XB3U1人教版选必3 Unit1语篇分析+阅读单（教师版）
选择性必修3 Unit 1 Art-Reading and Thinking语篇分析
分析维度 内容项
What：语篇的主题、内容、结构、逻辑关系 一、文章基本信息 文章标题：A Short History of Western Painting作者： 文章类型：说明文主题/中心思想：本文通过对西方绘画历史上四个关键时期（中世纪、文艺复兴、印象派、现代艺术）的简明回顾，呈现了西方绘画在主题、技法和表现形式上的演变，展示艺术发展如何反映时代与社会文化的变迁。
二、文本结构与内容分析 整体结构：文章文章按时间顺序划分为四个主要部分：中世纪、文艺复兴、印象派和现代艺术。每个部分都描述了那个时期的艺术特点和代表性人物。段落分布：文章引言段简要介绍西方艺术，指出其定义的复杂性以及通过绘画了解艺术发展的一种方式。主体段落每个历史时期（中世纪、文艺复兴、印象派和现代艺术）都有一个独立的段落，详细描述该时期的艺术特色、技术创新和影响。最后总结现代艺术的发展，并提出艺术发展的一个核心问题：“艺术是什么？”逻辑关系：时间关系：文章采用时间顺序，依次介绍不同历史时期的艺术风格，并通过每个时期的创新和发展展示西方绘画的演变。因果关系：各部分之间有因果关系，如文艺复兴的出现是对中世纪艺术局限的回应，印象派的出现则是对摄影发明后新需求的适应。衔接与连贯：文章通过明确的历史时间线连接不同艺术时期，逻辑清晰，并且用连接词（如“as a result”，“finally”等）确保段落间衔接自然，保持文章的连贯性。段落功能：每个段落都分别介绍不同历史阶段的艺术特点，并对艺术创新进行了详细分析，展示了不同艺术家和艺术风格的特点，帮助读者了解西方绘画的发展脉络。
Why：语篇的深层涵义、情感态度、作者意图 三、写作意图与文化背景分析 文化背景：文章涉及了西方艺术的多个历史时期，这些时期分别代表了欧洲不同的文化和社会背景。中世纪艺术反映了宗教主导的社会结构，文艺复兴艺术代表了人文主义的崛起，印象派反映了现代化社会对新视觉体验的需求，现代艺术则探讨了艺术的本质及其表达方式的多样性。背景知识的运用：文章假设读者对西方艺术史有一定了解，尤其是主要艺术流派及其代表人物。如果读者缺乏这方面的知识，可能需要更多的背景信息来理解某些艺术技巧和创新的背景。写作意图：作者写作目的在于阐明艺术风格变化与社会变革的紧密关系，帮助读者了解艺术不仅是审美对象，更是理解社会历史和文化变迁的镜子。体现出西方社会历史中的艺术与文化变革相辅相成的关系，如人文主义与艺术内容转型的关系。
四、情感态度与价值取向分析 情感态度：作者的态度客观，主要通过描述不同艺术时期的特点来展现艺术风格的变迁。通过对艺术家的创新与突破的讨论，隐含着对艺术创新的尊重和对艺术发展的肯定。价值取向：文章传递了艺术与时代、文化及思想紧密相关的价值观。它强调艺术不仅是个人创作的产物，更是社会变迁和人类思想发展的反映。同时，文章也通过对不同艺术流派的回顾，传递了“艺术没有固定定义”这一思想，倡导艺术的多样性和创新性。
五、论点与文章有效性分析 论点清晰度与证据支持：文章的主要论点是通过历史时期的变迁展示西方绘画艺术的演变过程，并通过艺术家的创新举措（如透视法、油画技法等）支持这一论点。每个历史时期的艺术风格和技巧都得到了具体的例证支持。文章有效性与局限性：文章成功地展示了西方绘画的历史演变，具有较强的概括性和引导性。逻辑清晰，论述有说服力；局限在于未能全面深入展现艺术家的个人风格或具体艺术作品细节，限于篇幅未展开更详细的讨论。文章与现实的联系：文章通过简明扼要的艺术史概述，引发读者对艺术流派演变的兴趣。特别是对现代艺术的讨论，触及了艺术创作的本质问题，这一议题至今仍在当代艺术领域中引发广泛讨论。
六、逻辑关系与推理分析 显性逻辑关系：运用明显的历史时间序列（从中世纪到现代），因果关系清晰，如摄影术导致印象派的产生。隐性推理与假设：作者未直接言明的观点在于：艺术的发展必然反映社会观念与技术的进步，而艺术风格变化背后隐含着社会价值观念和思想意识形态的转变。
How：语篇的文体特征、语言特点、修辞手法、结构分析 七、语言与文体特征分析 语言特点：文章使用了简洁明了、客观中立的语言风格。通过简短的句子和直接的表达，帮助读者清晰理解西方绘画的历史发展和创新。句式与句型分析：文章中使用了多种句式，复合句和并列句的结合使得信息更为丰富，同时帮助表达更复杂的思想。通过使用时间顺序、因果关系等句型，增强了逻辑性。文体特征：文章为说明文，风格较为正式，注重客观叙述和知识传递。文章采用了历史叙述和分析相结合的方式，既具备描述性也包含分析性。修辞手法：文章运用对比（如绘画与照片、抽象艺术与现实主义的对比）突出艺术风格差异及特点。
八、写作手法分析 写作技巧与表达方式：文章通过历史时序的方式组织内容，采用简洁明了的语言阐述不同艺术时期的特点和创新。通过具体的艺术家和技法实例使文章内容更具可信度，增强了信息的有效传递。
九、个人理解与批判性思维 个人理解与反思：文章成功地帮助我理解了西方绘画历史的流变，特别是艺术家的创新对后世艺术风格的影响。它使我意识到艺术发展不仅仅是技巧的进步，更是人类思想与社会变革的反映。批判性思维与反思：文章较为简略地讨论了各艺术流派之间的联系和对比，若能更深入地分析不同流派的冲突与融合，或者从更多文化背景角度讨论这些艺术形式的演变，将更加充实和有深度。此外，虽然文章提到了“现代艺术”，但对这一部分的探讨过于简化，缺乏对具体艺术家或作品的详细分析。
课文语言表达梳理 一、表达历史时期的转折与变化It is impossible to describe them all in a short text.This began to change in the 13th century...New ideas and values gradually replaced old ones.An important breakthrough during this period was...Another innovation was...The emphasis increasingly shifted from...to...Painters had to find a new way of looking at their art.The development of Western art slowed until...From this, Impressionism emerged in France.
二、艺术时期与风格的描述表达1. During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was...2. Their works were primitive and two-dimensional.3. Painters concentrated less on religious themes.4. Painters began to adopt a more humanistic attitude.5. Some of the best oil paintings look like photographs.6. Impressionists aimed to convey the light and movement in the scene.7. Paintings were no longer needed to preserve reality after the invention of photography.8. Artists turned to abstract art.
三、表示艺术家的重要性与贡献1. ...built upon Giotto and Masaccio’s innovations.2. Rembrandt gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light.3. Painters such as Picasso tried to analyze the shapes...
四、描述艺术家风格及作品特征1. His paintings are set apart by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact.2. Monet’s aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene.3. Renoir’s paintings are full of light, shadow, colour, and life.4. He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects, but their inner warmth and humanity.
五、总结与观点输出1. It is hard to give a precise definition of...2. Perhaps the best way to understand... is to look at...3. Painters had to find a new way of looking at their art.4. Artists began to ask, “What is art ”
文章结构梳理 Article Analysis: A Short History of Western Painting
1. Main IdeaThe text provides a brief overview of the historical development of Western painting, describing how artistic styles evolved from religious and symbolic representations to more realistic, human-centered approaches, and eventually to the exploration of art's fundamental nature and meaning.
2. Paragraph Summaries and Functions1) IntroductionSummary: Western art is too diverse to define, so the author suggests examining the historical development of painting styles to understand its essence.Function: Introduces the topic and explains the chronological approach. 2)Middle Ages (5th-15th century):Summary:Art was predominantly religious, primitive, and two-dimensional.Giotto introduced realism, showing real people in realistic environments.Function: Describes how medieval art served religious purposes and highlights Giotto's role in transitioning to realism.3)Renaissance (14th-17th century):Summary:Shifted focus from religious to humanistic themes. Innovations included perspective and oil paints enabled more lifelike art..Function: Explains the major breakthroughs in technique and how humanism influenced art.4)Impressionism (late 19th-early 20th century):Summary: Emerged due to the invention of photography, changing the role of painting. Impressionists focused on light, movement, and subjective impressions rather than realism.Function: Shows how Impressionism responded to technological and cultural changes, shifting focus to perception rather than precision.5)Modern Art (20th century onwards):Summary: Artists explored new forms such as Cubism and abstract art.Function: Highlights the diversity of modern art and raises the philosophical question of what defines art.
Key Details from Each Paragraph1. Introduction (Key Details)·Western art is difficult to define due to its variety of styles.·It is impossible to describe all styles in a short text.·The best way to understand Western art is to study its historicaldevelopment.2. The Middle Ages (Key Details)·Purpose of art: Primarily religious, meant to teach people aboutChristianity.·Style: Art was primitive, two-dimensional, unrealistic, and symbolic.·Key feature: Important religious figures were made larger than others tosignify their status.· Major transition: Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337) introduced real peoplein real environments.·Impact of Giotto: His paintings had realistic human faces and deepemotional impact, marking a shift toward realism.3. The Renaissance (Key Details)·Cultural change: New humanistic values replaced medieval religious dominance.·Themes: Less focus on religion, more on people and the world.·Innovation 1: Perspective (Masaccio, 1401-1428)—allowed 3D depth and realism in paintings.·Innovation 2: Oil painting—rich colors and realism, making paintings look like photographs.·Key artists: ·Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)—combined science and art for realistic human figures.·Michelangelo (1475-1564)—master of sculpture and frescoes.·Raphael (1483-1520)—known for balanced composition and human emotion.· Refinement of oil painting: Rembrandt (1606-1669)—famous for light and shadow effects (chiaroscuro).·Shift in subject matter: From religious themes to: ·Portraits of nobles and royalty.·Historical events and mythology.·Art commissioned for beauty rather than just religious devotion.4. Impressionism (Key Details)·Technological change: Photography (mid-19th century) reduced the need for paintings to be highly realistic.·Impressionism emerged in France, focusing on light, movement, and subjective impressions.·Key technique: Painters sought to capture fleeting moments rather than precise details.·Influential artist: Claude Monet (1840-1926)—his painting Impression, Sunrise inspired the movement’s name.·Human-centered Impressionism: ·Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841-1919) focused on people, emotions, and warmth.·His paintings showed color, life, and movement, in contrast toblack-and-white photography.5. Modern Art (Key Details)·Post-Impressionist question: “What do we do next ”·New approaches to reality: ·Cubism (Picasso, 1881-1973)—analyzed shapes in nature and restructured them geometrically.·Surrealism—gave paintings a dream-like quality.·Abstract Art—moved away from realism entirely, focusing on ideas, emotions, and conceptual expression.·Philosophical shift: Instead of depicting reality, artists explored the question “What is art ”.
Reading Comprehension Worksheet（教师版）
XBook 3 Unit 1 Reading and Thinking: A short history of western painting
Understanding and Main Idea Extraction（What文章理解与主旨提取）
1.
A.What is the main idea of the passage
A. The techniques and materials used in Western painting.
B. The religious influence on Western painting throughout history.
C. The evolution of Western painting styles and their characteristics.
D. The role of photography in the development of Western painting.
Answer：C. The evolution of Western painting styles and their characteristics.
Fill in the blanks with the best option based on the passage.
The passage mainly discusses the ______________ of Western painting over different time periods, highlighting its ______________ and key artists.
A. religious influence; materials
B. evolution; styles
C. techniques; impact of photography
D. color theory; historical background
Answer：B. evolution; styles
Rearrange the following phrases to form the best summary of the passage.
(A) The Renaissance introduced humanistic themes and perspective techniques.
(B) The passage describes the development of Western painting.
(C) Modern art introduced abstract forms and new perspectives.
(D) Impressionists focused on light and movement rather than realistic details.
(E) The Middle Ages emphasized religious themes and symbolic figures.
Answer：B → E → A → D → C
目的：
让学生从整体上把握文章的核心主题，理解西方绘画风格的发展脉络。
训练学生的略读（skimming）能力，从全篇内容中概括出核心信息。
阅读技能目标：
训练学生快速浏览文本，抓住关键词，识别文章核心主题。
培养学生概括能力，使其能够总结文章要点，并准确表达核心内容。
2.
Open Cloze Task
Fill in the blanks with the correct words that describe the characteristics of each art period.
During the Middle Ages, painters used ________ art mainly for religious teaching.
The Renaissance introduced the technique of ________ to create depth in paintings.
Impressionist artists focused on ________ and movement rather than fine details.
Modern Art questioned traditional concepts of ________ and experimented with new styles.
Answers：
1. Primitive 2. Perspective 3. Light 4. Art
Matching Task
Match each art period with the correct characteristic.
Art Period Key Characteristics
A. Middle Ages 1. Used ________ art mainly for religious teaching.
B. Renaissance 2. Introduced the technique of ________ to create depth.
C. Impressionism 3. Focused on ________ and movement rather than details.
D. Modern Art 4. Questioned traditional concepts of ________ and experimented with new styles.
Word Bank: Light, Perspective, Art, Primitive
Answers：
A → 1. Primitive
B → 2. Perspective
C → 3. Light
D → 4. Art
Sequencing Task
The following descriptions are out of order. Put them in the correct historical sequence by numbering them 1–4.
( ) This period used Primitive art mainly for religious teaching.
( ) This period introduced Perspective to create depth.
( ) This period focused on Light and movement rather than details.
( ) This period questioned traditional concepts of Art and experimented with new styles.
Answers：
Middle Ages → Primitive
Renaissance → Perspective
Impressionism → Light
Modern Art → Art
目的：
让学生在全局理解的基础上快速掌握核心概念。
使任务更加结构化，便于学生建立清晰的知识框架。
阅读技能培养目标:
培养学生跨段落整理信息的能力。
训练学生快速辨识关键概念，提升细节理解能力。
强化学生对艺术术语的掌握。
3.
A.Multiple Choice
Which statement best describes the characteristics of Renaissance painting
A.Renaissance artists continued to focus mainly on religious themes.
B. The use of perspective enhanced realism, and artists adopted a more humanistic approach.
C. Oil painting was rarely used during this period.
D. Renaissance paintings returned to the two-dimensional style of the Middle Ages.
Answer：B
B.Fill-in-the-Blanks
Complete the following sentences about Renaissance painting with the correct words.
Renaissance artists introduced the technique of ________ to create depth and enhance realism.
Instead of focusing solely on religious themes, they adopted a more ________ approach to life
and art.
A significant development during this period was the increased use of ________ paints, which
improved the richness of colors.
Compared to the Middle Ages, Renaissance paintings placed more emphasis on ________ and
the natural world.
Answer：1. Perspective 2. Humanistic 3. Oil 4. Realism
C. True/False
Decide whether the following statements about Renaissance painting are True (T) or False (F). Provide evidence from the passage.
Renaissance artists mainly focused on religious themes. (T / F)
The use of perspective enhanced realism in Renaissance painting. (T / F)
Oil painting was uncommon during the Renaissance period. (T / F)
Renaissance artists adopted a more humanistic approach. (T / F)
Answer：
F （Although religious themes existed, artists focused more on humanistic ideas and realism.）
T （"An important breakthrough during this period was the use of perspective by Masaccio
(1401-1428)."）
F （"The use of oil paints became a significant innovation during this period."）
T （"Painters concentrated less on religious themes and adopted a more humanistic attitude to life."）
目的：让学生理解文艺复兴时期的绘画特点，同时锻炼排除错误信息的能力。
阅读技能培养目标：
训练学生筛选和剔除片面或错误信息，提高阅读理解的准确性。
让学生通过对比选项，归纳最具代表性的文艺复兴艺术特点。
训练学生在文章内容中识别关键信息，并理解其内在联系。
Ⅱ. Emotional and Deeper Meaning Analysis（Why情感与深层意义分析）
1.
A. Multiple Choice
Why does the author mention Giotto and Masaccio
A. They introduced the use of oil painting in Renaissance art.
B. They pioneered techniques that created depth and realism.
C. They were famous for their use of abstract and experimental techniques.
D. They primarily painted religious frescoes without any artistic innovation.
Answer: B
B. Fill in the Blanks
Giotto and Masaccio were significant in art history because they introduced ___________ and ___________, which allowed Renaissance painters to achieve greater realism and depth.
Answer: perspective, realism
C. Compare & Contrast
Compare and contrast the artistic techniques of Giotto and Masaccio. In what ways were their innovations similar How did Masaccio improve upon Giotto’s techniques
Answer:
Similarities between Giotto and Masaccio:
Realism and Depth – Both artists moved away from the flat, two-dimensional style of medieval painting and introduced a more realistic representation of human figures and space.
Use of Light and Shadow (Chiaroscuro) – They experimented with shading to create a sense of volume in figures, making them appear more lifelike.
Emphasis on Human Emotion – Both artists depicted realistic human expressions and gestures, adding emotional depth to their paintings.
Religious Themes – They primarily painted religious subjects but did so with a more naturalistic and human-centered approach compared to earlier medieval works.
How Masaccio Improved upon Giotto’s Techniques
Mathematical Perspective – While Giotto introduced a sense of depth, Masaccio fully applied linear perspective, using vanishing points and geometric principles to create a more structured, three-dimensional space.
More Advanced Light and Shadow Techniques – Masaccio refined chiaroscuro further, making his figures appear more solid and realistically affected by light sources.
Greater Anatomical Accuracy – Masaccio studied human anatomy more systematically, leading to more natural proportions and movement in his figures.
Interaction Between Figures and Space – Masaccio’s compositions showed figures interacting more convincingly within their environments, enhancing the sense of realism and storytelling.
目的：该选择题旨在测试学生对文本细节和作者写作意图的理解。
阅读技能培养目标：
提升学生对文本具体内容的把握能力。
训练学生理解文本中的隐含信息和逻辑关系。
培养学生的批判性思维和信息筛选能力。
帮助学生理解文本结构，掌握作者的写作意图。
Answer the question:
The author suggests that the rise of Impressionism was directly related to the invention of photography. Do you agree or disagree with the idea that the rise of Impressionism was directly related to the invention of photography Provide two reasons for your opinion.
Possible answer：
I disagree with the idea that the rise of Impressionism was directly related to the invention of photography.
Independent Artistic Movement: Impressionism arose due to changes in artistic ideology, focusing on capturing light, color, and fleeting moments, which were different from the precise and static nature of photography. Artists like Monet and Renoir sought to express subjective impressions, not just reproduce reality like photography.
2. Cultural and Social Influences: The rise of Impressionism was influenced by broader cultural and social changes, such as the Industrial Revolution, urbanization, and the development of modern science, which motivated artists to break free from traditional artistic conventions.
B. Compare & Contrast
Compare the argument that Impressionism was influenced by photography with the argument that it was influenced by other factors, such as changes in social and artistic ideologies. Which argument seems more convincing to you, and why
Possible answer：
The argument that Impressionism was influenced by photography focuses on the technical similarities between the two, such as capturing fleeting moments and breaking from traditional realism. However, I find the argument that Impressionism was influenced by social and artistic changes more convincing.
Cultural and Social Shifts: The rise of Impressionism was deeply connected to modern life, including urbanization, industrialization, and new scientific discoveries, which provided a context for exploring subjective experiences.
Artistic Ideology: Impressionist artists were motivated by a desire to express personal perception and emotions rather than mimic reality. This artistic freedom was less about photography and more about responding to broader artistic movements like Romanticism and Realism.
C. Debate
Prepare for a debate where one side agrees that the invention of photography influenced the rise of Impressionism, and the other side disagrees. Each side should present two key arguments to support their position.
Supporting Viewpoint (Agree that Photography Influenced Impressionism)：
Capturing Movement: Photography allowed artists to study light and motion in ways they had never done before. It influenced Impressionists like Degas, who incorporated elements of motion into his work.
Breaking Realism: Photography's ability to capture precise detail and realistic images freed artists from the need to replicate reality, which led to a focus on individual perception and interpretation, central to the Impressionist movement.
Opposing Viewpoint (Disagree that Photography Influenced Impressionism：
Independent Artistic Vision: Impressionism arose as a rebellion against the rigid academic tradition of realism, which photography did not influence. Artists sought to capture emotional experiences and subjective impressions, not just photographic accuracy.
Influence of Science and Modern Life: The development of Impressionism was largely influenced by advances in optics, color theory, and the interest in capturing ephemeral moments, rather than the direct influence of photography.
目的：本题测试学生是否能清晰表达自己的观点，同时能组织逻辑合理的支持理由，鼓励学生表明个人立场并提供充分的论据。
阅读技能目标：
批判性思维与论证能力：学生通过评价不同观点，学会构建合理的论点和反驳他人观点。
跨学科思维：通过结合视觉分析、技术发展与艺术历史，学生的跨学科思维能力得以提升。
有效沟通与表达能力：通过辩论、短答、文章反思等形式，学生能更好地表达和支持自己的观点。
III. Structural Analysis and Creative Output（How结构分析与创造性输出）
1.
A. Match each historical period to its correct characteristics.
Historical Period Characteristics
1. Middle Ages (5th-15th century) A. Abstract forms, experimental approaches
2. Renaissance (14th-17th century) B. Realism, perspective, humanistic themes
3. Impressionism (late 19th-early 20th century) C. Religious themes, flat, two-dimensional style
4. Modern Art (20th century to present) D. Focus on capturing subjective impressions of color and light
Answer: 1-C, 2-B, 3-D, 4-A
B.Fill in t he blanks using appropriate terms from the text to describe each historical period.
1)Middle Ages paintings were mainly ___________, with subjects that were __________ and figures portrayed in a __________ style.
2)Renaissance painters introduced ____________ and used ___________ techniques to make paintings appear more realistic and three-dimensional.
3)Impressionists emphasized capturing ____________ and the effects of ___________, focusing more on personal ___________ than realism.
4)Modern art explores __________ forms and ____________ techniques, questioning traditional artistic values.
Answer：
religious; flat; two-dimensional
perspective; realistic
fleeting moments; light; impressions
4) abstract; experimental
C. Judge whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F).
1) Renaissance paintings emphasized realism and perspective to portray humanism. (T)
2) Modern art returned to the religious and flat style typical of Middle Ages art. (F)
3) Impressionist painters were mainly interested in precise and detailed realism. (F)
4) Medieval paintings often depicted religious themes in a two-dimensional style. (T)
D. Summarize the main characteristics or innovations of painting from each historical period:
Historical Period Key Features or Characteristics
Middle Ages (5th-15th century)
Renaissance (14th-17th century)
Impressionism (late 19th-early 20th century)
Modern Art (20th century to present)
Answer:
Historical Period Key Features or Characteristics
Middle Ages (5th-15th century) Religious themes, flat, symbolic imagery, two-dimensional style.
Renaissance (14th-17th century) Realism, use of perspective, humanistic themes, depth, oil painting.
Impressionism (late 19th-early 20th century) Capturing fleeting moments, emphasis on light, color, personal impressions, rapid brushstrokes.
Modern Art (20th century to present) Abstract forms, experimentation, challenging traditional artistic values, diverse methods of expression.
目的：
帮助学生对文本中的信息进行归纳总结，使他们明确各历史阶段艺术风格的主要特征。
培养学生的概括能力和信息提取能力，促进其对文本整体结构的理解。
通过对历史时期的归纳，提升学生的宏观把握能力和历史意识。
阅读技能目标：
细节理解能力：匹配题、填空题
信息整合与归纳能力：排序题、填空题
批判性思维与判断能力：是非判断题
表达与逻辑思维能力：开放性比较分析题
2.
A. Multiple Choice
What is the author's main reason for repeatedly mentioning specific historical artists such as Giotto, Masaccio, and Monet
A. To describe the artists’personal backgrounds and life stories.
B. To illustrate key developments and innovations in art history.
C. To criticize earlier artistic traditions.
D. To encourage readers to become artists themselves.
Answer：B
B. What is the author's purpose in repeatedly mentioning specific historical artists and their works Give specific examples from the text.
Answer:
The author repeatedly refers to historical artists like Monet and Picasso to demonstrate major shifts in painting techniques. For example, Monet’s Impressionist paintings highlight a departure from realism by capturing subjective impressions of color and light, while Picasso's abstract works reflect modern art's experimental nature.
C. Why do you think the author chooses to highlight specific artists rather than discussing artistic movements in general terms How does this choice affect your understanding of art history
Answer:
The author highlights specific artists to provide concrete examples that make abstract artistic concepts easier to understand. This helps readers visualize the historical progression clearly, deepening their understanding of how individual innovations influenced broader art movements.
目的： 该问题帮助学生识别作者在写作中反复举例的意图与策略.
阅读技能目标：
作者写作意图分析
信息整合能力
培养学生批判性思考作者的写作技巧和表达效果。
提升学生运用清晰的语言表达观点，并有效引用具体文本内容进行支撑的能力。
IV. Critical Thinking and Application（批判性思维与实践运用）
1.
Some art critics argue that modern art no longer requires technical skill because it focuses heavily on abstract expression and conceptual ideas. Do you agree or disagree Give two specific reasons related to the development of painting from the article to support your view.
Possible Answer:
I disagree with the idea that modern art no longer requires technical skill, despite its emphasis on abstract expression and conceptual ideas.
Reason 1: Historical Continuity in Technique
Modern artists, such as Picasso, experimented significantly with abstraction and new visual languages, yet their innovations were deeply rooted in a profound understanding of traditional techniques. Picasso mastered classical realism and perspective early in his career before breaking those conventions. His Cubist paintings still demonstrate meticulous compositional skills and a precise handling of forms, proving technical mastery remains essential.
Reason 2: Complexity in Abstract Expression
Abstract or conceptual art requires specialized skills distinct from classical realism but equally demanding. Impressionists like Monet moved away from detailed realism to capturing fleeting moments through color and light, yet their seemingly spontaneous brushstrokes required precise control and skillful color manipulation. Similarly, modern abstract artists carefully manage composition, balance, color theory, and visual impact. Thus, abstract expression still necessitates sophisticated technical abilities.
Overall, the shift to abstraction and conceptual ideas expands rather than reduces the technical skills required in modern art.
B. Briefly explain your opinion on whether technical skills remain important in modern art, giving at least one historical example from the text to support your view.
Answer：
I believe technical skills remain essential in modern art. Even abstract artists like Picasso utilized extensive technical knowledge of composition, color theory, and form to effectively communicate abstract concepts. This shows that technical proficiency is still important, though the form it takes might differ from traditional realism.
2.
Imagine photography had never been invented. How do you think this might have
influenced the development of painting after the Renaissance Would Impressionism or Modern Art still have emerged Explain your reasoning.
Answer：Without photography, artists might have continued striving for realism much longer. Impressionism, which partly emerged as a reaction to photography’s accuracy, might have developed more slowly or differently. Artists might have still explored subjective expressions, but perhaps less boldly or later, since the need to replicate reality might have remained central longer.
B. Debate
Divide into two groups to debate the following statement:
"If photography had never been invented, Impressionism and Modern Art would not have emerged." Prepare two key arguments to support your group's position.
Suggestions：
Group 1: Agree (支持观点)
观点：“如果摄影未被发明，印象派与现代艺术将不会出现。”
Argument 1: Photography Encouraged Artistic Freedom
Photography captured reality precisely, forcing artists to rethink their purpose. Because realistic representation was achievable by photographs, artists like Monet and Renoir deliberately pursued subjective experiences, giving rise to Impressionism’s unique style.
Argument 2: Photography Inspired Experimental Approaches
Modern Art movements such as Cubism and abstract art emerged as reactions to photography's realism. Artists such as Picasso intentionally rejected photographic realism, turning to radical experimentation and abstraction, pushing the boundaries of traditional painting.
Group 2: Disagree (反对观点)
观点：“即使摄影未被发明，印象派与现代艺术仍然会出现。”
Argument 1: Cultural and Social Changes Drove Artistic Innovation
Impressionism and Modern Art were primarily driven by broader cultural and societal shifts, like urbanization, industrialization, and new philosophical ideas. Artists would still have experimented and developed new artistic styles to reflect these societal changes, independent of photography.
Argument 2: Artistic Evolution is Independent of Photography
Throughout history, art has continually evolved due to artists' natural exploration and desire for innovation. Even without photography, artists would still have explored subjective experiences, color theory, and abstraction, as demonstrated by earlier shifts from medieval flatness to Renaissance realism.
C. Short Essay Writing
Write a short essay exploring how the absence of photography could have altered artistic styles or methods after the Renaissance. Support your analysis by referring to specific historical artists or movements discussed in the text.
Possible Answer :
If photography had never been invented, artistic styles after the Renaissance would likely have evolved differently. Impressionism, represented by Monet and Renoir, partly reacted to photography's realism by emphasizing subjective impressions and rapid brushstrokes. Without photography, artists might have continued pursuing detailed realism longer, slowing the rise of Impressionism. Similarly, Modern Art movements such as Picasso's Cubism, influenced by photography’s realism, might not have shifted so rapidly toward abstraction. Thus, without photography, artists would have less urgency to break traditional realism, significantly altering the timeline and nature of both Impressionism and Modern Art.
设问目的：
引导学生从不同立场深入分析历史发展的可能性。
培养学生对观点的辩证思考与论证能力。
阅读技能培养目标：
批判性思维
论证与表达能力
信息整合与逻辑推理能力
V. 词块积累及应用
1. 绘制思维导图：
中心词：A Short History of Western Painting
分支 1：Middle Ages (5th-15th century)
分支 2：Renaissance (14th-17th century)
分支 3：Impressionism (late 19th-early 20th century)
分支 4：Modern Art (20th century to present)
分支 5：External Influences
A. 表达历史时期的转折与变化
It is impossible to describe them all in a short text.
This began to change in the 13th century...
New ideas and values gradually replaced old ones.
An important breakthrough during this period was...
Another innovation was...
The emphasis increasingly shifted from...to...
Painters had to find a new way of looking at their art.
The development of Western art slowed until...
From this, Impressionism emerged in France.
B. 艺术时期与风格的描述表达
1. During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was...
2. Their works were primitive and two-dimensional.
3. Painters concentrated less on religious themes.
4. Painters began to adopt a more humanistic attitude.
5. Some of the best oil paintings look like photographs.
6. Impressionists aimed to convey the light and movement in the scene.
7. Paintings were no longer needed to preserve reality after the invention of photography.
8. Artists turned to abstract art.
C. 表示艺术家的重要性与贡献
1. ...built upon Giotto and Masaccio’s innovations.
2. Rembrandt gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light.
3. Painters such as Picasso tried to analyze the shapes...
D. 描述艺术家风格及作品特征
1. His paintings are set apart by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact.
2. Monet’s aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene.
3. Renoir’s paintings are full of light, shadow, colour, and life.
4. He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects, but their inner warmth and humanity.
E. 总结与观点输出
1. It is hard to give a precise definition of...
2. Perhaps the best way to understand... is to look at...
3. Painters had to find a new way of looking at their art.
4. Artists began to ask,“What is art ”
目的：通过整理文章中语言表达，帮助学生深入理解文本、优化表达技巧，最终提升语言综合能力与批判性思维水平。
2. 迁移应用：
A. Imagine you are guiding visitors through an art exhibition showcasing different periods of an art form (painting, sculpture, photography). Write a short guide explaining historical shifts, artistic characteristics, and notable contributors.
词汇：began to adopt ...,an important breakthrough during this period
句型：It is impossible to describe them all in a short text.
目的：帮助学生将所学的语言表达运用于真实语境（展览导览）中,巩固与强化学生对特定表达（如历史变化、艺术风格、艺术家贡献、作品特征）的实际掌握与灵活应用。
B. Prepare a 3-minute oral presentation about a historical development of your favorite art form (e.g., cinema, music, literature). Describe major changes, key figures, and contributions clearly.
词汇：gained a reputation as a master, built upon earlier innovations
句型：The emphasis increasingly shifted from... to...
目的：提升学生在真实的口头交际情境中准确表达、流畅沟通的能力。
C. 创意海报设计
Create a poster illustrating the historical development and major changes of an art movement (e.g. Impressionism, Jazz music, Modern architecture). Include brief written explanations on your poster using at least three expressions from the list to show historical shifts, important artists, and your own understanding.
词汇：emerge，aimed to do, convey, build upon
句型：Perhaps the best way to understand... is to look at...
目的： 该任务聚焦于词汇积累和应用，帮助学生有效地整合并灵活运用语言表达, 引导学生主动选择与组织信息，在真实情境中运用英语表达观点。
阅读技能目标：
帮助学生更深刻地理解所学语言表达的文化与历史背景，提升跨文化交际与语言运用能力。XB3U1人教版选必3 Unit1阅读单（学生版）
Reading Comprehension Worksheet（学生版）
XBook 3 Unit 1 Reading and Thinking: A short history of western painting
Understanding and Main Idea Extraction（What文章理解与主旨提取）
1.
A. What is the main idea of the passage
A. The techniques and materials used in Western painting.
B. The religious influence on Western painting throughout history.
C. The evolution of Western painting styles and their characteristics.
D. The role of photography in the development of Western painting.
B. Fill in the blanks with the best option based on the passage.
The passage mainly discusses the ______________ of Western painting over different time periods, highlighting its ______________ and key artists.
A. religious influence; materials
B. evolution; styles
C. techniques; impact of photography
D. color theory; historical background
C. Rearrange the following phrases to form the best summary of the passage.
(A) The Renaissance introduced humanistic themes and perspective techniques.
(B) The passage describes the development of Western painting.
(C) Modern art introduced abstract forms and new perspectives.
(D) Impressionists focused on light and movement rather than realistic details.
(E) The Middle Ages emphasized religious themes and symbolic figures.
2.
Open Cloze Task
Fill in the blanks with the correct words that describe the characteristics of each art period.
During the Middle Ages, painters used ________ art mainly for religious teaching.
The Renaissance introduced the technique of ________ to create depth in paintings.
Impressionist artists focused on ________ and movement rather than fine details.
Modern Art questioned traditional concepts of ________ and experimented with new styles.
Matching Task
Match each art period with the correct characteristic.
Art Period Key Characteristics
A. Middle Ages 1. Used ________ art mainly for religious teaching.
B. Renaissance 2. Introduced the technique of ________ to create depth.
C. Impressionism 3. Focused on ________ and movement rather than details.
D. Modern Art 4. Questioned traditional concepts of ________ and experimented with new styles.
Word Bank: Light, Perspective, Art, Primitive
Sequencing Task
The following descriptions are out of order. Put them in the correct historical sequence by numbering them 1–4.
( ) This period used Primitive art mainly for religious teaching.
( ) This period introduced Perspective to create depth.
( ) This period focused on Light and movement rather than details.
( ) This period questioned traditional concepts of Art and experimented with new styles.
3.
Multiple Choice
Which statement best describes the characteristics of Renaissance painting
A.Renaissance artists continued to focus mainly on religious themes.
B. The use of perspective enhanced realism, and artists adopted a more humanistic approach.
C. Oil painting was rarely used during this period.
D. Renaissance paintings returned to the two-dimensional style of the Middle Ages.
Fill-in-the-Blanks
Complete the following sentences about Renaissance painting with the correct words.
Renaissance artists introduced the technique of ________ to create depth and enhance realism.
Instead of focusing solely on religious themes, they adopted a more ________ approach to life
and art.
A significant development during this period was the increased use of ________ paints, which
improved the richness of colors.
Compared to the Middle Ages, Renaissance paintings placed more emphasis on ________ and
the natural world.
C. True/False
Decide whether the following statements about Renaissance painting are True (T) or False (F). Provide evidence from the passage.
Renaissance artists mainly focused on religious themes. (T / F)
The use of perspective enhanced realism in Renaissance painting. (T / F)
Oil painting was uncommon during the Renaissance period. (T / F)
Renaissance artists adopted a more humanistic approach. (T / F)
Ⅱ. Emotional and Deeper Meaning Analysis（Why情感与深层意义分析）
1.
A. Multiple Choice
Why does the author mention Giotto and Masaccio
A. They introduced the use of oil painting in Renaissance art.
B. They pioneered techniques that created depth and realism.
C. They were famous for their use of abstract and experimental techniques.
D. They primarily painted religious frescoes without any artistic innovation.
B. Fill in the Blanks
Giotto and Masaccio were significant in art history because they introduced ___________ and ___________, which allowed Renaissance painters to achieve greater realism and depth.
C. Compare & Contrast
Compare and contrast the artistic techniques of Giotto and Masaccio. In what ways were their innovations similar How did Masaccio improve upon Giotto’s techniques
2.
A.Answer the question:
The author suggests that the rise of Impressionism was directly related to the invention of photography. Do you agree or disagree with the idea that the rise of Impressionism was directly related to the invention of photography Provide two reasons for your opinion.
B. Compare & Contrast
Compare the argument that Impressionism was influenced by photography with the argument that it was influenced by other factors, such as changes in social and artistic ideologies. Which argument seems more convincing to you, and why
C. Debate
Prepare for a debate where one side agrees that the invention of photography influenced the rise of Impressionism, and the other side disagrees. Each side should present two key arguments to support their position.
III. Structural Analysis and Creative Output（How结构分析与创造性输出）
1.
A. Match each historical period to its correct characteristics.
Historical Period Characteristics
1. Middle Ages (5th-15th century) A. Abstract forms, experimental approaches
2. Renaissance (14th-17th century) B. Realism, perspective, humanistic themes
Impressionism (late 19th-early 20th century) C. Religious themes, flat, two-dimensional style
4. Modern Art (20th century to present) D. Focus on capturing subjective impressions of color and light
B. Fill in the blanks using appropriate terms from the text to describe each historical period.
1)Middle Ages paintings were mainly ___________, with subjects that were __________ and figures portrayed in a __________ style.
2)Renaissance painters introduced ____________ and used ___________ techniques to make paintings appear more realistic and three-dimensional.
3)Impressionists emphasized capturing ____________ and the effects of ___________, focusing more on personal ___________ than realism.
4)Modern art explores __________ forms and ____________ techniques, questioning traditional artistic values.
C. Judge whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F).
1) Renaissance paintings emphasized realism and perspective to portray humanism.
2) Modern art returned to the religious and flat style typical of Middle Ages art.
3) Impressionist painters were mainly interested in precise and detailed realism.
4) Medieval paintings often depicted religious themes in a two-dimensional style.
D. Summarize the main characteristics or innovations of painting from each historical period:
Historical Period Key Features or Characteristics
Middle Ages (5th-15th century)
Renaissance (14th-17th century)
Impressionism (late 19th-early 20th century)
Modern Art (20th century to present)
2.
A. Multiple Choice
What is the author's main reason for repeatedly mentioning specific historical artists such as Giotto, Masaccio, and Monet
A. To describe the artists’personal backgrounds and life stories.
B. To illustrate key developments and innovations in art history.
C. To criticize earlier artistic traditions.
D. To encourage readers to become artists themselves.
B. What is the author's purpose in repeatedly mentioning specific historical artists and their works Give specific examples from the text.
Why do you think the author chooses to highlight specific artists rather than discussing
artistic movements in general terms How does this choice affect your understanding of art history
IV. Critical Thinking and Application（批判性思维与实践运用）
1.
Some art critics argue that modern art no longer requires technical skill because it focuses heavily on abstract expression and conceptual ideas. Do you agree or disagree Give two specific reasons related to the development of painting from the article to support your view.
B. Briefly explain your opinion on whether technical skills remain important in modern art, giving at least one historical example from the text to support your view.
2.
Imagine photography had never been invented. How do you think this might have
influenced the development of painting after the Renaissance Would Impressionism or Modern Art still have emerged Explain your reasoning.
B. Debate
Divide into two groups to debate the following statement:
"If photography had never been invented, Impressionism and Modern Art would not have emerged." Prepare two key arguments to support your group's position.
C. Short Essay Writing
Write a short essay exploring how the absence of photography could have altered artistic styles or methods after the Renaissance. Support your analysis by referring to specific historical artists or movements discussed in the text.
V. 词块积累及应用
1. 绘制思维导图：
中心词：A Short History of Western Painting
分支 1：Middle Ages (5th-15th century)
分支 2：Renaissance (14th-17th century)
分支 3：Impressionism (late 19th-early 20th century)
分支 4：Modern Art (20th century to present)
分支 5：External Influences
A. 表达历史时期的转折与变化
B. 艺术时期与风格的描述表达
C. 表示艺术家的重要性与贡献
D. 描述艺术家风格及作品特征
E. 总结与观点输出
2. 迁移应用：
A. Imagine you are guiding visitors through an art exhibition showcasing different periods of an art form (painting, sculpture, photography). Write a short guide explaining historical shifts, artistic characteristics, and notable contributors.
词汇：began to adopt ...,an important breakthrough during this period
句型：It is impossible to describe them all in a short text.
B. Prepare a 3-minute oral presentation about a historical development of your favorite art form (e.g., cinema, music, literature). Describe major changes, key figures, and contributions clearly.
词汇：gained a reputation as a master, built upon earlier innovations
句型：The emphasis increasingly shifted from... to...
C. 创意海报设计
Create a poster illustrating the historical development and major changes of an art movement (e.g. Impressionism, Jazz music, Modern architecture). Include brief written explanations on your poster using at least three expressions from the list to show historical shifts, important artists, and your own understanding.
词汇：emerge，aimed to do, convey, build upon
句型：Perhaps the best way to understand... is to look at...
