Unit 2 Improving yourself Grammar 课件（含音频）
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| 名称 | Unit 2 Improving yourself Grammar 课件（含音频） |
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| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 8.8MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-01-13 00:00:00 | ||
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(共31张PPT)
Unit 2
Unit 2 Improving yourself
Past perfect passive
To learn the use of past perfect passive
To talk about what had happened before you started a new habit, using past perfect passive
Look at the sentences and answer the questions. Sentence (a) is from the reading passage.
a. At the start of the detox, over 100 students had been persuaded to stop using social media, in ANY form, for seven days.
b. At the start of the detox, people had persuaded over 100 students to stop using social media, in ANY form, for seven days.
1. Were the students in sentence (a) persuaded before the detox started, or afterwards
The students were persuaded before the detox started.
a. At the start of the detox, over 100 students had been persuaded to stop using social media, in ANY form, for seven days.
b. At the start of the detox, people had persuaded over 100 students to stop using social media, in ANY form, for seven days.
2. What is the difference between sentences (a) and (b)
They differ in voice. The passive voice is used in sentence (a), while the active voice is used in sentence (b).
3. Why does the author choose to use a passive form instead of an active form
Maybe the author doesn’t know who had persuaded students to stop using social media, or it is unnecessary to say who the persuaders were.
When do we use the passive voice
When the doer of the action is unknown or unimportant
When the doer of the action is obvious or understood from context
When the action is more important than the doer
When the doer of the action is intentionally being avoided
In formal or scientific writing
We use passive voice to convey our message clearer and more direct.
They had been promised money by family and friends for each day spent without using social media.
But on reflection, I can see how much of my time had been occupied with checking my phone.
Now look for more sentences with the past perfect passive in the reading passage, and summarise its use in your own words.
The past perfect tense is used to tell an activity done before something in the past. So it is used in a background of past.
present
future
past
past perfect
past perfect tense
过去完成时的被动语态
过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时和被动语态的叠合，表示在过去某一时间或某个动作之前已经完成的动作。
下面两种情况一般用被动语态：
一是强调动作的承受者。
e.g. The pen had been broken by the boy before it was found.
(在大家发现之前那支钢笔就被那个男孩弄坏了。)
二是不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。
e.g. The task had been completed before noon yesterday.
(那项任务昨天中午之前就完成了。)
1. 过去完成时的被动语态构成
过去完成时被动语态的肯定结构:
主语 + had been + v.-ed (及物) + 其它
e.g. The classroom had been cleaned before the teacher came.
老师进来前教室就已经被打扫干净了。
A new agreement had been signed by the time we got there.
等我们到那儿的时候，一项新协议已经签署。
过去完成时被动语态的否定结构：
主语 + had not been + v.-ed (及物) + 其它
e.g. The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came.
过去完成时被动语态的疑问句结构:
一般疑问句：had + 主语 + been + v.-ed (及物) + 其它
特殊疑问句：疑问词 + had + 主语 + been + v.-ed (及物) + 其它
e.g. Had a new school been set up by the end of last year
When had the buildings been destroyed
2. 过去完成时的被动语态的用法
表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的被动动作。
e.g. The vegetables didn’t taste good. They had been cooked for too long.
(2) 表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的被动动作，常与for, since引导的时间状语连用。
e.g. It was reported that the money had been raised for weeks.
(3) 用在told，said，knew，thought等主句动词是过去式时的
宾语从句中，表示宾语从句中的动作已被做完。
e.g. He said that the books had already been sold out.
He told us that the project had been completed.
(4) 当before，when，by the time，until等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是一般过去时，以及by，before后等接过去的时间时，主句的动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。
e.g. By the end of last year, 120 bridges had been built.
(5) 在It was the first /second / …time that从句中，主语是动作的承受者，要用过去完成时的被动语态。
e.g. It was the first time he had been bitten by a dog.
(6) 在虚拟语气中，条件句表示与过去的事实相反，且主语是动作的承受者时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。
e.g. If I had been invited earlier, I would have gone with you.
过去完成时被动语态：动作是相对于过去已被完成
现在完成时被动语态：动作相对于现在来说已被完成
过去完成时被动语态 现在完成时被动语态
e.g. She said her song had been translated into Spanish.
她说她的歌曲已经被 翻译成了西班牙语。
表达的是在说这件事之前她的歌曲已经被翻译成了西班牙语。
Complete Jack's blog post with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
You should read the passage in a whole
and know clearly about what had happened.
List the actions in a timeline so that you can find out the order of the things. It is helpful for you to decide what tense and form you should use.
改过自新，重新开始
故意地
难以置信地
弄懂
一尘不染地
拖延
待办事项列表
Before I turned over a new leaf, I had always been a very lazy student. I was careless about handing in my homework, and none of my assignment deadlines _____________ (meet). Indeed, I would deliberately “lose” my homework in my incredibly messy room, so that I could put off ___________ (do) it! My parents soon worked out this trick, though, and one day I came home to find that my room _______________ (clean), and my homework _______________ (put) right in the centre of a spotlessly clean desk! A present ______________ (leave) on the desk, too ( I think Mum did that): a book called The Art of Procrastination.
had been met
doing
had been put
had been left
had been cleaned
The author, John Perry, said that procrastination was about ______________ (avoid) the hardest and most important tasks. So, ___________ (make) sure you do your homework, put it second or third on your to-do list, not at the top. Then put one or two really hard things you don’t want to do at the top of the list. You will procrastinate to avoid the hard stuff －by doing your homework!
Posted by Jack at 13:34
avoiding
to make
Work in pairs. Describe the pictures using the past perfect passive.
Jack started the habit of cleaning his room last week. This is what his room looked like yesterday morning.
What’s your impression on the room
clean, tidy, in order...
But two weeks ago, Jack’s room was like this …
messy, disorder ...
Jack started the habit of cleaning his room last week. This is what his room looked like yesterday morning. (The floor was clean. The sheet was laid flat on the bed. All the books and clothes were placed neatly and tidily. The pictures on the wall were straight.) But two weeks ago, Jack’s room had been an awful mess. His clothes had been thrown everywhere, the pictures had not been hung straight, and all the drawers had been opened. It had been a very disorderly sort of room, with books and papers lying around everywhere.
Work in pairs. Talk about what had happened before you started a new habit of your own. Use the past perfect passive where appropriate.
You can make a list of the bad habits that you once had;
Mark when you changed the bad habits;
Write down what you had done before you changed with past perfect tense, using its passive voice if necessary.
I. 选用括号内合适的内容完成下列句子。
1. Hearing his presentation __________________ (had been criticized, has been criticized) by his classmates, Tom felt disappointed.
2. Maupassant's short story, La Parure, __________________ (had been translated, has been translated) into many foreign languages so far.
3. By the time the exam ended, most of the questions _________________ (had been answered, have been answered).
had been criticized
has been translated
had been answered
4. It was the first time that Mary ____________________ (had been persuaded, has been persuaded) to stop using social media.
5. It was said that more than 1, 000 students _______________ ____________ (had been encouraged, have been encouraged) to take part in the programme by last Sunday.
had been persuaded
had been
encouraged
Once upon a time, there was a wealthy businessman who worried about his child's bad habits. Then a famous wise master 1. ____________________ (has been recommended, was recommended) by his friend. Determined to help his son, the businessman told the wise master that he 2. ____________________ (had been bothered, had bothered) by his son's bad habits. The wise master listened attentively and suggested that the businessman bring his son to him the next morning.
II. 选用括号内合适的内容完成下面短文。
was recommended
had been bothered
By the time they arrived, a note 3. ____________________ (had been left, was left) on the table, asking them to go into the garden. Then the wise master took the boy for a walk in the garden until they came across a small sapling (树苗). He asked the boy to pull out the sapling and the boy did with ease. Then the master pointed at a small tree and said, “Can you pull out ...” Before the wise master finished his words, the small tree 4. ____________________ (had been removed, has been removed) by the boy, though it required more effort.
had been left
had been removed
Finally, the wise master asked the boy to pull out an old tree. It was the third time that the boy 5. ____________________ (had been asked, was asked) by the wise master. Despite his best efforts, the boy was unable to uproot the old tree.
Feeling defeated, the boy apologised for his failure. The wise master used this opportunity to teach the boy a valuable lesson. He explained that bad habits are like plants. When they are new, they can be uprooted easily, but if they become strong, they will be difficult to remove, like the old tree. The boy 6. ____________________ (nodded, was nodded) in agreement. After that, his bad habits never returned.
had been asked
nodded
Use the past perfect passive to talk about what had happened before you started a new habit of you own.
Unit 2
Unit 2 Improving yourself
Past perfect passive
To learn the use of past perfect passive
To talk about what had happened before you started a new habit, using past perfect passive
Look at the sentences and answer the questions. Sentence (a) is from the reading passage.
a. At the start of the detox, over 100 students had been persuaded to stop using social media, in ANY form, for seven days.
b. At the start of the detox, people had persuaded over 100 students to stop using social media, in ANY form, for seven days.
1. Were the students in sentence (a) persuaded before the detox started, or afterwards
The students were persuaded before the detox started.
a. At the start of the detox, over 100 students had been persuaded to stop using social media, in ANY form, for seven days.
b. At the start of the detox, people had persuaded over 100 students to stop using social media, in ANY form, for seven days.
2. What is the difference between sentences (a) and (b)
They differ in voice. The passive voice is used in sentence (a), while the active voice is used in sentence (b).
3. Why does the author choose to use a passive form instead of an active form
Maybe the author doesn’t know who had persuaded students to stop using social media, or it is unnecessary to say who the persuaders were.
When do we use the passive voice
When the doer of the action is unknown or unimportant
When the doer of the action is obvious or understood from context
When the action is more important than the doer
When the doer of the action is intentionally being avoided
In formal or scientific writing
We use passive voice to convey our message clearer and more direct.
They had been promised money by family and friends for each day spent without using social media.
But on reflection, I can see how much of my time had been occupied with checking my phone.
Now look for more sentences with the past perfect passive in the reading passage, and summarise its use in your own words.
The past perfect tense is used to tell an activity done before something in the past. So it is used in a background of past.
present
future
past
past perfect
past perfect tense
过去完成时的被动语态
过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时和被动语态的叠合，表示在过去某一时间或某个动作之前已经完成的动作。
下面两种情况一般用被动语态：
一是强调动作的承受者。
e.g. The pen had been broken by the boy before it was found.
(在大家发现之前那支钢笔就被那个男孩弄坏了。)
二是不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。
e.g. The task had been completed before noon yesterday.
(那项任务昨天中午之前就完成了。)
1. 过去完成时的被动语态构成
过去完成时被动语态的肯定结构:
主语 + had been + v.-ed (及物) + 其它
e.g. The classroom had been cleaned before the teacher came.
老师进来前教室就已经被打扫干净了。
A new agreement had been signed by the time we got there.
等我们到那儿的时候，一项新协议已经签署。
过去完成时被动语态的否定结构：
主语 + had not been + v.-ed (及物) + 其它
e.g. The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came.
过去完成时被动语态的疑问句结构:
一般疑问句：had + 主语 + been + v.-ed (及物) + 其它
特殊疑问句：疑问词 + had + 主语 + been + v.-ed (及物) + 其它
e.g. Had a new school been set up by the end of last year
When had the buildings been destroyed
2. 过去完成时的被动语态的用法
表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的被动动作。
e.g. The vegetables didn’t taste good. They had been cooked for too long.
(2) 表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的被动动作，常与for, since引导的时间状语连用。
e.g. It was reported that the money had been raised for weeks.
(3) 用在told，said，knew，thought等主句动词是过去式时的
宾语从句中，表示宾语从句中的动作已被做完。
e.g. He said that the books had already been sold out.
He told us that the project had been completed.
(4) 当before，when，by the time，until等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是一般过去时，以及by，before后等接过去的时间时，主句的动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。
e.g. By the end of last year, 120 bridges had been built.
(5) 在It was the first /second / …time that从句中，主语是动作的承受者，要用过去完成时的被动语态。
e.g. It was the first time he had been bitten by a dog.
(6) 在虚拟语气中，条件句表示与过去的事实相反，且主语是动作的承受者时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。
e.g. If I had been invited earlier, I would have gone with you.
过去完成时被动语态：动作是相对于过去已被完成
现在完成时被动语态：动作相对于现在来说已被完成
过去完成时被动语态 现在完成时被动语态
e.g. She said her song had been translated into Spanish.
她说她的歌曲已经被 翻译成了西班牙语。
表达的是在说这件事之前她的歌曲已经被翻译成了西班牙语。
Complete Jack's blog post with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
You should read the passage in a whole
and know clearly about what had happened.
List the actions in a timeline so that you can find out the order of the things. It is helpful for you to decide what tense and form you should use.
改过自新，重新开始
故意地
难以置信地
弄懂
一尘不染地
拖延
待办事项列表
Before I turned over a new leaf, I had always been a very lazy student. I was careless about handing in my homework, and none of my assignment deadlines _____________ (meet). Indeed, I would deliberately “lose” my homework in my incredibly messy room, so that I could put off ___________ (do) it! My parents soon worked out this trick, though, and one day I came home to find that my room _______________ (clean), and my homework _______________ (put) right in the centre of a spotlessly clean desk! A present ______________ (leave) on the desk, too ( I think Mum did that): a book called The Art of Procrastination.
had been met
doing
had been put
had been left
had been cleaned
The author, John Perry, said that procrastination was about ______________ (avoid) the hardest and most important tasks. So, ___________ (make) sure you do your homework, put it second or third on your to-do list, not at the top. Then put one or two really hard things you don’t want to do at the top of the list. You will procrastinate to avoid the hard stuff －by doing your homework!
Posted by Jack at 13:34
avoiding
to make
Work in pairs. Describe the pictures using the past perfect passive.
Jack started the habit of cleaning his room last week. This is what his room looked like yesterday morning.
What’s your impression on the room
clean, tidy, in order...
But two weeks ago, Jack’s room was like this …
messy, disorder ...
Jack started the habit of cleaning his room last week. This is what his room looked like yesterday morning. (The floor was clean. The sheet was laid flat on the bed. All the books and clothes were placed neatly and tidily. The pictures on the wall were straight.) But two weeks ago, Jack’s room had been an awful mess. His clothes had been thrown everywhere, the pictures had not been hung straight, and all the drawers had been opened. It had been a very disorderly sort of room, with books and papers lying around everywhere.
Work in pairs. Talk about what had happened before you started a new habit of your own. Use the past perfect passive where appropriate.
You can make a list of the bad habits that you once had;
Mark when you changed the bad habits;
Write down what you had done before you changed with past perfect tense, using its passive voice if necessary.
I. 选用括号内合适的内容完成下列句子。
1. Hearing his presentation __________________ (had been criticized, has been criticized) by his classmates, Tom felt disappointed.
2. Maupassant's short story, La Parure, __________________ (had been translated, has been translated) into many foreign languages so far.
3. By the time the exam ended, most of the questions _________________ (had been answered, have been answered).
had been criticized
has been translated
had been answered
4. It was the first time that Mary ____________________ (had been persuaded, has been persuaded) to stop using social media.
5. It was said that more than 1, 000 students _______________ ____________ (had been encouraged, have been encouraged) to take part in the programme by last Sunday.
had been persuaded
had been
encouraged
Once upon a time, there was a wealthy businessman who worried about his child's bad habits. Then a famous wise master 1. ____________________ (has been recommended, was recommended) by his friend. Determined to help his son, the businessman told the wise master that he 2. ____________________ (had been bothered, had bothered) by his son's bad habits. The wise master listened attentively and suggested that the businessman bring his son to him the next morning.
II. 选用括号内合适的内容完成下面短文。
was recommended
had been bothered
By the time they arrived, a note 3. ____________________ (had been left, was left) on the table, asking them to go into the garden. Then the wise master took the boy for a walk in the garden until they came across a small sapling (树苗). He asked the boy to pull out the sapling and the boy did with ease. Then the master pointed at a small tree and said, “Can you pull out ...” Before the wise master finished his words, the small tree 4. ____________________ (had been removed, has been removed) by the boy, though it required more effort.
had been left
had been removed
Finally, the wise master asked the boy to pull out an old tree. It was the third time that the boy 5. ____________________ (had been asked, was asked) by the wise master. Despite his best efforts, the boy was unable to uproot the old tree.
Feeling defeated, the boy apologised for his failure. The wise master used this opportunity to teach the boy a valuable lesson. He explained that bad habits are like plants. When they are new, they can be uprooted easily, but if they become strong, they will be difficult to remove, like the old tree. The boy 6. ____________________ (nodded, was nodded) in agreement. After that, his bad habits never returned.
had been asked
nodded
Use the past perfect passive to talk about what had happened before you started a new habit of you own.