XB3U2人教版选必3 Unit2语篇分析+阅读单（教师版）
选择性必修3 Unit2 Reading and Thinking语篇分析
分析维度 内容项
What：语篇的主题、内容、结构、逻辑关系 一、文章基本信息 文章标题：Habits For a Healthy Lifestyle作者： 文章类型：说明文，旨在向读者介绍关于习惯养成及改变的相关知识，强调养成健康生活习惯的重要性和方法。主题/中心思想：文章围绕青少年养成健康生活习惯展开，阐述了坏习惯的危害，介绍了习惯形成的 “习惯周期” 原理，并提供了利用该原理改变坏习惯和养成好习惯的方法，同时强调改变习惯应循序渐进，鼓励年轻人积极改变。
二、文本结构与内容分析 整体结构：文章分为四个部分：第一部分为引言，介绍青少年容易养成坏习惯的现象及其潜在危害；第二部分是习惯的形成机制，解释习惯周期（提示、惯例、奖励）；第三部分是如何改变坏习惯，通过调整习惯周期来改变坏习惯和养成好习惯；第四部分是结论，强调改变习惯需要时间和毅力，鼓励青少年逐步改变。段落分布：文章的结构非常简洁，符合说明文的文章结构和分布。引言部分是第1段，提出青少年易养成坏习惯的现象及危害；主体部分中包含第2-3段描述习惯的形成、习惯周期，以及第4-5段讲述利用习惯周期改变和养成习惯的方法；结论部分为第6段，强调改变习惯要循序渐进，鼓励年轻人积极行动。逻辑关系：因果关系：文章通过因果关系解释了坏习惯的形成及其危害。坏习惯逻辑链条：独立决策 → 缺乏自我控制 → 养成坏习惯 → 潜在的健康问题；坏习惯的潜在危害逻辑链条：坏习惯 → 生理或心理健康问题 → 生活质量下降。通过这种因果关系的论述，文章成功地向读者传达了坏习惯的危害性，并引出了改变坏习惯的必要性。对比关系：文章通过对比关系展示了坏习惯与好习惯之间的差异，帮助读者理解如何通过调整习惯周期来改变坏习惯并养成好习惯。这种逻辑关系增强了文章的实用性和说服力。例证关系：文章通过具体的例子（如吃零食、爬楼梯）来解释习惯周期的运作方式，帮助读者更好地理解习惯的形成和改变过程。这种逻辑关系使抽象的理论具体化，增强了文章的可读性和实用性。衔接与连贯：使用了 “However”“For example”“In fact” 等连接词。“However” 用于引出青少年养成坏习惯这一问题，形成转折；“For example” 在举例说明习惯周期和利用习惯周期改变习惯时多次使用，使文章内容更具说服力；“In fact” 用于强调改变习惯的正确方式，增强了文章的逻辑性。同时，代词 “they”“this” 等的合理运用，使上下文指代清晰，衔接紧密。通过重复关键词（如“habits”“change”“cycle”）来增强连贯性。段落功能：每个部分的段落功能明确：第一段引出话题，强调青少年养成坏习惯的危害及改变的重要性；第二至三段阐述习惯的形成过程，为后文介绍习惯周期做理论铺垫；第四至五段提供具体方法，帮助读者改变坏习惯和养成好习惯；最后一段总结全文，强调改变习惯的正确态度并鼓励年轻人积极改变。
Why：语篇的深层涵义、情感态度、作者意图 三、写作意图与文化背景分析 文化背景：文章引用的亚里士多德的名言：“We are what we repeatedly do.” 这句话强调了习惯的力量，即我们的行为模式决定了我们是谁。这与西方心理学中的行为主义理论相契合，强调通过重复行为来形成习惯。文章引用老子的名言：“千里之行，始于足下。” 这句话强调了逐步改变的重要性，即任何大的改变都始于小的行动。这与东方文化中的“循序渐进”思想相契合，强调通过小步积累来实现大的目标。这种跨文化视角不仅增强了文章的说服力，还为读者提供了多元化的思考方式。背景知识的运用：文章运用了现代心理学中 “习惯周期” 的知识，读者需要了解这一概念才能更好地理解文章中关于习惯形成和改变的内容。写作意图：作者旨在向青少年传达养成健康生活习惯的重要性，帮助他们认识到坏习惯的危害，同时介绍科学的方法帮助他们改变坏习惯、养成好习惯，引导青少年树立正确的生活态度，培养健康的生活方式。
四、情感态度与价值取向分析 情感态度：作者对青少年养成健康生活习惯持积极鼓励的态度，对他们养成坏习惯表示担忧，同时对他们能够改变习惯充满信心，如 “你有能力建立一个充满良好习惯的快乐而健康的生活！” 体现出对青少年的肯定和鼓励。价值取向：文章传达了追求健康生活、积极改变自我、克服困难等价值观，强调通过自我约束和正确方法养成良好习惯，实现健康生活，反映了积极向上的道德和社会价值观。
五、论点与文章有效性分析 论点清晰度与证据支持：文章论点清晰，围绕养成健康生活习惯这一核心，阐述了多个分论点，如坏习惯的危害、习惯周期的原理、改变和养成习惯的方法等。通过具体的例子，如青少年吸烟酗酒的危害、吃零食缓解不开心形成坏习惯的例子等，为论点提供了充分的证据支持，使文章内容充实、论证有力。文章有效性与局限性：文章在说明习惯养成和改变的方法上表现出较强的说服力，通过科学的 “习惯周期” 理论和实际生活中的例子相结合，让读者能够理解并尝试运用这些方法。但文章可能存在局限性，如对于习惯改变过程中可能遇到的复杂心理和实际困难讨论不够深入，未提及一些特殊情况下习惯改变的应对策略。在探讨习惯养成和改变时，个体差异对文章所提方法的效果影响显著。例如：年龄差异、性别差异、不同文化背景以及同伴压力可能对习惯改变的干扰。文章与现实的联系：文章观点与现实生活紧密相关，青少年在成长过程中确实面临养成各种习惯的问题，文章所提供的方法具有很强的实用性，容易引发读者共鸣，帮助青少年在现实生活中应对习惯养成和改变的挑战。
六、逻辑关系与推理分析 显性逻辑关系：文章存在明显的因果关系，如因为青少年易养成坏习惯且可能导致严重后果，所以要防止坏习惯支配他们的生活；因为了解习惯周期的原理，所以可以利用它来改变坏习惯和养成好习惯。同时，还存在例证关系，通过多个具体例子，如吸烟酗酒、吃零食、乘坐扶梯等，说明习惯相关的概念和方法。以及对比关系，通过坏习惯与好习惯的对比，清晰地展示了如何通过调整习惯周期来改变坏习惯并养成好习惯，增强了文章的实用性和说服力。隐性推理与假设：文章暗示了如果青少年不了解习惯周期原理，可能难以有效改变坏习惯。假设读者按照文章介绍的方法，结合自身情况，运用习惯周期，就能够成功改变坏习惯并养成好习惯。
How：语篇的文体特征、语言特点、修辞手法、结构分析 七、语言与文体特征分析 语言特点：语言通俗易懂，多使用常见词汇和简单句式，便于读者理解。文章语言简洁明了，使用了学术词汇（如“habit cycle”）和感彩词汇（如“pessimistic”）,增强了文章的感染力。文章在描述习惯相关概念时，运用了丰富的近义词来精准表达含义。例如，“habit”,“routine” 都与习惯相关，但 “habit” 更强调长期形成的行为模式，“routine” 侧重于日常惯例行为。在描述改变习惯的过程时，“change”,“adapt”,“replace” 等词，“change” 较为宽泛，涵盖习惯的各种改变；“adapt” 强调根据情况做出调整，更突出主动性和灵活性；“replace” 则明确表示用新行为替代旧行为，突出改变的针对性。这些近义词的运用，使表达更加丰富多样，避免了重复单调。句式与句型分析：以简单句为主，如 “Some teenagers may become addicted to smoking or alcohol...”；还有，文章在引用老子名言时使用了短句：“One step.” 这种句式变化不仅增强了文章的节奏感，还突出了改变习惯的简单性和重要性。也有少量复合句, 如：“If these bad habits are not controlled, they may lead to more serious ones as they grow up.”，使用了条件状语从句和时间状语从句。“If these bad habits are not controlled” 是条件状语，表明坏习惯未被控制这一前提条件；“as they grow up” 是时间状语，限定了坏习惯产生更严重后果的时间范围。这种复合句的使用，在一个句子中表达了多个逻辑关系，使信息传达更紧凑、准确，同时也增强了句子的复杂性和逻辑性，体现了作者在语言组织上的能力。文体特征：具有科普性质，属于正式文体，但语言表达较为亲和，兼具一定的指导性，旨在向读者传递知识和方法。修辞手法：文章使用了引用的修辞手法，引用亚里士多德和老子的名言，增强了文章的权威性和文化底蕴，使论证更具说服力。同时老子的名言也使用了比喻（如“A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step”）和排比（如“cue, routine, reward”）来增强表达效果。语气、态度： 语气客观，在介绍习惯相关知识时较为中立，但在鼓励年轻人改变习惯时带有主观情感色彩，积极引导读者行动。
八、写作手法分析 写作技巧与表达方式：运用了举例说明的写作技巧，通过具体事例使抽象的概念和方法更加直观易懂。如用吃零食缓解不开心的例子解释习惯周期，用乘坐扶梯和爬楼梯的对比说明养成好习惯的方法。同时，引用名言使文章更具文化内涵，增强了文章的可读性和说服力。
九、个人理解与批判性思维 个人理解与反思：文文章内容具有很强的实用性，同意作者关于养成健康生活习惯的观点和方法。它让读者可以认识到习惯养成和改变是有规律可循的，并且改变习惯需要耐心和毅力。文章改变了读者对习惯的看法，让读者意识到可以通过科学方法积极调整自己的习惯。批判性思维与反思：文章整体逻辑清晰、论证充分，但在探讨习惯改变时，对于个体差异的考虑略显不足。不同性格、生活环境的青少年在改变习惯时面临的困难和应对方式可能不同，文章未深入讨论。在运用批判性思维对待作者的论证时，应结合自身实际情况，考虑文章方法的适用性，同时思考如何在实践中更好地应对可能出现的问题。针对习惯改变复杂心理探讨：文章可补充习惯改变过程中常见的心理问题及应对策略。比如，很多人在改变习惯初期会出现焦虑情绪，担心自己无法成功改变。针对这种情况，可以建议青少年通过设定小目标、逐步实现的方式来缓解焦虑。特殊情况应对策略补充：考虑到一些特殊情况，如学习压力过大、家庭环境突变等对习惯养成和改变的影响。在学习压力大时，青少年可能更容易依赖不良习惯来缓解压力，这时可以引导他们利用碎片时间进行简单的放松活动。对于家庭环境突变，如亲人离世、父母离异等情况，可能导致青少年心理波动大，难以集中精力改变习惯，文章可以建议寻求家人、朋友或专业心理咨询师的支持，在他人帮助下重新建立积极的生活习惯。
课文语言表达梳理 一、坏习惯危害相关表达1. "These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults." 用法：该句使用了"if left unchecked"（如果不加以制止）这一条件状语从句的省略形式，强调坏习惯不被制止的后果，其中"left unchecked"是过去分词短语作条件状语。替换表达："These bad habits, if not dealt with in time, might result in more severe ones as they grow into adults."2."Some of them may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse, which can lead to physical and mental health problems." 用法：此句中"become involved in"表示“参与、涉及”，后接不好的事物，如“tobacco or alcohol abuse”（烟草或酒精滥用），"which"引导非限制性定语从句，进一步说明前面整个句子所带来的结果。替换表达："Some may get into tobacco or alcohol abuse, causing both physical and mental health issues."
二、习惯改变相关表达3. "To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts." 用法：句中"To change bad habits"是动词不定式短语作主语，表示“改变坏习惯”，"never"表示否定，强调改变坏习惯的难度，"even with many attempts"是"even if there are many attempts"的省略形式，意为“即使有很多尝试”。替换表达："It is not easy to change bad habits at all, despite numerous tries."4."In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time." 此句中"the most successful way to change"用法：表示“改变的最成功的方式”，"not...but..."结构用于对比两种改变方式，强调改变习惯需要时间。替换表达："Actually, the most effective approach to making changes is not abruptly, but gradually over a certain length of time."
三、习惯循环相关表达5."According to modern psychology, we must first learn about the 'habit cycle', which works like this:" 用法：这里"according to"表示“根据”，引出依据，即“现代心理学”，"which"引导非限制性定语从句，对"the 'habit cycle'"进行补充说明，解释习惯循环的工作原理。替换表达："Based on modern psychology, we should initially get to know the 'habit cycle', which functions in the following way."6."Firstly, there is a 'cue', an action, event, or situation that acts as a signal to do something." 用法：句中"Firstly"表示顺序，"there is a 'cue'"表示存在一个“提示”，"that"引导定语从句，修饰"a 'cue'"，解释提示的具体内容，即“一个作为做某事信号的行为、事件或情况”。替换表达："To start with, a 'cue' exists, which is an action, event, or situation serving as a signal for doing something."
四、建议劝诫相关表达7."To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them." 用法：句中"To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits"是动词不定式短语作目的状语，表示“为了促进我们坏习惯的积极改变”，"must"表示必须，强调必要性，"first examine...then try to adapt"表示先后顺序，即先检查后尝试调整。替换表达："In order to make a positive change in our bad habits, we are required to first analyze our bad habit cycles and then attempt to modify them.""You have the power to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits!" 用法：此句中"have the power to do sth."表示“有做某事的能力”，"build a happy and healthy life"是动词短语，意为“构建幸福健康的生活”，"full of good habits"是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰"life"。替换表达："You are capable of creating a life filled with happiness, health and good habits."
文章结构梳理 Article Analysis: First Impressions
1. Main IdeaThe main idea of the whole passage is to discuss how to develop a healthy lifestyle by understanding and changing habits. It emphasizes the importance of recognizing and correcting bad habits early, introduces the concept of the "habit cycle" including a cue, routine, and reward, and provides methods for changing bad habits and forming good ones. The passage also stresses that changing habits requires time, discipline, and gradual steps rather than quick fixes, and encourages young people to take control of their habits to build a happy and healthy life.
2. Paragraph Summaries and FunctionsPara 1: Introduction to Teenagers and Bad HabitsSummary: Teenagers become more independent as they grow up, but this period also makes them prone to forming bad habits, which can lead to serious problems in adulthood if not addressed.Function: Introduces the topic of bad habits among teenagers and emphasizes the importance of recognizing and changing them early.Para 2: The Difficulty of Changing HabitsSummary: Changing bad habits is difficult because they become automatic through repetition, but understanding how habits work can help in making changes.Function: Explains why changing habits is challenging and introduces the idea that habits are formed through repeated actions.Para 3: The Habit Cycle and its exampleSummary: The habit cycle consists of three stages: cue, routine, and reward. Understanding this cycle is crucial for changing habits.An example of the habit cycle is provided, showing how feeling unhappy (cue) leads to eating unhealthy snacks (routine) and feeling happy (reward), forming a bad habit.Function: Introduces the concept of the habit cycle and explains its components. Illustrate the habit cycle with a concrete example to help readers understand how habits are formed.Para 4: Changing Bad HabitsSummary: To change bad habits, we must examine the habit cycle and replace negative routines with positive ones. The habit cycle can also be used to create good habits.Function: Provides practical advice on how to change bad habits and create good ones using the habit cycle. Para 5: Gradual Change and DisciplineSummary: Changing habits is most successful when done gradually, and discipline is essential for making small, consistent steps toward change.Function: Emphasizes the importance of gradual change and discipline in breaking bad habits.Para 6: Encouragement for Young PeopleSummary: Young people have time to change bad habits, but there is no quick fix; they must take responsibility and make deliberate changes to build a healthy life..Function: Concludes the text by encouraging young people to take action and change their habits for a healthier future.
3. Key Details from Each ParagraphPara 1: Introduction to Teenagers and Bad HabitsTeenagers start making their own decisions.Bad habits like tobacco or alcohol abuse can lead to physical and mental health problems.Early recognition and change of bad habits are essential.Para 2: The Difficulty of Changing HabitsAristotle’s quote: “We are what we repeatedly do.”Habits are formed by repeating choices until they become automatic.Understanding how habits work is key to changing them.Para 3: The Habit Cycle and its exampleCue: An action, event, or situation that triggers a habit.Routine: The regular action taken in response to the cue.Reward: The positive feeling or outcome gained from the routine.The reward reinforces the habit cycle.Para 4: Changing Bad HabitsExamine the habit cycle to identify cues, routines, and rewards.Replace negative routines with positive ones (e.g., listening to music instead of eating snacks).Use the habit cycle to build good habits (e.g., taking the stairs instead of the escalator). Para 5: Gradual Change and DisciplineMany people try to change habits quickly and give up if they don’t succeed immediately.Lao Zi’s quote: “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.”Discipline and small, repeated steps are key to breaking bad habits.Para 6: Encouragement for Young PeopleYoung people have plenty of time to change bad habits.There is no “magic pill” or quick solution.Building a happy and healthy life requires deliberate changes and good habits.
Reading Comprehension Worksheet（教师版）
XB3U2 Reading and Thinking: Habits For a Healthy Lifestyle
I. Understanding and Main Idea Extraction（What文章理解与主旨提取）
What is the style of the passage
Narration B. Exposition C. Argumentation D. Fiction
Mini-dictionary - Exposition: a type of writing to inform or explain…
Introduce a real object(a dictionary, a book…)
Explain something abstract (a research, a problem…)
目的：该问题考察学生识别文章的文体类型，并辨别说明文（Exposition）与其他文体（叙事、议论、小说）的特征差异。
阅读技能目标：
文体辨别：通过定义（如"inform or explain"）和示例（如"dictionary"）掌握说明文的核心要素。培养学生的文体识别能力，增强对不同文体的理解。
A. What’s the main idea of the text and try to summarize it by a sentence.
Teenagers can gradually change bad habits and form a healthy lifestyle by understanding the "habit cycle" (cue, routine, reward).
Who are the target readers of this passage What is the author's purpose of writing this passage
Young people, especially those teenagers who want to change bad habits.
To introduce how habits are formed and how to change bad habits and create good ones.
目的： 该问题帮助学生提取文章的主旨，训练概括能力，并帮助学生理解文章的受众和作者的写作意图。
阅读技能目标：
培养学生的概括能力和主旨提取能力。
培养学生的读者意识和作者意图分析能力。
Match the main ideas with each paragraph.
A. How to change a bad habit and create a good one
B. The cycle of how habits are formed
C. Habits that can help us study better
D. Changing habits gradually
E. No easy way to change bad habits
F. What a habit is
G. Why bad teenage habits should be changed
Answer: GFBADE
目的：该问题帮助学生理解文章的结构，训练段落大意匹配能力。
阅读技能目标：
培养学生的段落理解和结构分析能力。
What are the three components of the "habit cycle" Briefly describe the function of each component.
Cue: An action, event, or situation that acts as a signal to do something.
Routine: A regular action you take in response to the cue (such as having snacks).
Reward: A good thing or feeling we get from the routine(such as feeling happy).
What examples does the article use to explain the "habit cycle"
Answer:
Negative example: Being in unhappy (cue) → Eating lots of unhealthy snacks (routine) → Feeling happy (reward) → Forming a bad habit.
Positive example: Coming to an escalator (cue) → Taking the stairs (new routine) → Having a sense of health - related accomplishment (reward) → Cultivating a good habit.
目的：该问题帮助学生深化对抽象理论（habit cycle）的理解, 帮助学生理解“习惯循环”的三个组成部分及其功能, 以及通过具体例子理解“习惯循环”。
阅读技能目标：
培养学生的细节理解和概念分析能力。
培养学生的例证分析能力和细节理解能力。
II. Emotional and Deeper Meaning Analysis（Why情感与深层意义分析）
Why is it important to change bad habits during teenage
Do you agree with the statement "Preventing bad habits is crucial for teenagers" Explain your reasons using evidence from the text.
Answer: It is important to change bad habits during teenage because these habits can lead to more serious problems in adulthood, affecting both physical and mental health.
目的：该问题帮助学生帮助学生理解改变坏习惯的重要性，特别是对青少年的影响；第二层次帮助学生通过文本证据支持自己的观点，培养批判性思维。。
阅读技能目标：
培养学生的深层意义分析和推理能力。
培养学生的批判性思维和证据支持能力。
Why does the author quote Aristotle and Lao Zi Explain with reference to the text.
Answer:
Aristotle Lao Zi
Quotation
Meaning
Aristotle ("We are what we repeatedly do") → Emphasizes the nature of habits, suggesting that change requires long-term persistence.
Lao Zi ("A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step") → Encourages gradual change, aligning with the idea that change happens step-by-step.
目的：该问题帮助学生理解作者引用名人名言的目的，分析其深层含义，建立文化关联与理论权威性。
阅读技能目标：
培养学生的引用分析和深层意义理解能力。
培养学生对比东西方哲学观点的辩证思维。
Why does the author argue against quick changes for bad habits
The article says "Many of us try to change bad habits quickly... but often become pessimistic." What might happen if someone gives up after failing once
Do you agree that "there is no 'magic pill' to help change habits" Support your answer with personal experience or social examples.
Answer: Changing habits requires self-awareness and consistent effort (e.g.reducing phone dependency by setting alternative activities).
目的：该问题帮助学生理解作者对快速改变坏习惯的反对态度，放弃改变坏习惯的后果以及通过个人经验或社会例子支持自己的观点。
阅读技能目标：
培养学生观点分析和推理能力。
培养学生推理和后果预测能力。
培养学生的批判性思维和证据支持能力。
What is the author's attitude toward teenagers changing bad habits Support your answer with evidence from the text.
Answer: The author is positive and practical, acknowledging that changing bad habits is difficult but achievable through the "habit cycle" theory and gradual actions.
How does the article’s message about gradual change relate to Chinese culture
Answer: It resonates with the proverb "水滴石穿" (A drop wears away a stone), emphasizing persistence over time—both value persistent efforts but differ in cultural context (Western individualism vs. Eastern harmony).
目的：该问题帮助学生分析作者对青少年改变坏习惯的态度,理解文章关于逐步改变的观点与中国文化的关系。
阅读技能目标：
培养学生态度分析和证据支持能力。
培养学生文化对比和深层意义理解能力。
III. Structural Analysis and Creative Output（How结构分析与创造性输出）
How is the article organized What are the transition words/connectors that show the logical flow.
1)Problem-solution: raise the problem-analyse the problem-solve the problem-draw a conclusion.The article is organized in a logical sequence that guides the reader through the problem of bad habits, the mechanisms behind habit formation, strategies for change, and finally encouragement for implementing these changes.
2)Transition words and connectors play a crucial role in showing this logical flow.
Introduction:
- "However" - Contrasts the positive aspect of youth independence with the development of bad habits.
"For example" - Illustrates the previous statement about bad habits with concrete examples (smoking, alcohol).
Body:
- "Firstly," "Secondly," "Thirdly" - Introduce the three components of the habit cycle (cue, routine, reward) in a sequential manner.
- "So" - Connects the cue, routine, and reward to show the formation of a bad habit.
- "Aside from" - Expands the discussion from changing bad habits to creating good habits.
- "In fact" - Emphasizes the point about gradual change and introduces the quote from Lao Zi.
Ending:
- "In summary" - Signals the conclusion of the article and the restatement of key points.
- "Therefore" - Connects the difficulty of change to the need for self-control and small steps.
- "However" - Contrasts the lack of a "magic pill" with the possibility of change over time.
- "Finally" - Introduces the encouraging message about the capability to build a healthy life.
These transitions help the reader understand the relationships between different parts of the text and follow the logical progression of ideas from identifying the problem, understanding its mechanics, learning strategies for change, to being motivated to take action.
B.Discuss how transitions in stories help readers understand the logic of this passage. Provide examples from the article.
Answer: Transitions in stories serve as crucial bridges that connect ideas, signal shifts in topic or perspective, and guide readers through the logical progression of the narrative. They enhance readability and comprehension by making the relationships between different parts of the text explicit. Here are some examples from the article:
However - This transition word is used to introduce a contrasting idea. For example, "However, during this period, some of them are very likely to develop bad habits." It signals to the reader that the following information contrasts with the previous statement about youth becoming more independent.
For example - This phrase is used to provide an illustration or specific instance of a previously mentioned concept. For example, "For example, some teenagers may become addicted to smoking or alcohol..." It helps readers understand the general statement about bad habits by giving concrete examples.
"Firstly," "Secondly," "Thirdly" - These transitions are used to list elements in a sequence, making the structure of the information clearer. For example, when explaining the "habit cycle," the author uses these words to outline the three components: cue, routine, and reward.
So- This word is used to indicate a result or conclusion. For example, "So, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine), which will make us feel relaxed (reward)." It helps the reader follow the logical outcome of the suggested change in habit.
Aside from - This transition is used to introduce an additional point or alternative perspective. For example, "Aside from changing bad habits, we can also use the habit cycle to create good habits." It broadens the discussion by suggesting another application of the concept.
In fact - This phrase is used to emphasize a point or provide additional information that reinforces the previous statement. For example, "In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time." It adds weight to the argument about the effectiveness of gradual change.
As- This word is used to introduce an example or analogy. For example, "As the Chinese philosopher Lao Zi wrote, 'A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.'" It connects the discussion to a well-known saying, making the point more relatable and memorable.
These transitions help readers follow the flow of ideas, understand the relationships between different parts of the text, and grasp the underlying logic of the passage more effectively.
C.Outline the article's structure using the following framework(introduction-body-ending):
Answer: Article Structure Outline
Introduction
Topic Introduction: Discusses how adolescents, while becoming more independent, are prone to developing bad habits.
Problem Statement: Notes that uncontrolled bad habits may lead to more severe ones, with examples like smoking and alcohol addiction.
Article's Purpose: Stresses the importance of preventing harmful habits from dominating youths' lives and the need to identify and change bad habits early.
Body
Difficulty of Changing Bad Habits: Quotes Aristotle to explain habit formation and the importance of understanding how habits work to facilitate change.
Explanation of the Habit Cycle:
- Cue: The signal that triggers a habit, such as feeling unhappy.
- Routine: The usual response to the cue, like eating unhealthy snacks.
- Reward: The positive feeling gained from the routine, which reinforces the habit loop.
Strategies for Changing Bad Habits:
- Examine and adjust bad habit cycles by replacing negative routines with positive ones.
- Example: Swap unhealthy habits (e.g., snacking) with healthier ones (e.g., listening to music).
- Use the habit cycle to develop good habits, like taking the stairs instead of the escalator.
Right Attitude to Change Habits: Highlights the difficulty of quick fixes, emphasizes gradual change, and quotes Lao Zi to stress starting with small steps.
Ending
Key Points Summary: Underlines that changing bad habits requires self - control and consistent small steps.
Encouragement and Outlook: Notes there's no quick solution but young people have time to change, encouraging them to address bad habits and build a healthy life with good habits.
D.Draw a mind map framework of the article using Mind-map, with the following requirements(introduction-body-ending):
Answer:
目的：该问题帮助学生理解文章的组织结构和逻辑连接词,过渡词在文章中的作用,通过框架概括文章结构,通过思维导图可视化文章，从而理解文章的核心概念和结构。
阅读技能目标：
培养学生的结构分析和逻辑连接词识别能力。
培养学生的过渡词分析和逻辑理解能力。
培养学生的结构概括和框架应用能力。
培养学生的思维导图绘制和核心概念提取能力。
Identify and analyze the function of the example in paragraph 3:
Answer: Function of the Example in Paragraph 3
Illustration of the Habit Cycle
The example of eating unhealthy snacks when unhappy vividly illustrates the three components of the habit cycle:
Cue: Feeling unhappy
Routine: Eating unhealthy snacks
Reward: The temporary feeling of happiness or comfort that comes from snacking
This concrete cycle helps readers grasp the abstract concept of how habits form through this cyclical process.
Clarification of Abstract Concepts
By providing a relatable, everyday situation, the example makes the theoretical framework of habit formation more accessible. It transforms potentially complex psychological concepts into something readers can easily visualize and understand from their own experiences.
Support for the Article's Argument
This example directly supports the article's main point about the importance of understanding how habits work in order to change them. It demonstrates how the cycle becomes self-reinforcing through the reward system, which explains why bad habits can be difficult to break.
Foundation for Subsequent Discussion
The example establishes a clear pattern that the article later builds upon when discussing strategies for changing habits. It creates a framework that readers can reference when the text introduces methods for interrupting the habit cycle and replacing negative routines with positive ones.
By including this example, the article effectively bridges the gap between theory and practice, making the information more memorable and applicable for readers who may recognize similar patterns in their own lives.
What is the effect of comparing "riding escalators" to "taking stairs"
Answer: The comparison between riding escalators and taking stairs serves as a practical illustration of how the habit cycle can be utilized to form good habits. This comparison effectively demonstrates that when we encounter a familiar situation (the cue of approaching an escalator), we can consciously choose to alter our routine by selecting a more beneficial action (taking the stairs) rather than following our habitual response (riding the escalator).
C. How does the article explain the formation of habits
Answer: The article explains the formation of habits through the concept of the "habit cycle," which consists of three key components:
1. Cue: This is the trigger or signal that prompts a specific action or behavior. It can be an emotion, a situation, a time of day, or any other stimulus that initiates the habit routine.
2. Routine: This is the action or behavior that follows the cue. It's the habitual response to the trigger, which can be physical, mental, or emotional.
3. Reward: This is the positive feeling or outcome that results from completing the routine. The reward reinforces the habit cycle, making it more likely that the behavior will be repeated in response to the same cue in the future.
The article illustrates this cycle with examples:
- When feeling unhappy (cue), a person might eat unhealthy snacks (routine), which provides temporary happiness or comfort (reward)
- When approaching an escalator (cue), the usual routine is to ride it, but this can be changed to taking the stairs instead, with the reward being improved physical health or increased energy
Through repetition, this cycle becomes automatic, and the behavior becomes a habit. The article also references Aristotle's philosophy that "We are what we repeatedly do," emphasizing how consistent actions eventually shape our identity and lifestyle..
D.How does the text combine examples and theory to enhance persuasiveness
Answer: The article "Habits For a Healthy Lifestyle" effectively combines theoretical explanations with concrete examples to create a persuasive argument about the importance of understanding and changing habits. This combination works on multiple levels to engage readers and convince them of the article's message.
Theoretical Framework Provides Foundation
The article begins by introducing the concept of habits from a theoretical standpoint, referencing Aristotle's philosophy that "We are what we repeatedly do." This establishes a credible foundation for the discussion, appealing to readers who value logical reasoning and established wisdom. The explanation of the "habit cycle" (cue, routine, reward) further develops this theoretical framework, providing a clear model of how habits form and persist. This theoretical background gives readers a structured understanding of habit formation, making the subsequent advice about changing habits more credible and actionable.
Concrete Examples Make Theory Accessible
Following the introduction of these theoretical concepts, the article immediately provides relatable examples that illustrate how the habit cycle works in real life. The example of eating unhealthy snacks when feeling unhappy demonstrates how emotions can serve as cues, how specific behaviors become routines, and how temporary rewards reinforce these patterns. This example is effective because it's something many readers can identify with from their own experiences, making the abstract concept of the habit cycle more tangible and understandable.
Strategic Placement of Examples Reinforces Key Points
The article strategically places examples after introducing theoretical concepts, creating a pattern of explanation followed by demonstration. This structure helps readers connect the dots between general principles and their practical applications. For instance, after explaining how the habit cycle maintains bad habits, the article provides the snack-eating example. Later, when discussing how to change habits, it offers the alternative of listening to music instead of snacking. This progression shows readers not just how habits form but also how they can be transformed using the same underlying principles.
Positive and Negative Examples Create Contrast
The text uses both negative (unhealthy habits) and positive (healthy alternatives) examples to create a compelling contrast. The negative examples highlight the problems that arise from uncontrolled habits, while the positive examples show the benefits of applying the theoretical knowledge to create better habits. This contrast helps readers visualize the potential outcomes of both maintaining and changing their current habits, strengthening the article's persuasive message about the importance of habit modification.
Real-World Situations Increase Reliability
The examples chosen are everyday situations that many people encounter regularly (feeling unhappy, approaching escalators), which increases their reliability and persuasive power. When readers recognize these scenarios from their own lives, they're more likely to accept the article's arguments and consider applying the suggested strategies. The use of common experiences demonstrates that the theoretical framework isn't just academic but has direct relevance to readers' daily lives.
By thoughtfully integrating theoretical explanations with concrete examples, the article creates a persuasive argument that appeals to both reason and experience. This combination helps readers understand the mechanics of habit formation while showing them practical ways to apply this knowledge to improve their lives, ultimately making the case for developing healthy habits more compelling and actionable..
目的：该问题帮助学生分析例子的作用,理解比较的作用,文章如何解释习惯的形成的方式，以及帮助学生理解文章如何通过例子和理论结合增强说服力。
阅读技能目标：
培养学生的例子分析和功能理解能力。
培养学生的比较分析和效果理解能力。
培养学生的概念理解和解释能力。
培养学生的说服力分析和例证结合能力。
What effect does comparing habits to a "cycle" have on the reader Analyze from the reader's perspective.
Answer: The metaphor makes the abstract concept more concrete, helping readers clearly understand how habits form and change (e.g., the "cycle" emphasizes repetition).
B.What rhetorical devices does the author use to enhance persuasiveness Provide examples.
Answer:
The author employs several rhetorical devices to enhance the persuasiveness of the article:
1. Metaphor
Example: Comparing habits to a "cycle" (cue, routine, reward)
Effect: Helps readers visualize the repetitive nature of habits and understand how they reinforce themselves over time.
2. Quotation
Example: Referencing Aristotle's philosophy ("We are what we repeatedly do") and Lao Zi's saying ("A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step")
Effect: Adds credibility and wisdom to the argument, appealing to established philosophical ideas.
3. Examples
Example: Using concrete scenarios like eating unhealthy snacks when unhappy or taking stairs instead of escalators
Effect: Makes abstract concepts more relatable and tangible for readers to understand in practical terms.
4. Contrast
Example: Comparing bad habits (like unhealthy snacking) with good habits (like taking stairs)
Effect: Highlights the difference between negative and positive behaviors, showing how the same mechanism can be used for both.
5. Repetition
Example: Reiterating the components of the habit cycle throughout the article
Effect: Reinforces key concepts, helping readers remember and understand the structure of habits.
6. Call to Action
Example: Encouraging readers to "learn to identify bad habits early and make changes accordingly"
Effect: Empowers readers to take specific steps toward improving their habits.
7. Problem-Solution Structure
Example: First presenting the problem of bad habits, then offering solutions through understanding and changing the habit cycle
Effect: Creates a logical flow that leads readers from recognizing an issue to seeing actionable solutions.
8. Analogy
Example: Comparing the process of changing habits to a journey ("A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step")
Effect: Makes the idea of gradual change more accessible and less intimidating.
By skillfully combining these rhetorical devices, the author creates a persuasive argument that appeals to both the logical and emotional sides of readers, providing both the motivation and the tools to change their habits.
C.Is the author's tone objective, neutral, or subjective and emotional Support your answer with evidence from the text.
Answer: The author's tone is objective and neutral.
Objective:
- Explains habit formation factually using the "habit cycle" (cue, routine, reward).
- References Aristotle and Lao Zi to support points, relying on established sources.
- Gives practical advice on changing habits, focusing on actionable strategies.
Neutral:
- Discusses both bad and good habits without bias.
- Uses non-judgmental language when describing habits and their impacts.
The tone remains factual and balanced throughout, avoiding emotional appeals or personal opinions..
目的：该问题帮助学生理解比喻对读者的影响,识别和分析修辞手法以及作者的情感基调。
阅读技能目标：
培养学生比喻分析和读者视角理解能力。
培养学生的修辞手法识别和分析能力。
IV. Critical Thinking and Application（批判性思维与实践运用）
Design your own "habit replacement plan" using the habit cycle model:
- Cue: _____________________________
- Negative Routine: _____________________________
- Positive Replacement: _____________________________
- Reward: _____________________________
Answer: My Habit Replacement Plan
Cue: Feeling stressed at work
Negative Routine: Mindlessly scrolling through social media
Positive Replacement: Taking a 5-minute breathing break
Reward: Feeling refreshed and more focused
This plan follows the habit cycle model by identifying the trigger (cue), replacing the negative routine with a positive action, and providing a rewarding outcome that reinforces the new habit..
目的：帮助学生应用“习惯循环”模型设计自己的习惯替换计划。
阅读技能目标：
培养学生的应用能力和创造性思维。
Do you agree that "changing habits depends more on external environment than personal will" Support your answer with evidence from the text and personal experience.
Answer: Open-ended.
Example: I agree that changing habits depends more on external environment than personal will. Here's why:
Text Evidence
The habit cycle model shows that cues often come from our environment. The article suggests changing your surroundings to make positive replacements easier, like keeping healthy snacks accessible.
Personal Experience
I've found that rearranging my workspace to minimize distractions works better for focus than sheer willpower. Having a dedicated exercise space makes consistent workouts easier than relying on motivation alone.
While personal will is important, our environment creates the conditions that either support or undermine our habits. Changing your surroundings strategically makes habit change more sustainable..
目的：该问题帮助学生通过文本证据和个人经验支持自己的观点。
阅读技能目标：
培养学生的批判性思维和证据支持能力。
The text mentions the "habit cycle" theory. Do you think this theory has limitations Provide examples to support your answer.
Answer: Open-ended.
Example:
1. Over-simplification
The theory can oversimplify complex habits. For example, emotional eating might be caused by deeper issues like anxiety, not just a simple cue.
2. Individual Differences
People respond differently to the same cues and rewards. What works for one person might not work for another.
3. Limited Social Focus
The theory doesn't fully consider social and cultural influences. Family traditions might reinforce habits more than personal rewards.
4. Subconscious Habits
Some habits happen without awareness, making it hard to identify triggers. Nail-biting is an example of this.
5. Maintenance Challenges
The theory doesn't fully address how to maintain new habits long-term. People might revert to old habits without ongoing support.
While the habit cycle theory is useful, it's important to consider these limitations when applying it to real-life situations.
Compare Aristotle's and Lao Zi's perspectives on habits. Which perspective do you think is more applicable to modern life
Answer: Open-ended.
Example:
Aristotle's Perspective
Focus: Habit formation through repetition
Key Idea: "We are what we repeatedly do."
Application: Emphasizes developing virtues through consistent practice
Modern Relevance: Useful for understanding how daily actions shape identity
Lao Zi's Perspective
Focus: Small beginnings and gradual progress
Key Idea: "A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step."
Application: Emphasizes starting with small actions and patience
Modern Relevance: Addresses the challenge of initiating change
Which is More Applicable
Both perspectives are valuable, but Lao Zi's might be slightly more applicable to modern life because it addresses the common challenge of getting started with habit change, which is often the most difficult part for many people today. Aristotle's perspective becomes more relevant once the initial step has been taken and consistent practice begins to shape identity..
目的：该问题帮助学生分析“习惯循环”理论的局限性以及帮助学生比较亚里士多德和老子的观点，分析其现代适用性。
阅读技能目标：
培养学生的批判性思维和理论分析能力。
培养学生的比较分析和现代适用性评估能力。
4.
Combined with the biology class: Invite a biology teacher to explain the scientific principles of the "habit cycle".
Answer: Open-ended.
Objective
Connect the psychological "habit cycle" model (cue, routine, reward) with biological principles of brain function.
Materials
- Brain diagrams focusing on reward systems
- Microscopes with neural tissue samples (if available)
- Handouts with key biological terms
Procedure
Introduction (10 minutes)
Briefly review the habit cycle model
Introduce the biology teacher
Biological Explanation (30 minutes)
1. Cue Recognition
- How the brain processes cues
- Role of the prefrontal cortex
2. Routine Formation
- Neural pathway development
- Role of the basal ganglia
3. Reward System
- Dopamine pathway explanation
- How rewards reinforce behaviors
Hands-On Activity (20 minutes)
- Examine brain tissue samples
- Analyze neural pathway diagrams
- Create simple neural pathway models
Discussion (15 minutes)
- Connect biology to habit examples from the article
- Discuss how understanding biology helps in changing habits
Conclusion (5 minutes)
- Summarize key points
- Assign reflection homework
Linked with the information technology class: Invite students to use app programming to simulate the flowchart of the "habit cycle".
Answer: Open-ended.
Objective
Create a simple app that simulates the habit cycle (cue, routine, reward).
Materials
- Computers with programming environment (Scratch, Python, etc.)
- Habit cycle flowchart template
- Sample code snippets
Procedure
Introduction (10 minutes)
- Review the habit cycle components
- Explain how to model this cycle through programming
Programming Activity (40 minutes)
1. Flowchart Design
- Create digital flowchart with decision points
- Map out cue, routine, and reward stages
2. Basic Coding
- Use if/else statements and loops
- Program user input for cues and routines
- Simulate reward outcomes
3. Visual Elements
- Add simple graphics for each stage
- Create basic animations for transitions
Testing & Debugging (15 minutes)
- Test programs and identify errors
- Make improvements based on feedback
Presentation (10 minutes)
- Demonstrate habit cycle simulations
- Explain how the program models the concept
Integrated with the moral education class: Carry out the activity of "My Habit Commitment Wall", post the initiative, and conduct peer assessment.
Answer: Open-ended.
Objective:
The aim of this activity is to help participants identify and commit to forming positive habits. By posting their commitments on a wall, they will be more accountable and motivated to stick to their goals. Peer assessment will also foster a supportive community.
Step-by-Step Guide:
1. Set Up the Space:
- Choose a prominent location in your workplace, classroom, or living area where everyone can see it. This could be a whiteboard, or even a digital board (like a shared Google Sheet).
2. Define the Habits:
- Encourage each participant to think about a habit they want to develop or a bad habit they want to break. It could be anything from exercising daily to reducing screen time.
3. Create Posters:
- Each person should create a poster with their name, the habit they are committed to, and a visual representation of that habit (e.g., an image of a person running for exercise).
4. Post the Initiative:
- Hang all the posters on the "Habit Commitment Wall." Make sure each poster is clearly visible and well-organized.
5. Peer Assessment:
- Participants should take turns assessing each other's commitments. They can provide positive feedback, ask questions, or offer suggestions on how to improve the habit formation process.
6. Regular Check-In:
- Set up regular check-ins (weekly or bi-weekly) to discuss progress, challenges, and any adjustments needed. This can be done as a group meeting or through written updates posted next to the original commitment.
7. Recognition and Rewards:
- At the end of a set period (e.g., one month), recognize those who have shown significant progress. You can do this by giving out small rewards or simply acknowledging their efforts publicly.
Example Poster Content:
Name: Jane Doe
Habit: Daily Meditation
Visual Representation: An image of someone meditating peacefully
Commitment Statement: I am committed to meditating every morning for 10 minutes to reduce stress and increase focus.
Peer Assessment Questions:
1. What steps have you taken so far to start this habit
2. Have you faced any challenges, and how did you overcome them
3. What strategies are you using to stay consistent with this habit
4. Is there anything you need from your peers to support you in this journey
Benefits:
- Accountability: Knowing others are watching and supporting can significantly increase motivation.
- Community Building: Fosters a sense of camaraderie and mutual support among participants.
- Feedback Loop: Peer feedback can provide new insights and additional encouragement.
- Tracking Progress: Visual representation helps in tracking individual progress over time.
目的：该问题帮助学生通过生物学角度理解“习惯循环”的科学原理; 帮助学生通过编程模拟“习惯循环”的流程图;帮助学生通过道德教育活动实践习惯改变。
阅读技能目标：
培养学生的跨学科理解和科学原理分析能力。
培养学生的编程应用和流程图绘制能力。
培养学生的实践能力和同伴评估能力。
V. 词块积累及应用
1. 绘制思维导图/表格：
中心词：Habits For a Healthy Lifestyle
分支 1：坏习惯危害相关表达
分支 2：习惯改变相关表达
分支 3：习惯循环相关表达
分支 4：建议劝诫相关表达
一、坏习惯危害相关表达
1. "These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults."
用法：该句使用了"if left unchecked"（如果不加以制止）这一条件状语从句的省略形式，强调坏习惯不被制止的后果，其中"left unchecked"是过去分词短语作条件状语。
替换表达："These bad habits, if not dealt with in time, might result in more severe ones as they grow into adults."
2."Some of them may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse, which can lead to physical and mental health problems."
用法：此句中"become involved in"表示“参与、涉及”，后接不好的事物，如“tobacco or alcohol abuse”（烟草或酒精滥用），"which"引导非限制性定语从句，进一步说明前面整个句子所带来的结果。
替换表达："Some may get into tobacco or alcohol abuse, causing both physical and mental health issues."
二、习惯改变相关表达
3. "To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts."
句中"To change bad habits"是动词不定式短语作主语，表示“改变坏习惯”，"never"表示否定，强调改变坏习惯的难度，"even with many attempts"是"even if there are many attempts"的省略形式，意为“即使有很多尝试”。
替换表达："It is not easy to change bad habits at all, despite numerous tries."
4."In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time." 此句中"the most successful way to change"
表示“改变的最成功的方式”，"not...but..."结构用于对比两种改变方式，强调改变习惯需要时间。
替换表达："Actually, the most effective approach to making changes is not abruptly, but gradually over a certain length of time."
三、习惯循环相关表达
5."According to modern psychology, we must first learn about the 'habit cycle', which works like this:"
这里"according to"表示“根据”，引出依据，即“现代心理学”，"which"引导非限制性定语从句，对"the 'habit cycle'"进行补充说明，解释习惯循环的工作原理。
可替换表达："Based on modern psychology, we should initially get to know the 'habit cycle', which functions in the following way:"
6."Firstly, there is a 'cue', an action, event, or situation that acts as a signal to do something."
句中"Firstly"表示顺序，"there is a 'cue'"表示存在一个“提示”，"that"引导定语从句，修饰"a 'cue'"，解释提示的具体内容，即“一个作为做某事信号的行为、事件或情况”。
可替换表达："To start with, a 'cue' exists, which is an action, event, or situation serving as a signal for doing something."
四、建议劝诫相关表达
7."To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them."
句中"To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits"是动词不定式短语作目的状语，表示“为了促进我们坏习惯的积极改变”，"must"表示必须，强调必要性，"first examine...then try to adapt"表示先后顺序，即先检查后尝试调整。
可替换表达："In order to make a positive change in our bad habits, we are required to first analyze our bad habit cycles and then attempt to modify them."
8."You have the power to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits!"
此句中"have the power to do sth."表示“有做某事的能力”，"build a happy and healthy life"是动词短语，意为“构建幸福健康的生活”，"full of good habits"是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰"life"。
可替换表达："You are capable of creating a life filled with happiness, health and good habits."
目的：通过整理文章中的坏习惯危害、习惯改变、习惯循环和建议劝诫相关表达，帮助学生形成语义网络，内化语言。
2. 迁移应用：
A. 任务1：健康习惯宣言（Writing Task）
目标：整合核心词汇与功能短语，撰写个人承诺宣言
步骤：从文章中选择3个坏习惯危害相关表达；使用 However/Aside from 等结构连接观点
示例句：
Healthy Habits Declaration (Writing Task)
Objective:Use important words and phrases to write a personal promise declaration.
Steps:
1. Pick 3 sentences about bad habits from the article:
- "These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults."
- "Some of them may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse, which can lead to physical and mental health problems."
- "To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts."
2. Use words like "However" or "Aside from" to connect these ideas and write your declaration.
Example:
Healthy Habits Declaration
I, [XXX], promise to develop healthy habits and avoid bad ones. I know that bad habits can become worse if not stopped early. However, changing bad habits is difficult, even with many tries.
I understand that some teens might start smoking or drinking, which can hurt both body and mind. So, I will try my best to stay away from these harmful habits. I promise to start changing today. I will look closely at my bad habits and replace them with good actions.
I believe that every big change starts with a small step. I will keep working on improving myself, one step at a time.
Requirements:
- Include at least 3 key sentences from the article.
- Use words like "However" or "Aside from" to connect ideas.
- Show your personal commitment to a healthy lifestyle.
Submission:
Save your declaration as a Word document named "Healthy Habits Declaration_Your Name" and give it to your teacher.
目的：通过模仿文章中的坏习惯危害、习惯改变、习惯循环和建议劝诫相关表达，帮助学生通过活动培养学生的写作和口语表达能力。
B. 任务2：跨文化习惯研讨会（Speaking Task）
目标：对比东西方习惯观念，运用对比表达与学术连接词
步骤：
分组讨论：
西方观点：Aristotle's “We are what we repeatedly do”
东方智慧：As the Chinese philosopher Lao Zi wrote, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.”
输出要求：使用rather than...等对比结构
示例句：
Group A:
西方观点： Aristotle's “We are what we repeatedly do.” This means that our habits define who we are. If we repeatedly do something, it becomes a part of our identity.
东方智慧： As Lao Zi said, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” This means that every big change starts with a small step. Rather than trying to change everything at once, we should start with small, manageable changes.
Group B:
西方观点： Aristotle's philosophy emphasizes the importance of consistent action in shaping our identity. Our habits are not just behaviors; they are reflections of who we are.
东方智慧： Lao Zi's wisdom highlights the importance of gradual progress. Rather than attempting to change all at once, which can be overwhelming, we should focus on taking one step at a time.
Group C:
西方观点： According to Aristotle, repeated actions lead to habits, which in turn define our character. This suggests that changing habits is essential for personal development.
东方智慧： Lao Zi's teaching reminds us that even the longest journey starts with a single step. Rather than being discouraged by the magnitude of change needed, we should celebrate small victories along the way.
目的：通过模仿文章中的坏习惯危害、习惯改变、习惯循环和建议劝诫相关表达，帮助学生通过口语任务培养学生的口语表达能力。
C. 写一篇短文，关于如何从坏习惯转变成好习惯，至少使用以下表达：
词汇：cue, routine, reward，make one’s own decisions, make a choice to do, combine ...with, replace...with,take steps
句型：if 的省略，rather than...
示例句：
Bad habits, if not corrected, can lead to serious issues in adulthood, such as smoking or drinking, which harm both body and mind. Change is challenging but possible. The "habit cycle" consists of a cue, routine, and reward. To change, we must first understand this cycle and then gradually replace negative routines with positive ones. For example, instead of eating snacks when unhappy, we can listen to music. Changing habits takes time and patience. Small steps, not sudden changes, are the key. As Lao Zi said, "A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step." You have the power to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits!.
目的：通过整理文章中的坏习惯危害、习惯改变、习惯循环和建议劝诫相关表达，帮助学生通过活动培养学生的写作能力。
Create a 60-second animated short film titled "My Habit Revolution"
① The storyboard of the shots should include: Triggering Situation (Cue) → Old Habit (Negative Routine) → Alternative Solution (Positive Replacement) → Reinforced Reward (Reward).
② Add subtitles and background music.
③ After publishing, comment on the works of at least two classmates and put forward improvement suggestions.
示例：
"My Habit Revolution" Animated Short Film Storyboard
Shot 1: Triggering Situation (Cue) - 10 seconds
Scene: A cluttered desk with a laptop showing a work deadline notification.
Character: A stressed office worker (Alex) rubs their temples, looking at the clock.
Subtitle:"Work stress builds up..."
Background Music: Tense, fast-paced music.
Shot 2: Old Habit (Negative Routine) - 15 seconds
Scene: Alex opens a drawer filled with junk food and starts eating while working.
Subtitle: "...leading to unhealthy snacking."
Background Music:Music remains tense.
Shot 3: Alternative Solution (Positive Replacement) - 20 seconds
Scene:Alex pauses, looks at a sticky note with "HEALTHY CHOICE" on the desk, then stands up and walks to the kitchen.
Subtitle: "Time for a change!"
Background Music:Music transitions to hopeful, uplifting melody.
Shot 4: Reinforced Reward (Reward) - 15 seconds
Scene: Alex returns with a piece of fruit, eats it while stretching at the desk, and smiles.
Subtitle:"Feeling better and healthier!"
Background Music: Music becomes cheerful and relaxed.
Closing Scene - 5 seconds
Scene: Text appears on screen: "Small changes, big impact."
Background Music:Music fades out gently.
This storyboard follows the habit cycle structure while keeping the narrative clear and concise for a 60-second animation. The subtitles and background music enhance the storytelling and emotional impact.
目的：通过动画短片展示习惯改变的过程，帮助培养学生的创意表达和多媒体应用能力。Reading Comprehension Worksheet（学生版）
XB3U2 Reading and Thinking: Habits For a Healthy Lifestyle
I. Understanding and Main Idea Extraction（What文章理解与主旨提取）
What is the style of the passage
Narration B. Exposition C. Argumentation D. Fiction
Mini-dictionary - Exposition: a type of writing to inform or explain…
Introduce a real object(a dictionary, a book…)
Explain something abstract (a research, a problem…)
A. What’s the main idea of the text and try to summarize it by a sentence.
Teenagers can gradually _____________ and _____________ by understanding the "________" (_____, ______, ______).
Who are the target readers of this passage What is the author's purpose of writing this passage
Young people, especially those teenagers who want to change bad habits.
To introduce how habits are formed and how to change bad habits and create good ones.
Match the main ideas with each paragraph.
A. How to change a bad habit and create a good one
B. The cycle of how habits are formed
C. Habits that can help us study better
D. Changing habits gradually
E. No easy way to change bad habits
F. What a habit is
G. Why bad teenage habits should be changed
What are the three components of the "habit cycle" Briefly describe the function of each component.
Cue: _____________________________________________________________.
Routine: _______________________________________ (such as having snacks).
Reward: _______________________________________(such as feeling happy).
What examples does the article use to explain the "habit cycle"
Answer:
Negative example: _________________ (cue) → _________________________ (routine) → __________________ (reward) → Forming a bad habit.
Positive example: ______________ (cue) → ___________________ (new routine) → ___________________________ - ____________________ (reward) → Cultivating a good habit.
II. Emotional and Deeper Meaning Analysis（Why情感与深层意义分析）
Why is it important to change bad habits during teenage
Do you agree with the statement "Preventing bad habits is crucial for teenagers" Explain your reasons using evidence from the text.
Why does the author quote Aristotle and Lao Zi Explain with reference to the text.
Answer:
Aristotle Lao Zi
Quotation
Meaning
Why does the author argue against quick changes for bad habits
The article says "Many of us try to change bad habits quickly... but often become pessimistic." What might happen if someone gives up after failing once
Do you agree that "there is no 'magic pill' to help change habits" Support your answer with personal experience or social examples.
What is the author's attitude toward teenagers changing bad habits Support your answer with evidence from the text.
How does the article’s message about gradual change relate to Chinese culture
III. Structural Analysis and Creative Output（How结构分析与创造性输出）
How is the article organized What are the transition words/connectors that show the logical flow.
Discuss how transitions in stories help readers understand the logic of this passage. Provide examples from the article.
Outline the article's structure using the following framework(introduction-body-ending):
Draw a mind map framework of the article using Mind-map, with the following requirements:
Identify and analyze the function of the example in paragraph 3:
B. What is the effect of comparing "riding escalators" to "taking stairs"
C. How does the article explain the formation of habits
D.How does the text combine examples and theory to enhance persuasiveness
What effect does comparing habits to a "cycle" have on the reader Analyze from the reader's perspective.
What rhetorical devices does the author use to enhance persuasiveness Provide examples.
Is the author's tone objective, neutral, or subjective and emotional Support your answer with evidence from the text.
IV. Critical Thinking and Application（批判性思维与实践运用）
Design your own "habit replacement plan" using the habit cycle model:
- Cue: _____________________________
- Negative Routine: _____________________________
- Positive Replacement: _____________________________
- Reward: _____________________________
Do you agree that "changing habits depends more on external environment than personal will" Support your answer with evidence from the text and personal experience.
The text mentions the "habit cycle" theory. Do you think this theory has limitations Provide examples to support your answer.
Compare Aristotle's and Lao Zi's perspectives on habits. Which perspective do you think is more applicable to modern life
4.
Combined with the biology class: Invite a biology teacher to explain the scientific principles of the "habit cycle".
Linked with the information technology class: Invite students to use app programming to simulate the flowchart of the "habit cycle".
Integrated with the moral education class: Carry out the activity of "My Habit Commitment Wall", post the initiative, and conduct peer assessment.
V. 词块积累及应用
1. 绘制思维导图/表格：
中心词：Habits For a Healthy Lifestyle
分支 1：坏习惯危害相关表达
分支 2：习惯改变相关表达
分支 3：习惯循环相关表达
分支 4：建议劝诫相关表达
2. 迁移应用：
A. 任务1：健康习惯宣言（Writing Task）
目标：整合核心词汇与功能短语，撰写个人承诺宣言
步骤：从文章中选择3个坏习惯危害相关表达（如 cue, routine, reward）；使用 However/Aside from 等 结构连接观点
B. 任务2：跨文化习惯研讨会（Speaking Task）
目标：对比东西方习惯观念，运用对比表达与学术连接词
步骤：
分组讨论：
西方观点：Aristotle's “We are what we repeatedly do”
东方智慧：As the Chinese philosopher Lao Zi wrote, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.”
输出要求：使用rather than...等对比结构
C. 写一篇短文，关于如何从坏习惯转变成好习惯，至少使用以下表达：
词汇：cue, routine, reward，make one’s own decisions, make a choice to do, combine ...with, replace...with,take steps
句型：if 的省略，rather than...
Create a 60-second animated short film titled "My Habit Revolution"
① The storyboard of the shots should include: Triggering Situation (Cue) → Old Habit (Negative Routine) → Alternative Solution (Positive Replacement) → Reinforced Reward (Reward).
② Add subtitles and background music.
③ After publishing, comment on the works of at least two classmates and put forward improvement suggestions.
