Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单词课件(共76张PPT)人教版（2019）必修第一册

(共76张PPT)
UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
Vocabulary
1. disaster(disasters) n. 灾难，灾害
Book P115
dis(离开)+aster(词根:star)
巧记：星星离开原来的位置是灾难。
2. tornado n.龙卷风
tornadoes
tornados
Book P115
3. drought n. 旱灾；久旱
droughts
dr(dry干燥)+ ought(brought带来)=drought
巧记:干燥带来旱灾。
Book P115
4. landsilde n. (山地或悬崖的）崩塌;滑坡
land(陆地，土地)+slide(n.滑) = landslide
land(陆地，土地)+fall(n.落下)=landfall
Book P115
5. slide v.滑行；滑动
slide-slid-slid
Book P115
6. tsunami n.海啸
Book P115
7. flood n.洪水，大量；vi. 淹没；大量涌入；vt. 使灌满；淹没
Book P115
After the heavy rain, there was a big flood.
The teacher received a flood of homework.
The river rose and flooded the fields.
4. He flooded the bottle with water.
洪水
大量的
淹没
使灌满
8. vocanic eruption 火山喷发
Book P115
9. magnitude n.震级；重大
magn 核心词根，源自拉丁语，意思是 “大、伟大”。
-itude - 名词后缀，通常加在形容词后，表示 “状态、性质、程度”。
Book P115
猜一猜：
magnify
magnificent
vt. 放大；夸大
adj.宏伟的；壮丽的
10.rescue n.& vt.营救;救援
·rescuer n.救助者;救援人员
[教材原句] What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area
Book P115 导与练 P99
归纳拓展
·rescue sb/sth from ... 从……中营救某人/某物
·come/go to one’s rescue=rescue sb援救某人
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
They rescued the survivors (幸存者)　　　 　 the ruins(废墟) after the earthquake.
When I lost my wallet,my classmate came to 　　　　 (me) rescue and lent me some money.
老人救了他,并把他送回了家。
→The old man 　　　　　　　 and sent him home.(rescue vt.)
→The old man 　　　　　　　　　　　　 and sent him home.(rescue n.)
from
my
rescued him
came/went to his rescue
11.damage vt.损害;破坏 n.损坏;损失
[教材原句] Which buildings were damaged in Seoul
首尔哪些建筑物被损坏了
归纳拓展
·cause/do damage to对……造成损害
pay for the damage to... 赔偿……的损失
·damage one’s health损害某人的健康
Book P115 导与练 P99
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
After the accident,the driver immediately(立即） offered to pay for the damage　　　　 the other vehicle.
(应用文写作之建议信) 众所周知,花太多时间看屏幕会伤害我们的眼睛。
→As we all know,spending too much time on the screen
　　　　 　　. (do/cause damage to)
→It’s well known that spending too much time on the screen
　　　　　. (damage sth)
→What is known to us all is that spending too much time on the screen
　　　　　　　　　　　. (harmful)
to
will do/cause
damage to our eyes
will damage
our eyes
is harmful to our eyes
Book P116
12. destroy v.摧毁；毁灭
de(向下)+stroy(建筑）= 摧毁
Book P116
13. evacuate vt.疏散；撤出 vt.撤离
e(向外)+vac(vacation空，假期）+ate(动词后缀）=evacuate
使...空出来，：把一个区域“清空”，人们“向外”走。
Book P116
14. helicopter n.直升机
Book P116
15. death v.死；死亡
dead adj.已故的；枯萎的
dying adj.垂死的
die (v.) → death (n.) → dead (adj.) → dying (adj.)
16.affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动
·affection n.喜爱;感情;影响
Book P115 导与练 P100
归纳拓展 ·be (deeply) affected by 受……的影响;被……深深打动
be affected with感染……疾病
·have an affection for sth 对某事有喜爱之情
with affection带着爱意
show affection for sb对某人表达爱意
[语境运用] 写出下列句子中affect的含义/完成句子
The climate change will affect the growth of plants.　　　　　　　
The virus affected his lungs.　　　　　 　　
The movie affected her deeply and she couldn’t help crying.　　　　　　
(读后续写之情感描写) The audience
　　　 (被这个感人的故事深深打动) with tears welling up in their eyes.
(应用文写作之慰问信) Learning that you have returned to Ireland
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (因你感染了重病),I am terribly sorry about it.
影响
(疾病)侵袭,使感染
使感动,打动
were deeply affected by this moving
story
because you were affected with a serious illness
气候变化
病毒
非常地
17. shelter n.避难所；居所 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi. 躲避(风雨或者危险）
Book P116
When it started to rain, we ran to a shelter.
Everyone needs food and shelter.
The mother bird sheltered her babies from the storm.
We sheltered from the heavy rain under a big tree.
避难所
居所
保护
躲避
18. crack n.裂纹 vi.破裂 vt.使破裂
Book P116
19. gas n. 气体；燃气；汽油
Book P116
20. as if 似乎；好像；彷佛
Book P116
It looks as if it is going to rain.
He talks as if he knew everything.
21.ruin n.& vt.破坏;毁坏
·ruined adj.毁坏的;严重的 in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
[教材原句] In less than one minute,a large city lay in ruins.
Book P115 导与练 P100
归纳拓展
·lie/be in ruins成为废墟;严重受损;破败不堪
fall into ruin灭亡;毁坏;败落
bring...to ruin 使……毁灭;使……没落
·ruin one’s future/health/fame毁掉某人的前程/健康/名誉
ruin oneself 自取灭亡
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/熟词生义/完成句子
If you continue to be so proud and lazy,you will ruin 　　　　 (you).
If we don’t protect the ancient temple,it will soon fall 　　　　 ruin.
Sadly,his bad behavior brought his reputation 　　　　 ruin.
The bad habits have ruined him into a lazy man.
　　　　　　 　　　
(应用文写作之建议信) I hope you realize that your bad habits are slowly
　　　　　　　　 (毁掉你自己).It’s time to stop and change.
yourself
into
to
使沦为(不好的状态);使堕落
ruining yourself
名誉
22. percent n.百分之...
Book P116
23. brick n.砖块
bricks
Book P116
24. metal n.金属
Book P116
25.shock n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 vt.(使)震惊
·shocked adj.震惊的;惊讶的 shocking adj.令人震惊的
[教材原句] People were in shock—and then,later that afternoon,another big quake shook Tangshan again.
人们惊恐万状,然而临近傍晚时分,又一次强烈的地震撼动唐山。
Book P115 导与练 P101
归纳拓展
·be a shock to sb使……吃惊
in shock 震惊;吃惊
to one’s shock 令某人震惊的是
·be shocked at/by sth 对……吃惊
be shocked to do sth 做某事很吃惊
be shocked that 对……感到吃惊
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
I was shocked 　　　　 (hear) that he had resigned(辞职).
　　　　 our shock,a famous landmark building caught fire last night.
The 　　 　　 scene left everyone 　　　 　.(shock)
to hear
To
shocking
shocked
26. electricity n.电，电能
Book P116
electric adj. 电的；发电的
electrical adj. 与电有关的；电气科学的
electronic adj. 电子的
27. trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n.险境，陷阱
Book P116
The hunters used a net to trap the wild fox.
The fire trapped them on the top floor.
The mouse was caught in a trap.
使陷入圈套
使落入险境
陷阱
28.bury vt.埋葬;安葬
[教材原句] Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldier to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
Book P115 导与练 P101
归纳拓展
·bury one’s face/head in one’s hands 双手掩面/捂头
bury oneself in (doing) sth=be buried in (doing) sth 埋头于/专心于(做)某事
·be buried in thought 陷入沉思
表示“专注于某事”的短语还有:be absorbed in,be devoted to,be lost in,
focus on,concentrate on,pay attention to等。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
She buried her face 　　　　 her hands and wept.
After his wife left,he buried 　　　　 (he) in his work.
in
himself
29. breathe vi/vt 呼吸
breath n. 呼吸，气息 take a deep breath
Book P115
30. revive vt./vi 复活；(使)苏醒
revival n. 振兴；复活
Book P115
31.effort n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力
[教材原句] With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people,a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.有了来自政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力,一个新的唐山在废墟中被建立起来。
Book P115 导与练 P102
归纳拓展
put one’s effort into doing sth 把某人的精力投入到做某事中
make an effort/efforts to do sth 努力/尽力做某事
spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力地做某事
with/without (an) effort 费力地/毫不费力地
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
　　　　 effort she managed to stop herself laughing.
Let’s start right now and spare no effort 　　　　 (do) a little bit everyday.
(应用文写作之建议信) As a senior high school student,you must
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (努力提高你的沟通) and problem solving skills.
(读后续写之主旨升华)As we all know,
　　　　　　 (不努力则一事无成).
With
to do
make efforts to improve your communication
without effort nothing can be
achieved
32. unify vi./vt. 统一，(使)成一体
unification n.统一
uni=one
猜一猜：
unite v.
uniform adj.
unique adj.
Book P115
使团结，统一
单一的，统一的 → n.校服
独特的
33. wisdom n.智慧，才智
Book P115
近义词：wit, intelligence
34. context n.上下文，语境
Book P115
35.suffer vt.遭受;蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
·suffering n.折磨;苦难
·sufferer n.受苦者;受难者
[教材原句]What kind of help do you think people who have suffered an earthquake need 你认为地震灾民需要什么样的帮助
Book P115 导与练 P102
归纳拓展
suffer from 患……病;因……而受苦;遭受
suffer losses/pain遭受损失/痛苦
①suffer后的名词多指抽象的损害、痛苦等。如pain、loss、defeat、poverty、hunger、punishment、hardship、damage等。
②suffer from常跟具体的不幸或痛苦的名词,表示遭受战争、自然灾害、疾病带来的痛苦。如suffer from hunger/flood/fever/cold/disease(遭受饥饿/洪水/发烧/感冒/疾病)。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
That war caused widespread human 　 　　　 (suffer).
She received many letters of support from fellow 　　 　　 (suffer).
(应用文写作之建议信) I am sorry to hear that you are
　　　　　　 (遭受失眠) all night,I’m writing to you to give you some suggestions.
(读后续写之情感描写) To our great shock,he got badly injured,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (遭受极大的痛苦和不适).
suffering
sufferers
suffering great pain and discomfort
suffering from
sleeplessness
35. volcano n.火山
volcanoes/volcanos
Book P115
36.erupt v. 火山喷发
volcano eruption
37. supply n. 供应量，补给，补给品（有复数形式supplies）
vt.供应；供给
Book P115
supply sb. with sth.
supply sth. to sb.。
向某人提供某物。
38. typhoon n.台风
typhoons
Book P115
39. in the open air 露天，在户外
outdoor
indoor
38. hurricane n.(有指西大西洋的)飓风
Book P115
39.survive vi.生存;存活 vt.幸存;艰难度过
·survivor n.幸存者;生还者 survival n.幸存;残存物
[教材原句]It’s looking for the people who survived the earthquake.
它正在寻找在地震中幸存下来的人。
Book P115 导与练 P103
归纳拓展
survive sth 幸免于;从……中挺过来/活过来
survive from... 从……存活下来
survive on... 依靠……生存下来
A survive B by... A比B活得长……
[语境运用] 写出下列句子中survive的含义/完成句子
The traveller trapped in the lonely island survived on the fish caught in the sea.　　　　　　　
He was very lucky that he survived the cold winter.　　　　　　　
The old lady has survived her elder brother by ten years.　　　　　　　
After the flood destroyed their homes and fields,the family
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (靠着政府送来的物资生存).
生存;存活
艰难度过
比……活得长
survived on
the supplies sent by the government
40.power n.电力供应;能量;力量;控制力 vt.驱动;推动
·powerful adj.强有力的;有权势的;有影响力的 powerless adj.无力的
[教材原句] Go to an open space away from buildings,trees,or power lines.
去一个开阔的地方,远离建筑物、树木或电线。
Book P115 导与练 P110
归纳拓展
have the power to do sth具有做某事的能力
do everything in one’s power to do sth某人尽全力做某事
come to/into power开始掌权/执政
beyond/out of one’s power力所不能及的
[语境运用] 写出下列句子中power的含义/完成句子
He used all his power to lift the heavy box.　　　　　　　
The power of the engine determines the speed of the car.　　　　　　　
The power of music to soothe the soul is well known.　　　　　　　
The machine is powered by electricity.　　　　 　　　
His words powered her to keep going.　　　 　　　　
力量;能力;体力
动力;功率
影响力;感染力
给……提供动力
使……有力量;激励
(应用文写作之建议信)To begin with,make sure you keep awake.Besides,
　　　　　　　　　　　　 　(尽全力) to save yourself actively when waiting for rescue.
(读后续写之主旨升华)It is individuals who
　　　　　　(有能力改变) in the world through small actions.
do everything in your power
have the power to make a
difference
41. tap vi/vt 轻叩，轻敲，轻拍 n.水龙头，轻叩，轻敲
Book P115
She tapped me on the shoulder to get my attention.
Please turn off the tap after you wash your hands.
轻敲
水龙头
42. whistle vi.吹口哨；发出笛声 vt.吹口哨 n.哨声；呼啸声
Book P115
He whistles happily while he walks.
Can you whistle a song
He gave a loud whistle to call his dog.
vi.吹口哨
vt.吹口哨
n.口哨
43.emergency n.突发事件，紧急情况
emergencies
43.calm adj.镇静的;沉着的 vt.使平静;使镇静
·calmness n.冷静;平静 calmly adv.冷静地
[教材原句] Stay calm.保持镇静。
归纳拓展
·calm down平静下来
calm sb down使某人平静下来
·stay/remain/keep calm保持镇静
Book P115 导与练 P110
[词语辨析]
calm 既可指天气、海洋等的平静状态,又可指人的镇定。
quiet 指没有喧闹、活动或骚乱的安静状态。
silent 指沉默不语。
still 指平静而又安定的状态,一动不动。
[语境运用] 选词填空(calm/quiet/silent/still)/完成句子
When facing danger,one should keep 　　　　;when taken photos,one should keep 　　　;when someone else is asleep,one should keep 　 　;
when in class,one shouldn’t keep 　　 　 about the teacher’s questions.
(应用文写作之建议信)If you are lost in the mountains,
　　　(保持镇静) in the face of darkness and loneliness.
When he gets upset,he will take a few deep breaths to
(使自己平静下来).
calm
still
silent
quiet
stay/remain/keep
calm
calm himself down
44.aid n.援助;帮助;救援物资 vi.& vt.(formal)帮助;援助
例　(应用文写作之新闻报道)People from other parts of the country aided them with plenty of supplies.
来自全国其他地区的人们用充足的物资救助他们。
Book P115 导与练 P110
归纳拓展
·give/do/offer first aid to sb对某人进行急救
with the aid/help of sb(=with sb’s aid)在某人的帮助下
come to one’s aid过来帮助某人
·aid sb with sth用某物帮助某人;帮助某人某事
aid sb in (doing) sth帮助某人(做)某事
aid sb to do sth帮助某人做某事
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
　　　　 the aid of a good map,we can easily find the direction.
He is very kind and often aids classmates 　 　 cleaning the classroom.
They had the power to aid him 　　　　 his design.
With
in
with/in
(应用文写作之求助信)如果你能帮助我学习英语,我将不胜感激。
→I would be very grateful if you 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　.
→I would be very grateful if you 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
→I would be very grateful if you 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
could aid me with my English study
could aid me (in) studying English
could aid me to study English
Book P115 导与练 P110
45.kit n.成套工具；成套设备
first aid kit 急救箱
46.on hand 现有（尤指帮助）
1. 指“物品”在手边，随时可用
Please keep a dictionary on hand when you read English books.
2. 指“人”在场，可以随时帮忙
The guide will be on hand to answer your questions.
Book P115 导与练 P110
47.crash vt./vi.碰撞；撞击 n.撞车；碰撞
The car crashed into a tree.
There was a loud crash in the kitchen.
Luckily, no one was hurt in the car crash.
撞击
撞击声
撞车
Book P115 导与练 P110
48.sweep vt./vi.打扫，清扫
sweep-swept-swept
sweep away 消灭；彻底消除
49. wave n.海浪；波浪
a wave of 一股，一阵
a wave of sadness 一阵悲伤
50.strike vi.& vt.(struck,struck/stricken)侵袭;突击;击打;打动,迷住 n.罢工;罢课;袭击
[教材原句] The undersea quake struck around 7:00 a.m.,Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island.
Book P115 导与练 P110
归纳拓展
·be struck by...被……所侵袭;被……打动
sth strikes sb某人想到/意识到某事
strike into one’s heart 深深地打动某人的心灵
It strikes/hits/occurs to sb that...某人突然想起……
strike+钟点 (钟)敲响报时
strike sb+介词+the+身体部位 击打某人某处
·be/go on strike罢工
[语境运用] 写出下列句子中strike的含义/一句多译
A big earthquake struck the city last year,destroying many buildings.
　 　　　 　
The children should not run into the road because they may be struck by a car.　　　　　　　
It struck me that I forgot to take my keys when I arrived at my office.
　　　　　　　
突然袭击;侵袭
撞击
(使)突然想起
He struck a match and lighted a candle.　　　　　　　
I got up early this morning before the clock struck five.　　　　　　　
The visitors were struck by the beauty of the city.　　　　　　　
He fell,striking his head on the floor.　　　　　　　
擦(火柴)
(时钟)报时
打动,迷住
碰撞
(读后续写之心理描写)被他为我做的事情感动,我没能控制住自己,感激的泪水顺着脸颊流下来。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　,I couldn’t contain myself,tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks.(状语从句)
→　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　,I couldn’t contain myself,tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks.(过去分词短语作状语)
Because/As/Since I was struck by what he had done for me
Struck by what he had done for me
51.deliver vt.& vi.递送;传达 vt.发表
·delivery n.投递;交付;递送;分娩
[教材原句] However,dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.
然而,由于条件险恶和道路受损,食物运送和物资补给将变得(非常)困难。
Book P115 导与练 P111
归纳拓展
deliver sth to sb把某物递送/运送给某人
deliver a speech发表演讲
deliver a baby接生
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The woman usually had her water 　　 　　(deliver) to her house.
The lecture the professor 　　 　　(deliver) just now is impressive and inspiring.
Customers are expected to pay for goods on 　　 　　(deliver).
这位女医生因为接生了很多孩子而出名。
The woman doctor is known for 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
delivered
delivered
delivery
delivering many babies
Book P115 导与练 P110
52.summary n.总结 summarize v.总结
53.length n.长，长度
lengthen v.边长
at length/finally/lastly 最终
54.effect n.影响;结果;效果
·effective adj.有效的;有影响的
·effectively adv.有效地
Book P115 导与练 P112
归纳拓展
have a/an...effect on对……产生……影响
come into effect开始实施;生效
take effect生效
bring/put sth into effect使生效;实行
in effect实际上;事实上
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The team worked 　　　 　(effect) to complete the project on time.
The government is determined to bring the new welfare system
effect as soon as possible.
(应用文写作之倡议书)There is no doubt that
(读书会对我们的发展产生好的影响).
(应用文写作之倡议书)I call on our school to
(采取有效措施) to build a low-carbon campus.
effectively
into
reading books will have a
good effect on our development
take effective measures