现你创造性的一面18. 克服我的恐惧19. 到目前为止20. 数以百计的21. 在舞台上22. 毕竟23. 看电影24. 看功夫电影25. 听音乐26. 担忧，担心27. 全家外出游玩
二、单元重点、难点、考点精讲
Section B
【考点1】When work or school is over，what do you do to pass the time？
【解析】
（1）pass 动词 过去式：passed
走过，通过，进过
I passed him in the street but he didn't say hello. 我在街上从他身旁进过，可他没打招呼。
②把....递过，把...递给...
常见搭配：pass sb. sth = pass sth to sb.
Pass me the salt，please.
Pass the salt to me，please.
③(时间）推移，逝去，消磨，度过
Six months passed and we still had no news of them. 半年了，我们仍然没有他的消息。
How did you pass the evening？你怎么打发那个晚上的？
④ 及格，合格
She hasn’t passed her driving test. 她还没通过驾考。
【拓展】pass还可做名词
a boarding pass 登机牌
You need a pass to get into the factory. 你需要通行证才能进厂。
【考点2】Reading or listening to music can help us to calm down after a busy day.
【解析】
(1)动名词作主语
指动名词是由动词原形加 -ing 构成，它既有动词的特征，又有名词的特征。当动名词在句子中承担主语这一成分时，就叫做动名词作主语。
①可以由动名词单独作主语，如
Swimming is good for your health.
②动名词构成的短语作主语，如
Collecting stamps from different countries is a challenging but interesting task.
③用 it 作形式主语，动名词作真正主语的情况,
当动名词作主语的句子较长，或者为了避免句子头重脚轻时，常用“it”作形式主语，将真正的主语动名词后置。常见的句型有：
It is + no use/no good/useless + doing sth
It is + a waste of time + doing sth
(2)动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的区别:
表达含义的侧重点不同：
动名词作主语通常表示抽象的、一般性的行为或经验；而动词不定式作主语多表示具体的、一次性的行为或未发生的动作。
例如“Reading aloud is helpful for learning languages.（大声朗读对学习语言有帮助）”，这里用动名词“Reading aloud”作主语，强调的是大声朗读这种一般性的学习行为；
“To read this book tonight is my plan.（今晚读这本书是我的计划）”，用动词不定式“To read this book tonight”作主语，强调的是今晚具体要做的这一次读书的动作。
（3）主谓一致问题
动名词作主语时，无论其结构是动名词单独作主语还是动名词短语作主语，谓语动词都要用单数形式。
Playing computer games for a long time makes him feel tired.
【考点3】Physical hobbies , such as playing tennis or doing Yoga，can help us to
keep fit.
【解析】
(1).such as 与 for example的区别
核心区别：
for example后接完整句子（需用逗号隔开，可放句首/中/末），such as后接名词/短语（无逗号，仅放被举例成分后）。
for example：举例更独立，“比如”，例：I love fruits—for example, apples are my favorite.
such as：举例是整体的一部分，“像……这样的”，例：I love fruits such as apples and bananas.

核心差异
对比维度 for example such as
引出内容 一个完整的句子或具体实例 名词或名词性短语
位置灵活性 非常灵活，可置于句首、句中或句末 相对固定，必须紧跟在其所说明的概括性词语之后
逗号使用 通常需要逗号与主句隔开（作为插入语） 其后一般不加逗号
核心功能 举例论证一个观点或情况 罗列同类事物中的几个例子
We have several different lessons every day, such as Chinese, maths, English, and so on.
我们每天上不同的课，如语文，数学，英语等。
Jim is a kind person, for example, he often helps others in trouble.
吉姆是一个好心人，例如，他经常帮助陷入困境的人。
(2). fit 常见用法：
作形容词，比较级fitter，最高级fittest
①合适的，适合的 常见搭配:be fit for 适合... be fit to do sth
Do you think he is fit for the job？你认为他适合这项工作吗？
The house are not fit to live in.
②健康的，健壮的（尤指固定定期锻炼）
My family keep fit by walking 我家人通过散步来保持健康。
作动词，过去式：fitted 现在分词：fitting
①（形状，尺寸）合身，适合
I can’t find the clothes to fit me. 我找不到合身的衣服。
②可容纳，装进
Can you fit one more person in the car？你车上能再做一个人吗？
做名词,适合，合身 a good fit 合身
【考点4】Instead，this Italian teenager finds it fun to make mobile phone apps.
【解析】
(1)instead和instead of的用法区分：
instead和instead of都可以译成“代替”，
区别是：instead只能单独使用，常位于句首或者句尾。instead of后面要跟名词、动名词、代词或者介词短语。
He is very tired, let me go instead.他很累，让我去吧。
Shall we have fish instead of eggs today 我们今天不吃鸡蛋改吃鱼好吗？
（2）sb. find it +adj. to do sth. 某人发现做某事是......，it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的不定式，形容词作宾语补足语。
I found it difficult to learn English well. 我发现学好英语很难。
拓展：当句子的 “真正宾语”（通常是不定式 to do、动名词 doing 或宾语从句）太长时，为了避免句子头重脚轻，用 it 代替真正宾语，放在谓语动词后，而真正宾语移到句子末尾。
I find it easy to learn English with study partners.（我发现和学习伙伴一起学英语很容易）（真正宾语为不定式）
He finds it fun programming in his free time.（他发现在空闲时间编程很有趣（真正主语为动名词）We think it a pity that he didn’t join the English club.（我们认为他没加入英语俱乐部很遗憾。）（真正宾语为一个句子）
常有此用法的动词：
find（发现）、think（认为）、feel（觉得）、consider（认为）、make（使）、believe（相信）、regard（把…… 看作）等。
She thinks it important to practice speaking every day.（她认为每天练习口语很重要。）
Luca makes it his hobby to make mobile phone apps.（卢卡把制作手机应用程序当作自己的爱好。）
【考点5】 He started programming when he was ten, after he read about famous businessmen who started out as programmers
【解析】
1.start out的用法：
①起初是；开始时是（表身份、状态的初始阶段）
常见搭配：start out as + 身份
She started out as a painter, but later she fell in love with making mobile phone apps.（她起初是一名画家，但后来爱上了制作手机应用程序。）
②着手做；开始进行
常见搭配：start out to do sth.
I started out to learn English when I was 6 years old.（我 6 岁时就开始学英语了。)
2.who started out as programmers，此句who为一个关系代词，代替前面的businessman，为定语从句。
【考点6】His latest app allows people around the world to find study partners for learning Italian.
【解析】
allow准许，允许 动词，过去式: allowed
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人作某事
His parents won’t allow him to stay out late.
他父母不允许他在外面待到很晚。
allow doing sth 允许作某事
Our school doesn't allow using mobile phones at school.
【考点7】It gives me such a sense of achievement to see people using the app.
【解析】
(1)sense
作名词，
①感觉官能（即视，听，嗅，味，触觉）五觉 a sense of smell 嗅觉 a sixth sense 第六感
②感觉，意识 a sense of humour 幽默感
作动词，感觉到，意识到，察觉出
He sensed something move in bushes. 他觉得灌木林里有什么东西动弹。
achievement 名词，成就，功绩
the greatest scientific achievement 最伟大的科技成就
【拓展】achieve 动词形式 实现，获得，达到
He finally achieved success. 他最终取得了成功。
【考点8】she liked it so much that she put it up on her bedroom wall
【解析】
1.so...that的用法：
①so + 形容词（adj.） + that + 从句
The mobile phone app is so useful that many students use it to study.（这款手机应用如此实用，以至于很多学生用它学习）
②so + 副词（adv.） + that + 从句
He studies so hard that he always gets good grades.（他学习如此努力，以至于总能取得好成绩。）
③so + 形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数 + that + 从句（修饰单数名词）
It is so interesting a book that I read it twice.（这是一本如此有趣的书，以至于我读了两遍。
④so + many/few + 可数名词复数 + that ... （修饰数量）
There were so many people that we couldn't get in.（人太多了，我们进不去。）
so + much/little + 不可数名词 + that ... （修饰数量）
he has so much work that she has to work overtime.（她有这么多工作，以至于必须加班。）
put up的用法：
①张贴；公布（海报 / 通知 / 照片等）
She put up her favorite singer’s photo on the wall of her bedroom.（她把最喜欢的歌手照片贴在卧室墙上。
②举起；抬起（手 / 物品等）
put up one’s hand（举手，固定搭配）
He put up his bag to protect his head from the rain.（他举起书包保护头部不被雨淋。）
③搭建；建造（帐篷 / 架子 / 房屋等）
We put up a tent by the lake when we went camping last weekend.（上周末露营时，我们在湖边搭起了帐篷。）
【考点9】That sounds fun, but I'm worried about not being good at it.
【解析】
1.worry的用法：
作动词，过去式：worried，现在分词:worrying.
①不及物动词，worry about sth./sb.
结构：主语 + worry about + 名词 / 代词 / 动名词（doing）
He worries about failing the English exam, so he studies hard every day.（他担心英语考试不及格，所以每天努力学习）
She often worries about her study partners in foreign countries.(她经常担心国外的学习伙伴)
②作及物动词,worry sb.（使某人担心）
结构：主语 + worry + 宾语（人）
Your late arrival worried your parents very much.（你迟到让父母非常担心。)
作名词
①不可数名词：worry（担心；忧虑）
with worry（带着忧虑）/without worry（无忧无虑）He faced the exam without worry because he prepared well.（他毫无忧虑地面对考试，因为准备充分。→ 学习话题）
②可数名词：worries（烦心事；担忧的事，复数）
My main worries are English grammar and speaking—so I practice every day.（我主要的烦恼是英语语法和口语，所以我每天练习。）
形容词形式：worried
结构：be worried about sth./sb
I am worried about my English exam—can you help me （我担心我的英语考试，你能帮我吗？
【考点10】I should get over my fear of failure and just try to have fun.
【解析】
（1）failure失败，失败的人或是事情，（机器，身体等）故障，失灵等
The success or failure of the plan depends on you. 计划的成功取决于你。
She died of heart failure. 她死于心脏衰竭。
【拓展】fail 动词，失败，未能做到，不及格 常见搭配： fail to do sth 未能作到某事，做某事失败
He failed to get into art college. 他未能进入艺术学院。
How many students failed last term？ 上个学期，多少学生不及格？
（2）have fun 玩的开心，相当于have a good time
have fun (in) doing sth 做某事很开心
The children had great fun (in) playing with snow.
【考点11】One of the people who inspires me the most is my dance __
【解析】
inspire 作动词，过去式：inspired 现在分词：inspiring
核心含义有两个：
激励；鼓舞（使某人有动力做某事）；
启发；赋予灵感（使某人产生想法、创意）
名词：inspiration（灵感；鼓舞人心的人 / 事）；
形容词：inspired（受激励的；有灵感的，修饰人）
inspiring（令人激励的；鼓舞人心的，修饰事物
①inspire sth.（产生 / 激发某物)
The beautiful scenery during the trip inspired many of his poems.（旅行中的美景激发了他的很多诗作。)
②inspire sb. to do sth.（激励 / 启发某人做某事）
The famous programmer’s story inspired him to learn programming.（那位著名程序员的故事启发他学习编程）
【考点12】I didn't want to talk to my instructor about it because he seemed very strict.
【解析】
(1)seem 动词，好像，似乎，看来
seem +adj, 似乎，好像
You seem happy. 你似乎很高兴
seem to do sth 似乎，好像
My mother seems to like you. 我妈妈似乎喜欢你。
It seems/seemed that 似乎...，好像...
It seems that they know what they are doing. 看来，他们知道自己在干什么。
④seem like 好像，似乎
It seemed like a good idea at the time. 当时，似乎是一个好主意。
（2）strict 形容词，严厉的，严格的
be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格
Lily's parents are very strict with her. 丽丽的父母对她要求十分严格。
be strict about sth 对某事要求严格 be strict in sth. 较少用
My parents want me to study hard and are strict about my homework. 我父母希望我能努力学习并对我的作业要求很严。
过关检测
一.单项选择
1.--- Why do you learn painting as your hobby
--- Because it can help me _____ stress.
create B. reduce C. improve D. calm
2.--- Would you please _____ the salt to me
---OK, here it is.
A pass B borrow C develop D believe
3._______ is a good way to relax in your free time.
A. Listen to music B. Listening to music C. Listens to music D. To listening to music
4.We need to ______ a sign to tell people not to swim in the river.
A. take up B. get up C. put up D. put down
5.---Can we bring mobile phones to school
---No. Our school doesn't allow ______ mobile phones at school.
A using B used C use D uses
6.Thank you for giving me some________，it’s useful to solve the problem.
A.suggestions B.suggest C. suggestion D.advices
7. It is sunny tomorrow，and I will ride my bike ________taking the bus.
A instead B instead of C replace D rather
8.There are many kinds of pollution,________,noise is a kind of pollution.
A. like B. such as C. for example D so far
9. There are_______students in our school and ______of them are girls.
A. hundreds of, two hundred B. hundred of, two hundreds
C. hundreds of, two hundreds D hundred of two hundred
10.--- As long as you apologize(道歉） sincerely,she will probably forgive （原谅）you
--- ________! I will talk to her later.
A You are right B You are welcome C Don’t mention it D Good deal
二 单词填空
1.The children are at different s_______(阶段）of development.
2.There are so many _______(严格的，严厉的）rules for us to follow.
3. She feared the _______(失败）in exams.
4. He decided to learn a _______(国外的）language.
5. His wife want to i_______(激励）his husband to write a poem for her.
6. Some t______(青少年的）magazines are on the table.
He has been collecting ______(邮票）since he was eight.
You can be a ____ (程序设计人员）if you are interested IT technologies.
The shelves were filled with ____ （物体）of all shapes and sizes.
I didn’t fail the exam，in fact I did r_ （相当）well.
完形填空
Not only adults but also teenagers have problems in their life. Here is a survey showing the main problems of 1 .
They feel stressed because they have 2 homework to do both at school and at home. They have lots of exams 3 . And parents usually send them 4 different classes at weekends. As a result, so many of them almost become bookworms(书虫).
On holidays, they could hardly have 5 time to do what they are interested in. Now more and more teenagers 6 short-sighted(近视）. They often read in bed or keep 7 for a long time without having a rest. Some of them are crazy about playing computer games. Some 8 too much watching TV. 9 serious problem among teenagers is that many of them are becoming fat. They eat too much junk food, but they take little exercise.
I think teenagers should think of ways on how to 10 the problem. They should make a plan for study and hobbies and find time to relax as much as possible.
1. A. adult B. adults C. teenager D. teenagers
2. A. too many B. too much C. much too D. many too
3. A. join B. to be taken C. to take D. to join
4. A. to B. for C. of D. in
5. A. our own B. their own C. his own D. they own
6. A. getting B. are getting C. got D. are become
7. A. red B. read C. to read D. reading
8. A. pay B. cost C. spend D. take
9. A. Another B. Other C. Others D. Some
10. A. doing with B. do with C. dealing with D. deal with
三. 阅读理解
A
Many people have hobbies. Some like reading, some enjoy swimming, and others love painting. My hobby is gardening. I think it is a fun and relaxing activity.
I started gardening with my grandmother two years ago. She has a small garden in her backyard. At first, I just helped her water the plants. Now, I have my own little corner in the garden. I grow flowers like sunflowers and roses. I also grow some vegetables, such as tomatoes and carrots.
Gardening is not very difficult, but it needs patience. I water my plants every day. I also need to remove weeds and make sure the plants get enough sunlight. Sometimes, insects eat the leaves, so I have to find natural ways to keep them away.
I feel very happy when I see the flowers bloom or when I can eat the vegetables I grow. Gardening teaches me about nature and the importance of hard work. It makes me feel close to the earth. I love spending time in my garden. It is my favorite thing to do after school.
What is the writer's hobby
A. Reading B. Swimming C. Gardening D. Painting
Who did the writer start gardening with
A. Her mother B. Her teacher C. Her friend D. Her grandmother
What does the writer NOT do for her plants
A. Water them every day. B. Remove weeds.
C. Make sure they get enough sunlight. D. Use strong chemicals to kill insects.
How does the writer feel when she sees the flowers bloom
A. Sad and tired. B. Happy and excited. C. Bored and impatient. D. Angry and worried.
Put these events in the correct order according to the passage.
a. The writer has her own corner in the garden.
b. The writer helped her grandmother water plants.
c. The writer grows flowers and vegetables.
A. a-b-c B. b-a-c C. c-b-a D. b-c-a
B
Running is becoming popular these days. Many of us run for health. Doctors say many health problems come from these bad habits: eating and drinking too much, smoking, and not taking enough exercise. Doctors tell us, "Eat and drink less, don't smoke, and exercise more."
Running is a good form of exercise because it helps build a strong heart. It also helps most people lose weight. One 68-year-old woman runs three times a week. "I love eating," she says. She runs to lose weight.
Running is good for health in other ways, too. Many runners say running keeps away colds and other small health problems away. "Running is my doctor," says one man.
Running can also help people to relax. So today men and women of all ages enjoy running.
6. Many people enjoy running because they want to .
A. eat much B. keep healthy C. run fast D. waste time
7. Doctors tell us .
A. not to smoke B. not to exercise C. to drink much D. to eat much
8. The underlined word means " " in Chinese.
A. 疾病 B. 体重 C. 速度 D. 健康
9. The third paragraph shows .
A. running helps people to relax
B. people who like running have many health problems
C. running helps build a strong heart
D. people who like running have fewer health problems
10. The writer mainly tells us .
A. how to run
B. how to lose weight
C. running is a good way to keep healthy
D. running is better than doctor
参考答案
短语
1 reduce stress 2 learn a new skill 3 be good for 4 pass the time 5 calm down
6 physical hobbies 7 keep fit 8 for example 9 at the same time
10 make mobile phone apps 11 a sense of achievement 12 put up
13 dream of 14 in the future 15 take up 16 be good at
17 discover your creative side 18 get over my fear 19 so far 20 hundreds of
21 on stage 22 after all 23 go to the cinema
过关检测
一 单项选择
1-5 BABCA 6 ABCAA
二 单词填空
1 stages 2 strict 3 failure 4 foreign 5 inspire 6 teenage 7 stamps 8 programmer 9 objects 10 rather
三 完型填空
1-5DBCAB 6-10 BDCAD
四 阅读理解
A篇 1-5 CDDBB
B篇 6-10 B A B D C