Unit 3 Times change! Understanding ideas Language points课件

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Unit 3
Unit 3
Times change!
1. The day I heard that the Rainbow Bookstore was closing after 50 years of business, I was heartbroken.
听说经营了50年的彩虹书店就要关门了的那天，我伤心极了。
e.g. The moment I saw her, I recognised her.
Each time I washed the car, it rained.
the moment, the instant, the day, next time, each time, the first time都可以充当连词。
the day充当连词，引导时间状语从句。
【语境应用】根据汉语提示补全句子。
_________________________________ (每当我听到这首歌) I’ll think of him.
______________________________________ (我一看到他) I knew that there was no hope.
______________________________________ (第一次我坐飞机) I was really nervous.
Every/Each time I listen to the song
The moment/instant/minute/second I saw him
The first time I took a plane/ flew on a plane
2. The bookstore, which was a legendary fixture in the neighborhood, was a place where anyone could drop in and connect through their love of books.
【句意】这家书店是这片社区的鼎鼎大名、永远不变的一家店，谁都可以来这里逛逛，因为热爱书籍而互相认识。
where引导的限制性定语从句，修饰a place
which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰the bookstore
drop in: to pay an informal visit to a person or a place
顺便访问；顺便进入
drop in +at +地点 drop in + on + 人
e.g. Why not drop in for a chat (翻译)
为什么不顺便来聊聊呢
It’s improper to drop in on him so casually. (翻译)
这样冒冒失失去找他可不好。
Please drop in at my office when you are free. (翻译)
如果你有空的话，请到我的办公室来。
找出第三段中另一句还有drop短语的句子：
A bunch of us kids would frequently drop by the store after school. 我们这群孩子放学后经常去书店。
drop by: to drop in 顺便拜访
e.g. He dropped by my office this morning.
We frequently drop by the neighbours’ house for a cup of
coffee.
drop out 退出；脱离；辍学
drop off 打盹儿；小睡；减少；下降
drop back 落后，落在后面
【语境应用】单句语法填空。
1) I just dropped ________ to see how you were getting on.
2) Will you drop _________ on us tomorrow evening for a talk
3) I was so sleepy at that time, so I dropped _________ and missed the end of the film.
4) She started a master degree but dropped _________ after only a year.
5) She stopped going to classes and dropped _________ in her schoolwork.
by/in
in
off
out
back
3. I had a long chat with Casey, the store’s elderly owner.
我和老店主Casey聊了很久。
have a chat with sb.: to talk to each other in an informal and friendly way 和某人聊天
e.g. I had a chat with John yesterday evening.
have a chat with sb. about sth. 与某人闲谈某事
chat with / to 与……闲聊
chat show (电台或电视台)现场采访节目
a chat about/ over sth. 聊某事
elderly adj. used as a polite way of saying that someone is old or becoming old 年老的；渐老的（委婉用法）
an elderly man 上了年纪的人
the elderly hotel 老字号旅馆
get elderly 变老
the elderly 老人，上了年纪的人
(the elderly指一类人，作主语时，谓语动词常用复数)
【语境应用】翻译句子。
在中国老年人通常最先品尝端上桌的食物，因为他们很受尊敬。
The elderly are usually the first to taste the food served on the table because they are well respected in China.
2) 许多老年人更愿意住在自己的房子里。
Many elderly people prefer to live in their own houses.
4. Sighing deeply, he told me how it was becoming difficult to run an independent bookstore.
现在分词短语在句中作伴随状语
【思考】
现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语和句子的主语是什么关系？
现在分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致，且所表示的动作与句子中谓语的动作同时发生。
【句意】他深深地叹了一口气，告诉我经营一家私营书店是
多么困难。
现在分词在句子中作状语，可表示伴随、原因、结果、方式、条件、时间等意义。
e.g. The earthquake happened at midnight, causing hundreds of deaths.
Seeing from the top of the hill, we can find that the city looks more beautiful.
Being so ill, she can’t go back to work yet.
Having bought our tickets, we went into the theatre.
5. I tried to think of some words of sympathy, but I had to admit that the Rainbow Bookstore couldn’t stay in business much longer.
我想要说些同情的话，却发现自己不得不承认彩虹书店的确开不下去了。
sympathy n. feelings of pity and sorrow for someone else’s misfortune 同情
e.g. They had great sympathy for the flood victims.
他们对遭受水灾的灾民深表同情。
have / feel / show sympathy for sb. 对某人表示同情
get sympathy from sb. 获得某人的同情
out of sympathy 出于同情
e.g. I have a lot of sympathy for her; she had to bring up
the children on her own.
I thought at least I’d get some sympathy from you.
Shops were closed out of sympathy for the victims.
sympathy 志同道合；意气相投； 哀悼；慰问；支持；赞同
express sympathy for (对……表示)慰问
in sympathy (with sb./ sth.) 对(某人/某事)等表示支持或赞同
sympathetic adj. 同情的
e.g. A bond of sympathy developed between members of
the group.
You have my deepest sympathies on the death of your father.
My sympathies are with the workers on this matter.
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) All of sudden, ________________________ (一种温暖的同情感) rose up in my heart.
2) My daughter __________________________ (对……表示同情) the people who were begging from the passing shoppers.
3) My friend Linda _______________________ (表示慰问) when I got injured.
a warm feeling of sympathy
had/felt/showed sympathy for
expressed sympathy
stay in business: 经商，维持营业
e.g. I don’t think this restaurant will stay in business very long.
on business 出差办事
business trip 商务旅行
business meeting 商务会议
none of your business 与你无关
get down to business 开始干正事
6. Childhood memories came back to me so clearly, as if the events had happened only yesterday.
童年的记忆如此清晰地浮现在我的脑海中，就像昨天才发生的事情一样。
as if引导虚拟语气。
当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或不大可能发生或存在的情况时，可以用as if引导的从句。
从句中动词的时态主要分为两种：
1) 如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。
eg He acts as if he knew me.
他表现得好像认识我似的。
2) 如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。
eg He talks about Antarctica as if he had been there before.
他谈起南极就好像他之前去过那里一样。
7. We spent hours reading, seated on the store’s old but comfortable furniture.
seat vt. if a place seats a number of people, it has enough
seats for that number (房间、车辆、桌子等)坐得
下……人，能供给……座位
to arrange for someone to sit somewhere 安排(某人)
就座
过去分词短语在句中作伴随状语
【句意】我们会坐在店里陈旧而舒适的家具上，读上好几个钟头的书。
Sighing deeply, he told me how it was becoming difficult to run an independent bookstore.
We spent hours reading, seated on the stores old but comfortable furniture.
Read the two sentences. Pay attention to the relationships between participial phrases and the subjects of the sentences. And then conclude their differences.
现在分词短语表示的动作和句子主语是主动关系
过去分词短语表示的动作和句子主语是被动关系
8. Clearly, the Rainbow Bookstore was in good, creative hands.
显然，彩虹书店被有创意的人经营的很好。
in good hands: in the care of a person or people who are able to take care of someone or something well 在可靠的人手里；被照顾的很好
e.g. It’s a great school where you know your kids are in good hands.
这是一所很棒的学校，你知道你的孩子会得到很好的照顾。
be in safe hands 有可靠的人照管
fall into sb.’s hands 受制于某人，被某人控制
in the hands of sb. = in sb.’s hands 由某人处理/照料
have a hand in sth. 插手某事，参与某事
9. The campaign had been led by Jennifer Oakley, a saleswoman who had grown up in the neighborhood and who had now taken over the bookstore from Casey.
这次活动由Jennifer Oakley领导，她是一位售货员，从小在社区长大，现在已经从Casey手中接手了书店。
take over: to take control of something 接管, 接替
to get control of it by force, for example with the help of the army 控制, 管理
e.g. Here, you take over stirring the soup while I start making
the salad.
take away 拿走
take back 收回(话); 使回忆起
take off 脱下; 起飞; 休假；(突然)成功
take in 吸收; 理解; 欺骗
take on 呈现; 承担; 聘用
take out 拿出
take up 开始从事; 占据(空间); 占用(时间)
【语境应用】单句语法填空。
1) Don’t be taken _____ by his charm —he is ruthless.
2) His business began to take _____ after he took _____ some professional planning.
3) The company decided to take _____ a new secretary to take _____ Mr. Smith who was to retire.
4) He was taken ______ to begin a prison sentence.
5) You’d better take _____ what you said!
off
away
over
on
in
out
back
10. I joined Casey, who was looking up at the screen on which
readers’ comments kept popping up.
pop up: to appear or happen, especially suddenly or
unexpectedly 突然出现，冒出来
e.g. If the warning continues to pop up, we must send the computer to be repaired.
on which=where引导定语从句
who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰Casey
我凑到Casey身旁，他正看着大屏幕上不断出现的读者评论。
【语境应用】翻译句子。
1) 你解决完一个问题，另一个问题又会马上冒出来。
2) 我并不是有意要那样说的，说着说着就蹦出了口。
3) 她脑子里突然冒出一个念头。
pop out 脱口而出
pop into one’s head/ mind 突然冒出/想到
pop in 突然进去
You solved one problem and another would immediately pop up.
I didn’t mean to say it like that – it just popped out.
All at once an idea popped into her head/mind.
11. I’m so pleased to see that everything I wanted it to offer to the community is still here.
我很高兴我想让书店奉献给社区的一切都还在。
to see that everything… 为动词不定式短语作原因状语。
不定式常放在glad, sorry, happy, pleased, eager, lucky, fortunate, proud, angry, surprised, amazed, disappointed, ready, foolish, clever, willing 等表示心理状态的形容词后面作原因状语。
结构为：be + adj. +to do/to have done 因……而……
【语境应用】单句语法填空。
1) These little children are lucky ______________ (meet) such an outstanding teacher.
2) You are foolish ______________ (follow) the man’s advice. He is just a cheat.
3) My daughter is happy ______________ (win) the first place.
to meet
to follow
to have won
12. Traditional bookstores can’t compete with large bookstore chains. 传统书店无法与大型连锁书店竞争。
compete v. to try to be more successful than someone or something else 竞争
compete in 参加……比赛
compete against/with 与……比赛
compete for 为争取/得到……而比赛/竞争
compete to do sth. 竞相做某事
competition n. 比赛
enter a competition 参加比赛
hold a competition 举行比赛
a fierce competition 激烈的竞争
in competition with 与……竞争
competitive adj. 有竞争力的
competitor n. 比赛者; 对手
【语境应用】翻译句子。
1) 在节日期间，商店必须为了争夺顾客而竞争。
2) Tom明天将参加百米赛跑。
The stores have to compete for customers during the holidays.
Tom will / is going to compete in the 100 meters tomorrow.
3) Jim是个非常争强好胜的人，他不想被打败。
4) 电脑公司之间有很多竞争。
Jim is a very competitive person and he doesn’t want to be beaten.
There’s a lot of competition between computer companies.