外研版选必4 Unit3语篇分析+阅读单（教师版）
外研版选必4 Unit3 Understanding Ideas语篇分析
分析维度 内容项
What：语篇的主题、内容、结构、逻辑关系 一、文章基本信息 文章标题：Welcome to Dunhuang作者： 文章类型：说明文主题/中心思想：文章介绍了敦煌的历史、文化地位及其作为丝绸之路重要节点的意义，重点描述了莫高窟的壁画、雕塑和藏经洞的发现，同时提及敦煌在现代“一带一路”倡议中的复兴。。
二、文本结构与内容分析 整体结构：采用总分结构，先总体介绍敦煌在丝绸之路上的重要地位，接着分别从莫高窟、壁画、藏经洞、历史变迁以及当代发展等方面进行阐述。段落分布：文章分为多个段落，分别介绍敦煌概况、莫高窟、壁画特色、藏经洞发现、历史兴衰以及当代复兴等内容。逻辑关系：因果关系：敦煌的地理位置使其成为丝绸之路的重要节点，因此留下了丰富的文化遗产。并列关系：壁画、雕塑和藏经洞的发现并列展示了敦煌的文化价值。时间顺序：从古代敦煌的繁荣到现代“一带一路”倡议中的复兴。衔接与连贯：1）使用连接词（如“Now”“But”“And”）和指代词（如“these”“this”）使文本连贯。2）通过时间线索（如“over a period of 1,000 years”“in 1900”）和空间线索（如“look up”“move over here”）增强连贯性。段落功能：首段引出敦煌，中间段落分别阐述莫高窟、壁画、藏经洞等，末段过渡到下一个参观地点，各段为展现敦煌全貌服务。
Why：语篇的深层涵义、情感态度、作者意图 三、写作意图与文化背景分析 文化背景：敦煌处于古丝绸之路，是东西方文化和商业交流的中心，受多种文化影响。背景知识的运用：借助丝绸之路的背景，阐述敦煌在文化和商业交流中的作用，如壁画融合多种文化元素，藏经洞文物反映贸易往来。写作意图：向读者介绍敦煌的历史文化、艺术价值和当代意义，唤起对敦煌文化的兴趣和重视。与一些以文化散文形式展现敦煌的文章不同，本文并非着重于情感抒发与文化韵味渲染，而是为不同文化层次的读者提供通俗易懂的敦煌介绍。
四、情感态度与价值取向分析 情感态度：作者对敦煌充满赞叹和欣赏之情，如使用 “world - class”“astonishing”“extraordinary” 等词汇。价值取向：强调敦煌在文化交流、历史传承方面的重要价值，以及对当今国际合作的促进作用。
五、论点与文章有效性分析 论点清晰度与证据支持：论点清晰：敦煌是丝绸之路的重要节点，具有丰富的文化遗产。证据支持充分：通过莫高窟壁画、雕塑和藏经洞的发现等具体例子支持论点。文章有效性与局限性：文章在展示敦煌的文化价值方面表现出较强的说服力，但未深入探讨藏经洞被封存的原因等细节。文章与现实的联系：文章通过“一带一路”倡议将敦煌的历史与现实联系起来，容易引发读者共鸣。
六、逻辑关系与推理分析 显性逻辑关系：采用时间顺序（从古代到当代）和空间顺序（参观不同地点），有因果关系（贸易路线变化导致敦煌兴衰）。隐性推理与假设：从藏经洞文物推测古代敦煌贸易的繁荣和多元文化的交融。
How：语篇的文体特征、语言特点、修辞手法、结构分析 七、语言与文体特征分析 语言特点：语言生动形象，多描述性词汇，如 “boasting”“decorate”“astonishing” 等，有一定文学性。与文化散文相比，本文语言更为直白，更符合导游讲解场景，便于不同文化层次读者理解。词汇特点：包含历史和文化相关术语（如“Silk Road”，“UNESCO-protected heritage”）。句式与句型分析：句式多样，包括短句（如“Look at them!”）和复合句（如“If youlook up, you can see the paintings...”）。使用多种句式，如祈使句 “Welcome to Dunhuang!”“Look at these statues!”，使文章富有感染力。文体特征：属于导游讲解类文体，语言通俗易懂，具有引导性和介绍性。修辞手法：比喻：如“a green island in the middle of the desert”。排比：如“playing musical instruments, dancing and throwing flowers”。反问：如“You can only imagine how travellers felt...”。
八、写作手法分析 写作技巧与表达方式：1）使用细节描写（如壁画的细节）和空间线索（如“look up”“move over here”）增强表现力。2）通过时间线索（从古代到现代）和空间线索（从壁画到藏经洞）组织内容。
九、个人理解与批判性思维 个人理解与反思：文章生动展示了敦煌的文化价值，令人对敦煌产生浓厚兴趣。批判性思维与反思：文章未深入探讨藏经洞被封存的原因，可能存在信息不完整的问题。可以进一步探讨敦煌文化遗产的保护现状及其面临的挑战。
课文语言表达梳理 一、对敦煌地理位置及重要性描述1.“On the old Silk Road, this city was the gateway to and from Ancient China, a place where East met West, and a green island in the middle of the desert.”2. “Dunhuang's long and glorious history represents its significance as a centre of cultural and commercial exchange.”
二、莫高窟及壁画相关1.“Known as the Mogao Grottoes these ancient caves were carved out of the rock over a period of 1,000 years.”2.“The murals cover an astonishing area of 45,000 square metres.”3.“The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary from religious stories to scenes of everyday life.”4.“The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky, with their scarves flying, as if they are about to fly down to meet us.”
三、藏经洞相关1.“In a sealed cave, now known as the famous Library Cave, were hidden thousands of manuscripts paintings and scrolls, as well as silk embroideries.”2.“Thanks to this ancient library, we now know that goods arrived in Dunhuang from as far away as North - east Europe, and that goods were also exported from Dunhuang across Asia and Europe.”
四、敦煌历史兴衰及当代发展1.“In the Ming Dynasty, trade routes changed and Dunhuang was not as prosperous as it used to be.”2.“This century is bringing the Silk Road to life once more through the Belt and Road Initiative. Dunhuang has once again become a global crossroads since it hosted hundreds of representatives from over 51 countries for the Silk Road International Cultural Expo in 2017.”
文章结构梳理 Article Analysis: Welcome to Dunhuang !
1. Main IdeaThe article, presented in the tone of a tour guide, comprehensively introduces Dunhuang's historical status, unique cultural landscapes (such as the Mogao Grottoes and murals), important historical discoveries (the Library Cave), its rise and fall process, and its rejuvenation under the contemporary "Belt and Road Initiative". It aims to showcase the significance of Dunhuang as a center of cultural and commercial exchanges on the ancient Silk Road and to arouse readers' strong interest in Dunhuang culture.
2. Paragraph Summaries and FunctionsParagraph 1Summary: Introduce Dunhuang and its location on the ancient Silk Road.Function: Sets the stage, grabbing readers' attention and laying the groundwork for what follows.Paragraph 2Summary:Details Dunhuang's history and current tourist status, focusing on the Mogao Grottoes.Function: Builds on the intro, providing historical and present - day details to make Dunhuang more vivid.Paragraph 3Summary: Introduces Dunhuang mural themes, emphasizing the Apsaras murals.Function: Deepens the cultural exploration, enriching readers' knowledge of Dunhuang's art and past culture.Paragraph 4Summary: Deepens the cultural exploration, enriching readers' knowledge of Dunhuang's art and past culture.Function: Adds a historical discovery element, enhancing understanding of Dunhuang's trade role and arousing curiosity.Paragraph 5Summary: Explains Dunhuang's decline in the Ming Dynasty due to trade - route changes.Function: Presents a historical turning - point, creating a contrast for the later revival part.Paragraph 6Summary: Elaborates on Dunhuang's revival under the "Belt and Road Initiative".Function: Brings the story to the present, highlighting Dunhuang's modern - day significance and continuity.Paragraph 7Summary: Transitions to the next cave visit.Function: Maintains the narrative flow, leaving readers with anticipation for more.
3. Key Details from Each ParagraphParagraph 1Dunhuang is located on the ancient Silk Road.It was the gateway to and from Ancient China and a place where the East met the West.Situated in the desert, it is an oasis, allowing people to imagine the feelings of travelers when they first saw the oasis.Paragraph 2Dunhuang is a world - class tourist destination.The Mogao Grottoes, which has over 700 caves, were carved out of the rock over a period of 1,000 years.The paintings and other artworks in the caves can prove that the Silk Road connected the East and the West.There are statues with elements from Ancient Greece, India, and Iran.The murals cover an astonishing area of 45,000 square metres.Paragraph 3The themes of Dunhuang murals cover religious stories and scenes of everyday life.The Apsaras murals are a unique type of mural in Dunhuang, depicting heavenly musicians, singers, and dancers.In the Apsaras murals, the Apsaras are shown flying in the bright blue sky with their scarves fluttering.The painting of Apsaras reached a peak during the Tang Dynasty, full of life, reflecting the confidence and optimism of people at that time.Paragraph 4In 1900, a Taoist priest discovered the famous Library Cave.There are thousands of manuscripts, paintings, scrolls, and silk embroideries hidden in the cave.The treasures date from 405 AD to 1002 AD.They can help us understand Dunhuang when it was at the center of the Silk Road trade.They record the types of goods imported and exported, such as ceramics, medicine, perfumes, and fruit.They reveal how many different communities lived side - by - side in this great city.The reason why the Library Cave was sealed up remains a mystery.Paragraph 5In the Ming Dynasty, the trade routes changed.Dunhuang was no longer prosperous and gradually faded from memory.Paragraph 6The Belt and Road Initiative has revived the Silk Road in this century.Dunhuang hosted the Silk Road International Cultural Expo in 2017.Hundreds of representatives from over 51 countries participated.The theme of the expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation among the countries along the Silk Road.Dunhuang was the ideal place to hold the expo.Paragraph 7It prompts to move on to the next cave for a visit.
Reading Comprehension Worksheet（教师版）
Welcome to Dunhuang
I. Understanding and Main Idea Extraction（What文章理解与主旨提取）
1.
A. Please summarize the main content of the article in no more than 80 words.
Answer: Dunhuang on the old Silk Road was a key cultural and commercial exchange center. It has the Mogao Grottoes with rich art. The Library Cave was found in 1900. It declined in the Ming Dynasty but revived under the Belt and Road Initiative.
B. Complete the following mind - map to summarize the article. Then, write a text summary based on your mind - map, ensuring it is no more than 80 words.
Location: On the old Silk Road
Significance: (1)______ center
Key Attractions: (2)______ Grottoes
Important Discovery: (3)______ Cave in 1900
Historical Phases: Declined in Ming Dynasty, Revived under (4)______
Answer:
(1) Cultural and commercial exchange
(2) Mogao
(3) Library
(4) Belt and Road
Summary: Dunhuang on the old Silk Road was a cultural and commercial hub. It has the Mogao Grottoes, and the Library Cave was found in 1900. After declining in Ming, it revived under the Belt and Road Initiative.
目的： 考查学生对文章整体内容的概括和提炼能力，要求学生用简洁的语言总结出文章的核心要点
阅读技能目标：
培养学生的总结概括能力，让学生学会从文章中提取关键信息，忽略次要细节，提高信息整合和表达能力。
2.
A. Read the following story fragments about Dunhuang and fill in the blanks with the given events (A. The construction of the Mogao Caves began; B. The Library Cave was discovered; C. Dunhuang declined in the Ming Dynasty; D. The Silk Road International Cultural Expo was held) in the order of their occurrence.
Dunhuang, this ancient and mysterious city, has a long history. A long time ago, ( ), the construction of the Mogao Caves started the glorious chapter of its art. As time went by, in the Ming Dynasty, ( ), the once - prosperous Dunhuang gradually lost its former luster. However, the wheel of history did not stop turning. In 1900, ( ), this discovery shocked the world and made people have a deeper understanding of Dunhuang's culture. In contemporary times, with the promotion of the Belt and Road Initiative, ( ), Dunhuang has once again become an important stage for international cultural exchanges and glows with new vitality.
Answer: A; C; B; D
B. Arrange these Dunhuang events in chronological order:
The construction of the Mogao Caves began.
The Library Cave was discovered.
Dunhuang declined in Ming Dynasty.
The Silk Road International Cultural Expo was held.
Answer: ACBD
目的： 培养学生的历史时间观念和逻辑梳理能力，使学生能够根据文本信息清晰呈现历史事件的先后顺序，加深对历史发展脉络的理解。
阅读技能目标：
培养学生的历史时间观念和逻辑梳理能力，使学生能够根据文本信息清晰呈现历史事件的先后顺序，加深对历史发展脉络的理解。
3.
A. What was Dunhuang's key position on the ancient Silk Road
Answer: Dunhuang was the gateway to and from Ancient China on the old Silk Road, a place where East met West, and a center of cultural and commercial exchange. Goods from as far away as North - east Europe arrived there, and goods were also exported from there across Asia and Europe.
B. Fill in the blanks to describe Dunhuang’s key position.
Dunhuang was the 1)______ to and from Ancient China on the old Silk Road. It was a place where 2)______ met 3). Moreover, it served as a 4) of cultural and commercial exchange. Goods from distant regions like 5)______ reached Dunhuang, and local products were exported from there across 6)______ and 7)______.
Answer: gateway; East; West; center; North - east Europe; Asia; Europe
目的： 考查学生对敦煌在古代丝绸之路重要地位的理解，要求学生从文章分散信息中归纳总结出相关内容，形成对敦煌地位的完整认知。
阅读技能目标：
培养学生整合分散信息、归纳概括复杂概念的能力，引导学生从多方面信息中提炼出关键内容，构建对特定主题的系统认识。
4.
A. What are the themes of the Dunhuang murals
Answer: The themes vary from religious stories to scenes of everyday life, and also include the unique Apsaras.
B. Match the following descriptions with the correct themes of the Dunhuang murals.
Column A: Column B:
1. Scenes depicting the daily activities of ancient people. A. Apsaras.
2. Images of mythical celestial beings with unique charm. B. Religious stories.
3. Stories and teachings from religious beliefs. C. Scenes of everyday life.
Answer: 1— C 2— A 3— B
目的： 考查学生对敦煌壁画主题这一细节内容的梳理与掌握，检验学生能否全面准确地提炼出文章中提及的壁画主题。
阅读技能目标：
训练学生对文章中具体描述性信息的分类与提取能力，提升学生对文化艺术相关内容的理解、归纳与总结能力。
II. Emotional and Deeper Meaning Analysis（Why情感与深层意义分析）
1.
A. Find at least two words from the article that can reflect the author's emotional attitude towards Dunhuang culture, and describe what kind of emotion the author has towards Dunhuang culture.
Answer: Words like “long and glorious history” and “astonishing” can reflect the author's emotions. The author shows admiration and pride for Dunhuang culture.
B. Complete the following paragraph with words from the article that show the author's attitude. Then, briefly explain how these words change the tone of the paragraph.
"Dunhuang is a place with a(n) ____ past. Its murals cover a(n) ____ area. These aspects make Dunhuang a truly remarkable place. "
Answer: glorious; astonishing. The word "glorious" adds admiration for Dunhuang's past achievements to the paragraph, highlighting its once - glorious status. The word "astonishing" emphasizes the unexpectedly large area of the murals, making readers better feel the shock of Dunhuang's cultural heritage and changing the tone of the paragraph from plain to amazed and appreciative.
C. Complete the following chart. Find the sentences in the article that reflect the author's emotions and analyze the emotions they express.
体现情感的语句 表达的情感
对敦煌悠久历史和重要地位的赞美与肯定
对敦煌壁画规模的惊叹与赞赏
Answer:
体现情感的语句 表达的情感
“Dunhuang's long and glorious history represents its significance as a centre of cultural and commercial exchange.” 对敦煌悠久历史和重要地位的赞美与肯定
“The murals cover an astonishing area of 45,000 square metres.” 对敦煌壁画规模的惊叹与赞赏
目的： 从简单的词句查找入手，引导学生初步感知作者情感，为深入分析做铺垫，培养学生从文本词汇中捕捉情感线索的能力。
阅读技能目标：
培养学生从文本词汇中捕捉情感线索的基本能力，让学生学会通过作者使用的特定词汇或句子来体会其对描述对象的情感态度，初步感知文章的情感基调。
2.
A. After reading the article, choose the values conveyed by the article from the following options, and then answer what we can do to protect Dunhuang culture.
A. Protect the environment.
B. Cultural inheritance.
C. Honesty and trustworthiness.
D. Cultural exchange and cooperation.
Values conveyed by the article (multiple choices are available): ______
Actions to protect Dunhuang culture: ______
Answer: Values conveyed by the article (multiple choices are available): B, D
Actions to protect Dunhuang culture: Read books introducing Dunhuang culture at home; Discuss the interesting aspects of Dunhuang culture with classmates.
B. What values does the article convey What specific actions can we take in our daily lives to protect historical and cultural heritages like Dunhuang culture
Answer: The article conveys the values of cultural inheritance and exchange and cooperation. In daily life, we can visit museums and cultural relic sites to learn about Dunhuang culture. We can also learn relevant knowledge and publicize Dunhuang culture to people around us. Additionally, we can participate in cultural protection volunteer activities to contribute to the protection of Dunhuang culture. (Answers may vary as long as they are reasonable.)
目的： 通过模拟宣传情境，增强学生的文化传播意识和对敦煌文化的认同感，提升学生的语言表达和跨文化交流能力，考查学生对敦煌文化价值的理解和运用英语表达的能力。
阅读技能目标：
提升学生的语言表达和文化传播能力，让学生能够运用所学知识，用英语清晰、准确地向他人介绍敦煌文化的价值，增强文化认同感，培养跨文化传播意识和语言运用能力。
III. Structural Analysis and Creative Output（How结构分析与创造性输出）
1.
A. Which of the following statements about the stylistic features of this article is correct （ ）
A. It mainly expresses emotions, showing the love for Dunhuang.
B. It introduces Dunhuang by telling stories.
C. It objectively introduces the relevant information of Dunhuang by using a lot of facts and data.
D. It mainly describes the scenery to show the beauty of Dunhuang.
Answer: C
目的： 以选择题形式，帮助学生初步判断文章文体特征，引导学生关注文章的写作方式和特点，形成对文章文体的基本认知。
阅读技能目标：
培养学生对文章文体特征的初步判断能力，让学生学会区分不同文体的特点，能够根据文章内容和表达方式判断其所属文体。
B. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with appropriate content according to the stylistic features of the passage.
When introducing Dunhuang, this passage uses a lot of ______ and ______, such as "there are more than 700 caves" and "the murals cover an area of 45,000 square metres". It introduces the history, cultural heritage and other relevant information of Dunhuang in a ______ (subjective / objective) way. So this passage belongs to ______ (stylistic type).
Answer: facts; data; objective; expository writing.
2.
A. What is the main content of Paragraph 4 of the article （ ）
A. The decline of Dunhuang.
B. The discovery and value of the Library Cave.
C. The trade situation on the Silk Road.
D. The cultural art of the Tang Dynasty.
Answer: B
目的： 以选择题形式，引导学生初步理解段落主要内容，为分析段落功能做准备，培养学生提取段落关键信息的能力。
阅读技能目标：
培养学生对段落主要内容的判断能力，让学生学会快速准确地提炼段落中的关键信息，把握段落核心要点。
B.Read Paragraph 4 of the article. Rearrange the following sentences that describe the content of this paragraph in the correct order according to the paragraph's narrative logic, and summarize the main content of the paragraph.
A. The cultural relics in the Library Cave can help us understand Dunhuang's situation in the Silk Road trade.
B. In 1900, a Taoist priest made a significant discovery and found the Library Cave.
C. The reason why the Library Cave was sealed still remains a mystery.
D. There are a large number of manuscripts, paintings, scrolls, and silk embroideries in the Library Cave.
Order: ______
Main content of the paragraph: ______
Answer: B, D, A, C
Main content of the paragraph: In 1900, a Taoist priest discovered the Library Cave. There were a large number of cultural relics in the cave. These relics can help us understand Dunhuang's situation in the Silk Road trade. However, the reason why the Library Cave was sealed is still unknown. So, this paragraph mainly focuses on the discovery and value of the Library Cave.
C. Read Paragraph 4 of the plete the following blanks and answer the question.
In 1900, ______ discovered the Library Cave. The cultural relics in the Library Cave date back from 405 AD to 1002 AD. These relics can help us understand Dunhuang's situation in the Silk Road trade. For example, the sources of goods include ______, and the export destinations include ______.
Question: Please briefly summarize the main content of this paragraph.
Answer: a Taoist priest; Northeast Europe; across Asia and Europe
main content: This paragraph mainly tells that in 1900, a Taoist priest discovered the Library Cave. The cultural relics in the cave are of great value for studying Dunhuang's situation in the Silk Road trade. It also mentions that the reason why the Library Cave was sealed is unknown.
3.
A. Read the article and choose an option from the following sentencesto connect the two parts , which are about the art of the Mogao Caves and the discovery of the Library Cave
Answer: C
B. Find a transitional sentence in the article and analyze how it connects the previous and following paragraphs.
Answer: The transitional sentence is “Now, something really extraordinary happened in 1900”. The previous part of the article mainly introduced the murals, statues and other cultural heritages in the Mogao Caves. This transitional sentence uses “Now” to smoothly shift the topic from the introduction of the Mogao Caves' art to the discovery of the Library Cave in 1900. It makes the content transition natural and the logic more coherent, enabling readers to follow the article's train of thought easily.
C. Suppose you are the author. What transitional sentence would you add to connect the two parts of the article, which are about the art of the Mogao Caves and the discovery of the Library Cave Then compare it with the transitional sentence in the original article and explain the advantages of the original one.
Answer: Example of the added transitional sentence: "After introducing the amazing art of the Mogao Caves, let's turn our attention to a significant event that took place in 1900."
Comparison and analysis: The original transitional sentence "Now, something really extraordinary happened in 1900" is more concise. It directly uses "Now" to introduce the following content, leading to the new topic simply without too much foreshadowing, making the rhythm of the article tight. In contrast, the added transitional sentence is relatively wordy and less concise. The original sentence doesn't deliberately emphasize "after introducing the art of the Mogao Caves", but through "something really extraordinary", it cleverly echoes the extraordinary art of the Mogao Caves mentioned before, and naturally leads to the new content. It is more natural and smooth in connecting the context.
目的： 在选择题基础上，要求学生自主查找过渡句并深入分析其作用，提升分析能力，培养学生对过渡句的识别和分析能力。
阅读技能目标：
提升学生识别和深入分析过渡句的能力，让学生学会找出过渡句并理解其在文章中的衔接作用，清晰阐述过渡句如何使文章内容连贯、逻辑紧密，提升对文章连贯性和逻辑性的感知能力。
IV. Critical Thinking and Application（批判性思维与实践运用）
1.
Some people think that protecting Dunhuang culture only requires protecting the caves and cultural relics. Do you agree with this view Please elaborate your reasons based on the article content and your own thinking.
Answer: I don't agree. Although protecting the caves and cultural relics is an important part of Dunhuang culture protection, Dunhuang culture also includes intangible cultural connotations such as historical stories, cultural traditions, and artistic styles behind them. Only protecting the caves and cultural relics cannot fully inherit and promote Dunhuang culture. For example, the religious culture and social life reflected in the Dunhuang murals need to be spread through research, education, cultural activities, etc., so that more people can understand and truly realize the protection and inheritance of Dunhuang culture. (Answers may vary as long as they are reasonable.)
目的： 引导学生对敦煌文化保护的观点进行深入思考，培养学生独立思考和批判性分析问题的能力，鼓励学生形成自己的见解并进行阐述。
阅读技能目标：
培养学生独立思考和批判性思维能力，让学生能够对文章涉及的文化现象进行深入分析，从不同角度思考问题，形成自己的观点并合理阐述，提升对复杂问题的分析和论证能力。
2.
Suppose you are a publicity ambassador for Dunhuang culture. What would you say to introduce the value of Dunhuang culture to foreign friends (Please express in English with no less than 5 sentences.)
Answer: Dear friends, Dunhuang is a city full of historical and cultural charm. It was a crucial hub on the ancient Silk Road, where the cultures of the East and the West converged. The Mogao Caves are a remarkable art treasury, with magnificent murals and statues that not only showcase the outstanding skills of our ancestors but also mirror the cultural exchanges along the Silk Road. The discovery of the Library Cave has provided us with precious information about the past. Dunhuang culture is not only a part of China but also a valuable heritage of the world. We should all work together to protect and promote it.
目的： 通过模拟宣传情境，增强学生的文化传播意识和对敦煌文化的认同感，提升学生的语言表达和跨文化交流能力，考查学生对敦煌文化价值的理解和运用英语表达的能力。
阅读技能目标：
提升学生的语言表达和文化传播能力，让学生能够运用所学知识，用英语清晰、准确地向他人介绍敦煌文化的价值，增强文化认同感，培养跨文化传播意识和语言运用能力。
V. 词块积累及应用
1. 绘制思维导图：
中心词：Dunhuang
分支 1：Core Features of Dunhuang (e.g., the Ancient Silk Road, cultural exchange, commercial exchange, world - class tourist destination, oasis in the desert)
分支 2：Historical Development Process (e.g., history, rise and fall, the Ming Dynasty (decline), the Belt and Road Initiative, revival, Silk Road International Cultural Expo)
分支 3：Components of Cultural Heritage (e.g., the Mogao Grottoes, murals, statues, the Library Cave, manuscripts, paintings, silk embroideries, Apsaras)
分支 4：Artistic Style Elements (e.g.,religious stories, daily life scenes, the image of Apsaras, the artistic peak of the Tang Dynasty)
分支 5：Trade - related (e.g.,trade on the Silk Road, imported and exported goods, changes in trade routes)
分支 6：Cultural Protection and Reflection (e.g.,the protection of Dunhuang culture, cultural inheritance, commercial development, cultural value)
A. 对敦煌地理位置及重要性描述
1. “On the old Silk Road, this city was the gateway to and from Ancient China, a place where East met West, and a green island in the middle of the desert.”
2. “Dunhuang's long and glorious history represents its significance as a centre of cultural and commercial exchange.”
B. 莫高窟及壁画相关
1.“Known as the Mogao Grottoes these ancient caves were carved out of the rock over a period of 1,000 years.”
2.“The murals cover an astonishing area of 45,000 square metres.”
3.“The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary from religious stories to scenes of everyday life.”
4.“The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky, with their scarves flying, as if they are about to fly down to meet us.”
C. 藏经洞相关
1.“In a sealed cave, now known as the famous Library Cave, were hidden thousands of manuscripts paintings and scrolls, as well as silk embroideries.”
2.“Thanks to this ancient library, we now know that goods arrived in Dunhuang from as far away as North - east Europe, and that goods were also exported from Dunhuang across Asia and Europe.”
D. 敦煌历史兴衰及当代发展
1.“In the Ming Dynasty, trade routes changed and Dunhuang was not as prosperous as it used to be.”
2.“This century is bringing the Silk Road to life once more through the Belt and Road Initiative. Dunhuang has once again become a global crossroads since it hosted hundreds of representatives from over 51 countries for the Silk Road International Cultural Expo in 2017.”
2. 迁移应用：
A. 假设你要向刚转来的外国同学介绍敦煌，请用给定词汇和句型写两句话。
词汇：Dunhuang、Mogao Grottoes、Apsaras
句型：I know that...；...is famous for...
示例句：
I know that Dunhuang is a city on the old Silk Road. Dunhuang is famous for the Mogao Grottoes.
目标： 让学生运用基础词汇和句型简单介绍敦煌，增强文化认知与基础语言表达能力
B. 模拟对话：学校组织了一场关于文化传承的演讲比赛，请根据给定词汇和句型，围绕敦煌文化写一段话，不少于 50 字。
词汇：heritage、cultural exchange、revive
句型：Thanks to...；...plays an important role in...
示例句：
Thanks to the Belt and Road Initiative, Dunhuang is reviving. Its cultural heritage plays an important role in promoting cultural exchange between different countries.
目标： 促使学生运用稍复杂词汇和句型阐述敦煌文化价值及发展，加深文化理解并提升段落写作能力外研版选必4 Unit3阅读单（学生版）
Reading Comprehension Worksheet（学生版）
XB 4 Unit 3 Understanding Ideas: Welcome to Dunhuang
I. Understanding and Main Idea Extraction（What文章理解与主旨提取）
1.
A. Please summarize the main content of the article in no more than 80 words.
B. Complete the following mind - map to summarize the article. Then, write a text summary based on your mind - map, ensuring it is no more than 80 words.
Location: On the old Silk Road
Significance: (1)______ center
Key Attractions: (2)______ Grottoes
Important Discovery: (3)______ Cave in 1900
Historical Phases: Declined in Ming Dynasty, Revived under (4)______
2.
A. Read the following story fragments about Dunhuang and fill in the blanks with the given events (A. The construction of the Mogao Caves began; B. The Library Cave was discovered; C. Dunhuang declined in the Ming Dynasty; D. The Silk Road International Cultural Expo was held) in the order of their occurrence.
Dunhuang, this ancient and mysterious city, has a long history. A long time ago, ( ), the construction of the Mogao Caves started the glorious chapter of its art. As time went by, in the Ming Dynasty, ( ), the once - prosperous Dunhuang gradually lost its former luster. However, the wheel of history did not stop turning. In 1900, ( ), this discovery shocked the world and made people have a deeper understanding of Dunhuang's culture. In contemporary times, with the promotion of the Belt and Road Initiative, ( ), Dunhuang has once again become an important stage for international cultural exchanges and glows with new vitality.
B. Arrange these Dunhuang events in chronological order:
The construction of the Mogao Caves began.
The Library Cave was discovered.
Dunhuang declined in Ming Dynasty.
The Silk Road International Cultural Expo was held.
3.
A. What was Dunhuang's key position on the ancient Silk Road
B. Fill in the blanks to describe Dunhuang’s key position.
Dunhuang was the 1)______ to and from Ancient China on the old Silk Road. It was a place where 2)______ met 3). Moreover, it served as a 4) of cultural and commercial exchange. Goods from distant regions like 5)______ reached Dunhuang, and local products were exported from there across 6)______ and 7)______.
4.
A. What are the themes of the Dunhuang murals
B. Match the following descriptions with the correct themes of the Dunhuang murals.
Column A: Column B:
1. Scenes depicting the daily activities of ancient people. A. Apsaras.
2. Images of mythical celestial beings with unique charm. B. Religious stories.
3. Stories and teachings from religious beliefs. C. Scenes of everyday life.
II. Emotional and Deeper Meaning Analysis（Why情感与深层意义分析）
1.
A. Find at least two words from the article that can reflect the author's emotional attitude towards Dunhuang culture, and describe what kind of emotion the author has towards Dunhuang culture.
B. Complete the following paragraph with words from the article that show the author's attitude. Then, briefly explain how these words change the tone of the paragraph.
"Dunhuang is a place with a(n) ____ past. Its murals cover a(n) ____ area. These aspects make Dunhuang a truly remarkable place. "
C. Complete the following chart. Find the sentences in the article that reflect the author's emotions and analyze the emotions they express.
体现情感的语句 表达的情感
对敦煌悠久历史和重要地位的赞美与肯定
对敦煌壁画规模的惊叹与赞赏
2.
A. After reading the article, choose the values conveyed by the article from the following options, and then answer what we can do to protect Dunhuang culture.
A. Protect the environment.
B. Cultural inheritance.
C. Honesty and trustworthiness.
D. Cultural exchange and cooperation.
Values conveyed by the article (multiple choices are available): ______
Actions to protect Dunhuang culture: ______
B. What values does the article convey What specific actions can we take in our daily lives to protect historical and cultural heritages like Dunhuang culture
III. Structural Analysis and Creative Output（How结构分析与创造性输出）
1.
A. Which of the following statements about the stylistic features of this article is correct （ ）
A. It mainly expresses emotions, showing the love for Dunhuang.
B. It introduces Dunhuang by telling stories.
C. It objectively introduces the relevant information of Dunhuang by using a lot of facts and data.
D. It mainly describes the scenery to show the beauty of Dunhuang.
B. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with appropriate content according to the stylistic features of the passage.
When introducing Dunhuang, this passage uses a lot of ______ and ______, such as "there are more than 700 caves" and "the murals cover an area of 45,000 square metres". It introduces the history, cultural heritage and other relevant information of Dunhuang in a ______ (subjective / objective) way. So this passage belongs to ______ (stylistic type).
2.
A. What is the main content of Paragraph 4 of the article （ ）
A. The decline of Dunhuang.
B. The discovery and value of the Library Cave.
C. The trade situation on the Silk Road.
D. The cultural art of the Tang Dynasty.
B. Read Paragraph 4 of the article. Rearrange the following sentences that describe the content of this paragraph in the correct order according to the paragraph's narrative logic, and summarize the main content of the paragraph.
A. The cultural relics in the Library Cave can help us understand Dunhuang's situation in the Silk Road trade.
B. In 1900, a Taoist priest made a significant discovery and found the Library Cave.
C. The reason why the Library Cave was sealed still remains a mystery.
D. There are a large number of manuscripts, paintings, scrolls, and silk embroideries in the Library Cave.
Order: ______
Main content of the paragraph: ______
C. Read Paragraph 4 of the plete the following blanks and answer the question.
In 1900, ______ discovered the Library Cave. The cultural relics in the Library Cave date back from 405 AD to 1002 AD. These relics can help us understand Dunhuang's situation in the Silk Road trade. For example, the sources of goods include ______, and the export destinations include ______.
Question: Please briefly summarize the main content of this paragraph.
3.
A. Read the article and choose an option from the following sentencesto connect the two parts , which are about the art of the Mogao Caves and the discovery of the Library Cave
B. Find a transitional sentence in the article and analyze how it connects the previous and following paragraphs.
C. Suppose you are the author. What transitional sentence would you add to connect the two parts of the article, which are about the art of the Mogao Caves and the discovery of the Library Cave Then compare it with the transitional sentence in the original article and explain the advantages of the original one.
IV. Critical Thinking and Application（批判性思维与实践运用）
1.
Some people think that protecting Dunhuang culture only requires protecting the caves and cultural relics. Do you agree with this view Please elaborate your reasons based on the article content and your own thinking.
2.
Suppose you are a publicity ambassador for Dunhuang culture. What would you say to introduce the value of Dunhuang culture to foreign friends (Please express in English with no less than 5 sentences.)
V. 词块积累及应用
1. 绘制思维导图：
中心词：Dunhuang
分支 1：Core Features of Dunhuang (e.g., the Ancient Silk Road, cultural exchange, commercial exchange, world - class tourist destination, oasis in the desert)
分支 2：Historical Development Process (e.g., history, rise and fall, the Ming Dynasty (decline), the Belt and Road Initiative, revival, Silk Road International Cultural Expo)
分支 3：Components of Cultural Heritage (e.g., the Mogao Grottoes, murals, statues, the Library Cave, manuscripts, paintings, silk embroideries, Apsaras)
分支 4：Artistic Style Elements (e.g.,religious stories, daily life scenes, the image of Apsaras, the artistic peak of the Tang Dynasty)
分支 5：Trade - related (e.g.,trade on the Silk Road, imported and exported goods, changes in trade routes)
分支 6：Cultural Protection and Reflection (e.g.,the protection of Dunhuang culture, cultural inheritance, commercial development, cultural value)
A. 对敦煌地理位置及重要性描述
B. 莫高窟及壁画相关
C. 藏经洞相关
D. 敦煌历史兴衰及当代发展
2. 迁移应用：
A. 假设你要向刚转来的外国同学介绍敦煌，请用给定词汇和句型写两句话。
词汇：Dunhuang、Mogao Grottoes、Apsaras
句型：I know that...；...is famous for...
B. 模拟对话：学校组织了一场关于文化传承的演讲比赛，请根据给定词汇和句型，围绕敦煌文化写一段话，不少于 50 字。
词汇：heritage、cultural exchange、revive
句型：Thanks to...；...plays an important role in...
