外研版选修2 Unit3语篇分析+阅读单（教师版）
外研社选修2Unit3Reading and Thinking语篇分析
分析维度 内容项
What：语篇的主题、内容、结构、逻辑关系 一、文章基本信息 文章标题：Life Behind the Lens作者： 文章类型： 说明文主题/中心思想： 介绍了美国著名摄影师 Bill Cunningham 的生平、摄影风格、工作态度以及他对时尚摄影的独特贡献，展现了他作为一位“文化人类学家”记录纽约城市生活和文化的伟大成就。
二、文本结构与内容分析 整体结构：文章以引言、主体、结论的结构展开，主体部分详细介绍了 Cunningham 的摄影风格、工作态度、生活方式和价值观。段落分布：文章分为五个段落，每个段落都有明确的主题：引言描述 Cunningham 的外貌和地位；主体部分分别介绍他的摄影风格、工作态度、生活方式和价值观；结论总结他的贡献和影响。逻辑关系：因果关系：Cunningham 的摄影风格和工作态度是他成为伟大摄影师的原因。对比关系：通过对比 Cunningham 的普通形象和他在时尚摄影界的重要地位，突出他的独特性。并列关系：文章中多次并列描述 Cunningham 的不同方面，如他的摄影风格、工作态度和生活方式。衔接与连贯：文章运用了多种衔接手段，使段落之间、句子之间的过渡自然流畅。例如，使用转折词 “although” 来表达 Cunningham 虽然知道时尚派对和活动的地点，但他更喜欢拍摄普通人的对比关系；使用连接词 “moreover” 来进一步补充说明他的工作态度和生活方式对他摄影事业的影响，增强了文章的连贯性。同时，通过重复使用一些关键词，如 “Cunningham”“photography”“fashion” 等，使文章的主题更加突出，也加强了各部分之间的联系，让读者能够更好地把握文章的整体脉络。段落功能：第一段 ：通过对比和悬念的设置，成功吸引读者的注意力，为文章奠定了良好的开端，使读者迫不及待地想要了解 Cunningham 的故事。第二段 ：详细阐述 Cunningham 的摄影风格，这是文章的核心内容之一，通过对他的艺术理念和创作方式的介绍，让读者初步领略到他的独特魅力，也为理解他作品的价值提供了关键信息。第三段 ：强调 Cunningham 的工作态度，这一段落通过具体事例展现了他敬业、执着的精神品质，使读者对他的人物形象有了更深刻的认识，同时也为后文总结他的成就提供了有力支撑。第四段 ：介绍 Cunningham 的生活方式，这一段落从侧面反映了他淡泊名利、坚守自我的人生态度，与他的摄影风格和工作态度相互映衬，进一步丰富了人物形象，使读者对他有了更全面的了解。第五段 ：总结 Cunningham 的一生，升华主题，将他的人生价值和对社会的贡献提升到一个新的高度，给读者留下深刻而持久的印象，同时也引发了读者对人生意义和价值追求的思考。
Why：语篇的深层涵义、情感态度、作者意图 三、写作意图与文化背景分析 文化背景：文章深入探讨了纽约的时尚文化和社会背景， Cunningham 的摄影风格和作品不仅是对纽约城市生活的记录，更是对当时社会文化现象的反映。在纽约这个时尚之都，上流社会的奢华与普通民众的平凡生活并存， Cunningham 通过镜头捕捉到了这种多元文化的融合与碰撞，他的作品展现了纽约独特的城市魅力和文化底蕴。例如，他拍摄的时尚派对和普通街区的场景，既展示了时尚界的光鲜亮丽，也揭示了普通人在日常生活中的真实状态，这种对不同阶层生活的关注和呈现，体现了他对社会现实的敏锐洞察力和深刻理解。从更广泛的社会背景来看， Cunningham 的摄影理念和工作态度也反映了当时社会对个体价值和艺术自由的追求。在商业利益至上的时代背景下，他坚守自己的艺术信念，拒绝被物质利益所左右，这种独立自主的精神品质在当时的社会环境中显得尤为难能可贵，也对后来的摄影师和艺术家产生了深远的影响。背景知识的运用：读者在阅读文章时，需要具备一定的时尚摄影和纽约文化背景知识，才能更好地理解 Cunningham 的作品和他所做出的贡献。例如，了解时尚摄影的基本特点和发展历程，有助于读者理解 Cunningham 的摄影风格为何独树一帜；熟悉纽约的城市文化和社会结构，能够让读者更深刻地体会到他作品中所蕴含的文化内涵和社会意义。同时，文章中提及的一些特定场景和事件，如时尚派对、布鲁克林区和曼哈顿区的对比等，也需要读者具备相关的背景知识，才能准确把握其在文章中的作用和意义。写作意图：作者的写作意图是多方面的。首先，作者希望通过介绍 Cunningham 的生平和成就，向读者展示这位伟大摄影师的独特魅力和艺术价值，让更多的人了解和认识他的作品，从而推动时尚摄影艺术的发展和传播。其次，作者通过强调 Cunningham 的摄影风格、工作态度和生活方式，传达了一种对真实、平等、自由和独立的追求，这种价值观在当今社会具有重要的现实意义，作者希望借此引发读者对人生价值和社会现象的思考，鼓励人们在追求物质利益的同时，不要忘记坚守自己的精神信念和艺术追求。最后，作者通过对 Cunningham 一生的回顾和总结，向这位伟大的摄影师致敬，同时也为读者提供了一个学习和借鉴的榜样，激励人们在自己的领域中追求卓越，为社会文化的繁荣和发展做出贡献。
四、情感态度与价值取向分析 情感态度：作者对 Cunningham 充满了敬佩和赞美之情，这种情感贯穿文章始终。从对 Cunningham 摄影风格的介绍，到对他工作态度和生活方式的描述，再到对他一生成就的总结，作者都以一种钦佩的口吻进行叙述,充分体现了作者对 Cunningham 的高度评价和由衷敬意。同时，作者也通过这些描述，让读者感受到 Cunningham 的人格魅力和艺术价值，从而引发读者的共鸣，使读者也对 Cunningham 产生敬佩之情。价值取向：文章传达了对真实、平等、自由和独立的追求，强调了 Cunningham 通过摄影记录普通人的生活，展现了他对社会的关怀和对艺术的执着。
五、论点与文章有效性分析 论点清晰度与证据支持：文章的论点非常清晰，即 Cunningham 是一位伟大的摄影师，他的摄影风格、工作态度和生活方式使他成为纽约城市文化的记录者和独特贡献者。为了支持这一论点，文章提供了大量充分而具体的证据。在介绍摄影风格时，详细列举了他使用简单设备、关注普通场景和人物等具体事例，如拍摄男人在杂货店买橙子、女人乘坐涂鸦地铁等，这些事例生动地展现了他从平凡生活中发现美的能力，有力地证明了他独特的艺术视角和创作理念。在阐述工作态度时，描述了他无论何种天气都坚持上街拍照，甚至在风暴中也不间断，从不请假或因病休息，这些细节充分体现了他的敬业精神和对摄影事业的执着追求，为论点提供了有力支撑。在描述生活方式时，提及他居住在狭小公寓，使用公共洗手间，在简单餐馆吃同样的餐食，这些细节描绘出他简朴、不追求物质享受的生活态度，与他的摄影风格和工作态度相互呼应，进一步强化了论点的说服力。文章有效性与局限性：文章在阐述 Cunningham 的生平和成就方面具有较高的有效性。通过丰富的事例和细节描述，生动地展现了 Cunningham 的人物形象和艺术价值，使读者能够清晰地了解他的摄影风格、工作态度和生活方式，以及他对纽约城市文化的重要贡献。然而，文章也存在一定的局限性。由于作者主要从自己的视角出发进行叙述，缺乏对 Cunningham 的直接采访或引用，这在一定程度上影响了文章的客观性和真实性。此外，文章在分析 Cunningham 的作品时，主要侧重于对其艺术风格和创作理念的描述，对于作品的具体艺术表现手法和技巧等方面的分析相对较少，这可能会使读者对他的作品理解不够深入全面。文章与现实的联系：文章与现实具有紧密的联系。 Cunningham 的摄影风格和工作态度在当今社会具有重要的现实意义和启示作用。在当今这个物质利益至上的时代，人们往往追求名利和物质享受，而忽视了对真实生活的关注和对精神价值的追求。 Cunningham 的故事提醒人们要坚守自己的信念，追求内心的自由和独立，不要被外界的诱惑所左右。同时，他的敬业精神和执着追求也激励着人们在自己的工作中要敬业、执着，不断追求卓越。此外，他对普通生活的关注和记录，也为人们提供了一种重新审视和发现身边美好事物的视角，鼓励人们关注普通人的生活和价值，促进社会的平等和和谐发展。
六、逻辑关系与推理分析 显性逻辑关系：文章中存在多种显性逻辑关系，如因果关系、对比关系和例证关系等，这些逻辑关系的运用使文章的论述更加清晰有力。例如，因果关系体现在 Cunningham 的摄影风格和工作态度是他成为伟大摄影师的原因，文章通过详细阐述他的摄影风格和工作态度，自然地引出了他在摄影领域的卓越成就，这种因果关系的逻辑使文章的论述更加合理、有说服力。对比关系贯穿文章始终，如将 Cunningham 的平凡外貌与他在时尚摄影界的重要地位进行对比，将他使用的简单设备与他在时尚摄影领域的卓越成就进行对比等，这些对比关系的运用突出了 Cunningham 的独特性和与众不同，使读者能够更加清晰地认识到他的价值和意义。例证关系则体现在文章通过大量具体事例来证明作者的观点，如列举他拍摄的具体场景、描述他工作中的具体细节等，这些事例生动形象，使文章的论述更加具体、充实，增强了文章的可信度和说服力。隐性推理与假设：文章中也存在一些隐性推理与假设。例如，作者假设读者对时尚摄影和纽约文化有一定的了解，因此在介绍 Cunningham 的作品和成就时，没有对一些专业术语和文化背景进行详细解释，而是直接引用了一些相关概念和场景，如 “fashion photography”“Manhattan”“Bronx” 等。这种隐性假设使文章的叙述更加简洁流畅，但也可能会让一些对相关背景知识了解较少的读者感到困惑。此外，作者通过对 Cunningham 的摄影风格和工作态度的描述，推论出他对纽约城市文化的独特贡献，这种隐性推理需要读者具备一定的分析和推理能力，才能理解作者的意图和观点。同时，作者也假设读者能够从 Cunningham 的故事中汲取启示和力量，从而在自己的生活中做出积极的改变，这种隐性假设体现了作者对读者的期望和信任，也使文章具有更强的感染力和号召力。
How：语篇的文体特征、语言特点、修辞手法、结构分析 七、语言与文体特征分析 语言特点：文章语言简洁明了，用词准确生动，具有很强的表现力。例如，使用 “white - haired”“ordinary bicycle”“simple black running shoes” 等词汇生动地描绘出 Cunningham 的外貌和装束，使读者能够清晰地想象出他的形象；使用 “fascination”“beauty”“potential” 等词汇准确地表达了 Cunningham 对摄影的热爱和对平凡事物的独特见解，展现了他作为艺术家的敏锐洞察力和独特审美观。同时，文章语言风格平实自然，没有过多华丽的辞藻和复杂的句式，使读者能够轻松地理解文章内容，感受到作者真诚的情感和态度。句式与句型分析：文章句式丰富多样，长短句结合，复合句与简单句交替使用，使文章的节奏感和韵律感较强，增强了文章的可读性。文体特征：文章属于说明文，主要通过描述和解释的方式，向读者介绍 Cunningham 的生平、摄影风格、工作态度以及他对纽约城市文化的贡献。修辞手法：文章运用了多种修辞手法，如比喻、排比、对比等，使文章的表达更加生动形象，增强了文章的艺术感染力。
八、写作手法分析 1.写作技巧与表达方式：文章运用了细节描写、对比、倒叙等写作技巧，使内容更加生动、具体、富有感染力。
九、个人理解与批判性思维 个人理解与反思：学生通过阅读文章，可了解到 Cunningham 的独特之处，反思了职业追求和生活态度。批判性思维与反思：文章主要从作者的视角出发，缺乏对 Cunningham 的直接采访或引用，可能在一定程度上影响了文章的客观性。
课文语言表达梳理 一、情感描述相关表达A white-haired old man riding an ordinary bicycle around the streets of New York. 用法：描述人物外貌和行为 替换表达：An elderly man with grey hair cycling through the streets of New York.Every member of New York's wealthy high society wanted nothing more than to pose for this man. 用法：表达人物的渴望和期望 替换表达：All the wealthy and prominent people in New York longed to be photographed by him.What made Cunningham so great 用法：提出疑问，引发思考 替换表达：What accounted for Cunningham's greatness He found inspiration where others could not. 用法：表达人物的独特之处 替换表达：He discovered inspiration in places that others overlooked.His hard work made him more than a fashion photographer. 用法：表达人物的成就和价值 替换表达：His dedication transformed him into more than just a fashion photographer.
二、行为描写相关表达Cunningham always used simple, relatively cheap cameras.用法：描述人物的行为习惯替换表达：Cunningham consistently utilized basic and affordable cameras.He would go out onto the streets of New York each and every day.用法：描述人物的日常行为替换表达：He would venture out onto the streets of New York daily.Cunningham never accepted the benefits offered to him.用法：描述人物的拒绝行为替换表达：Cunningham consistently refused the perks that were offered to him.
三、结果与反思相关表达This devotion and hard work is what we see reflected within his photos.用法：表达人物的品质和影响替换表达：His dedication and hard work are evident in his photographs.Cunningham's passion for photography lasted throughout his life.用法：描述人物的持久热情替换表达：Cunningham's enthusiasm for photography endured throughout his life.Nothing ever stopped him from getting the photo he wanted.用法：表达人物的决心和毅力替换表达：Nothing could prevent him from capturing the desired photo.
文章结构梳理 Article Analysis: Life Behind the Lens
1. Main IdeaThe article introduces the life and career of Bill Cunningham, a renowned American photographer, highlighting his unique approach to photography, his dedication to his work, and his significant contributions to recording New York's street style over the past five decades.
2. Paragraph Summaries and FunctionsParagraph 1Summary: Introduces Bill Cunningham as an ordinary-looking man who is highly sought after by New York's high society.Function: Creates a contrast between his appearance and his status, sparking readers' interest.Paragraph 2Summary: Explains what made Cunningham great, emphasizing his use of simple equipment and his focus on ordinary people and scenes.Function: Highlights his unique perspective on photography and his ability to find beauty in everyday life.Paragraph 3Summary: Describes Cunningham's devotion to photography and his hard - working spirit.Function: Shows the extent of his dedication and how it is reflected in his work.Paragraph 4Summary: Discusses Cunningham's simple lifestyle and his rejection of material benefits.Function: Illustrates his focus on his craft rather than material possessions.Paragraph 5Summary: Summarizes Cunningham's life and his contributions to recording New York's street style.Function: Emphasizes his lasting impact and his role as a "cultural anthropologist".
3. Key Details from Each ParagraphParagraph 1Mentions Cunningham's ordinary appearance and his popularity among New York's high society.Highlights the contrast between his looks and his status.Paragraph 2States that Cunningham used simple, relatively cheap cameras.Emphasizes his focus on ordinary people and scenes, such as a man buying oranges at a grocery store.Paragraph 3Describes Cunningham's daily routine of going out to the streets regardless of the weather.Highlights his hard - working spirit and his commitment to his work.Paragraph 4Talks about Cunningham's simple apartment and his simple meals.Emphasizes his rejection of material benefits and his focus on his craft.Paragraph 5Mentions Cunningham's passion for photography that lasted throughout his life.Highlights his role as a "cultural anthropologist" and his contributions to recording New York's street style.
Reading Comprehension Worksheet（教师版）
外研社XB2Unit3Reading and Thinking: Life Behind the Lens
I. Understanding and Main Idea Extraction（What文章理解与主旨提取）
1.
A. Based on the title "Life Behind the Lens", briefly state what you think the article might be about.
The article might be about the life of a person related to photography. It could describe the experiences, stories, and the world of a photographer behind the camera, including their daily work, challenges, and the inspiration sources for their photos.
B. Based on the title "Life Behind the Lens", which of the following is the most likely content of the article （ ）
A. The history of lenses.
B. The life and work of a person who uses a camera.
C. The development of photography technology.
D. The beauty of the scenery captured by lenses.
Answer：B
目的： 引导学生依据标题展开合理联想，培养阅读前的预测能力。
阅读技能目标：
让学生学会从标题中获取关键线索，思考 “镜头后的生活” 可能涉及摄影师在拍摄背后的故事。
提高阅读期待和主动性。
2.
A. The passage is mainly about the （1）_____ and （2）_____ of Bill Cunningham.
Answer：（1）life；（2）achievements
B. Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.
Statement: The passage mainly focuses on Bill Cunningham's expensive photography equipment and his high - class social life. （ ）
False.The passage actually emphasizes his simple equipment and his interest in photographing ordinary people, as well as his simple lifestyle, not expensive equipment and high - class social life.
目的： 检测学生对文章核心内容的概括能力，看是否能从整体上把握文章对 Cunningham 的描述
阅读技能目标：
培养学生提炼关键信息的能力。
培养学生归纳总结文章主旨的能力。
3.
A. According to the passage, where did Bill Cunningham usually take his photos Please answer in one sentence.
He usually took his photos on the streets of New York.
目的： 考查对文中关于 Cunningham 拍照地点这一具体信息的掌握。
阅读技能目标：
训练学生精准定位细节信息的能力，能快速在文中查找并确认与问题相关的内容。
II. Emotional and Deeper Meaning Analysis（Why情感与深层意义分析）
1.
A. Based on the passage, what can be inferred about Bill Cunningham Please answer in 2 - 3 sentences.
We can infer that Bill Cunningham valued freedom more than money. He refused the benefits offered because of his job, such as free clothes and flights. He focused on his photography and didn't let material things distract him, which shows his preference for freedom in his work and life.
B. From the passage, we can infer that Bill Cunningham put more value on ____________ than money.
Answer：freedom
C. What can we infer from the passage about Bill Cunningham （ ）
A. He was not interested in fashion at all.
B. He valued freedom more than money.
C. He only took photos of poor people.
D. He didn't like attending parties.
Answer：B
目的： 考查学生根据文章信息进行合理推断的能力。
阅读技能目标：
培养学生的逻辑推理能力，让学生学会根据文章中已有的信息，进行合理的推断和联想，得出隐含的结论。
提升学生对文章深层含义的理解能力，不局限于表面文字，能够挖掘文章背后的信息，理解作者未直接表达的意图。
2.
A. Match the people's attitudes towards money with their corresponding descriptions.
Column A
A. People who think money is extremely important.
B. People who are indifferent to money.
C. People who are eager to make money.
Column B
1.Bill Cunningham
2.People who always chase after high - paying jobs without considering other factors.
3.People who don't care about salary increases and focus more on job satisfaction.
Answer：B - 1; A - 2; C - 3
B. Describe Bill Cunningham's attitude towards money according to the passage.
Bill Cunningham considered money to be of little importance. He valued his integrity and freedom more, and refused the benefits offered to him as a fashion photographer, no matter how attractive they were.
目的： 检测学生对人物观点态度的准确理解和判断能力
阅读技能目标：
锻炼学生分析人物观点和态度的能力，学会从人物的行为、言语和相关描述中提炼出其对事物的看法和态度。
帮助学生准确判断选项与文中人物观点的匹配度，避免被干扰项误导，提高对人物观点理解的准确性。
3.
A. What does the author want to convey by telling Bill Cunningham's story Please answer in 2 - 3 sentences.
The author wants to praise Bill Cunningham's love for photography, his dedication and perseverance in his work. Also, the author emphasizes his contribution to recording the city's culture and the unique perspective he brought to fashion photography by focusing on ordinary people.
B. By telling Bill Cunningham's story, the author aims to praise his love for photography, his ____________, and his contribution to ____________.
Answer：dedication; social culture
C. Write a short essay (about 100 - 120 words) to analyze what the author wants to convey by telling Bill Cunningham's story. You should include at least two aspects, such as his qualities and contributions.
The author tells Bill Cunningham's story to convey several important messages. Firstly, Cunningham's unwavering love for photography is highly praised. He dedicated his whole life to it, working even when ill. His dedication is also remarkable; he braved all weather to take photos on the streets every day.
Secondly, his contributions are significant. He spent over half a century recording the life of the city and its people, providing a precious cultural record. Moreover, he changed the fashion photography landscape by focusing on ordinary people, making fashion more inclusive. Through his story, the author encourages readers to pursue their passions and make unique contributions like Cunningham did.
目的： 引导学生思考作者写作背后的意图和情感。
阅读技能目标：
引导学生从作者的角度思考问题，理解作者选择讲述特定故事的意图和目的，培养批判性思维。
提升学生对文章主题和价值观的领悟能力，能够准确把握作者通过故事传达的深层情感和思想内涵。
4.
A. In the cultural context of the fashion industry's pursuit of luxury and fame, what were the unique aspects of Bill Cunningham's behavior and what influence did they have Answer in about 80 - 100 words.
Bill Cunningham's behavior was unique in that he focused on ordinary people instead of just the glamorous side of fashion. He also maintained a simple life and a pure pursuit of photography, not being swayed by luxury and fame. His influence was significant as he broadened the concept of fashion, making it more accessible. He showed that fashion exists in everyday life, which promoted the development of a more inclusive fashion culture.
B. In the fashion industry chasing luxury and fame, Bill Cunningham was unique for focusing on ____________, sticking to a simple life, and his pure love for photography. His actions influenced the fashion culture by making it more ____________.
Answer：ordinary people; inclusive
C. Complete the table to show the unique aspects of Bill Cunningham's behavior and their influences in the fashion industry's cultural context.
Unique Behaviors Influences
Focused on ordinary people Broadened the understanding of fashion, making it more accessible to the public
Maintained a simple lifestyle Demonstrated that success in the fashion industry doesn't necessitate a luxurious lifestyle
Pursued photography purely, unaffected by material benefits Promoted a more sincere and dedicated approach to fashion photography, inspiring others to focus on the art itself
目的： 让学生结合文化背景分析人物行为的意义和影响
阅读技能目标：
培养学生结合文化背景分析文本的能力
帮助学生思考人物行为在特定文化背景下的价值和意义
III. Structural Analysis and Creative Output（How结构分析与创造性输出）
1.
A. What structure does the article about Bill Cunningham adopt And how does this structure benefit the narration of his story Answer in about 80 - 100 words.
The article adopts a total - sub - total structure. First, it introduces Bill Cunningham's ordinary appearance and his popularity, raising readers' curiosity. Then, it elaborates on his qualities, work, and lifestyle in detail. Finally, it summarizes his contribution. This structure clearly presents his characteristics and achievements, making the story organized and easy to understand.
B. The article about Bill Cunningham uses a （1）_____ structure. This structure helps to clearly show his （2）_____ and （3）_____.
Answer：（1）total - sub - total；（2）characteristics；（3）achievements
C. Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.
Statement: The article about Bill Cunningham uses a random structure, which makes the story more interesting. （ ）
Answer：False
目的： 引导学生把握文章整体结构形式及其对内容表达的作用。
阅读技能目标：
帮助学生识别文章的整体结构类型
理解不同文章结构对表达内容的作用
2.
A. Please list some pronouns and conjunctions used in the article about Bill Cunningham, and analyze their functions. Answer in about 80 - 100 words.
In the article, pronouns like “he” are used frequently. “He” replaces Bill Cunningham, making the text more concise and the description more fluent. Conjunctions such as “Moreover” are important too. “Moreover” is used to add more information about what made Cunningham great, connecting ideas and smoothly leading to the next point, thus making the article's logic more coherent.
B. In the article, the pronoun “he” is used to refer to （1）. The conjunction “Moreover” is used to （2） more information and make the article more （3）_____.
Answer：（1）Bill Cunningham；（2）add；（3）coherent
目的： 让学生关注文章中的衔接元素，理解其对文章连贯性的作用。
阅读技能目标：
训练学生识别文章中代词、连接词等衔接手段的能力
帮助学生理解衔接手段对文章连贯性和逻辑性的重要作用，学会通过衔接词把握文章上下文之间的关系。
3.
A. What genre does this article about Bill Cunningham belong to And what rhetorical device is used Please give an example to illustrate its function. Answer in about 100 - 120 words.
This article belongs to the genre of biographical writing. The rhetorical device used is contrast. For example, there is a contrast between Bill Cunningham's great fame in the fashion photography field and his simple lifestyle. This contrast highlights his unique character, showing that he is not influenced by material things, thus making his image more prominent and memorable.
B. Match the genres and rhetorical devices with their corresponding descriptions.
Column A
A. Biographical writing
B. Contrast
C. Narrative essay
D. Simile
Column B
1.A genre that tells the life story of a person.
2.A rhetorical device that shows the difference between two things to highlight a certain feature.
3.A genre that mainly tells a story.
4.A rhetorical device that makes a comparison using “like” or “as”.
Answer：A - 1；B - 2；C - 3；D - 4
C. Which of the following best describes the genre of the article about Bill Cunningham （ ）
A. Narrative essay
B. Argumentative essay
C. Biographical writing
D. Descriptive essay
What rhetorical device is used in the article about Bill Cunningham （ ）
A. Simile
B. Metaphor
C. Personification
D. Contrast
Answer：C D
目的： 引导学生识别文体和修辞，理解其对文章表达的效果。
阅读技能目标：
培养学生辨别不同文体（如记叙文、说明文、议论文、人物传记等）的能力
提高学生对修辞手段（如对比、比喻、拟人等）的识别和分析能力
IV. Critical Thinking and Application（批判性思维与实践运用）
1.
A. In the current commercial photography environment, what difficulties does Bill Cunningham face when focusing on street - level ordinary people and the purity of photography Summarize based on the article and industry reality.
Financially, as his work doesn't fit the commercial mainstream, getting stable support is tough. He refused typical commercial perks, so covering equipment and shooting costs is a struggle. Audience - wise, the market, dominated by flashy, market - driven content, makes it hard for his work to gain wide exposure. His focus on ordinary people may not attract general or high - profit - seeking media attention
B. The article claims Bill Cunningham changed fashion photography. What are the limitations of examples like his rejection of commercial interests and focus on daily fashion Analyze overlooked factors.
Rejecting commercial interests doesn't prove a direct change in the concept; others may have done the same without impact. Focusing on daily fashion is just one part. Overlooked factors could be technological innovations in photography, like new shooting or post - processing methods. Also, his potential influence on emerging photographers through teaching, not mentioned, could have been crucial.
C. If Bill Cunningham were in the social media era, what opportunities and challenges would his street - focused style face in terms of communication and audience needs
Opportunities: Social media offers a vast platform. His unique photos could reach a global audience quickly, appealing to users seeking diverse, authentic content. Challenges: Social media audiences have short attention spans and prefer highly edited content. His raw photos may not stand out, and could get lost in the content flood. The fast - paced nature of social media may also conflict with his slow, careful approach.
目的： 引导学生将文章中 Cunningham 的摄影模式与现实商业摄影环境相联系
阅读技能目标：
培养学生从文本中提取关键信息，并将其应用于实际问题分析的能力
提升学生对不同观点的评估和论证能力
2.
A. Briefly elaborate on the similarities in the selection of creative materials between the local street artist and Bill Cunningham, and give examples.
Both focus on daily life scenes in their selection of creative materials. Bill Cunningham captures the fashion moments of ordinary people on the street, showing the fashion elements in life. For example, he photographs the daily outfits of pedestrians on the street. The local street artist uses the life of community residents as creative materials. For instance, in the community murals, scenes of local residents' daily lives are depicted, such as neighbors chatting and children playing, bringing art back to the public's life.
B. Analyze the differences between the local street artist and Bill Cunningham in terms of artistic creation forms and the scope of dissemination.
In terms of artistic creation forms, Bill Cunningham adopts photography, a more documentary form, which can quickly capture instantaneous images from an individual perspective. While the local street artist uses painting and needs to spend a long time creating large - scale works in a fixed space, such as painting large - scale murals on the community walls. In terms of the scope of dissemination, Bill Cunningham's works are spread through the media, reaching a wider audience, and can be seen by people around the world who are interested in fashion. The murals of the local street artist mainly influence the local community residents and tourists who come to visit, and the scope of dissemination is relatively limited to the local area and the surrounding areas where people come to check in.
目的： 引导学生将文章中艺术作品对社会文化的影响与身边的实例相联系
阅读技能目标：
养学生观察生活、分析社会文化现象的能力。
加深对艺术影响力的理解。
V. 词块积累及应用
1. 绘制思维导图：
中心词：Bill Cunningham
分支 1：Appearance（e.g., white - haired, wearing a blue worker's jacket, simple black
running shoes）
分支 2：Photography Style（e.g., use simple cameras, take photos on the streets,
photograph ordinary people）
分支 3：Work Attitude（e.g., devotion to photography, work hard every day, regardless of
the weather）
分支 4：Life Style（e.g., live in a small apartment, have simple meals）
分支 5：Values（e.g., value integrity, freedom over money）
A. 外貌描述相关表达
“A white - haired old man riding an ordinary bicycle around the streets of New York,
always wearing the same blue worker's jacket and simple black running shoes.”
用法：用于具体描述人物的外在形象，包括头发、穿着、出行方式等，展现人物的平凡特
质。
替换表达：“A gray - haired elderly man cycling around New York streets, dressed in a plain
blue jacket and basic black sneakers.”
B. 摄影风格相关表达
“Cunningham always used simple, relatively cheap cameras and took all his pictures on
the streets of New York, not in a studio.”
用法：阐述摄影师的摄影工具选择以及拍摄地点偏好，突出其独特的摄影风格。
替换表达：“Cunningham consistently employed basic, inexpensive cameras and captured all
his
images on the streets of New York instead of in a studio setting.”
“Cunningham liked to photograph ordinary people in the poor Bronx as much as VIPs in
rich Manhattan.”
用法：表明摄影师对拍摄对象的选择，体现其不局限于特定阶层，关注不同人群的摄影理
念。
替换表达：“Cunningham was fond of photographing common folks in the poverty - stricken
Bronx just as much as celebrities in affluent Manhattan.”
C. 工作态度相关表达
“devotion to photography”“hours and hours of sheer hard work”“regardless of the
weather”“hardly ever took a day off”
用法：用于描述对工作的热爱程度、投入的时间和精力，以及面对困难时坚持不懈的态度。
替换表达：“passion for photography”“countless hours of arduous work”“no matter what
the
weather was like”“rarely took a break”
D. 生活方式相关表达
“He lived in a small apartment with a shared washroom. A simple restaurant was where
he usually had the same meal of sausages, eggs and coffee.”
用法：描述人物的居住环境和日常饮食情况，展现其简单朴素的生活方式。
替换表达：“He resided in a tiny apartment with a communal washroom. He often had his
regular meal of sausages, eggs, and coffee at a humble restaurant.”
E. 价值观相关表达
“valued his integrity”“Money's the cheapest thing, freedom is the most expensive.”
用法：体现人物对自身品德的重视以及对金钱和自由的看法，反映其内在价值观。
替换表达：“cherished his integrity”“Money is of little importance compared to freedom.”
目的：通过整理文章中关于 Bill Cunningham 的外貌、摄影风格、工作态度、生活方式和
价值观的表达，帮助学生构建对人物全面认知的语义网络，加深对文章内容和语言的理解。
2. 迁移应用
A. 请用以下词汇和表达介绍一位你熟悉的摄影师或艺术家的特点：
词汇：simple, devoted, ordinary, integrity, freedom
句型：[Name] is...; [Name] always...; [Name] values...
示例句：
My favorite photographer is Tom. He is a simple - living person. He always uses simple equipment to take photos of ordinary people. He values his integrity and freedom in photography.
目标：帮助学生运用文中相关词汇和表达描述其他摄影师或艺术家的特点，锻炼词汇运用能力。
B．模拟采访：假设你是记者，要采访一位像 Bill Cunningham 一样专注街头摄影的摄影
师。请设计 5 个采访问题。
句型支持：
What inspired you to choose street photography
How do you maintain your passion for photography in different weather conditions
Do you face any difficulties in keeping your integrity in the photography field
目标：鼓励学生运用对 Bill Cunningham 的了解，从不同角度设计采访问题，加深对街头摄影和摄影师价值观的理解。
C. 写一篇短文，描述你对理想摄影师的期待，至少使用以下表达：
词汇：passionate, dedicated, unique, integrity
句型：I hope a photographer is...; A good photographer should...; What I value most is...
示例写作框架：
开头：表明对理想摄影师的期待（总体描述）
中间：分别阐述对摄影师在热情、专注度、风格和品德方面的期望（具体描述）
结尾：总结理想摄影师应具备的核心品质（总结）
目标：通过写作巩固对描述摄影师相关词汇和表达的运用，拓展学生的写作能力。
目的：该任务聚焦于词汇积累和应用，帮助学生通过不同形式，如描述人物、设计采访问题和写作，在实际语境中运用与 Bill Cunningham 相关的词汇和表达，增强词汇运用能力。
阅读技能目标：
扩展与人物特点、工作态度、生活方式和价值观相关的词汇。
将新词汇应用于不同语境中，以增强对文章内容的理解和语言表达能力。外研版选修2 Unit3阅读单（学生版）
Reading Comprehension Worksheet（学生版）
外研社XB2Unit3Reading and Thinking: Life Behind the Lens
I. Understanding and Main Idea Extraction（What文章理解与主旨提取）
1.
A. Based on the title "Life Behind the Lens", briefly state what you think the article might be about.
B. Based on the title "Life Behind the Lens", which of the following is the most likely content of the article （ ）
A. The history of lenses.
B. The life and work of a person who uses a camera.
C. The development of photography technology.
D. The beauty of the scenery captured by lenses.
2.
A. The passage is mainly about the （1）_____ and （2）_____ of Bill Cunningham.
B. Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.
Statement: The passage mainly focuses on Bill Cunningham's expensive photography equipment and his high - class social life. （ ）
3.
A. According to the passage, where did Bill Cunningham usually take his photos Please answer in one sentence.
II. Emotional and Deeper Meaning Analysis（Why情感与深层意义分析）
1.
A. Based on the passage, what can be inferred about Bill Cunningham Please answer in 2 - 3 sentences.
B. From the passage, we can infer that Bill Cunningham put more value on ____________ than money.
C. What can we infer from the passage about Bill Cunningham （ ）
A. He was not interested in fashion at all.
B. He valued freedom more than money.
C. He only took photos of poor people.
D. He didn't like attending parties.
2.
A. Match the people's attitudes towards money with their corresponding descriptions.
Column A
A. People who think money is extremely important.
B. People who are indifferent to money.
C. People who are eager to make money.
Column B
1.Bill Cunningham
2.People who always chase after high - paying jobs without considering other factors.
3.People who don't care about salary increases and focus more on job satisfaction.
B. Describe Bill Cunningham's attitude towards money according to the passage.
3.
A. What does the author want to convey by telling Bill Cunningham's story Please answer in 2 - 3 sentences.
B. By telling Bill Cunningham's story, the author aims to praise his love for photography, his ____________, and his contribution to ____________.
C. Write a short essay (about 100 - 120 words) to analyze what the author wants to convey by telling Bill Cunningham's story. You should include at least two aspects, such as his qualities and contributions.
4.
A. In the cultural context of the fashion industry's pursuit of luxury and fame, what were the unique aspects of Bill Cunningham's behavior and what influence did they have Answer in about 80 - 100 words.
B. In the fashion industry chasing luxury and fame, Bill Cunningham was unique for focusing on ____________, sticking to a simple life, and his pure love for photography. His actions influenced the fashion culture by making it more ____________.
C. Complete the table to show the unique aspects of Bill Cunningham's behavior and their influences in the fashion industry's cultural context.
Unique Behaviors Influences
Focused on ordinary people
Maintained a simple lifestyle
Pursued photography purely, unaffected by material benefits
III. Structural Analysis and Creative Output（How结构分析与创造性输出）
1.
A. What structure does the article about Bill Cunningham adopt And how does this structure benefit the narration of his story Answer in about 80 - 100 words.
B. The article about Bill Cunningham uses a （1）_____ structure. This structure helps to clearly show his （2）_____ and （3）_____.
C. Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.
Statement: The article about Bill Cunningham uses a random structure, which makes the story more interesting. （ ）
2.
A. Please list some pronouns and conjunctions used in the article about Bill Cunningham, and analyze their functions. Answer in about 80 - 100 words.
B. In the article, the pronoun “he” is used to refer to （1）. The conjunction “Moreover” is used to （2） more information and make the article more （3）_____.
3.
A. What genre does this article about Bill Cunningham belong to And what rhetorical device is used Please give an example to illustrate its function. Answer in about 100 - 120 words.
This article belongs to the genre of biographical writing. The rhetorical device used is contrast. For example, there is a contrast between Bill Cunningham's great fame in the fashion photography field and his simple lifestyle. This contrast highlights his unique character, showing that he is not influenced by material things, thus making his image more prominent and memorable.
B. Match the genres and rhetorical devices with their corresponding descriptions.
Column A
A. Biographical writing
B. Contrast
C. Narrative essay
D. Simile
Column B
1.A genre that tells the life story of a person.
2.A rhetorical device that shows the difference between two things to highlight a certain feature.
3.A genre that mainly tells a story.
4.A rhetorical device that makes a comparison using “like” or “as”.
C. Which of the following best describes the genre of the article about Bill Cunningham （ ）
A. Narrative essay
B. Argumentative essay
C. Biographical writing
D. Descriptive essay
What rhetorical device is used in the article about Bill Cunningham （ ）
A. Simile
B. Metaphor
C. Personification
D. Contrast
答案：C D
IV. Critical Thinking and Application（批判性思维与实践运用）
A. In the current commercial photography environment, what difficulties does Bill Cunningham face when focusing on street - level ordinary people and the purity of photography Summarize based on the article and industry reality.
B. The article claims Bill Cunningham changed fashion photography. What are the limitations of examples like his rejection of commercial interests and focus on daily fashion Analyze overlooked factors.
C. If Bill Cunningham were in the social media era, what opportunities and challenges would his street - focused style face in terms of communication and audience needs
A. Briefly elaborate on the similarities in the selection of creative materials between the local street artist and Bill Cunningham, and give examples.
B. Analyze the differences between the local street artist and Bill Cunningham in terms of artistic creation forms and the scope of dissemination.
V. 词块积累及应用
1. 绘制思维导图：
中心词：Bill Cunningham
分支 1：Appearance（e.g., white - haired, wearing a blue worker's jacket, simple black
running shoes）
分支 2：Photography Style（e.g., use simple cameras, take photos on the streets,
photograph ordinary people）
分支 3：Work Attitude（e.g., devotion to photography, work hard every day, regardless of
the weather）
分支 4：Life Style（e.g., live in a small apartment, have simple meals）
分支 5：Values（e.g., value integrity, freedom over money）
A. 外貌描述相关表达
B. 摄影风格相关表达
C. 工作态度相关表达
D. 生活方式相关表达
E. 价值观相关表达
2. 迁移应用
A. 请用以下词汇和表达介绍一位你熟悉的摄影师或艺术家的特点：
词汇：simple, devoted, ordinary, integrity, freedom
句型：[Name] is...; [Name] always...; [Name] values...
B．模拟采访：假设你是记者，要采访一位像 Bill Cunningham 一样专注街头摄影的摄影师。请设计 5 个采访问题。
C. 写一篇短文，描述你对理想摄影师的期待，至少使用以下表达：
词汇：passionate, dedicated, unique, integrity
句型：I hope a photographer is...; A good photographer should...; What I value most is...
