Unit 6 Survival Developing ideas Reading Language points课件

(共27张PPT)
Unit 6
Unit 6
Survival
Plan B: Life on Mars
1. In the 1960s and 1970s, the greatest fear was that the human race, and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet, could be wiped out by nuclear missiles, just at the push of a button.
that引导表语从句，表语从句中的主语为the human race, and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet。
Paraphrase:
The human race, and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet, could be eliminated by nuclear missiles easily. That was the greatest fear in the 1960s and 1970s.
表语从句常用的关联词有that, what, which, who, how, if, whether等。
This is why she failed to pass the exam.
The trouble is that I have lost the letter.
eg
advanced adj. having the most modern and recently developed ideas, methods, etc. 高级的,先进的
advance n. forward movement 前进
progress in the development or improvement of something 发展，进步
money given to someone as a loan or before the usual time of payment 预支，借钱
advance v. to move forward 前进，行进
to make progress, especially in your knowledge of something；提升
to bring an event, or the time or date of an event forward to an earlier time or date；提前，提早
to give someone money before they have earned it
预支，预付
advance adj. planning etc. that is done before an event
预先的，事先的
This is the most advanced type of engine available.
这是现有的最先进的引擎。
I was given an advance of a month’s pay.
我预支了一个月的工资。
The date of the meeting has been advanced from Friday to Wednesday.
会议日期从星期五提前到了星期三。
We got no advance warning of the changes.
我们没有事先得到这些变化的警告。
eg
in advance 预先，提前; 在某事发生之前
in advance of 超前于某人/某物; 比某事物先进
make advances in 在……方面取得进步/进展
advance on/upon/towards 向……推进/挺进
Many thanks, in advance, for your help.
对你的帮助预先表示万分感谢。
Galileo’s ideas were well in advance of the age in which he lived.
Galileo的思想超前于他所生活的时代。
eg
【语境应用】翻译句子。
1) __________________________________________ (先进的制造业和现代服务业) registered rapid growth.
2) This research has done much _______________________ ____________________ (促进我们对语言学习的理解).
3) We received _________________________________ (没有预先收到风暴的预警).
no advance warning of the storm
to advance our understanding of language learning
Advanced manufacturing and modern services
wipe v. to rub a surface with something in order to remove dirt, liquid etc 擦，拭，揩
wiped out: to destroy a place or a group of people or animals completely 彻底毁灭
Bill wiped his eyes and apologized.
比尔擦干眼泪，道了歉。
He wiped his mouth on the back of his hand.
他用手背抹了抹嘴。
The whole village were wiped out by the earthquake.
整个村庄都被地震摧毁了。
eg
2. Films such as The Martian enjoy worldwide popularity. More governments and organisations are making efforts to educate the public on the Red Planet, for example, the Mars Desert Research Station in the Utah desert of the US and the Mars Village in North-west China’s Qinghai Province.
Paraphrase:
Films like The Martian are very popular among people all over the world. More governments and organisations are working hard to teach people about Mars. The Mars Desert Research Station in the Utah desert of the US and the Mars Village in North-west China’s Qinghai Province are two examples of this.
enjoy worldwide popularity: 在全世界范围内受欢迎
The combination of good quality and fashionable design has enabled this brand to enjoy worldwide popularity.
高质量结合时尚的设计，使该品牌风靡全世界。
eg
educate sb on sth = educate sb about / in sth
在某事上对某人予以教育
eg
The country launched a campaign to educate teenagers about AIDS.
该国发起了一场教育青少年了解艾滋病知识的运动。
3. There is no doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars, with dreams of making it our second home.
that引导同位语从句，解释说明doubt的具体内容。
There is no doubt that ...: used when you are saying that sth is certainly true 毫无疑问……
同位语从句一般由that, wh-类连接词引导，常放在doubt, fact, news, idea, truth, hope, thought等抽象名词后，解释说明该名词的具体内容。
There is no doubt that Dick has done his job well.
毫无疑问，Dick的工作做得不错。
eg
The news that our team has won the game is true.
我们球队赢得比赛的消息是真实的。
I have no idea where they have gone.
我不知道他们去了哪里。
同位语从句 定语从句
共同点 从句前都有一个与从句相关的名词 从句作用 对名词解释、说明 对名词修饰、限制
引导词that 只起连接作用，在从句中不作成分，但不能省略 在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略
eg
4. While the Moon can be reached within days, it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation.
这里的days和months都表示约数，两者可形成一定对比。
while “虽然，尽管”引导让步状语从句
Paraphrase:
It takes days for people to reach the Moon, but it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation.
while和although都可以引导让步状语从句
不同 相同
while引导的让步状语从句在意义上与主句的对比不是那么强烈，即主句与从句只是部分不一致。 while和although都不能与but连用，但可以与nevertheless或者yet连用。
although引导的让步状语从句时，主句常有让人意外之意，对比较为强烈。 While I like the style of the dress, I don’t like the colour.
Although the car is very old, it can run pretty fast.
While a prototype (模型) may work well in a test, it may nevertheless run out of control when used in practice.
eg
5. It consisted of a closed space in which people, animals and plants could live together.
consist of: to be formed from two or more things or people 由……构成，由……组成
Their diet consists of vegetables and fruits.
他们的日常饮食包括蔬菜和水果。
The audience consisted mainly of teenagers.
观众主要是青少年。
eg
不用于被动语态和进行时
consist of & make up
consist of 常用整体作主语，表示“（整体）由……组成”。
make up 常用部分作主语，表示“（部分）构成（整体）”；
如果用整体作主语时，则用被动结构be made up of，这时可以和consist of互换
A car consists of many different parts.
= A car is made up of many different parts.
= Many different parts make up a car.
eg
【语境应用】找出下面句子中的错误，并在横线处改正。
1) She said that team made up of representatives from every province. _______________
2) The medical team, which was consisted of thirteen doctors, arrived at the village yesterday. _______________
3) His job is consisted of helping old people who live alone. _____________________
made前加was
去掉was
is consisted → consists
eg
6. For now, human settlement of Mars is still decades away. In the meantime, scientific research shows that the planet Earth is getting warmer.
for now = right now: until a later time目前； temporarily 暂时
in the meantime: until something expected happens, or while something else is happening与此同时, 在此期间
Although I have second thoughts about your plan, I’ll accept it for now. 虽然我对你的计划有想法，但是目前我还是接受的。
Your computer won’t be arriving till Thursday. In the meantime, you can use Jude’s. 您的计算机要到星期四才能到达。在此期间，你可以使用Jude的。
Paraphrase:
At the present time, it will be decades before humans can settle on Mars. Meanwhile, scientific research shows that the planet Earth will continue getting warmer.
7. Choose the statements that can be inferred from the passage.
infer v. to form an opinion that something is probably true because of information that you have 推断，推定
infer … from … 从……中推测出……
A lot can be inferred from these statistics.
根据这些统计资料可以推断出很多事情。
From the evidence, we can infer that the victim knew her killer.
根据证据我们可以推断出受害者认识凶手。
eg
【语境应用】翻译句子。
1) 从你的笑容可以看出你很高兴。
I infer from your smile that you are happy.
2) 大部分含义可以从上下文中推断。
Much of the meaning can be inferred from the context.
8. We can infer that the Moon is less exposed to dangerous radiation than Mars.
expose v. to put someone in a situation where they are not protected from something dangerous or unpleasant使暴露(于险境)，使陷入(危险)
expose oneself to … 使自己面临……;使自己暴露于……
to show something that is usually covered or hidden显露，露出
to show the truth about someone or something, especially when it is bad 揭露，揭发
Do not expose babies to strong sunlight.
You could be exposing yourself to unnecessary risks when driving alone.
In some Muslim countries women do not expose their faces in public.
The report exposes the weaknesses of modern medical practice.
eg
exposure n. 暴露，揭露，揭发；接触，体验
eg
Prolonged exposure to the sun can cause skin cancer.
【语境应用】根据括号内的汉语提示补全下列句子。
1) The report revealed that workers _____________________ (已经遭受) high levels of radiation.
2) The soldiers were warned to remain hidden and ________________________ (不要暴露自己).
3) Education should _________________________________ (让学生接触好的艺术和音乐).
had been exposed to
not to expose themselves
expose students to good art and music