高中英语 Unit4 Natural Disasters词汇语境记忆及检测 学案

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
人教版高中英语必修1——词汇语境记忆法
Unit4 Natural Disasters
1. The earthquake caused severe damage to buildings and infrastructure.
(重点词汇原形：earthquake 地震； damage 破坏)
(地震对建筑和基础设施造成了严重破坏。)
2. Rescue teams worked tirelessly to search for survivors under the rubble.
(重点词汇原形：rescue 救援； survivor 幸存者)
(救援队不知疲倦地在瓦砾下搜寻幸存者。)
3. A powerful tsunami followed the undersea earthquake, flooding coastal cities.
(重点词汇原形：tsunami 海啸)
(海底地震后引发了强大的海啸，淹没了沿海城市。)
4. The volcano erupted, sending ash and lava into the air.
(重点词汇原形：volcano 火山； erupt 喷发)
(火山喷发，将火山灰和岩浆抛向空中。)
5. Continuous heavy rain led to a devastating flood in the region.
(重点词汇原形：flood 洪水)
(持续暴雨导致了该地区毁灭性的洪水。)
6. The hurricane brought strong winds and heavy rain, causing widespread destruction.
(重点词汇原形：hurricane 飓风； destruction 毁灭)
(飓风带来了强风暴雨，造成了大规模的破坏。)
7. Many people became homeless after the disaster destroyed their houses.
(重点词汇原形：homeless 无家可归的； disaster 灾难)
(灾难摧毁了他们的房屋后，许多人变得无家可归。)
8. Aid organizations provided food, water, and medical supplies to the victims.
(重点词汇原形：aid 援助； supply 物资； victim 受害者)
(援助组织向受害者提供了食物、水和医疗物资。)
9. The government issued an emergency warning before the storm hit.
(重点词汇原形：emergency 紧急情况； warning 警告)
(政府在风暴来袭前发布了紧急警告。)
10. A massive landslide blocked the only road to the mountain village.
(重点词汇原形：landslide 滑坡/泥石流)
(大规模的山体滑坡阻塞了通往山村的唯一道路。)
11. The drought lasted for months, leading to crop failure and water shortages.
(重点词汇原形：drought 干旱)
(干旱持续了数月，导致作物歉收和用水短缺。)
12. Evacuation orders were given to move people to shelters before the flood arrived.
(重点词汇原形：evacuation 疏散； shelter 避难所)
(在洪水到来前，下达了将人们转移到避难所的疏散命令。)
13. The aftershock frightened people who were already traumatized by the main quake.
(重点词汇原形：aftershock 余震)
(余震吓坏了那些已被主震创伤的人们。)
14. The wildfire spread quickly through the dry forest, fueled by strong winds.
(重点词汇原形：wildfire 野火/山火)
(山火在强风助长下迅速蔓延过干燥的森林。)
15. Early preparation and a good plan can reduce the impact of a natural disaster.
(重点词汇原形：preparation 准备； plan 计划)
(早期的准备和良好的计划可以减少自然灾害的影响。)
16. The death toll from the typhoon rose to over a hundred.
(重点词汇原形：death toll 死亡人数； typhoon 台风)
(台风的死亡人数上升至超过一百人。)
munication lines were cut off, making it difficult to coordinate rescue efforts.
(重点词汇原形：communication 通讯； cut off 切断； rescue 救援)
(通讯线路被切断，使得协调救援工作变得困难。)
18. Scientists monitor seismic activity to predict potential earthquakes.
(重点词汇原形：scientist 科学家； predict 预测； earthquake 地震)
(科学家监测地震活动以预测潜在的地震。)
19. The survivors were trapped in their homes by the rising floodwater.
(重点词汇原形：survivor 幸存者； trap 困住)
(幸存者们被上涨的洪水困在家中。)
20. International aid began to pour into the disaster-stricken country.
(重点词汇原形：aid 援助； pour into 涌入)
(国际援助开始涌入这个受灾国。)
21. The tornado destroyed everything in its path within minutes.
(重点词汇原形：tornado 龙卷风； destroy 摧毁)
(龙卷风在几分钟内摧毁了其路径上的一切。)
22. Providing psychological support is crucial for victims after a traumatic event.
(重点词汇原形：psychological 心理的； victim 受害者； traumatic 造成创伤的)
(为受害者提供心理支持在创伤性事件后至关重要。)
23. The extent of the damage was far greater than initially estimated.
(重点词汇原形：extent 程度/范围； damage 破坏)
(破坏的程度远大于最初的估计。)
24. Debris from collapsed buildings littered the streets after the earthquake.
(重点词汇原形：debris 瓦砾/碎片)
(地震后，倒塌建筑的碎片散落在街道上。)
25. A famine often follows severe drought or crop destruction.
(重点词汇原形：famine 饥荒)
(严重的干旱或作物损毁后常会发生饥荒。)
26. Relief workers faced difficult conditions as they tried to deliver supplies.
(重点词汇原形：relief 救济； condition 条件/状况)
(救济工作人员在试图运送物资时面临着艰苦的条件。)
27. The eruption of the volcano forced the evacuation of several villages.
(重点词汇原形：eruption 喷发； evacuation 疏散)
(火山喷发迫使数个村庄的居民疏散。)
28. Many historical buildings were damaged in the disaster.
(重点词汇原形：historical 历史的； damage 破坏)
(许多历史建筑在灾难中受损。)
29. The community showed great solidarity in helping each other recover.
(重点词汇原形：solidarity 团结； recover 恢复)
(社区在互助恢复中表现出巨大的团结。)
30. Looting became a problem in areas where law enforcement was weak after the disaster.
(重点词汇原形：looting 抢劫； enforcement 执行)
(在灾后执法薄弱地区，抢劫成了一个问题。)
31. The blizzard brought heavy snow and freezing temperatures, paralyzing the city.
(重点词汇原形：blizzard 暴风雪； paralyze 使瘫痪)
(暴风雪带来大雪和严寒，使城市陷入瘫痪。)
32. Reconstruction of the area began soon after the immediate crisis was over.
(重点词汇原形：reconstruction 重建； crisis 危机)
(紧急危机一过，该地区的重建工作就开始了。)
33. Emergency services were overwhelmed by the number of calls for help.
(重点词汇原形：emergency 紧急情况)
(紧急服务部门被大量的求救电话淹没了。)
34. A warning system can save many lives by giving people time to evacuate.
(重点词汇原形：warning 警告； system 系统； evacuate 疏散)
(预警系统可以通过给人们疏散时间来挽救许多生命。)
35. The outbreak of disease is a common secondary effect after a major flood.
(重点词汇原形：outbreak 爆发； effect 影响)
(疾病爆发是重大洪水后常见的次生影响。)
36. The river burst its banks after days of torrential rain.
(重点词汇原形：burst 决堤/爆裂)
(数日暴雨后，河水决堤了。)
37. The government declared a state of emergency to manage the disaster response.
(重点词汇原形：government 政府； emergency 紧急情况)
(政府宣布进入紧急状态以管理灾害应对工作。)
38. Survivors recounted their horrifying experiences during the earthquake.
(重点词汇原形：survivor 幸存者； horrify 使恐惧/震惊)
(幸存者们讲述了他们在地震期间的恐怖经历。)
39. The economic impact of the natural disaster was felt for years.
(重点词汇原形：economic 经济的； impact 影响)
(这场自然灾害的经济影响持续了多年。)
40. Preparing an emergency kit is a simple but important precaution.
(重点词汇原形：prepare 准备； emergency 紧急情况； precaution 预防措施)
(准备一个应急包是一个简单但重要的预防措施。)
高中英语必修1 Unit4 Natural Disasters 高考题型综合训练
姓名：________ 班级：________ 得分：________
第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分25分）
第一节（共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
In the face of increasing natural disasters, preparation is our most powerful tool. Modern warning systems can predict events like hurricanes or tsunamis hours or even days in advance, giving people precious time to evacuate. However, the best technology is useless without public awareness and clear emergency plans. Every family should have an emergency kit with food, water, and medical supplies. Knowing the nearest shelter and evacuation route is equally important. After a disaster, the speed of rescue and relief efforts is critical to saving lives and reducing munities that prepare together build solidarity, making them more resilient when crisis strikes.
1. What is the main idea of the first paragraph
A. Technology is the only solution to natural disasters.
B. Preparation and awareness are key to dealing with disasters.
C. Governments are solely responsible for disaster response.
D. Natural disasters are becoming less severe over time.
2. According to the passage, what should every family prepare
A. A detailed map of all global disaster zones.
B. Expensive high-tech communication devices.
C. An emergency kit and knowledge of local shelters and routes.
D. A large stockpile of fuel and generators.
3. What does the word “resilient” in the last sentence most likely mean
A. Wealthy and prosperous.
B. Able to recover quickly from difficulties.
C. Technologically advanced.
D. Isolated and independent.
4. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage
A. To describe the destructive power of a specific hurricane.
B. To criticize the government’s slow response to disasters.
C. To explain scientific methods for predicting earthquakes.
D. To educate on the importance of disaster preparedness.
第二节（共3小题；每小题2.5分，满分7.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The immediate aftermath of a major earthquake is a period of chaos and critical action. 5. ____ Your priority should be to protect yourself from falling debris. Once the shaking stops, check yourself and others for injuries. Do not use elevators. 6. ____ If you are trapped, try to attract rescue workers’ attention by tapping on pipes or walls. 7. ____ Listen to a battery-powered radio for official information and instructions. Aftershocks are very likely, so be prepared to drop, cover, and hold on again.
A. Evacuate the building calmly if it is safe to do so.
B. Remember that psychological first aid is also important.
C. The extent of the damage is often not clear immediately.
D. If you smell gas or see sparks, turn off utilities if possible.
E. Scientists will arrive soon to measure the quake’s strength.
F. When you feel the ground shake, drop, cover, and hold on immediately.
G. Historical data shows most injuries occur during the initial quake.
第二部分：完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The day the earthquake struck started like any other. At 2:03 pm, a deep rumble grew into a violent shake. In less than a minute, the city was transformed. My first thought was for my family. Our apartment building, once a historical landmark, was now a pile of 8 and dust. We were 9 , but unhurt. The 10 was terrifying—cracks in the ground, collapsed structures, and the distant cries of 11 .
Soon, the sound of sirens filled the air as emergency services arrived. Rescue workers, their faces marked with determination and dust, began the desperate search for 12 . We joined our neighbors, forming a human chain to clear smaller pieces of rubble. There was no time for fear; only action mattered. This 13 in the face of destruction was powerful.
As night fell, the 14 became more challenging. 15 were cut off. We gathered in a public park, which had become a temporary 16 . Aid organizations distributed food and water supplies . The 17 of the damage was staggering; thousands were homeless .
Days later, 18 teams from other countries arrived, bringing heavy machinery and hope. The 19 of finding more survivors was fading, but no one gave up. This 20 taught me about solidarity . In our darkest hour, we were not victims , but survivors , helping each other recover and rebuild.
8.A. shelters B. debris C. supplies D. warnings
9.A. trapped B. injured C. evacuated D. prepared
10. A. scene B. plan C. system D. effect
11. A. scientists B. volunteers C. survivors D. governments
12. A. warnings B. survivors C. supplies D. routes
13. A. prediction B. solidarity C. eruption D. reconstruction
14. A. condition B. eruption C. famine D. drought
15. A. Evacuation routes B. Communication lines C. Emergency kits D. Relief funds
16. A. shelter B. ruin C. monument D. laboratory
17. A. extent B. speed C. prevention D. outbreak
18. A. research B. rescue C. government D. news
19. A. warning B. possibility C. equipment D. crisis
20. A. explosion B. experience C. accident D. drill
第三部分：语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Wildfires are becoming more frequent and intense due to climate change. When a wildfire 21 (break) out, it can spread with astonishing speed, 22 (destroy) forests, homes, and wildlife. 23 (prepare) is key. Homeowners in risk areas should clear dry leaves and create defensible space. If an evacuation 24 (order) is given, leave immediately.
After the fire, the 25 (damage) landscape is vulnerable to landslides when rain arrives. The reconstruction process is long. It involves not just 26 (build) houses, but also restoring the ecosystem. Scientists say 27 (live) with such disasters requires adaptation and better land management. Public education on fire 28 (prevent) is also a crucial 29 (prepare). Remember, 30 (survive) a major disaster depends on both community effort and individual responsibility.
第四部分：书面表达（满分15分）
假设你是学校“环境保护社”的成员李华。一场台风（typhoon）刚刚袭击了你所在的城市。请你用英文写一份倡议书，张贴在学校公告栏，呼吁同学们为受灾社区提供帮助。内容包括：
1. 简述台风造成的危害（如破坏、人员无家可归等）；
2. 提出2-3点具体的援助倡议；
3. 鼓励同学参与，表达团结与希望。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 请在文中有意识地使用以下5个本单元核心词汇：damage, shelter, supplies, victim, recover。
【参考答案与解析】
第一部分：阅读理解
第一节：1. B 2. C 3. B 4. D
第二节：5. F 6. A 7. D
解析：第二节第5空，后文“Your priority should be to protect yourself...”说明空处应涉及地震发生时的立即反应，F项“立即蹲下、掩护、抓牢”是标准应急程序。第6空，前文提到“不要使用电梯”，后文提到“如果被困...”，因此空处应是安全情况下的行动，A项“如果安全，冷静疏散”符合逻辑。第7空，前文讲被困如何求救，后文讲收听广播，空处应是另一项安全提醒，D项“如闻到煤气味或看到火花，尽可能关闭水电燃气”是震后重要安全步骤，符合语境。B项（心理援助）和E项（科学家测量）在紧急自救语境中不直接相关，G项（历史数据）非行动指导。
第二部分：完形填空
8. B (debris 废墟/碎片。建筑倒塌后成为一堆瓦砾。)
9. A (trapped 被困。与后文“但未受伤”构成转折，且下段有“rescue workers”呼应。)
10. A (scene 场景/景象。描述地震后的恐怖“景象”。)
11. C (survivors 幸存者。灾难现场传来的哭泣声最可能来自幸存者。)
12. B (survivors 幸存者。救援队搜寻的对象。)
13. B (solidarity 团结。与后文“forming a human chain”帮助邻居的行为相呼应。)
14. A (condition 条件/状况。指夜晚降临后，救援“条件”或“状况”变得更困难。)
15. B (Communication lines 通讯线路。是灾后常见的断联问题，与下句“gathered”等信息接收方式改变呼应。)
16. A (shelter 避难所。公园成为临时“避难所”。)
17. A (extent 程度。指破坏的“程度”令人震惊。)
18. B (rescue teams 救援队。来自其他国家的应是国际“救援”队。)
19. B (possibility 可能性。找到更多幸存者的“可能性”在降低。)
20. B (experience 经历。总结全文，整个事件是一次“经历”。
第三部分：语法填空
21. breaks (一般现在时，主语为单数。)
22. destroying (现在分词作伴随状语。)
23. Preparation (作主语，需用名词形式。)
24. order (名词，evacuation order 疏散命令。)
25. damaged (过去分词作形容词，修饰landscape，表示“被损坏的”。)
26. building (介词involves后接动名词。)
27. living (动名词作主语。)
28. prevention (名词，作介词on的宾语。)
29. preparation (名词，a crucial preparation 一项重要的准备工作。)
30. surviving (动名词作主语。)
第四部分：书面表达（参考范文）
Call for Help After the Typhoon
Fellow students,
The recent typhoon has caused severe damage to our community. Many houses were destroyed, leaving numerous victims homeless. They are in urgent need of our help.
We call on you to join our relief efforts. First, we will collect essential supplies like food, water, and clothes. Donation boxes will be in the school hall. Second, we need volunteers this weekend to help organize these items at the temporary shelter in City Park.
Your kindness can make a real difference. Let’s stand together with our community. With our support, they can recover and rebuild their lives with hope.
Thank you for your compassion and action.
The Environmental Club
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)