/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
第21讲 九年级上 Modules11--12
重 点 单 词 1. general 整体的；普遍的 2. standard 标准；水准；adj. 标准的；通常的 3. feeling 感觉；直觉看法 4. difficulty 困难；困境 5. subject 主题 6. add 添加 7. recently 最近；近来 8. menu 菜单 9. tonight (在)今晚；(在)今夜 10. winner 获胜者 11. rush 冲；奔；匆忙；仓促 12. blouse 女衬衫 13. skirt 裙子 14. singer 歌手；歌唱家 15. congratulations [复数]祝贺 16. headmaster 男校长 17. present 授予；呈递 18. bet (bet, bet)打赌；下赌注 19. factory 制造厂；工厂 20. pollute 污染 21. recycle 回收利用，再使用(废品) 22. waste 废料；废弃物 23. enemy 敌人；仇人 24. crop 庄稼；作物 25. kill 杀死；弄死；消磨(时间)；打发(时光) 26. oil 石油 27. less 较小的；较少的；n. 较少数；较少量 28. hopeless 无望的 29. divide 分开 30. plastic 塑料；adj. 塑料的 31. policy 政策；方针 32. reuse 再次使用；重复利用 33. bottle 瓶 34. repeat 重说；重新做 35. reduce 减少；减低；缩小 36. cloth 布；布料 37. ton 吨 38. rubber 橡胶 39. rapid 快速的；迅速的 40. step 步骤；措施；台阶；梯级 41. grandson (外)孙子 42. granddaughter (外)孙女 43. china 瓷；瓷器 44. recycling 回收利用
词 汇 拓 展 1. general(adj.)普遍的→generally(adv.)大致地 2. feel(v.)感到→feeling(n.)感觉→felt(过去式/过去分词) 3. difficult(adj.)困难的→difficultly(adv.)困难地→difficulty(n.)困难→difficulties(pl.)→easy/simple(反义词)简单的 4. recent(adj.)最近的→recently(adv.)最近，近来 5. win(v.)赢→won(过去式/过去分词)→winner(n.)获胜者 6. sing(v.)唱→sang(过去式)→sung(过去分词)→singer(n.)歌手，歌唱家 7. congratulate(v.)祝贺→congratulations(n.)祝贺 8. rush(v.)冲→rushed(过去式)→rushed(过去分词)→rushes(第三人称单数现在式)→rushing(现在分词) 9. subject(n.)主题→subject(n.)科目 10. present(v.)颁发→present(adj.)出席的，到场的(n.)礼物 11. pollute(v.)污染→pollution(n.)污染 12. recycle(v.)回收利用→recycling(n.)回收利用 13. enemy(n.)敌人→enemies(pl.) 14. kill(v.)杀害→killer(n.)杀人者，杀手 15. policy(n.)政策→policies(pl.) 16. hope(n.&v.)希望→hopeful(adj.)充满希望的→hopeless(反义词)无望的 17. divide(v.)分开→division(n.)分配，分界线 18. repeat(v.)重复→repeated(adj.)反复的，重复的 19. cloth(n.)布料→clothes(n.)衣服 20. use(v.)使用→reuse(v.)再次使用，重复利用→useful(adj.)有用的→useless(adj.)无用的 21. rapid(adj.)迅速的→rapidly(adv.)迅速地 22. little(adj.)小的，少的→less(比较级)→least(最高级)
重 点 短 语 1. take photos 拍照 2. you bet 的确；当然；一定 3. the thing is 答案是；问题是 4. for the first time 第一次 5. win the photo competition 赢得摄影比赛 6. be in with a chance 有可能；有机会 7. deal with 处理；解决 8. belong to 属于 9. read out 朗读；宣读 10. be pleased with sth./sb. 对……很满意 11. compared with... (与……)相比 12. even though 即使；尽管 13. give/present prizes to sb. 颁奖给某人 14. win the prize 获奖 15. protect sth. against sth. 保护……；使……不受…… 16. manage to do sth. 成功做某事 17. on a windy evening 在一个起风的晚上 18. think of 考虑；思考；想起 19. spread over 分散；传开 20. a danger to our health 对我们的健康有危害 21. such as... 比如…… 22. save energy 节约能源 23. get worse 变得更糟 24. throw away 扔掉；丢弃 25. be harmful to 对……有害 26. change...into... 把……变成…… 27. divide...into... 把……分成…… 28. take steps 采取措施 29. as...as possible 尽可能…… 30. hope for sth. 希望某物；期待某物 31. tons of 许多；很多
重 点 句 型 1. He's the boy who won the photo competition last year! 他就是去年赢得摄影比赛的男孩！ 2. I'm sure you're in with a chance! 我肯定你有获胜的机会！ 3. We were very pleased with our competition this year.我们对我们今年的比赛非常满意。 4. Compared with other years, we received many more photos. 与往年相比，我们收到了更多的（参赛）照片。 5. Even though all of the photos are excellent, we are sorry to say that we cannot give prizes to everyone.尽管所有的照片都很出色，但我们只能遗憾地告诉大家我们不能给每个人都颁奖。 6. Congratulations to our winners and thanks to everyone who entered the competition.祝贺获奖者，并感谢所有参赛者。 7. The photos that/which you send should include some words about them.你发送的照片应当包含一些有关它们的文字说明。 8. They showed ideas and feelings, just as other kinds of art do.它们表达了思想和感情，正如其他艺术一样。 9. It's no use talking about things we can't do.谈论我们不能做的事情是没有用的。 10. And what do you do with the bottles when they are empty 并且你们是怎样处理空瓶子的？ 11. Do you divide the waste into things to recycle and things to throw away 你们将废弃物分成要回收再利用的和需丢弃的吗？ 12. Although it takes energy to change things into something else, it is better than throwing things away or burning them. 虽然把一种东西变成另一种东西会消耗能源，但是也比把它们扔掉或烧掉好。 13. We cannot hope for rapid change, but let's take these simple steps today...我们不能期待立竿见影的变化，但是让我们从今天开始采取这些简单的措施吧…… 14. We all need a healthy environment, but we produce waste every day, and it is harmful to our environment. 我们都需要一个健康的环境，但我们每天都制造废物，这对我们的环境是有害的。 15. Use things for as long as possible.物品尽量能用多久就用多久。
知识点
考点一Tonight I am more than happy to read out the winners of the photo competition.今晚，我非常开心来宣读摄影比赛的获胜者。
◆辨析more than的各种用法：
(1)意为“超过”，相当于over，其后常接数字。例如：My father has collected more than 100stamps.我
爸爸已经收藏了100 多张邮票。
(2)意为“十分；非常”，后接形容词，表示程度，相当于very, quite等。例如：
While we' re crossing the road, we have to be more than careful. 当我们过马路时，我们必须万分小心。
◆精题巧练
1. (2024·湖北武汉·中考) We have planted ________ 500 trees in our school since last March.
A. more than B. more C. less than D. as many as
2. (2024·山东济南·中考) The girl was ________ glad to see her old friend at the station.（考查“十分/非常”）
A. very B. more than C. so D. too
3. (2023·湖南长沙·中考) The old scientist has worked in this field for ________ 40 years.（考查“超过”）
A. over B. more C. more than D. as much as
4. (2023·广东广州·中考) When you take the exam, you should be ________ careful to avoid mistakes.
A. more B. more than C. much D. so that
5. (2023·江苏苏州·中考) There are ________ 35 students in our class, and all of them love sports.（考查“超过”）
A. more B. more than C. less than D. as many as
考点二 Compared with other years, we received many more photos.与往年相比，我们收到更多的照片。
◆辨析 compared with…和compared to…
compared with...侧重于将两个事物对照比较，突出二者的差异（也可包含相似点），是更客观的对比。多用于同类事物的比较，尤其在数据、事实类的正式表达中。
compared to侧重将两个事物类比，突出二者的相似性，常带有比喻、拟人等修辞色彩。
可用于不同类事物的比拟，也可用于简单的对比
◆精题巧练
1. _______ traditional bookstores, online bookshops usually have lower prices and more choices.
A. Comparing with B. Compared with C. Compared to D. To compare
2. The writer _______ his own life to a long journey full of ups and downs in his new novel.
A. compared B. competed C. completed D. connected
3. _______ last year’s data, this year’s sales have increased by 15%.
A. Compare with B. Comparing to C. Compared with D. To compare
4. Many people _______ the young man’s courage to a bright light that guides others.
A. compare with B. compared to C. compare D. compared
5. _______ other students in her class, Lily spends much more time reading after school.
A. Comparing with B. Compared with C. Comparing to D. To compare to
考点三…, people were not used to seeing photos of the earth like this 人们并不习惯看到这样的地球照片。
" sb.+ be get used to+ doing sth.”意为“某人习惯于做某事”。to是介词，其后一般接名词、代词或动名词。例如：
Now he is used to getting up early.现在他已经习惯早起了。
◆辨析 be/get used to + doing sth. ， used to do sth. 和 be used to do sth.
1. be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事（ to 是介词，后接名词/动名词）。get used to 强调“逐渐适应”的过程， be used to 强调“已经适应”的状态。
例句：She is used to getting up early.（她习惯早起。）
2. used to do sth.过去常常做某事（现在已不做， to 是不定式符号，后接动词原形）。
例句：He used to play basketball after school.（他过去放学后常打篮球。）
3. be used to do sth.被用来做某事（被动语态， use 表“使用”， to 是不定式符号）。
例句：Knives are used to cut things.（刀被用来切东西。）
◆精题巧练
1. My grandfather _______ go fishing by the river every Sunday, but now he likes staying at home.
A. used to B. is used to C. was used to D. gets used to
2. It took me a long time to _______ living in the countryside after moving there.
A. use to B. used to C. get used to D. be used to
3. Computers _______ help people do many difficult jobs in daily life.
A. used to B. get used to C. are used to D. were used to
4. She _______ up early, so she never feels tired in the morning.
A. used to get B. is used to get C. is used to getting D. gets used to get
5. —Did you _______ play the piano every day when you were a kid
—Yes, but now I have no time for it.
A. use to B. used to C. get used to D. be used to
考点四. At a green school, every class collects waste which can be recycled or used again.在绿色学校里，每个班都收集可循环再生或再利用的废物。
◆辨析 waste 的不同用法
①waste作名词，意为“废弃物；浪费”，常用于“It' sa waste of time/ money/…to do sth.”,意为“做某事是浪费时间/金钱/……的”。例如：It's a waste of time to wait any longer.再等下去是白费时间。
②waste作动词，意为“浪费；滥用”。常用于“waste time(in) doing sth.”,意为“浪费时间做某事”。或用于“waste time/ money on sth.”,意为“在某 事 上浪 费 时间/金钱”。例如：Don't waste time(in) playing computer games.不要浪费时间玩电脑游戏。
◆精题巧练
1. It's a _______ of money to buy such an expensive and useless thing.
A. waste B. habit C. chance D. pity
2. Don’t _______ your time playing video games all day. You should study hard instead.
A. cost B. take C. waste D. pay
3. Many students often _______ too much money on snacks and drinks, which is not good for their health.
A. waste B. use C. spend D. take
4. —What do you think of watching soap operas every night
—It’s a _______ of time. They are meaningless.
A. result B. waste C. decision D. purpose
5. We shouldn’t _______ our energy on something we don’t really care about.
A. waste B. save C. collect D. develop
考点五 That means less waste.那意味着减少浪费。
less可作形容词、副词，意为“较少的（地）；较小的（地）”，是little的比较级。常用于less than,意为“少于”。例如：There are less than 10 customers in therestaurant.这家饭店的顾客不到10人。
◆辨析 less 和 fewer
less：是 little 的比较级，修饰不可数名词，也可修饰形容词/副词原级。
fewer：是 few 的比较级，修饰可数名词复数。
There is less water in the bottle.（瓶子里的水更少了。）
She runs less fast than me.（她跑得比我慢。）
There are fewer books on the desk.（桌上的书更少了。）
◆精题巧练
1. （2024·辽宁大连）To live a greener life, we should use _______ plastic bags and _______ water.
A. fewer; less B. less; fewer C. fewer; fewer D. less; less
2. （2024·云南昆明）There are _______ people in the park today than yesterday because it’s raining heavily.
A. fewer B. less C. many D. much
3. （2023·山东济南）My sister spends _______ time on her phone now because she has more homework to do.
A. fewer B. less C. little D. few
4. （2023·广西南宁）—Why do you like this new school
—Because there are _______ rules here than in my old school.
A. fewer B. less C. much D. more
5. （2023·浙江杭州）You need to speak _______ quickly if you want everyone to understand you.
A. less B. fewer C. much D. many
考点六 And what do you do with the bottles when they are empty 瓶子空了时你怎样处理它们？
◆辨析 deal with和do with
deal with意为“处理，应付，对付”，在特殊疑问句中常与how连用。例如：
How will you deal with the naughty boy 你将怎样处置这个淘气的男孩？
do with意为“处理，处置，对付”，在特殊疑问句中常与what连用，侧重于对某事物的利用或处置。“What do you do with… ”意为“你怎样处理 ？”。
例如：
What will you do with your old books 你将怎样处理你的旧书？
◆精题巧练
1. （2024·四川成都）—_______ are you going to _______ these old toys
—I’ll give them to my cousin who loves collecting toys.
A. How; do with B. What; deal with C. What; do with D. How; use with
2. （2024·湖南株洲）—_______ will you _______ the difficult math problem
—I plan to ask my teacher for help after class.
A. How; deal with B. What; do with C. How; do with D. What; deal with
3. （2023·福建福州）Could you tell me _______ we should _______ the problem of pollution in our city
A. what; deal with B. how; deal with C. what; do with D. /; do with
4. （2023·河南郑州）—_______ do you usually _______ the waste paper at home
—We collect it and sell it to the recycling company.
A. How; deal with B. What; do with C. How; collect D. What; deal with
5. （2023·陕西西安）No one told us _______ we could _______ the extra food after the event极.
A. how; do with B. what; deal with C. what; do with D. what; use with
语法点
一. which和who/ whom引导的定语从句
which引导的定语从句修饰无生命的东西。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。多数情况下可以和that互换
I like the books which/that were written by Lu Xun.我喜欢鲁迅写的书。
The desks (which/ that) wemade last year were verygood.我们去年做的桌子很好。
who/whom引导的定语从句修饰人。who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom作宾语.当关系代词跟在介词之后时，必须用whom The man who/ whom theyare waiting for is David.他们等的那个人是戴维。
I love singers who write theirown music.我喜欢自己作曲的歌手。
She brought with her threefriends, none of who m I hadever met before.
她带了三个朋友，没有一个是我以前见过的。
二、构词法
定义：通过前缀、后缀、合成等方式，由基础单词构成新单词，涉及前缀、后缀、合成词三种类型。
1. 前缀：加在单词前，改变词义，不改变词性
（1）否定前缀（拓展）
dis-：表示“不；相反”，后接动词/形容词
mis-：表示“错误地”，后接动词
non-：表示“非；不”，后接名词/形容词
（2）数量前缀
uni-：表示“单一”
bi-：表示“双；两”
（3）其他常用前缀
en-：表示“使……处于状态；使成为”，后接名词/形容词
tele-：表示“远距离的”
2. 后缀：加在单词后，改变词性，不改变词义
（1）名词后缀
ment：后接动词，表“动作/结果”
ance/-ence：后接动词，表“性质/状态”
ist：表“人（职业/信仰者）”
ese：表“某国/某地的人；语言”
（2）形容词后缀（拓展）
y：后接名词，表“充满……的；具有……性质的”
al：后接名词，表“与……相关的”
ous：表“充满……的”
（3）动词后缀
ify：表“使……成为；使……化”
ize/-ise：表“使……处于状态；使……化”
3. 合成词：两个或多个单词直接组合，形成新单词
（1）合成名词
用法：名词+名词、形容词+名词、动词+名词等组合形式，直接构成新名词。
book（书）+ shelf（架子）= bookshelf（书架）
black（黑色的）+ board（木板）= blackboard（黑板）
play（玩）+ ground（场地）= playground（操场）
tooth（牙齿）+ brush（刷子）= toothbrush（牙刷）
（2）合成形容词
用法：形容词+名词+ed、形容词+现在分词、数词+名词等组合，部分需加连字符（尤其是数词+名词结构）
kind（善良的）+ heart（心）+ ed = kind-hearted（好心的）
good（好的）+ looking（看）= good-looking（好看的）
three（三）+ year（年）+ old = three-year-old（三岁的）
world（世界）+ famous（著名的）= world-famous（世界闻名的）
◆精题巧练
1. （2024·吉林长春·中考真题） As a science lover, I hope I can invent a bike ________ can fly in the sky.
A. where B. when C. which D. who
2. （2024·内蒙古·中考真题）In difficult times, there are always national heroes ________ step up and bring people hope.
A. who B. which C. whose D. whom
3. （2023·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题） Lei Feng is a great person ________ sets a good example to us.
A. who B. which C. whose
4. （2023·四川成都·统考中考真题）He showed me the photos ________ he took at his graduation ceremony.
A. that B. who C. what
5. （2023·广东卷·中考真题）This is the school ________ I studied three years ago.
A. which B. where C. when D. that
6. （2025·山东济南）— What do you think of the movie
— It's ________. I don't want to watch it again.
A. interesting B. uninteresting C. interested D. uninterested
7. （2025·江苏南京）A ________ is a person who plays the piano very well.
A. piano B. pianist C. violinist D. musician
