Unit 5 Revealing nature 词汇复习课件(共14张PPT)-外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册

(共14张PPT)
词汇复习
Unit 5 Revealing nature
话题：人与自然
A Journey of Discovery
The captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted someone ________ would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”. The person who answered the call was not the captain’s first choice. It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree. What’s more, he had recently received a letter from his father ________ (predict) that he would be “a disgrace ________ yourself and all your family”. Despite all this, his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important ________ (science) discoveries of all time.
who
predicting
to
scientific
The young man in question, Charles Darwin, was a geologist and naturalist, ________ (fascinate) by rocks, plants and animals. He left England on the ship, the Beagle, in 1831. The journey gave him the chance to study various living things in their ________ (nature) environments. After Darwin had spent some time in South America, his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he ________ (collect). As he studied these, he asked himself the question: ________ did different species come to exist
fascinated
natural
had collected
how
At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth ________ the same time, and had not changed since. But Darwin began to think differently. He noticed that some species of animals were very similar to each other. Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their ________ (change) environments It was just an idea, but enough ________ (inspire) Darwin to look for more ________ (evident).
at
changing
to inspire
evidence
When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835, Darwin saw a variety of new species, but it was the birds ________ interested him the most. Darwin noticed that there was a difference between the finches on each of the islands. It seemed their beaks had evolved according to ________ food was available on that particular island.
Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved ________ a common ancestor, which ________ (arrive) on the islands a long time before. Over time, it had slowly evolved ________ many new species. And that was the answer ________ how new species of plants and animals came to exist: they evolved from ________ (early) ancestors.
that
what
from
had arrived
into
to
earlier
It was a ________ (complete) new idea — a theory of ________ (evolve). Darwin explained this theory in his book, On the Origin of Species. It was not published ________ 1859 and immediately caused a storm. Many people refused to believe that living things, including humans, had evolved from ________ (low) forms of life. They were shocked. But Darwin’s scientific studies were so ________ (convince) that more and more people started to believe his theory.
Today, On the Origin of Species is regarded ________ one of the most important works ever ________ (write). It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever. And it all began with the journey on the Beagle.
completely
evolution
until
lower
convincing
as
written
seed n. 种子；某物的起因/根源
distant adj.遥远的, 远处的；久远的；不友好的，冷淡的→distance n.距离;间距；远方;远处 far ，faraway，remote
profit n.利润；赢利；好处；v.获利于；受益于→profitable adj.赢利的；有好处的
4. answer the call响应号召
answer a need满足需求 answer a description与描述相符
answer for对…负责 answer to向……负责，对……作出解释（尤指错事）
5. disgrace n.丢脸，耻辱，v.给……丢脸；给……带来耻辱→
disgraceful adj.可耻的;丢脸的；很差劲的
in disgrace不光彩地 bring disgrace on sb/sth给……蒙羞
be a disgrace 是耻辱，是丢脸的事
6. geologist n.地质学家→geology n.地质学→geological adj.地质(学)的
7. sample n.样本，样品instance；example
8. evolve v.进化；逐渐发展→evolution n.进化（论）;演变→
evolutionary adj.进化的;演变的;逐渐发展的
evolve (sth) (from sth) (into sth)
9. suspect v.猜想，怀疑n.（犯罪）嫌疑人adj.骗人的，有问题的， doubt suspect sb of doing sth.
10. ancestor n.祖先→ancestral adj.祖先的;祖传的
11. generate v.产生→generation n.(统称)一代人→generational adj.一代的
generator n.发电机;电力公司；产生者 generative adj.有生产力的;能生产的;有生殖力的
12. characteristic n.特征;adj.典型的，独特的→characterize v.是…的特征;以…为典型; 描绘→characterless adj.无特色的，平凡的
13. decline v.减少，降低；拒绝(deny ;rebuff ;refuse ;reject );n.衰落，减少
14. blame v.责怪，把……归咎于n.责任;责备;指责→blameless adj.无过错的; 清白的(censure; condemn; rebuke ; reproach )
be to blame (for sth)（对某事）负有责任
blame sb / sth for sth因为某事而责备某人/某事
blame sth on sb/ sth把某事归咎于某人/某物
15. sort out/separate the sheep from the goats区分能手与常人；分清智者和庸人
16. be native to源于……的，原产于……
17.primitive adj.原始的，简陋的；远古的n.原始派画家original ;initial
18. worldwide adv.遍及全世界，在全世界adj. 遍及全世界的
19. giant adj.巨大的n.巨头
huge ;colossal ;enormous ; gigantic ;immense ;vast
20. spine n脊椎；勇气→spiny adj.有刺毛的;带刺的;多刺的
spine-chilling adj.令人毛骨悚然的
The Secret Language of Plants
Talking plants have long been a thing of myths and legends. Many cultures have stories of talking trees that give advice as well as warnings to people. Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to ________ (visit) such a tree in India. And in some modern stories, such as the film Avatar, trees can communicate with animals and people.
With us long ________ (believe) that talking plants are fantasy, new research has revealed something amazing: ________ appears that plants can communicate after all.
have visited
believing
it
It ________ (be) known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. This happens when a plant, say a bean plant, gets attacked by insects. The plant releases tiny amounts of chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call ________ help: “I’m being attacked!” When another bean plant ________ (detect) the chemicals from its ________ (injure) neighbour, it starts to release its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract insects — the wasps! The wasps kill the insects that are eating the bean plants. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow crops ________ pesticides.
has been
for
detects
injured
without
More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. People can’t hear these sounds, but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots. Corn and chilli plants do this. They also “listen” to the noises ________ other plants. A chilli plant can tell if a ________ (neighbour) plant is helpful, or unfriendly. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water, ________ (indicate) drought is arriving.
from
neighbouring
indicating
1. myth n. 神话
2. legend n.传说→legendary adj.非常著名的;传说（中）的
3. detect v.发现，察觉→detection n.侦查;发现→detective n.侦探 →detector n.探测器;侦察器;检测器
4. root n.根；根源，基础v.生根；翻找
root sth up 将（植物）连根拔起/挖起
be rooted in sth起源于某物
root and branch彻底地，永久地
rooted to the spot / floor/ground 呆住不动
5. link v.把…联系起来；连接；n.联系
link up (with sb/sth)（与…）连接，结合；使连接；使结合
6. fungus n.真菌（复数fungi）→ fungal adj.真菌的
7. cybercrime n.网络犯罪cyber-计算机的；因特网的；网络的