Welcome Unit Discovering Useful Structures 课件(共35张PPT)人教版（2019）必修第一册
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| 名称 | Welcome Unit Discovering Useful Structures 课件(共35张PPT)人教版（2019）必修第一册 |
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| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 1.3MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-01-13 19:53:31 | ||
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(共35张PPT)
Discovering Useful Structures Grammar
— 句子成分和八大基本句式
Welcome Unit
words
sentences
a passage
Learn to express your ideas in English.
What makes a sentence
My grandmother died.
I am alive.
I love her.
I bought her roses.
She called me daring.
She loved me so much.
I talk less.
There is no happiness for me.
我奶奶去世了。
我活着。
我爱她。
我曾送她玫瑰。
她曾叫我亲爱的。
她曾那么爱我。
我很少说话了。
我没有快乐了。
A sad story
Verbs are an important component in a sentence. They decide how a sentence forms.
Components of a sentence
My grandmother died.
I am alive.
S (subject) 主语
主语表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。
I love her.
I bought her roses.
V (verb) 谓语动词
谓语用来说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。
Components of a sentence
I still love her.
I bought her roses.
O (object) 宾语
宾语是谓语动词所表示的动作的对象。宾语放在谓语动词（短语）的后面。
I am alive.
It is a cat.
P (predicative) 表语
表语用来表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词或相当于名词、形容词的短语或句子充当，位于系动词之后，与系动词一起构成句子的谓语。
Components of a sentence
I talk less.
She loved me so much.
A (adverbial) 状语
状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。
She called me daring.
I found my classmates friendly.
C (object complement) 宾语补足语
有些及物动词（短语）带了宾语后意义仍不够完整，还需要加上宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的行为、状态、身份或特征等。
P
DO
O
A
C
(subject)
S
V
(verb)
(object)
(predicative)
(adverbial)
(direct object)
IO
(object complement)
(indirect object)
attribute
Attr
主语
状语
宾语补足语
直接宾语
表语
宾语
间接宾语
谓语
Let’s review (句子成分）
What makes a sentence
定语
Members of a sentence: Think and talk
The car runs fast.
She is kind.
Eight is a lucky number in China.
Swimming is my favorite.
To see is to believe.
What we need is time.
名词
动名词
动词不定式
代词
数词
主语从句
1. 主语 (S-subject): 表明句子说的是谁或什么情况，一般可由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式、主语从句等充当。
Members of a sentence: Think and talk
2. 谓语 (V-verb)：说明主语的动作或状态，一般由及物动词和不及物动词充当。
He reads a book.
The boy likes English.
The river flows.
The sun rises.
及物动词
及物动词
不及物动词
不及物动词
Members of a sentence: Think and talk
3. 宾语 (O-object): 表示动作、行为的对象；宾语一般可由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式等充当；及物动词后称为动词宾语，介词后称为介词宾语；有些动词可接双宾语 (即直接宾语 → 常指物，和间接宾语 → 常指人)。
He reads a book.
He loves her.
He wants three.
He likes swimming.
She wants to fly.
He waits for the chance.
He bought her a coat.
名词
代词
数词
动名词
不定式
her：间接宾语；a coat：直接宾语
名词 (介宾)
Members of a sentence: Think and talk
4. 系动词 (linking verb): 状态系动词，表示主语的状态、身份等。常见的系动词有：be 动词 (am, is, are), 半系动词 (stay, keep, turn, remain, get 等)，感官系动词 (feel, smell, taste, sound等)。
I am happy.
The day turns long.
He gets angry.
He seems ill.
Members of a sentence: Think and talk
5. 表语 (P-predicative)：用在系动词之后, 说明主语“是什么” “怎么样”；一般可由名词、形容词、动名词、动词不定式、代词、数词、介词短语等充当。
She is a doctor.
The cloth feels soft.
His favorite sport is running.
Your task is to find out the cost.
The helper is him.
The lucky number in China is eight.
She is in the room.
名词
形容词
动名词
代词
不定式
数词
介词短语
Members of a sentence: Think and talk
6. 定语 (attribute)：用来修饰或限制名词或代词的成分; 一般可由形容词、非谓语动词、名词、数词、 冠词、介词短语等充当。
a nice girl
three cups
something to eat
a sleeping baby
the burnt food
a cat in the room
a shoe shop
形容词
现在分词
名词
不定式
数词
介词短语
过去分词
Members of a sentence: Think and talk
7. 状语 (adverbial): 用来修饰动词, 形容词, 副词或整个句子的成分；说明时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、条件、让步、程度、频率、伴随、目的等; 一般可由副词或介词短语充当。
walk slowly
very good
quite well
He has lived there for ten years.
Members of a sentence: Think and talk
8. 宾语补足语 (Object complement): 用来补充说明宾语的情况。
She encouraged her students to study hard.
He gets the floor clean.
He saw a bird flying over his head.
She thinks him a good teacher.
Simple sentence
Can you tell the differences of these sentences
How much do you know
a. The mom is kind.
b. The mom is not strict.
2. a. Is the mom strict
b. What’s the school life like
c. Do they like English
d. They do like English, don’t they
a. Be careful, kids!
b. Don’t watch TV so much!
4. a. How interesting the story is!
b. What a lovely person she is!
陈述句 (Declarative Sentence)
疑问句 (Interrogative Sentence)
祈使句 (Imperative Sentence)
感叹句 (Exclamatory Sentence)
S + V + O
例句 I make good friends now.
1. 我们爱中国。
2. 我有一场演讲。
3. 那位设计师不认识我。
4. 我正在组织一场活动。
We love China.
I have a lecture.
That designer doesn’t know me.
I am organizing an activity.
主语由代词、名词性化的词担任
谓语由动词担任。
有否定、时态语态、人称
宾语由代词、名词性化的词担任。注意代词的宾格
找茬
1. Happy plays an important role in our life.
2. I believe she.
3. I don’t have confident.
Happiness
her
confidence
S + V + O
S + V
I laugh a lot.
vi. 不及物动词
1. 你跳，我也跳。
You jump, and I jump.
S + P
I felt anxious the day before school .
1. 我是一名交换生。
2. 他变得害怕。
3. 第一印象似乎（seem )很重要。
4. 食物尝起来(taste)很好。
I am an exchange student.
He becomes frightened.
The first impression seems important.
The food tastes good.
常见的系动词：
1. be 动词：am, is, are
2. 状态类系动词：stay, keep, remain, get 等
3. 感官系动词：feel, smell, taste, sound等
4. 变化类系动词：get, become, grow, go, turn等
5. “看起来，似乎”系动词：seem, look, appear
S + V + IO + DO
They always tell me funny stories.
请你分析此句，说明成分
主
谓
宾？
我给了你一本书。
I give
you
a book
直接宾语
间接宾语
间人直物
you a book / I give a book to you.
S + V + O + C
I find my classmates and teachers friendly
请你分析此句，说明成分
主
谓
你如何理解下面句子。
I call her.
Mike told me.
We paint the door.
宾
？
Mary
to go
green
宾语补足语
S+V+A
1 It rained heavily.
S V A
2 He coughed badly.
S V A
3 The rabbit ran in the woods.
S V A
In SVA structure, adverbial is usually at the end of the sentence.
S+V+O+A
1 A sheep is eating grass over there.
S V O A
2 Mum makes lunch in the kitchen.
S V O A
3 They liked the film very much.
S V O A
In SVOA structure, the verb is transitive（及物的） and is followed by an object and an adverbial.
There is a basketball in the box.
There is a little milk in the glass.
There are many birds in the tree.
There were many people in the street yesterday.
There is an orange and some bananas in the basket.
There are some bananas and an orange in the basket.
Simple sentence: there be …
① “就近原则”
简单句的基本句型
There will be an English test next Monday.
There is going to be a meeting tonight.
There has been a big tree on the top of the hill.
There happened to be some money in my pocket.
There used to be a church across from the bank.
There seems to be more and more things for us to know and study.
Simple sentence: there be …
② There be的复合结构
简单句的基本句型
There is a boy reading books in the shade.
There are some students playing baseball in the playground.
There was a car stolen last night.
There has been more money spent on helping the poor.
Simple sentence: there be …
③ There be +名词 + 分词
简单句的基本句型
1. There (be) a pen and some books on the desk.
2. — Is there anything wrong with your computer
— Yes, there (似乎有) something wrong with it. I am going to have it checked tomorrow.
3. There are a lot of people (wait) for the bus to come.
4. (过去有) plenty of water in this river.
5. There (be) great changes in our country since 1979.
Simple sentence: there be …
is
seems to be
waiting
There used to be
have been
小试身手
1. SV 主谓 2. SVO 主谓宾
3. SP 主（系）表 4. S V IO DO 主谓宾宾
5. SVOC 主谓宾补 6. SVA 主谓状
7. SVOA 主谓宾状 8. There be … =there be 结构
存现句
Summary: eight basic sentence structures
Language points
Ⅲ
Language points: Important words and phrases (P6)
lie in the centre of the city
find the classroom empty
look forward to (doing) sth
the newly built lab
That dream has come true!
the same … as …
something exciting
watch the sun go down
位于城市的中心
发现教室是空着的
期待（做）某事
新建的实验室
梦想成真！
与……一样……
一些令人激动的事情
看着太阳下山
wait for the stars to come out
English Corner
at the same time
等待星星出来
英语角
同时
Language points: Important sentences (P6)
Studying and doing homework seem much more fun
when you are at sea! (P6)
v-ing形式作主语多表示一般性的、抽象的动作或状态,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
在这个句子里，studying和doing homework作主句的主语，when引导时间状语从句。
Language points: Important sentences (P6)
1. __________ (watch) too much TV damages our eyes.
2. __________ (travel) abroad can be very exciting.
3. _________ (live) in the city brings him lots of job chances.
4. ________ (see) is believing.
5. __________ (work) in these conditions is not a pleasure but suffering.
Watching
Traveling
Living
Seeing
Working
即学即用
Draw a mind map of sentence structures.
Finish the given exercise.
Discovering Useful Structures Grammar
— 句子成分和八大基本句式
Welcome Unit
words
sentences
a passage
Learn to express your ideas in English.
What makes a sentence
My grandmother died.
I am alive.
I love her.
I bought her roses.
She called me daring.
She loved me so much.
I talk less.
There is no happiness for me.
我奶奶去世了。
我活着。
我爱她。
我曾送她玫瑰。
她曾叫我亲爱的。
她曾那么爱我。
我很少说话了。
我没有快乐了。
A sad story
Verbs are an important component in a sentence. They decide how a sentence forms.
Components of a sentence
My grandmother died.
I am alive.
S (subject) 主语
主语表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。
I love her.
I bought her roses.
V (verb) 谓语动词
谓语用来说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。
Components of a sentence
I still love her.
I bought her roses.
O (object) 宾语
宾语是谓语动词所表示的动作的对象。宾语放在谓语动词（短语）的后面。
I am alive.
It is a cat.
P (predicative) 表语
表语用来表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词或相当于名词、形容词的短语或句子充当，位于系动词之后，与系动词一起构成句子的谓语。
Components of a sentence
I talk less.
She loved me so much.
A (adverbial) 状语
状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。
She called me daring.
I found my classmates friendly.
C (object complement) 宾语补足语
有些及物动词（短语）带了宾语后意义仍不够完整，还需要加上宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的行为、状态、身份或特征等。
P
DO
O
A
C
(subject)
S
V
(verb)
(object)
(predicative)
(adverbial)
(direct object)
IO
(object complement)
(indirect object)
attribute
Attr
主语
状语
宾语补足语
直接宾语
表语
宾语
间接宾语
谓语
Let’s review (句子成分）
What makes a sentence
定语
Members of a sentence: Think and talk
The car runs fast.
She is kind.
Eight is a lucky number in China.
Swimming is my favorite.
To see is to believe.
What we need is time.
名词
动名词
动词不定式
代词
数词
主语从句
1. 主语 (S-subject): 表明句子说的是谁或什么情况，一般可由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式、主语从句等充当。
Members of a sentence: Think and talk
2. 谓语 (V-verb)：说明主语的动作或状态，一般由及物动词和不及物动词充当。
He reads a book.
The boy likes English.
The river flows.
The sun rises.
及物动词
及物动词
不及物动词
不及物动词
Members of a sentence: Think and talk
3. 宾语 (O-object): 表示动作、行为的对象；宾语一般可由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式等充当；及物动词后称为动词宾语，介词后称为介词宾语；有些动词可接双宾语 (即直接宾语 → 常指物，和间接宾语 → 常指人)。
He reads a book.
He loves her.
He wants three.
He likes swimming.
She wants to fly.
He waits for the chance.
He bought her a coat.
名词
代词
数词
动名词
不定式
her：间接宾语；a coat：直接宾语
名词 (介宾)
Members of a sentence: Think and talk
4. 系动词 (linking verb): 状态系动词，表示主语的状态、身份等。常见的系动词有：be 动词 (am, is, are), 半系动词 (stay, keep, turn, remain, get 等)，感官系动词 (feel, smell, taste, sound等)。
I am happy.
The day turns long.
He gets angry.
He seems ill.
Members of a sentence: Think and talk
5. 表语 (P-predicative)：用在系动词之后, 说明主语“是什么” “怎么样”；一般可由名词、形容词、动名词、动词不定式、代词、数词、介词短语等充当。
She is a doctor.
The cloth feels soft.
His favorite sport is running.
Your task is to find out the cost.
The helper is him.
The lucky number in China is eight.
She is in the room.
名词
形容词
动名词
代词
不定式
数词
介词短语
Members of a sentence: Think and talk
6. 定语 (attribute)：用来修饰或限制名词或代词的成分; 一般可由形容词、非谓语动词、名词、数词、 冠词、介词短语等充当。
a nice girl
three cups
something to eat
a sleeping baby
the burnt food
a cat in the room
a shoe shop
形容词
现在分词
名词
不定式
数词
介词短语
过去分词
Members of a sentence: Think and talk
7. 状语 (adverbial): 用来修饰动词, 形容词, 副词或整个句子的成分；说明时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、条件、让步、程度、频率、伴随、目的等; 一般可由副词或介词短语充当。
walk slowly
very good
quite well
He has lived there for ten years.
Members of a sentence: Think and talk
8. 宾语补足语 (Object complement): 用来补充说明宾语的情况。
She encouraged her students to study hard.
He gets the floor clean.
He saw a bird flying over his head.
She thinks him a good teacher.
Simple sentence
Can you tell the differences of these sentences
How much do you know
a. The mom is kind.
b. The mom is not strict.
2. a. Is the mom strict
b. What’s the school life like
c. Do they like English
d. They do like English, don’t they
a. Be careful, kids!
b. Don’t watch TV so much!
4. a. How interesting the story is!
b. What a lovely person she is!
陈述句 (Declarative Sentence)
疑问句 (Interrogative Sentence)
祈使句 (Imperative Sentence)
感叹句 (Exclamatory Sentence)
S + V + O
例句 I make good friends now.
1. 我们爱中国。
2. 我有一场演讲。
3. 那位设计师不认识我。
4. 我正在组织一场活动。
We love China.
I have a lecture.
That designer doesn’t know me.
I am organizing an activity.
主语由代词、名词性化的词担任
谓语由动词担任。
有否定、时态语态、人称
宾语由代词、名词性化的词担任。注意代词的宾格
找茬
1. Happy plays an important role in our life.
2. I believe she.
3. I don’t have confident.
Happiness
her
confidence
S + V + O
S + V
I laugh a lot.
vi. 不及物动词
1. 你跳，我也跳。
You jump, and I jump.
S + P
I felt anxious the day before school .
1. 我是一名交换生。
2. 他变得害怕。
3. 第一印象似乎（seem )很重要。
4. 食物尝起来(taste)很好。
I am an exchange student.
He becomes frightened.
The first impression seems important.
The food tastes good.
常见的系动词：
1. be 动词：am, is, are
2. 状态类系动词：stay, keep, remain, get 等
3. 感官系动词：feel, smell, taste, sound等
4. 变化类系动词：get, become, grow, go, turn等
5. “看起来，似乎”系动词：seem, look, appear
S + V + IO + DO
They always tell me funny stories.
请你分析此句，说明成分
主
谓
宾？
我给了你一本书。
I give
you
a book
直接宾语
间接宾语
间人直物
you a book / I give a book to you.
S + V + O + C
I find my classmates and teachers friendly
请你分析此句，说明成分
主
谓
你如何理解下面句子。
I call her.
Mike told me.
We paint the door.
宾
？
Mary
to go
green
宾语补足语
S+V+A
1 It rained heavily.
S V A
2 He coughed badly.
S V A
3 The rabbit ran in the woods.
S V A
In SVA structure, adverbial is usually at the end of the sentence.
S+V+O+A
1 A sheep is eating grass over there.
S V O A
2 Mum makes lunch in the kitchen.
S V O A
3 They liked the film very much.
S V O A
In SVOA structure, the verb is transitive（及物的） and is followed by an object and an adverbial.
There is a basketball in the box.
There is a little milk in the glass.
There are many birds in the tree.
There were many people in the street yesterday.
There is an orange and some bananas in the basket.
There are some bananas and an orange in the basket.
Simple sentence: there be …
① “就近原则”
简单句的基本句型
There will be an English test next Monday.
There is going to be a meeting tonight.
There has been a big tree on the top of the hill.
There happened to be some money in my pocket.
There used to be a church across from the bank.
There seems to be more and more things for us to know and study.
Simple sentence: there be …
② There be的复合结构
简单句的基本句型
There is a boy reading books in the shade.
There are some students playing baseball in the playground.
There was a car stolen last night.
There has been more money spent on helping the poor.
Simple sentence: there be …
③ There be +名词 + 分词
简单句的基本句型
1. There (be) a pen and some books on the desk.
2. — Is there anything wrong with your computer
— Yes, there (似乎有) something wrong with it. I am going to have it checked tomorrow.
3. There are a lot of people (wait) for the bus to come.
4. (过去有) plenty of water in this river.
5. There (be) great changes in our country since 1979.
Simple sentence: there be …
is
seems to be
waiting
There used to be
have been
小试身手
1. SV 主谓 2. SVO 主谓宾
3. SP 主（系）表 4. S V IO DO 主谓宾宾
5. SVOC 主谓宾补 6. SVA 主谓状
7. SVOA 主谓宾状 8. There be … =there be 结构
存现句
Summary: eight basic sentence structures
Language points
Ⅲ
Language points: Important words and phrases (P6)
lie in the centre of the city
find the classroom empty
look forward to (doing) sth
the newly built lab
That dream has come true!
the same … as …
something exciting
watch the sun go down
位于城市的中心
发现教室是空着的
期待（做）某事
新建的实验室
梦想成真！
与……一样……
一些令人激动的事情
看着太阳下山
wait for the stars to come out
English Corner
at the same time
等待星星出来
英语角
同时
Language points: Important sentences (P6)
Studying and doing homework seem much more fun
when you are at sea! (P6)
v-ing形式作主语多表示一般性的、抽象的动作或状态,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
在这个句子里，studying和doing homework作主句的主语，when引导时间状语从句。
Language points: Important sentences (P6)
1. __________ (watch) too much TV damages our eyes.
2. __________ (travel) abroad can be very exciting.
3. _________ (live) in the city brings him lots of job chances.
4. ________ (see) is believing.
5. __________ (work) in these conditions is not a pleasure but suffering.
Watching
Traveling
Living
Seeing
Working
即学即用
Draw a mind map of sentence structures.
Finish the given exercise.