Unit 4 Natural Disasters Discovering Useful Structures课件(共27张PPT) 人教版（2019）必修第一册

(共27张PPT)
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures
Para1
1) There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.
Para 2
2) --- one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.
3) Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.
4) The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.
Para 4
5) Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
6) Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
Activity 1. : Perceptual learning:
1)Find out the restrictive relative clauses in the text
The structure of restrictive relative clauses
Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.
先行词
关系代词
从句
定义: 在复合句中起定语作用，修饰名词、代词、整个主句或主句中的一部分的从句。
What is a relative clause
(定语从句)
A relative clause is a subordinate clause which specifies or gives information about a person or thing. 对名词或代词进行修饰限定的从属简单句
Relative clauses come after a noun or pronoun and,
在名词或代词后（先行词）
in English, often begin with a relative pronoun such as "who," "which," "whose," "whom," "that." "when,""where,""why"
从句由关系词（关系代词、关系副词）引导，关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。
A restrictive clause limits or provides essential information about the noun or noun phrase it modifies.
限定性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整
What is a restrictive relative clause
The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great-grandma cannot forget.
The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.
The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.
Mr. Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise.
A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.
Activity 1: perceptual learning
2)Find and underline the restrictive relative clauses in the sentences below.
Translate the sentences into Chinese. Think about which noun is modified by the relative clause.
Activity 2: Studying the rule
Discuss in groups to analyse the sentences and then find out the rules.
讨论关系代词在句子中的使用规律
关系代词
Look at the kites which are flying in the sky.
The pen (which) I’m using is pretty good.
The man who is speaking at the meeting is a novelist.
The woman (whom) they wanted to visit is a teacher.
Who’s the boy that is reading a book
Can you show me the photo (that) you like best
I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.
The house whose windows are closed is mine.
which：指物
作主语或宾语
who：指人，作主语； whom：指人，做宾语
whose：指人或物
做定语
that：指人或物
作主语或宾语
1. Could you still remember the time
when the train left
2. This is the factory where my father
works
3. Do you know the reason why he was
late for school
when the train left
the time
the factory
where my father
works
the reason
why he was
late for school
when
where
why
（指时间，作状语）
（指地点，作状语）
（指原因，作状语）
关系副词
2. 1)Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that the mother cannot forget.
2)There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.
3)As the earth began to shake, a few people that were awake were lucky to survive, but most were asleep and didn’t have time.
4)The rescue workers are the most lovely people that we will never forget.
1. 1) Tangshan earthquake was one of the most catastrophic ones which caused great damage to the whole city.
2) The shocking news which the reporters received this morning made everyone earthbroken.
practice:
3. 1) Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
2) Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.
4. 1)The mother to whom her daughter turned for help felt helpless in the face of the natural disaster.
2) Do you know the man whom we saw helping the survivors in the earthquake-stricken area.
5.1) The earthquake killed over 240,000 people whose homes were in ruins.
2) The buildings whose walls had cracks were no longer safe for people to live in.
① The boy was quickly taken to hospital. His legs were badly hurt.
② We will visit the town. I have heard of its name.
③ The boss had heard about the accident.
Mr King worked in his company.
④ Are there any rooms The windows of the rooms face the sea.
Practice: Combine each pair of sentences by using whose.
The boy whose legs were badly hurt was quickly taken to hospital.
We will visit the town whose name I have heard of.
The boss whose company Mr King worked in had heard about the accident.
Are there any rooms the windows of which face the sea
= Are there any rooms whose windows face the sea
Activity 3: Further Studying
先行词为物，在从句中作主语或宾语时，
只能用that， 不能用which的情况:
1) Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
2) He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.
3) The first English book that I read was "The Prince and the Pauper" by Mark Twain.
4) He talked about the teachers and school that he visited.
5) Who is the person that is standing at the gate
6) He is not the man that he used to be.
1) 不定代词 anything, nothing, much, everything,all, few, any, little为先行词时
2)先行词为 the only, the very, the just
或被这些词修饰时
3)先行词被序数词、数词、形容词的
最高级修饰时
4)先行词既有人又有物时
5)当主句是以who或which开始的
特殊疑问句时
6)关系代词在从句中作表语时
which 和that同为关系代词，都可指物，在这些情况下是只能用which
1) These books, which you can get at any corner of the town will give you all the information.
2) Those days in which you could travel without a passport have gone.
1) 在非限定性定语从句中
2)关系代词前面出现介词时
非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。
指代人时，关系代词既可以用who也可以用that，
这些情况用who而不用that
1）先行词为anyone，one，ones时
2）先行词为those，he时
1）Is he the one who wants to see you
2）God helps those who help themselves.
1. Here are some of the people__________homes were destroyed.
2. The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people___________were asleep.
3. The next day, people put up shelters in the open air using anything_________
they could find.
4. Several days later, most of the buildings____________had been damaged by the huricane were repaired.
Activity 4: Consolidation
1. Complete each sentence with that, which, who, whose, whom,or"/". Then translate the sentences into Chinese.
whose
who/that
that/ /
that/which
这里有一些人，他们的房子被摧毁了。
建筑物的晃动唤醒了沉睡中的人们。
第二天，人们在户外搭建庇护所，用他们能找到的任何东西。
几天后，在飓风中被损坏的建筑物得以修复。
Complete each sentence with that, which, who, whose, whom,or"/". Then translate the sentences into Chinese.
5. The injured boy________ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital.
6. The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by _______ she was rescued.
7. Is this the young boy _______ saved several other students trapped under buildings
whose
whom
who
这个受伤的男孩被送往医院，他的妈妈在这场灾难中失踪了。
这位女子写了一封感谢信给救了她的战士。
这是那个救了好几位受困的学生的男孩吗？
2. Fill in the blanks with that, which, who, whose, or whom.
1. A disaster is a very bad accident or a sudden event ____________ usually causes great damage and can ruin many people's lives.
2. The woman wanted to find and thank the firefighter ___________________ rescued her from the fire.
3. A typhoon is an extremely strong wind _______________ often happens in the Western Pacific Ocean.
4. The children ____________ parents could not be found were looked after by neighbours and friends.
5. A tsunami is a very large wave ___________________ is often caused by an earthquake under the sea.
6. People to ___________ much is given are people of _______________ much will be expected.
which/that
who/that
that/ which
whose
that/ which
whom
whom
3. Use a restrictive relative clause to combine each pair of sentences .
1. The CCTV reporter is interviewing a woman. The woman 's family survived the earthquake. (whose)
2. The soldier will remember the rescue worker. The soldier worked with the rescue worker during the quake. (with whom)
3. The rescue workers had to walk slowly through the bricks. The bricks covered the ground. (that/which)
4. My family will always be thankful for the people. We received aid from the people. (from whom)
5. The people lost everything in the quake. We need to help them prepare for the coming winter. (who)
The CCTV reporter is interviewing a woman whose family survived the earthquake.
The soldier will remember the rescue worker with whom he worked duirng the quake.
The rescue workers had to walk slowly through the bricks that/which covered the ground.
My family will always be thankful for the people from whom we received aid.
We need to help the poeple who have lost everything in the quake prepare for the coming winter.
4. Complete the passage with that, which, who, whose, or prep+whom.
For people ___________ love the sun, summer is a time of fun. But for people ___________ families were destroyed by the super typhoon __________________ hit East China in July 2016, that summer was a time of great sadness. The floods and landslides caused by the typhoon killed 161 people, left 61 missing, and forced the evacuation of hundreds of thousands of people. The victims __________ the typhoon brought death or great loss were in several provinces along the Yangtze River. In the months _______________ passed since then, much has been done to make things better and help thousands of people ____________ homes were destroyed, although the sadness will never leave those ___________ summer now marks the death of a loved one.
who
whose
that/ which
to whom
that/ which
whose
for whom
1) Add more information to the passage by using restrictive relative clauses that answer
the questions in brackets.
Tornadoes are strong winds (What kind of winds are they ). It is not easy to know where they will go, so it can be difficult to warn people (Who should be warned ). In order to learn more about how tornadoes form and move, some brave researchers (What is their job ) do what most of us would not. They chase storms in order to collect more detailed information first hand. Of course, the researchers have special equipment (What kind of equipment ), but they need to get close enough to use it and still keep safe from the danger.
Activity 5: Applying
Tornadoes are strong winds____________
___________ It is not easy to know where they will go, so it can be difficult to warn people ______________________________
_______ In order to learn more about how tornadoes form and move, some brave researchers_________________________
__________________________________
________ do what most of us would not. They chase storms in order to collect more detailed information first hand. Of course, the researchers have special equipment
_______________________________ but they need to get close enough to use it and still keep safe from the danger.
Tornadoes are strong winds (What kind of winds are they ). It is not easy to know where they will go, so it can be difficult to warn people (Who should be warned ). In order to learn more about how tornadoes form and move, some brave researchers (What is their job ) do what most of us would not. They chase storms in order to collect more detailed information first hand. Of course, the researchers have special equipment (What kind of equipment ), but they need to get close enough to use it and still keep safe from the danger.
that can cause
great damage.
who might be in danger/who may be
affected.
whose job is to explore the
causes of tornadoes/whose job is to study
tornadoes
which can record detailed information,
Activity 6: Applying
2) Free Talk:
Work with a partner. Take turns to ask each other about the pictures. Make sentences with the restrictive relative clauses using that, which, who, whose or whom.
Where is the city that …
Who is the woman who/that…
Who is the baby who/that…
Where is the woman who/that is the baby’s mother
Who gives the milk that/which…
For example:
One possible version:
Where is the city that …
The city that was struck by the earthquake is Tangshan.
Who is the woman who/that…
The woman who/that is feeding the baby is a volunteer doctor who has been worked there for more than a week.
Who is the baby who/that…
The baby who/that survived the earthquake is a villager’s child.
Where is the woman who/that is the baby’s mother
The woman who/that is the baby’s mother is badly injured and in the hospital.
Who gave the milk that/which…
A warm-hearted woman gave the milk that/which is
drunk by the baby.
Where is the place that/which…
Who are the soldiers who…
Who are the people whose …
What are the things that/which…
What can this dog that /which… do
…
Activity 6 Homework
1.Write down the sentences with the restrictive relative clauses used to describe picture 2 and 3.
2.Try to find some ways to survive when in an earthquake with the help of a library or the Internet.