Unit 5 A delicate world Understanding ideas Language points课件

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Unit 5
Unit 5 A delicate world
MACQUARIE ISLAND:
from Chaos to Conservation
1. would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants, including royal penguins, king penguins, and elephant seals, existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years.
他们也不难想象出，数千年来，包括帝企鹅、王企鹅和象海豹在内的当地动物是如何与其自然栖息地完美地和谐共存的。
否定副词nor位于句首，句子用部分倒装语序。常用结构 “nor +助动词/情态动词+主语 +谓语动词”，表示“……也不”。
e.g. He didn’t quit his job; nor was he fired.
他没有辞职，也没有被解雇。
Nor
【拓展】
当含有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时，句子须用部分倒装语序。
这样的词或短语有never, neither, not, seldom, little, hardly, rarely, scarely, at no time, by no means, in no way等。
e.g. Seldom did it occour to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what’s around them.
他们很少想过要出去走走，花点时间看看周围有什么。
fail to do sth: 未能做成某事，表示否定概念，和否定词连用表示肯定。
e.g. The great bridge cannot fail to stop you in your tracks.
这座宏伟的大桥一定会让你止步观赏。
fail in (doing) sth: 未能做成某事
e.g. He failed in persuading her to go there with him.
他没能说服她和自己一起去。
in harmony with: to agree with another idea or feeling, and look good with other things
与……和谐；与……一致
in harmony with nature 与自然和谐相处
live/ work in harmony 融洽地生活/工作
e.g. Laura’s cat and dog live in perfect harmony.
My brother’s tastes are in harmony with mine.
【语境应用】 完成句子。
Human life is regarded as part of nature and the only way for us to survive is to __________________________ (与自然和谐相处).
2) The colours in the room aren’t ________________________ (彼此不协调).
3) They couldn’t understand it at the time, ________________ (我们也理解不了).
live in harmony with nature
in harmony with each other
and nor could we
2. Unfortunately, the cats subsequently developed an appetite for the birds, too.
但不幸的是，猫随后也开始以鸟为食。
e.g. *I seem to have lost my appetite lately.
我最近似乎胃口不好。
*She has an amazing appetite for knowledge.
她有极强的求知欲。
appetite n. ① physical desire for food 食欲，胃口
② a desire or liking for a particular activity
爱好，欲望
have an appetite with 胃口大开
have a good/ poor / no appetite 胃口好/不好/没胃口
ruin/spoil one’s appetite 破坏某人的食欲
lose one’s appetite 失去胃口
loss of appetite 食欲不振
develop/have an appetite for… 对……产生/有了食欲
【语境应用】翻译下面句子。
1) 我生病时完全失去了食欲。
2) 十岁的男孩彼得非常喜欢古典音乐。
3) 她对生活的热爱深深地感动了我们。
When I was ill I completely lost my appetite.
Peter, a ten-year-old boy, has a great appetite for classical music.
Her appetite for life moved us deeply.
3. Meanwhile, rabbits were introduced to the island as a source of food for humans.
与此同时，人们把兔子引进岛上作为食物。
introduce oneself (to sb.) （向某人作）自我介绍
introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人
e.g. The grey squirrel was introduced into Britain from North America.
灰松鼠是由北美引入英国的。
be introduced to/into...: be brought in/on... 把……引入……
introduction n. 介绍；引进；序言
【语境应用】单句语法填空。
1) Many new methods of teaching have been introduced _____________ our school since last year.
2) He _____________ (introduce) to Mr Black at that party yesterday.
3) She searched for the _____________ (introduce) of yoga on the website.
to/ into
was introduced
introduction
4. Loose on the island, they did what rabbits do best— they multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes, which caused soil erosion.
由于在岛上放任其生存，兔子做了自己最擅长的事 ——飞快地繁殖，它们开始吃当地植被并挖洞，造成土壤侵蚀。
what引导宾语从句，what在从句中作do的宾语
which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代主句的内容
形容词短语作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语
【语境应用】用形容词作状语的形式改写句子。
1) We reached the top of the mountain. We were tired and hungry.
We reached the top of the mountain, tired and hungry.
2) Jane was satisfied with it. She bought the book immediately.
Satisfied with it, Jane bought the book immediately.
multiply v. ① to increase by a large amount or number, or to
make something do this(使) 大大增加，(使) 倍增
② to add a number to itself a particular number of times乘，乘以
e.g. Smoking multiplies the risk of heart attacks and other health problems.
吸烟大大增加了患心脏病和其他疾病的危险性。
Multiply the total by 12.
把总数乘以 12。
加 减 乘 除
plus (prep.) minus (prep.) times (prep.) multiply (v.) divided by
add (v.) subtract (v.) divide (v.)
addition (n.) subtraction (n.) multiplication (n.) division (n.)
“加减乘除”表达法
2＋2=4 Two plus/added to two is four.
4－2=2 Four minus two is two./ Two subtracted from four is two.
2×2=4 Two times/multiplied by two is four.
4÷2=2 Four divided by two is two.
【语境应用】单句语法填空。
1) Our problems ______________(multiply) since last year.
2) Five ______________ (multiply) by six is thirty.
3) Ten added ______________ five makes fifteen.
4) 12 divided ______________ 4 equals 3.
5) If you multiply three ______________ six, you’ll get eighteen.
have multiplied
multiplied
to
by
by/ and
5. The exploding rabbit population provided plentiful food for the cats, meaning that the number of cats also increased.
爆炸式增长的兔子数量给猫提供了充足的食物，这意味着猫的数量也增加了。
e.g. The population has exploded in the last ten years.
在过去十年中，人口激增。
Investment by Japanese firms has exploded.
日本公司的投资已经开始激增。
explode v. ① to suddenly increase greatly in number, amount, or degree 突然增加
e.g. He was driving so fast that his car tyre exploded.
他的车开得太快导致爆胎。
explode v. ② to burst, or to make something burst, into small pieces, usually with a loud noise and in a way that causes damage （使）爆炸
explosion n. 爆炸；激增
explode v. ③ to suddenly express strong feelings such as anger (感情)爆发，迸发
e.g. She exploded with grief and anger.
她悲愤交加，大发雷霆。
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) Do you fear that you’ll burst into tears or _______________ (勃然大怒) in front of the journalist
2) They told her to stay still until the emergency personnel arrived, but she thought the car ____________________ (要爆炸了).
explode with anger
was going to explode
6. This in turn led to more cats hunting the birds.
结果，这导致了更多的猫去捕食鸟。
e.g. The grape production declined greatly this year which in turn brought a rise in its price.
今年葡萄的产量大幅下降，因此价格上涨了。
in turn: as a result 结果
in turn: one after the other in a particular order 轮流，依次
e.g. Each of us collects the mail in turn.
我们轮流取信。
7. Even after Macquarie Island became an official nature reserve in the 1970s, the rabbits remained out of control.
即使在20世纪70年代麦夸里岛成为官方自然保护区后，兔子仍然不受控制。
beyond control 无法控制
in control of 控制，管理，掌握
lose control of 失去对……的控制
under control （被）控制住
out of control: to become impossible to manage 失控
【语境应用】用control的相关短语完成下列句子。
1) They were ______________ the southern side of the mountain, which was good news to the army.
2) I don’t remember what you had said because I got pretty drunk and things got ______________ at that time.
3) I didn’t know what to do with my hands; I didn’t know how to stand on the stage; I ______________ my voice.
4) Anna was doing very well, staying away from chocolate and keeping her weight ______________.
in control of
out of control
lost control of
under control
8. But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 130,000 to around 10,000, it also meant less food for the cats.
然而，虽然病毒使得兔子的数量从130,000降到约10,000只，但这也意味着猫的食物变少了。
e.g. Average house prices decreased by 13% last year.
去年房屋均价下降了 13%。
decrease v. to become less or go down to a lower level, or to make something do this（使）变小，（使）减少
decrease to… 减少到…… （表示减少的结果）
decrease by 减少了（表示减少的幅度）
decrease in 在……方面减少
decrease n. 减少，减少的量
a decrease in ……的减少
on the decrease 在减少
【语境应用】语法填空。
1) Traffic accidents ______________ (decrease) in frequency over recent years.
2) The number of independent firms decreased _________ 296 _________ 198.
3) The production cost of this kind of car has decreased _________ ten percent.
4) The number of people commenting on the matter is _________ the decrease.
on
have decreased
by
from
to
9. It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus, and their numbers exploded once again.
它们最终对病毒产生了免疫，数量又一次激增。
e.g. To my surprise, it turned out that I was wrong.
If the day turns out wet, we may have to change our plans.
The job turned out to be harder than we thought.
it作形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语
turn out: to be discovered to be; to prove to be 结果是，证明是
其后常跟从句、形容词或不定式to be。
turn out: 关掉，熄灭(电灯、煤气等)
翻出;倒出
在场; 露面; 集合; 出席
e.g. I'll just write until my mom comes round to turn the lights out.
我会一直写到我妈过来熄灯。
Turn the plants out of their pots.
把植物从花盆里倒出来。
A vast crowd turned out to watch the match.
大群的观众到场观看比赛.
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) He got his first book published. It ___________________
(结果) to be a best- seller.
2) ___________________ (原来) she was the PE teacher of my sister.
3) The whole village ______________________ (到场欢迎) the hero.
4) New technologies have made it possible to ________________ (生产新产品) faster and at a lower cost.
turned out
It turned out that
turned out to welcome
turn out new products
10. This incident made it clear that the rat, mouse and rabbit problem needed solving once and for all.
这一事件清楚地表明，大鼠、小鼠和兔子泛滥的问题需要 一次彻底的解决。
a major incident 重大事件 a small incident 小事件
a violent incident 暴力事件 a serious incident 严重事件
incident n. an event, especially one that is unusual, important, or violent 事件
【辨析】incident, event, accident
单词 意义
incident 侧重指小事，又可指政治上具有影响的事件或事变；
event 侧重指具有重要意义的大事件或体育运动中的比赛项目；
accident 侧重指偶然或意外发生的不幸事情。
【语境应用】从incident, event及accident中选用合适的单词并用其适当形式填空。
1) The _________ made the listeners burst into laughter.
2) Neither you nor the driver, I think, has told the truth behind the _________.
3) The _________ has been put off due to lack of interest.
4) I didn’t mean to break it it was an _________.
5) You could have caused a major diplomatic ___________ between the two countries.
incident
accident
event
accident
incident
11. They have been trained to find every last one, without harming the native animals.
这些狗受训去寻找剩下的每一只老鼠和兔子，同时又不伤害当地动物。
e.g. My sister ate every last biscuit.
我妹妹吃掉了所有的饼干。
He captured every last detail.
他抓住了每一个细节。
every last: every single 每一个；全部
(比every的语气更强烈，相当于all)
12. This intervention is a long, much-delayed ending to a sad story, but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending.
这次干预行动是这场悲剧漫长而屡被贻误的大结局，但这是我们人类应该做的，我们亏欠这座岛屿一个美好的结局。
e.g. He asked for help from a colleague who owed him a favour.
他要一个欠他人情的同事帮忙。
owe v. ① to feel that you should do something for somebody or give somebody something, because they have done something for you or given something to you 应该做; 对……负有……的义务
e.g. I still owe you for the taxi.
我还欠你出租车的钱呢。
owe v. ② to have to pay somebody for something that you have already received or return money that you have borrowed 欠(钱); 负债
owe v. ③ to exist or be successful because of the help or influence of somebody/something 归功于
e.g. Their success owes more to good luck than to careful management.
他们的成功更多靠的是好运气，而不是苦心经营。
own it to sb. to do sth. (认为)应该为某人做某事
owe sb. for sth. ﹦own sth. to sb. 欠某人某物
owe sth. to sb. 将某事归功于某人
owe it to sb. that... 将……归功于某人
owe sb. a favour 欠某人一个人情
owe sb. an explanation/ apology 欠某人一个解释/ 道歉
owing adj. 欠着的; 未付的; 应还的，应付的
owing to = because of/ due to/ on account of 因为, 由于
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) I think maybe we __________________.
我想我们应该向你道歉。
2) I ______ it all ______ my friends who helped me so much.
这全归功于我那些鼎力相助的朋友们。
3) ___________________ the heavy rain, the match is cancelled.
比赛因大雨而取消。
owe you an apology
owe
to
Owing to/Because of/
Due to