第3讲 命题突破——词义猜测题
【练真题】
[文章大意] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名写作课老师,通过教学实践逐渐认识到学生写作动力的来源及写作的真正意义。
1.D 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well.”(去年,在我九年级的写作课上,我结识了一位拯救了自己小镇的牛仔、一位要求儿子门门功课全得A的严厉父亲,还有一位现代版的朱丽叶——她在父母拒绝其年少挚爱后心碎而逝。不止一次,我暗自琢磨,这些塑造了这些人物的学生,究竟是如何如此深谙他们笔下的角色的。)可知,这里提到的牛仔、严厉的父亲和现代版的朱丽叶都是学生在写作中创造出来的虚构人物。故选D。
2.D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important.”(大多数文章篇幅不足一页,很少有包含可被视为论点陈述的句子。我感到震惊。随后我意识到问题就是题目本身。他们本可以就电脑的必要性写下数页内容,但写作本身确实没让他们觉得重要。)可推知,学生们在写第一篇作文时表现不佳,是因为他们对这个话题本身不感兴趣。故选D。
3.B 词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中画线词下文“The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.”可推知,此处指学生们写出了内容丰富、打动人心的故事,与之前的表现形成强烈对比。画线词staggering意为“令人惊叹的,惊人的”,与amazing (惊人的)语义一致。故选B。
4.A 推理判断题。通读全文,再根据文章最后一段中“I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance—the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human.”(我走进教室时坚信写作作为一种交流方式至关重要。然而,学生们向我展示了更为重要的东西。当六月最后一节课的下课铃响起时,我带着一本满是留言的年鉴离开——这些留言诉说着写作最强大的意义:它能连接人与人,让我们换位思考,教会我们身为人类的真谛。)可知,文章通过作者的教学经历,说明其在教导学生的同时,自己也领悟到写作的真正意义,这一过程体现了“教学相长”的理念。选项A“Teaching is learning.”(教学相长。)符合文中描述的作者通过教学获得了新认识。故选A。
【真题典例】
A
[文章大意] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型的园艺设计方法——矩阵式种植法,该方法强调通过模仿自然的方式来减少人工干预,使园艺变得更自然且具有环保和美学价值。
1.B 词义猜测题。第一段中“…to garden more like nature does.”描述了一种更自然的花园状态,而画线词后“…fertilizers(化肥) and power tools…”明显是指人工干预。由此可推知,画线词意为“避免”或“远离”,避免人工的干预才会让花园更原生态。因此,B选项“Keeping away from.”是正确的。应选B项。
2.D 细节理解题。第二段中“The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War Ⅱ in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.”说明,矩阵式种植的概念是在二战后由德国城市规划者引入的,目的是种植大片低维护成本的绿地。因此,D选项“为了开发易维护的公园绿地。”最符合题意。应选D项。
3.C 推理判断题。根据第三段可知,Piet Oudolf在种植的时候加入了艺术元素,尤其是在色彩和形态上,比如雕塑般形态的奇特种子头让花园美不胜收。因此,C选项“雅致的,有品位的”是对其花园最合适的描述。应选C项。
4.A 主旨大意题。文章首段介绍了矩阵式种植法的理念:减少人工干预,发挥自然的作用;第二、 三段介绍了这种设计方法的起源和发展;第四段聚焦矩阵式种植的原则;最后一段分析了这种设计方法带来的益处。因此,文章旨在介绍一种新型园艺设计方法——矩阵式种植法。标题A结合了“矩阵式种植自然野生”的特点,表现了未来园艺的趋势。因此,A选项“园艺的未来将回归原野”最适合作为文章标题。应选A项。
B
[文章大意] 本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了纸质阅读与数字阅读在理解和记忆方面的优劣,强调了纸质阅读对于深度学习和记忆的重要性。
5.D 词义猜测题。根据第二段前两句“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.”可知,当阅读有几百字或更多字的文本时,纸质阅读比屏幕阅读的学习效果更好。再根据画线短语所在句中“…when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.”可知,当实验人员把任务从易(如识别阅读文章的主旨)到难(需要运用抽象思维,如根据文本进行推断)推进时,纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见(become easy to notice),所以shine through是“显而易见”之意,和D项意思相近。故选D项。
6.A 推理判断题。根据第四段“According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.”可知,它是对“shallowing hypothesis”(浅层阅读假说)的解释说明。根据这一理论,人们对待数字文本的心态与对待社交媒体的心态相当,社交媒体通常不那么严肃,所以与阅读印刷品时相比,人们投入的努力也更少,由此可知,shallowing hypothesis假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态,不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多努力。treat sth lightly意为“轻松地对待某事”, 故选A项。
7.A 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.”可知,音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力,所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。hold one’s attention 是engaging的同义互换,故选A项。
8.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.”可知,尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中都有一定作用,但当需要集中精神和反思以使学习成果最大化时,教育者不应假定所有媒介都是相同的,即使它们包含相同的内容。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代,因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。
【模拟演练】
A
[文章大意] 本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了一项新研究表明分享好消息除了能带来如更亲密的关系和更大的幸福感等好处外,还能带来更多的感恩之情,并介绍了研究过程及分享好消息和对好消息给予热情回应的重要性。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段“Then, six times a day for 10 days, the researchers asked participants to report on how grateful they were in the moment, how recently they’d had a social encounter, whether they’d shared good news with that person, and how close they felt to the person as a result.”和第三段“Afterward, the researchers analysed the results to look for patterns.”可推知,研究人员是通过分析参与者的日常报告来进行研究的。故选A项。
2.D 词义猜测题。根据第四段“For example, you might tell a friend what a great time you had over the holidays, and in recounting what happened, you can reexperience the positive feelings and become even more appreciative.”可知,你可以再次体验积极的感觉,变得更加感激。句中recounting what happened与reexperience the positive feelings有直接关联,即只有先“回忆起”假期的细节,才能在讲述时“再次体验”当时的美好。因此recounting与“回忆起”含义相近。故选D项。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第三段“They found those who shared positive events with others felt more grateful in the moment and closer to the person with whom they shared the news.”以及第五段“Getting an enthusiastic response to your good news is also important, says Gray, because it makes you feel recognized, and cared for in a way that strengthens your relationship, and also leads to gratitude.”可推知,对分享的好消息的积极回应能让人们与他人联系更紧密。故选D项。
4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Though there’s still more research to be done, Gray suggests people not hold back on sharing their good news with others, or on showing enthusiasm when others share good news with them. We all have a role to play in helping positivity spread.”可推知,作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励人们分享好消息。故选B项。
B
[文章大意] 本文是一篇说明文。文章旨在警示微塑料对人体健康的潜在威胁,强调尽管科学证据尚未完全确凿,但现有研究已足够推动社会进行实质性改变,减少塑料污染对人类与环境的长期风险。
5.B 词义猜测题。根据第一段“It’s a disturbing thought: at this very moment, tiny pieces of plastic are flowing through our bodies…”可知,a parade of unwelcome houseguests“一群不受欢迎的在家小住的客人”是对“微小的塑料碎片正渗入我们的身体”的进一步描述,这些微小的塑料碎片是有害的,所以这里指的是有害颗粒侵入身体。故选B项。
6.D 推理判断题。根据第三段“Some of the strongest evidence comes from lab studies using animals as well as what’s already known about the damaging effects of chemicals added to plastics. A review of the data published Wednesday concludes that microplastics are suspected to harm human reproductive, digestive and breathing health, with a possible link to colon and lung cancer.”可知,使用动物的实验室研究提供了一些证据,表明微塑料被怀疑对人类健康有害,可能与结肠癌和肺癌有联系,这意味着它们暗示了可能存在的风险,需要在人类身上进行进一步研究。故选D项。
7.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Susanne Brander, an ecotoxicologist at Oregon State University, says it’s not helpful to ‘trigger a tremendous state of alarm’, but she agrees that we already know enough about the health risks to push for substantive changes, including a global agreement to limit the rising production of plastics.”可知,Susanne Brander认为不需要引起巨大的恐慌,但现有的关于健康风险的数据已经足够推动实质性的改变,包括达成全球协议来限制不断上升的塑料生产。故选C项。
8.A 主旨大意题。根据第一段“It’s a disturbing thought: at this very moment, tiny pieces of plastic are flowing through our bodies, a parade of unwelcome houseguests ready to take up residence in some tissue or organ…The lungs, liver and heart, guts and brain—nothing seems to be spared.”并纵观全文可知,文章开篇指出微小塑料碎片正渗入人体,接着介绍了新的研究表明微塑料已渗透到人体的各个部位,并讲述了对其可能造成的危害的研究和担忧,最后提到应该采取行动。所以文章的主要目的是强调微塑料对健康的风险。故选A项。
【重点词句回顾】
长难句分析:宾语从句第3讲 命题突破——词义猜测题
猜测词义或词义推断可以是对一个单词的意义的推断, 也可以是对一个短语或句子的意义的推断, 既可以考查生词的意义, 也可以考查熟词的新义, 还可以考查替代词所替代的内容。阅读理解题中所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上, 而要根据短文提供的语境, 通过阅读上下文、根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或短语的含义。
[2025·全国一卷,B]
In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well.
But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question:“Why is writing important ” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis(论点)statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. This would have to change.
As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre(体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.
I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance—the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human.
( )1.Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of Paragraph 1
A.Ninth graders.
B.Students’ parents.
C.Modern writers.
D.Fictional characters.
( )2.Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay
A.They were not given enough time.
B.They had a very limited vocabulary.
C.They misunderstood the question.
D.They had little interest in the topic.
( )3.What does the underlined word “staggering” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Mixed. B.Amazing.
C.Similar. D.Disturbing.
( )4.What does the author’s experience show
A.Teaching is learning.
B.Still waters run deep.
C.Knowledge is power.
D.Practice makes perfect.
词义猜测题命题特点
特点 题号 解读
语境依赖性:答案根植于上下文,而非孤立词汇 3 词义猜测题核心命题逻辑是“语境为基、逻辑为桥、推断为要”。文中关键语境为“The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.”。这些细节(主题多样、篇幅长达10—20 页、人物形象深刻)清晰描述了“结果”的积极与出色,与前文学生写第一篇作文时“篇幅不足一页、无论点”的糟糕表现形成强烈对比,从而暗示staggering意为“令人惊叹的”
逻辑关联性:通过语义逻辑(对比、因果、递进)暗示含义 3 前文:学生对“写作为何重要”这一话题不感兴趣,作品质量差[less than one page, few contained…a thesis(论点) statement];后文:学生作品质量大幅提升(diverse topics, characters…touched my heart)。这种“前后表现的巨大反差”直接指向staggering的“令人惊叹的”之意
情感一致性:词义与上下文情感基调保持一致 3 作者对学生后续作品的描述(broadened my view and touched my heart)充满积极评价,因此staggering必然是积极意义的词汇。干扰项中,A项(mixed混杂的)、D项(disturbing令人不安的)均不符合积极基调,C项(similar相似的)与前后文“对比”逻辑矛盾,故可排除
考查 “推断能力” 而非 “词汇记忆” 3 本文中,无需知道staggering的词典释义,仅通过“学生作品从差到优的巨大转变”和 “作者的正面评价”,即可推断其意为“令人惊叹的”
单词/短语猜测——5角度快猜词
1.[2025·浙江1月考,C节选]
A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers(化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.(Para.1)
( )What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean
A.Running out of.
B.Keeping away from.
C.Putting up with.
D.Taking advantage of.
[解析] 词义猜测题。第一段中“…to garden more like nature does.”描述了一种更自然的花园状态,而画线词后“…fertilizers(化肥) and power tools…”明显是指人工干预。由此可推知,画线词意为“避免”或“远离”,避免人工的干预才会让花园更原生态。因此,B选项“Keeping away from.”是正确的。应选B项。
2.[2024·全国甲卷,B节选]
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behaviour up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that’s been present in all kinds of predators(食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it’s been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! (Para.3)
( )Which best explains the phrase “take…up a notch” in Paragraph 3
A.Perform appropriately.
B.Move faster.
C.Act strangely.
D.Do better.
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据第三段画线词组前文“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit…”和后文“Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners.”可知,狗以出色的衔回物品的习性而闻名,但猫可以从外边找到东西带回来,因此猫在这一行为上更上一层楼。短语take…up a notch用来形容猫在带回东西这一行为上做得更好或更出色。故选D项。
代词猜测——就近原则找指代
[2025·全国二卷,B节选]
There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class. She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools. Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,” Ho says. “They think their teachers don’t care about their schoolwork.”(Para.4)
( )What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 4
A.Offering regular lessons.
B.Paying extra attention.
C.Assigning no schoolwork.
D.Showing no sympathy.
[解析] 代词指代题。根据文章第四段“Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. ‘I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,’ Ho says.”可推知,其中的it指的是不给孩子们布置作业这件事。故选C项。
句意猜测——意义吻合推句意
[2018·全国卷Ⅲ,D节选]
Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less. (Para.1)
( )What do the words “more is more” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A.The more, the better.
B.Enough is enough.
C.More money, more worries.
D.Earn more and spend more.
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据文章第一段“Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.”以及“…more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings ”可推知,这里的more is more与前面的be flooded with objects相呼应,故此处指我们为什么会认为对孩子来说物品越多越好呢 故选A。
A [2025·浙江1月考,C]
文体:说明文 主题:人与自然 词数:311
A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers(化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.
The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War Ⅱ in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds.
Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavours to the planting mixes while playing with colour and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads.
It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth.
The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular pared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.
( )1.What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean
A.Running out of.
B.Keeping away from.
C.Putting up with.
D.Taking advantage of.
( )2.Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced
A.To control weeds in large gardens.
B.To bring in foreign species of plants.
C.To conserve soil and water resources.
D.To develop low-maintenance parkland.
( )3.Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf’s gardens
A.Traditional.
B.Odd-looking.
C.Tasteful.
D.Well-protected.
( )4.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A.The future of gardening is wild
B.Nature treats all lives as equals
C.Matrix gardens need more care
D.Old garden plots work wonders
B [2024·新课标Ⅰ卷,C]
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:333
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors,including reduced concentration,an entertainment mindset(心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more,learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis(假说)”.According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
Audio(音频) and video can feel more engaging than text,and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However,psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories,they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.
Digital texts,audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However,for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
( )5.What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in Paragraph 2 mean
A.Seem unlikely to last.
B.Seem hard to explain.
C.Become ready to use.
D.Become easy to notice.
( )6.What does the shallowing hypothesis assume
A.Readers treat digital texts lightly.
B.Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C.People select digital texts randomly.
D.Digital texts are suitable for social media.
( )7.Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers
A.They can hold students’ attention.
B.They are more convenient to prepare.
C.They help develop advanced skills.
D.They are more informative than text.
( )8.What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A.Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B.Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C.Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D.Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
A.派生词
1.reproducible adj.可复制的
2.minimal adj.最小的;极少的
3.biodiversity n.生物多样性
4.multitask v. 同时做多项任务 n.多任务处理
5.identical adj.完全相同的
B.合成词
1.plantsman n.花匠;花卉栽培者
2.four-season adj.四季的
3.odd-looking adj.相貌奇特的;奇形怪状的
4.onscreen adv. 在屏幕上 adj.屏幕上的
C.熟词生义
1.novel (熟义) n.小说→(生义) adj.新颖的(A,Para.1)
2.discourage (熟义) vt. 使泄气;劝阻→(生义) vt.抑制;阻止……生长(A,Para.2)
3.serve (熟义) v.服务→(生义) v.能满足……的需要(A,Para.3)
D.长难句分析
In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. (A,Para.2)
【分析】 这是一个包含多重修饰成分的复合句,整体结构为“主句+目的状语从句+现在分词短语作结果状语+定语从句”。主句为plants with similar cultural needs are grouped;so that引导目的状语从句;现在分词短语forming a cooperative ecosystem…作结果状语;定语从句that conserves water and discourages weeds修饰先行词ecosystem。
【译文】 在矩阵花园中,具有相似栽培需求的植物被归为一组,这样它们就能在地面上下共同生长,形成一个节约用水且抑制杂草生长的协作生态系统。
A [2025·河北石家庄高三三模]
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:322
Have you ever had something good happen to you and felt like shouting it from the rooftops Sharing positive events with others and receiving an enthusiastic response in return has been tied to many good outcomes, including closer relationships and greater happiness. Now, a new study suggests another benefit of sharing the good stuff: more feelings of gratitude.
The researchers started by asking 300 participants how often they tended to share good news, and how other people in their lives generally responded to their good news. Then, six times a day for 10 days, the researchers asked participants to report on how grateful they were in the moment, how recently they’d had a social encounter, whether they’d shared good news with that person, and how close they felt to the person as a result.
Afterward, the researchers analysed the results to look for patterns. They found those who shared positive events with others felt more grateful in the moment and closer to the person with whom they shared the news. In addition, people with a tendency to share good news and receive enthusiastic responses were the most grateful in the group, overall.
Sharing good news calls attention to the good things happening in your life, says Alexandra Gray, study coauthor of Northeastern University. For example, you might tell a friend what a great time you had over the holidays, and in recounting what happened, you can reexperience the positive feelings and become even more appreciative.
Getting an enthusiastic response to your good news is also important, says Gray, because it makes you feel recognized, and cared for in a way that strengthens your relationship, and also leads to gratitude.
Though there’s still more research to be done, Gray suggests people not hold back on sharing their good news with others, or on showing enthusiasm when others share good news with them. We all have a role to play in helping positivity spread.
( )1.How did the researchers conduct the study
A.By analysing participants’ daily reports.
B.By observing participants’ social encounters.
C.By studying participants’ attitudes to sharing.
D.By tracking participants’ interactive behaviour.
( )2.What does the underlined word “recounting” probably mean in Paragraph 4
A.Repeating. B.Analysing.
C.Inquiring. D.Recalling.
( )3.What can we infer about positive responses to shared good news
A.They boost the sharer’s self-awareness.
B.They serve to confirm the listener’s opinions.
C.They are more influential if given by friends.
D.They make people more connected with others.
( )4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A.To discuss the key to strong friendships.
B.To encourage people to share good news.
C.To compare ways people react to good news.
D.To analyse how gratitude improves happiness.
B [2025·江西重点中学协作体高三第二次联考]
文体:说明文 主题:人与自然 词数:354
It’s a disturbing thought: at this very moment, tiny pieces of plastic are flowing through our bodies, a parade of unwelcome houseguests ready to take up residence in some tissue or organ. A wave of new studies has come out recently, and each one seems to paint an ever more vivid picture of how microplastics—and their smaller counterparts, nanoplastics—have infiltrated (渗入) the deepest corners of our body. The lungs, liver and heart, guts and brain—nothing seems to be spared.
The outpouring of research has brought enormous visibility to how these fragments (碎片) infiltrate our daily lives. Long studied in oceans, waterways and marine life, researchers have now shifted focus to human health. A decade ago, Heather Leslie could scarcely find anyone to fund her work in this area. “It seemed like nobody wanted to touch it,” says Leslie, a microplastics researcher in the Netherlands whose team was the first to detect these particles in the human bloodstream several years ago.
As the work has made progress, so have questions about the damage microplastics could be doing inside of us. Researchers tend to be cautious about making pronouncements because the field is still in a “pioneering phase”, as Leslie put it. And yet there are undoubtedly concerns. Some of the strongest evidence comes from lab studies using animals as well as what’s already known about the damaging effects of chemicals added to plastics. A review of the data published Wednesday concludes that microplastics are suspected to harm human reproductive, digestive and breathing health, with a possible link to colon and lung cancer.
“This is a signal that we should be acting now,” says Tracey Woodruff, a senior author on the study who directs the Programme on Reproductive Health & the Environment at the University of California, San Francisco. Susanne Brander, an ecotoxicologist at Oregon State University, says it’s not helpful to “trigger a tremendous state of alarm”, but she agrees that we already know enough about the health risks to push for substantive changes, including a global agreement to limit the rising production of plastics.
( )5.What does the underlined phrase “a parade of unwelcome houseguests” in Paragraph 1 imply
A.Beneficial substances entering the body.
B.Harmful particles invading the body.
C.Organized movement against plastics.
D.Medical treatment for plastics.
( )6.What do lab studies using animals suggest
A.They go against previous findings about plastic additives.
B.They prove the safety of microplastics in controlled conditions.
C.They offer direct evidence of microplastics’ harm to humans.
D.They indicate possible risks needing further study in humans.
( )7.Which best shows Susanne Brander’s attitude
A.Immediate action isn’t needed without definite evidence.
B.Global cooperation is important but needs more research.
C.Current data is enough to support policy changes.
D.The public should be alarmed to drive quick solutions.
( )8.What is the main idea of the passage
A.To emphasize the health risks of microplastics.
B.To put forward solutions for reducing microplastics.
C.To introduce Heather Leslie’s research on microplastics.
D.To compare microplastics and nanoplastics.
A.派生词
1.coauthor n.合著者
2.reexperience v. 再次体验
3.appreciative adj.感激的
4.strengthen v.加强
5.reproductive adj.生殖的,繁殖的
B.合成词
1.rooftop n.屋顶
2.houseguest n.在家小住的客人
3.outpouring n.涌现
4.bloodstream n.血流,体内循环的血液
C.熟词生义
1.spare (熟义) v. 抽出(时间)→(生义) v.使幸免;使不受影响(B,Para.1)
2.touch (熟义) v. 触摸;接触→(生义) v. 涉足;处理(B,Para.2)
D.长难句分析
A review of the data published Wednesday concludes that microplastics are suspected to harm human reproductive, digestive and breathing health, with a possible link to colon and lung cancer. (B, Para.3)
【分析】 这是一个包含宾语从句和伴随状语的复合句。句子主干A review of the data published Wednesday concludes that…是“主、谓、宾”结构,过去分词短语published Wednesday作the data的后置定语;that引导 ,从句谓语是are suspected to harm,从句宾语由三个并列名词短语human reproductive, digestive and breathing health充当,with a possible link to colon and lung cancer作伴随状语。
【译文】 对周三发表的数据的审查得出结论:微塑料被怀疑会损害人类的生殖、消化和呼吸健康,且可能与结肠癌和肺癌有关联。训练(四) “词义猜测题”重点练
A [2025·山东德州高三三模]
文体:记叙文 主题:人与社会 词数:335
In this fast-paced world, quiet moments are often spent staring at a phone screen. For those suffering from the inability to switch off and reconnect with themselves, Deborah Alma, a poet, may have just what the doctor ordered. She founded the Poetry Pharmacy, which aims to ease worry with words, allowing visitors to book poetry consultations for personalized advice or pick up a quick fix off the shelves.
Deborah has long used poetry as a tool for good. After graduating with a degree in creative writing, she worked with dementia (痴呆) patients in a nursing home, reading and composing poems for them. One day, while doing her routine work, she spotted an old ambulance, which kick-started an idea—she could bring poetry to more people in need. Thus, the Emergency Poet was born, witnessing Deborah travelling the country to offer guidance.
In 2019, Deborah transitioned from her mobile practice to a fixed location in Shropshire. Despite the initial feedback that her idea was unrealistic—investors doubted the business model, potential customers were hesitant to embrace the unconventional concept of poetry as therapy (疗法), and even local authorities were unsure how to categorize and regulate such a unique establishment, Deborah stood her ground. She kept offering one-on-one poetry consultations herself, thoughtfully picking out and recommending poems that matched each visitor’s specific emotional state. She also put effort into making the shop feel homely and welcoming, and carefully selected poetry books on display. The Poetry Pharmacy has gone from strength to strength, being awarded Regional Independent Bookshop of the Year in 2024, managing to convince people of its value.
Deborah is certain that the practice of the Poetry Pharmacy will grow more popular with time. She may be right: in early 2025, the American Medical Association agreed to include poems and related interpretations in their publication, based on studies showing that poetry can comfort patients and healthcare providers. Deborah said, “The next chapter is bound to be a good one!”
( )1.What does the underlined part “what the doctor ordered” refer to
A.Pills for physical health.
B.Alternative mental health care.
C.Regulations on screen exposure.
D.Detection of Internet addiction.
( )2.What inspired Deborah to be an “Emergency Poet”
A.Her resolution to cure dementia patients.
B.Her wish to expand medical application.
C.Her eagerness to repurpose an ambulance.
D.Her desire to let poetry reach out to more patients.
( )3.Why did people doubt the bookstore when it opened up
A.Its business model seemed outdated.
B.Its potential benefits were overstated.
C.Its value wasn’t fully recognized by the public.
D.Its security was questioned by the local government.
( )4.Why does the author mention the American Medical Association
A.To prove Deborah’s point.
B.To emphasize its importance.
C.To advocate poetry writing.
D.To commercialize the bookstore.
B [2025·江苏南通高三模拟]
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:330
The concept of health traditionally emphasizes physical and mental well-being, often overlooking a crucial aspect: social health. This term, though not yet mainstream, refers to the quality and quantity of our relationships, which are as vital as physical and mental health. Consider Maya, a woman who, despite diligently prioritizing exercise, nutrition, and therapy, struggled with stress, sleeplessness, and lack of motivation. Her story highlights a common oversight: taking no care of social health can weaken other health efforts.
Maya’s situation is not unique. Millions globally experience long-term isolation (孤独), leading to feelings of loneliness and a lack of support. This disconnection not only causes stress but also weakens immune systems, increasing the risk of stroke, heart disease, diabetes, dementia, depression, and premature death. Social health, therefore, is integral to longevity and overall well-being.
To be socially healthy means developing close relationships with family, friends, and partners, as well as engaging regularly with coworkers and neighbours. One can adopt the 5-3-1 guideline: interact with five different people weekly, strengthen at least three close relationships, and spend one hour daily on meaningful connections.
Maya put this into practice by scheduling regular hangouts with a new local friend that she made, by attending community events and dropping cards off in her neighbours’ mailboxes, and by planning trips to see family and inviting friends in other cities to come. And improving her social health made more of a difference than focusing simply on her physical and mental health ever could.
By prioritizing social health, individuals like Maya can experience transformative improvements. However, the responsibility extends beyond personal actions. Educators should incorporate it into school curricula, cities should be designed to encourage social interaction, and social health should become as ingrained in our collective consciousness as mental health is today. Ultimately, making relationships a priority enriches not only our own lives but also the lives of those around us, creating a culture where social health is deeply woven into the fabric of society.
( )5.Why is Maya’s story mentioned in the first paragraph
A.To explain the concept of social health.
B.To criticize people’s misconception of health.
C.To show the consequence of overlooking social health.
D.To distinguish between physical and mental well-being.
( )6.What does the underlined word “integral” in the second paragraph probably mean
A.Essential. B.Optional.
C.Secondary. D.Unrelated.
( )7.What is the 5-3-1 guideline aimed to achieve
A.An efficient distribution of one’s time.
B.An enhancement in job performance.
C.A sense of belonging within a community.
D.A wide circle of careers and employment.
( )8.What does the author say about prioritizing social health
A.It is beyond reach.
B.It demands joint efforts.
C.It outweighs mental health care.
D.It is the responsibility of educators.
C [2025·湖南长沙高三二模]
文体:议论文 主题:人与社会 词数:341
Recently, I observed how socio-cultural forces can restrict personal choices, as some people fear rejection from their communities if they act differently. Social cohesion (融合) is woven into the fabric of our lives, so in closely integrated communities, that would mean losing everything.
Making choices that differ from those of most people around us is definitely a risky strategy to take. Anything that distracts us from the safety and comfort brought by the sense of belonging shakes us to our very core. We are a complex social species, and there are social rules that create stability. We, like other social species, will move towards an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS), a behavioural strategy in a population that, once established, cannot easily be replaced by alternative strategies because it provides a high level of stability and success. We often make decisions by unconsciously reviewing what people around us are doing, and then do the same thing. Being different is uncomfortable.
However, there are always individuals who bring innovation. Think about the first macaque monkey on an isolated island that walked into the water carrying a sweet potato and washed it in the ocean. Over time, other monkeys in its group adopted this behaviour, which became a part of their culture and has even been passed down through generations. This kind of new approach requires courage, creativity, a strong will, and the willingness to be rejected. Innovation can solve a problem in a new way, create a social and cultural impact felt by later generations, or result in the grandest love you might ever encounter.
Life is scary, and life is uncertain. It’s natural to try to hold on to what we know to feel secure. But someone recently said to me, “If all you know extends only the length of your nose, you don’t know very much at all.” True understanding requires looking beyond personal experiences or surroundings to gain a more complete view of the world. Not being able to choose freely or be different holds back everyone’s progress.
( )9.What does “that” underlined in Paragraph 1 refer to
A.Weakening one’s bonds with the community.
B.Relying on the protection of one’s community.
C.Taking a different path within one’s community.
D.Being frightened by the rejection from their communities.
( )10.What is the effect of being different from others
A.It causes discomfort.
B.It increases creativity.
C.It strengthens social bonds.
D.It improves decision-making skills.
( )11.Why does the author mention the macaque monkey
A.To show that monkeys have complex social rules.
B.To explain the motivation behind monkey evolution.
C.To highlight the importance of community support.
D.To demonstrate the power of individual innovation.
( )12.What is the main argument of the text
A.Creativity ensures community stability.
B.Being different may encourage progress.
C.Success comes from facing the fear of rejection.
D.Humans and monkeys share similar social structures.
A.词汇积累
1.inability n.无能;无力;不能
2.personalized adj.个性化的;定制的
3.for good永久地;彻底地
4.kick-start n.& vt.启动;推动;发起
5.unconventional adj.非传统的;非常规的
6.stand one’s ground坚守立场
7.overlook v. 忽视
8.weaken v.(使)变弱;削弱
9.consciousness n. 意识
10.unconsciously adv. 无意识地
B.熟词生义
1.…allowing visitors to book poetry consultations
for personalized advice or pick up a quick fix off the shelves.(阅读A)
fix (熟义) vt.修理;固定;安装→(生义) n.(尤指暂时的)解决方法
【译文】 ……允许访客预约诗歌咨询以获取个性化建议,或从书架上挑选 “快速解药”。
2.She kept offering one-on-one poetry consultations herself, thoughtfully picking out and recommending poems that matched each visitor’s specific emotional state. (阅读A)
match(熟义)n.比赛;火柴;相配的人(或物)→(生义)v. 配对;相配
【译文】 她坚持亲自提供一对一的诗歌咨询服务,会贴心地挑选并推荐与每位来访者特定情绪状态相符的诗歌。训练(四)
A
[文章大意] 本文是一篇记叙文,主要介绍了诗人Deborah Alma创办的诗歌药房,它通过诗歌为人们提供心理健康支持,以及这一创意从诞生到逐渐被认可的过程。
1.B 句意猜测题。根据第一段中“In this fast-paced world, quiet moments are often spent staring at a phone screen. For those suffering from the inability to switch off and reconnect with themselves, Deborah Alma, a poet, may have just what the doctor ordered.”可知,Deborah Alma为那些无法关机、无法与自己重新建立联系的人提供帮助,即医生所建议的东西,再结合下文她创办的诗歌药房,通过诗歌为人们提供心理健康支持可知,画线部分指的是替代性的心理健康护理。故选B项。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中“One day, while doing her routine work, she spotted an old ambulance, which kick-started an idea—she could bring poetry to more people in need. Thus, the Emergency Poet was born, witnessing Deborah travelling the country to offer guidance.”可知,Deborah看到一辆旧救护车,激发了她想把诗歌带给更多需要的人的想法,所以她成了“急诊诗人”。故选D项。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Despite the initial feedback that her idea was unrealistic—investors doubted the business model, potential customers were hesitant to embrace the unconventional concept of poetry as therapy (疗法), and even local authorities were unsure how to categorize and regulate such a unique establishment, Deborah stood her ground.”可知,人们怀疑是因为它的价值没有得到公众的充分认可。故选C项。
4.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Deborah is certain that the practice of the Poetry Pharmacy will grow more popular with time. She may be right: in early 2025, the American Medical Association agreed to include poems and related interpretations in their publication, based on studies showing that poetry can comfort patients and healthcare providers.”可知,作者提到美国医学协会是为了证明Deborah的观点,即诗歌可以作为疗法来安慰病人和医护人员,随着时间的推移,诗歌药房的做法会越来越受欢迎。故选A项。
B
[文章大意] 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过Maya的案例揭示社交健康对整体健康的关键作用,提出5-3-1准则改善人际关系,并呼吁个人与社会共同重视社交健康,将其融入文化意识。
5.C 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Consider Maya, a woman who, despite diligently prioritizing exercise, nutrition, and therapy, struggled with stress, sleeplessness, and lack of motivation. Her story highlights a common oversight: taking no care of social health can weaken other health efforts.”可知,Maya虽然注重身体和心理健康,却因忽视社交健康而持续受到各种困扰。因此,作者用Maya的故事是为了揭示忽视社交健康的负面影响。故选C项。
6.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词的上文“This disconnection not only causes stress but also weakens immune systems, increasing the risk of stroke, heart disease, diabetes, dementia, depression, and premature death.”可知,人际隔离会引发疾病并缩短寿命,因此社交健康对长寿和整体健康是必不可少的,画线词意为“必需的,必不可少的”,与essential意思接近。故选A项。
7.C 推理判断题。根据第三段中“One can adopt the 5-3-1 guideline: interact with five different people weekly, strengthen at least three close relationships, and spend one hour daily on meaningful connections.”可知,5-3-1法则所要求的行动直接促进社会关系的质量与数量,因此其目的是通过社交互动培养社群归属感。故选C项。
8.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, the responsibility extends beyond personal actions. Educators should incorporate it into school curricula, cities should be designed to encourage social interaction, and social health should become as ingrained in our collective consciousness as mental health is today.”可知,提升社交健康需个人行动、教育系统改革、城市规划等多方努力。由此可知,作者主张社交健康需要社会集体参与推动。故选B项。
C
[文章大意] 这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了社会文化力量对个人选择的影响,以及与众不同可能带来进步。
9.C 词义猜测题。根据第一段“Recently, I observed how socio-cultural forces can restrict personal choices, as some people fear rejection from their communities if they act differently. Social cohesion (融合) is woven into the fabric of our lives, so in closely integrated communities, that would mean losing everything.”(最近,我观察到社会文化力量如何限制个人选择,因为有些人担心如果他们的行为与众不同,会被社区拒绝。社会凝聚力融入了我们生活的结构中,所以在紧密融合的社区中,那意味着失去一切。)可知,that指的是前一句中的“if they act differently”,即做出与他人不同的选择,也就是“在社区内走不同的道路”。故选C。
10.A 细节理解题。根据第二段“We often make decisions by unconsciously reviewing what people around us are doing, and then do the same thing. Being different is uncomfortable.”(我们经常通过无意识地观察周围的人在做什么来做决定,然后做同样的事情。与众不同会让人不舒服。)可知,与他人不同会让人感到不舒服。故选A。
11.D 推理判断题。根据第三段“However, there are always individuals who bring innovation. Think about the first macaque monkey on an isolated island that walked into the water carrying a sweet potato and washed it in the ocean. Over time, other monkeys in its group adopted this behaviour, which became a part of their culture and has even been passed down through generations.”(然而,总有个体会带来创新。想想孤岛上第一只猕猴,它带着红薯走进水里,在海洋里洗红薯。随着时间的推移,它群体中的其他猴子也采用了这种行为,这成为它们文化的一部分,甚至代代相传。)可知,作者提到猕猴是为了展示个体创新的力量,即一只猕猴的创新行为最终被整个群体采纳并传承下来。故选D。
12.B 主旨大意题。文章开头提到社会文化力量限制个人选择,人们害怕因不同而被拒绝,接着阐述了人们倾向于采取与周围人相同的行为以获得安全感和舒适感。第三段通过猕猴的例子强调了个体创新的重要性,最后一段指出不能自由选择或与众不同会阻碍每个人的进步,综合来看,文章的主要论点是与众不同可能会促进进步。故选B。(共88张PPT)
第3讲 命题突破——词义猜测题
猜测词义或词义推断可以是对一个单词的意义的推断, 也可以是
对一个短语或句子的意义的推断, 既可以考查生词的意义, 也可以考
查熟词的新义, 还可以考查替代词所替代的内容。阅读理解题中所考
查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上, 而要根据短文提供的语境,
通过阅读上下文、根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或短
语的含义。
[2025·全国一卷，B]
In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy
who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn
straight A's, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak
after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than
once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who'd
created these people, knew their subjects so well.
But things were different for their first essay, which was
about the question:“Why is writing important ” Most of the
essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence
that could be interpreted as a thesis(论点)statement. I was
shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question
itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of
computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn't strike them
as important. This would have to change.
As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a
persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This
time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the
next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a
creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet
the specifications of its genre(体裁) and that it contain a thesis.
The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics
and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that
broadened my view and touched my heart.
I walked into class believing that writing is important as a
means of communication. However, my students demonstrated
something more important to me. When the final bell rang in
June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about
writing's most powerful significance—the ability to connect
people, to put us in another's skin, to teach us what it means
to be human.
［文章大意］本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名写
作课老师，通过教学实践逐渐认识到学生写作动力的来源及写作的
真正意义。
( )1.Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of
Paragraph 1
A.Ninth graders. B.Students' parents.
C.Modern writers. D.Fictional characters.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“In my ninth-grade writing
class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict
father who demanded his son earn straight A's, and a modern-
day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the
love of her young life. More than once, I found myself
√
wondering just how my students, who'd created these people,
knew their subjects so well.”(去年，在我九年级的写作课上，我结
识了一位拯救了自己小镇的牛仔、一位要求儿子门门功课全得A的严
厉父亲，还有一位现代版的朱丽叶——她在父母拒绝其年少挚爱后
心碎而逝。不止一次，我暗自琢磨，这些塑造了这些人物的学生，
究竟是如何如此深谙他们笔下的角色的。)可知，这里提到的牛仔、
严厉的父亲和现代版的朱丽叶都是学生在写作中创造出来的虚构人
物。故选D。
( )2.Why did the students perform poorly in writing their
first essay
A.They were not given enough time.
B.They had a very limited vocabulary.
C.They misunderstood the question.
D.They had little interest in the topic.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“Most of the essays filled
less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could
be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked.
√
Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They
could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but
writing, in and of itself, simply didn't strike them as important.”
(大多数文章篇幅不足一页，很少有包含可被视为论点陈述的句子。
我感到震惊。随后我意识到问题就是题目本身。他们本可以就电脑
的必要性写下数页内容，但写作本身确实没让他们觉得重要。)可推
知，学生们在写第一篇作文时表现不佳，是因为他们对这个话题本
身不感兴趣。故选D。
( )3.What does the underlined word “staggering” in
Paragraph 3 mean
A.Mixed. B.Amazing. C.Similar. D.Disturbing.
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中画线词下文“The students
took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages
each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my
heart.”可推知，此处指学生们写出了内容丰富、打动人心的故事，
与之前的表现形成强烈对比。画线词staggering意为“令人惊叹的，
惊人的”，与amazing (惊人的)语义一致。故选B。
√
( )4.What does the author's experience show
A.Teaching is learning. B.Still waters run deep.
C.Knowledge is power. D.Practice makes perfect.
[解析] 推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章最后一段中“I walked
into class believing that writing is important as a means of
communication. However, my students demonstrated something
more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I
walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing's
most powerful significance—the ability to connect people, to put
√
us in another's skin, to teach us what it means to be human.”
(我走进教室时坚信写作作为一种交流方式至关重要。然而，学生们
向我展示了更为重要的东西。当六月最后一节课的下课铃响起时，
我带着一本满是留言的年鉴离开——这些留言诉说着写作最强大的
意义：它能连接人与人，让我们换位思考，教会我们身为人类的真
谛。)可知，文章通过作者的教学经历，说明其在教导学生的同时，
自己也领悟到写作的真正意义，这一过程体现了“教学相长”的理念。
选项A“Teaching is learning.”(教学相长。)符合文中描述的作者通过
教学获得了新认识。故选A。
词义猜测题命题特点
特点 题号 解读
语境依赖 性：答案根 植于上下 文，而非孤 立词汇 3 词义猜测题核心命题逻辑是“语境为基、逻辑为桥、
推断为要”。文中关键语境为“The students took
on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to
20 pages each, with characters that broadened
my view and touched my heart.”。这些细节
(主题多样、篇幅长达10—20 页、人物形象深刻)清
晰描述了“结果”的积极与出色，与前文学生写第一
篇作文时“篇幅不足一页、无论点”的糟糕表现形成
强烈对比，从而暗示staggering意为“令人惊叹的”
特点 题号 解读
逻辑关联性： 通过语义逻辑 (对比、因果、 递进)暗示含义 3 前文：学生对“写作为何重要”这一话题不感兴
趣，作品质量差［less than one page, few
contained…a thesis(论点) statement］；后
文：学生作品质量大幅提升(diverse topics,
characters…touched my heart)。这种“前后表
现的巨大反差”直接指向staggering的“令人惊叹
的”之意
续表
特点 题号 解读
情感一致性： 词义与上下文 情感基调保持 一致 3 作者对学生后续作品的描述(broadened my
view and touched my heart)充满积极评价，
因此staggering必然是积极意义的词汇。干扰
项中，A项(mixed混杂的)、D项(disturbing令人
不安的)均不符合积极基调，C项(similar相似的)
与前后文“对比”逻辑矛盾，故可排除
考查 “推断能 力” 而非 “词汇 记忆” 3 本文中，无需知道staggering的词典释义，仅
通过“学生作品从差到优的巨大转变”和 “作者
的正面评价”，即可推断其意为“令人惊叹的”
续表
单词/短语猜测——5角度快猜词
1.[2025·浙江1月考，C节选]
A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in
popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this
approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting
in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing
fertilizers(化肥) and power tools, it's based on an elegantly
simple principle: to garden more like nature does.(Para.1)
( )What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first
paragraph mean
A.Running out of. B.Keeping away from.
C.Putting up with. D.Taking advantage of.
[解析] 词义猜测题。第一段中“…to garden more like nature does.”
描述了一种更自然的花园状态,而画线词后“…fertilizers(化肥) and
power tools…”明显是指人工干预。由此可推知,画线词意为“避免”或
“远离”,避免人工的干预才会让花园更原生态。因此,B选项“Keeping
away from.”是正确的。应选B项。
√
2.[2024·全国甲卷,B节选]
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats
take this behaviour up a notch. Many cats will find random
objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very
old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators(食肉动物).
Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These
adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in
their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with
it! (Para.3)
( )Which best explains the phrase “take…up a notch” in
Paragraph 3
A.Perform appropriately. B.Move faster.
C.Act strangely. D.Do better.
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据第三段画线词组前文“Dogs are known for
their impressive fetching habit…”和后文“Many cats will find
random objects outside and bring them to their owners.”可知,狗
以出色的衔回物品的习性而闻名,但猫可以从外边找到东西带回来,因
此猫在这一行为上更上一层楼。短语take…up a notch用来形容猫在
带回东西这一行为上做得更好或更出色。故选D项。
√
代词猜测——就近原则找指代
[2025·全国二卷，B节选]
There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho's class.
She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons
and tests being used at their home schools. Some teachers
don't give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy
instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,” Ho says. “They
think their teachers don't care about their schoolwork.”(Para.4)
( )What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph
4
A.Offering regular lessons. B.Paying extra attention.
C.Assigning no schoolwork. D.Showing no sympathy.
[解析] 代词指代题。根据文章第四段“Some teachers don't give
the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. ‘I feel
like it is a disservice to the kids,’ Ho says.”可推知,其中的it指的是
不给孩子们布置作业这件事。故选C项。
√
句意猜测——意义吻合推句意
[2018·全国卷Ⅲ,D节选]
Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with
objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it
comes to kids and their belongings The good news is that I
can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more
with less. (Para.1)
( )What do the words “more is more” in Paragraph 1 probably
mean
A.The more, the better.
B.Enough is enough.
C.More money, more worries.
D.Earn more and spend more.
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据文章第一段“Adults understand what it
feels like to be flooded with objects.”以及“…more is more when
it comes to kids and their belongings ”可推知,这里的more is
more与前面的be flooded with objects相呼应,故此处指我们为什么
会认为对孩子来说物品越多越好呢 故选A。
√
A [2025·浙江1月考，C]
文体:说明文 主题:人与自然 词数:311
A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in
popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this
approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting
in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing
fertilizers(化肥) and power tools, it's based on an elegantly
simple principle: to garden more like nature does.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
The concept was born when German city planners sought
to plant large areas of parkland after World War Ⅱ in a
reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.
Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly
(模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs
are grouped so that they will grow together above and below
ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water
and discourages weeds.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf's gardens
popularized this style, adding artistic flavours to the planting
mixes while playing with colour and form, including four-season
interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Beautiful year-round,
they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of
grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed
heads.
It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix
gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
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needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant,
right place,” they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun
and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their
patterns of growth.
The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet.
With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden's ecology
can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need
the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular
pared to traditional garden plots, they increase
carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat
and biodiversity significantly.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
［文章大意］本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型的园艺设计
方法——矩阵式种植法，该方法强调通过模仿自然的方式来减少人
工干预，使园艺变得更自然且具有环保和美学价值。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
( )1.What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the
first paragraph mean
A.Running out of. B.Keeping away from.
C.Putting up with. D.Taking advantage of.
[解析] 词义猜测题。第一段中“…to garden more like nature does.”
描述了一种更自然的花园状态，而画线词后“…fertilizers(化肥) and
power tools…”明显是指人工干预。由此可推知，画线词意为“避免”
或“远离”，避免人工的干预才会让花园更原生态。因此，B选项
“Keeping away from.”是正确的。应选B项。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
( )2.Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced
A.To control weeds in large gardens.
B.To bring in foreign species of plants.
C.To conserve soil and water resources.
D.To develop low-maintenance parkland.
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
[解析] 细节理解题。第二段中“The concept was born when
German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland
after World War Ⅱ in a reproducible way that would need
minimal maintenance.”说明，矩阵式种植的概念是在二战后由德国
城市规划者引入的，目的是种植大片低维护成本的绿地。因此，D选
项“为了开发易维护的公园绿地。”最符合题意。应选D项。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
( )3.Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf's
gardens
A.Traditional. B.Odd-looking.
C.Tasteful. D.Well-protected.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，Piet Oudolf在种植的时候加
入了艺术元素，尤其是在色彩和形态上，比如雕塑般形态的奇特种
子头让花园美不胜收。因此，C选项“雅致的，有品位的”是对其花园
最合适的描述。应选C项。
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
( )4.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the
text
A.The future of gardening is wild
B.Nature treats all lives as equals
C.Matrix gardens need more care
D.Old garden plots work wonders
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
[解析] 主旨大意题。文章首段介绍了矩阵式种植法的理念：减少人
工干预，发挥自然的作用；第二、 三段介绍了这种设计方法的起源
和发展；第四段聚焦矩阵式种植的原则；最后一段分析了这种设计
方法带来的益处。因此，文章旨在介绍一种新型园艺设计方法——
矩阵式种植法。标题A结合了“矩阵式种植自然野生”的特点，表现了
未来园艺的趋势。因此，A选项“园艺的未来将回归原野”最适合作为
文章标题。应选A项。
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
B [2024·新课标Ⅰ卷,C]
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:333
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text
onscreen or on paper And are listening to and viewing content
as effective as reading the written word when covering the
same material The answers to both questions are often “no”.
The reasons relate to a variety of factors,including reduced
concentration,an entertainment mindset(心态) and a tendency to
multitask while consuming digital content.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
When reading texts of several hundred words or
more,learning is generally more successful when it's on paper
than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.
The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when
experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying
the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require
mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are
partly related to paper's physical properties. With paper, there is
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
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2
3
4
5
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a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of
distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they've
read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the
page.
But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading
researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing
hypothesis(假说)”.According to this theory, people approach
digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are
often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when
they are reading print.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
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5
6
7
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Audio(音频) and video can feel more engaging than
text,and so university teachers increasingly turn to these
technologies—say, assigning an online talk instead of an article
by the same person. However,psychologists have demonstrated
that when adults read news stories,they remember more of the
content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.
Digital texts,audio and video all have educational roles,
especially when providing resources not available in print.
However,for maximizing learning where mental focus and
reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media
are the same, even when they contain identical words.
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2
3
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5
6
7
8
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［文章大意］本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了纸质阅读与数字阅读
在理解和记忆方面的优劣，强调了纸质阅读对于深度学习和记忆的
重要性。
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( )5.What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in
Paragraph 2 mean
A.Seem unlikely to last. B.Seem hard to explain.
C.Become ready to use. D.Become easy to notice.
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据第二段前两句“When reading texts of
several hundred words or more, learning is generally more
successful when it's on paper than onscreen. A large amount of
research confirms this finding.”可知，当阅读有几百字或更多字的
文本时，纸质阅读比屏幕阅读的学习效果更好。再根据画线短语所
√
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在句中“…when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—
like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones
that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from
a text.”可知，当实验人员把任务从易(如识别阅读文章的主旨)到难
(需要运用抽象思维，如根据文本进行推断)推进时，纸质阅读的益处
就变得显而易见(become easy to notice)，所以shine through是“显
而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。
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( )6.What does the shallowing hypothesis assume
A.Readers treat digital texts lightly.
B.Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C.People select digital texts randomly.
D.Digital texts are suitable for social media.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第四段“According to this theory, people
approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media,
which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort
than when they are reading print.”可知，它是对“shallowing
√
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hypothesis”(浅层阅读假说)的解释说明。根据这一理论，人们对待数
字文本的心态与对待社交媒体的心态相当，社交媒体通常不那么严
肃，所以与阅读印刷品时相比，人们投入的努力也更少，由此可知，
shallowing hypothesis假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的
心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多努力。treat sth lightly意
为“轻松地对待某事”， 故选A项。
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( )7.Why are audio and video increasingly used by university
teachers
A.They can hold students' attention.
B.They are more convenient to prepare.
C.They help develop advanced skills.
D.They are more informative than text.
√
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[解析] 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Audio (音频) and video
can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers
increasingly turn to these technologies—say, assigning an online
talk instead of an article by the same person.”可知，音频和视频
比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些
技术。hold one's attention 是engaging的同义互换，故选A项。
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( )8.What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A.Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B.Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C.Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D.Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audio and video
all have educational roles, especially when providing resources
not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where
mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't
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assume all media are the same, even when they contain
identical words.”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中都有一
定作用，但当需要集中精神和反思以使学习成果最大化时，教育者
不应假定所有媒介都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的内容。这表明
作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文
本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。
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重点词句回顾
A.派生词
1.reproducible adj.可复制的
2.minimal adj.最小的；极少的
3.biodiversity n.生物多样性
4.multitask v.同时做多项任务 n.多任务处理
5.identical adj.完全相同的
B.合成词
1.plantsman n.花匠;花卉栽培者
2.four-season adj.四季的
3.odd-looking adj.相貌奇特的;奇形怪状的
4.onscreen adv.在屏幕上 adj.屏幕上的
C.熟词生义
1.novel (熟义) n.小说→(生义) adj.新颖的(A，Para.1)
2.discourage (熟义) vt. 使泄气；劝阻→(生义) vt.抑制；阻止……生
长(A，Para.2)
3.serve (熟义) v.服务→(生义) v.能满足……的需要(A，Para.3)
D.长难句分析
In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are
grouped so that they will grow together above and below
ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water
and discourages weeds. (A，Para.2)
【分析】这是一个包含多重修饰成分的复合句，整体结构为“主句+
目的状语从句+现在分词短语作结果状语+定语从句”。主句为plants
with similar cultural needs are grouped；so that引导目的状语从
句；现在分词短语forming a cooperative ecosystem…作结果状语；
定语从句that conserves water and discourages weeds修饰先行词
ecosystem。
【译文】在矩阵花园中，具有相似栽培需求的植物被归为一组，这
样它们就能在地面上下共同生长，形成一个节约用水且抑制杂草生
长的协作生态系统。
A [2025·河北石家庄高三三模]
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:322
Have you ever had something good happen to you and
felt like shouting it from the rooftops Sharing positive events
with others and receiving an enthusiastic response in return has
been tied to many good outcomes, including closer relationships
and greater happiness. Now, a new study suggests another
benefit of sharing the good stuff: more feelings of gratitude.
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The researchers started by asking 300 participants how
often they tended to share good news, and how other people
in their lives generally responded to their good news. Then, six
times a day for 10 days, the researchers asked participants to
report on how grateful they were in the moment, how recently
they'd had a social encounter, whether they'd shared good news
with that person, and how close they felt to the person as a
result.
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Afterward, the researchers analysed the results to look for
patterns. They found those who shared positive events with
others felt more grateful in the moment and closer to the
person with whom they shared the news. In addition, people
with a tendency to share good news and receive enthusiastic
responses were the most grateful in the group, overall.
Sharing good news calls attention to the good things
happening in your life, says Alexandra Gray, study coauthor of
Northeastern University. For example, you might tell a friend
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what a great time you had over the holidays, and in recounting
what happened, you can reexperience the positive feelings and
become even more appreciative.
Getting an enthusiastic response to your good news is also
important, says Gray, because it makes you feel recognized, and
cared for in a way that strengthens your relationship, and also
leads to gratitude.
Though there's still more research to be done, Gray
suggests people not hold back on sharing their good news with
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others, or on showing enthusiasm when others share good news
with them. We all have a role to play in helping positivity
spread.
［文章大意］ 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一项新研究表明分享
好消息除了能带来如更亲密的关系和更大的幸福感等好处外，还能
带来更多的感恩之情，并介绍了研究过程及分享好消息和对好消息
给予热情回应的重要性。
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( )1.How did the researchers conduct the study
A.By analysing participants' daily reports.
B.By observing participants' social encounters.
C.By studying participants' attitudes to sharing.
D.By tracking participants' interactive behaviour.
√
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[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段“Then, six times a day for 10
days, the researchers asked participants to report on how
grateful they were in the moment, how recently they'd had a
social encounter, whether they'd shared good news with that
person, and how close they felt to the person as a result.”和第
三段“Afterward, the researchers analysed the results to look for
patterns.”可推知，研究人员是通过分析参与者的日常报告来进行研
究的。故选A项。
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( )2.What does the underlined word “recounting”
probably mean in Paragraph 4
A.Repeating. B.Analysing. C.Inquiring. D.Recalling.
√
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[解析] 词义猜测题。根据第四段“For example, you might tell a
friend what a great time you had over the holidays, and in
recounting what happened, you can reexperience the positive
feelings and become even more appreciative.”可知，你可以再次
体验积极的感觉，变得更加感激。句中recounting what happened
与reexperience the positive feelings有直接关联，即只有先“回忆起”
假期的细节，才能在讲述时“再次体验”当时的美好。因此recounting
与“回忆起”含义相近。故选D项。
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( )3.What can we infer about positive responses to shared
good news
A.They boost the sharer's self-awareness.
B.They serve to confirm the listener's opinions.
C.They are more influential if given by friends.
D.They make people more connected with others.
√
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[解析] 推理判断题。根据第三段“They found those who shared
positive events with others felt more grateful in the moment
and closer to the person with whom they shared the news.”以及
第五段“Getting an enthusiastic response to your good news is
also important, says Gray, because it makes you feel recognized,
and cared for in a way that strengthens your relationship, and
also leads to gratitude.”可推知，对分享的好消息的积极回应能让
人们与他人联系更紧密。故选D项。
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( )4.What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A.To discuss the key to strong friendships.
B.To encourage people to share good news.
C.To compare ways people react to good news.
D.To analyse how gratitude improves happiness.
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[解析] 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Though there's still more
research to be done, Gray suggests people not hold back on
sharing their good news with others, or on showing enthusiasm
when others share good news with them. We all have a role to
play in helping positivity spread.”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的
是鼓励人们分享好消息。故选B项。
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B [2025·江西重点中学协作体高三第二次联考]
文体:说明文 主题:人与自然 词数:354
It's a disturbing thought: at this very moment, tiny pieces of
plastic are flowing through our bodies, a parade of unwelcome
houseguests ready to take up residence in some tissue or organ.
A wave of new studies has come out recently, and each one
seems to paint an ever more vivid picture of how microplastics
—and their smaller counterparts, nanoplastics—have infiltrated
(渗入) the deepest corners of our body. The lungs, liver and
heart, guts and brain—nothing seems to be spared.
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The outpouring of research has brought enormous visibility
to how these fragments (碎片) infiltrate our daily lives. Long
studied in oceans, waterways and marine life, researchers have
now shifted focus to human health. A decade ago, Heather
Leslie could scarcely find anyone to fund her work in this area.
“It seemed like nobody wanted to touch it,” says Leslie, a
microplastics researcher in the Netherlands whose team was the
first to detect these particles in the human bloodstream several
years ago.
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As the work has made progress, so have questions about
the damage microplastics could be doing inside of us.
Researchers tend to be cautious about making pronouncements
because the field is still in a “pioneering phase”, as Leslie put it.
And yet there are undoubtedly concerns. Some of the strongest
evidence comes from lab studies using animals as well as what's
already known about the damaging effects of chemicals added
to plastics. A review of the data published Wednesday concludes
that microplastics are suspected to harm human reproductive,
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digestive and breathing health, with a possible link to colon and
lung cancer.
“This is a signal that we should be acting now,” says Tracey
Woodruff, a senior author on the study who directs the
Programme on Reproductive Health & the Environment at the
University of California, San Francisco. Susanne Brander, an
ecotoxicologist at Oregon State University, says it's not helpful
to “trigger a tremendous state of alarm”, but she agrees that
we already know enough about the health risks to push for
substantive changes, including a global agreement to limit the
rising production of plastics.
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［文章大意］ 本文是一篇说明文。文章旨在警示微塑料对人体健康
的潜在威胁，强调尽管科学证据尚未完全确凿，但现有研究已足够
推动社会进行实质性改变，减少塑料污染对人类与环境的长期风险。
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( )5.What does the underlined phrase “a parade of
unwelcome houseguests” in Paragraph 1 imply
A.Beneficial substances entering the body.
B.Harmful particles invading the body.
C.Organized movement against plastics.
D.Medical treatment for plastics.
√
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[解析] 词义猜测题。根据第一段“It's a disturbing thought: at this
very moment, tiny pieces of plastic are flowing through our
bodies…”可知，a parade of unwelcome houseguests“一群不受欢
迎的在家小住的客人”是对“微小的塑料碎片正渗入我们的身体”的进
一步描述，这些微小的塑料碎片是有害的，所以这里指的是有害颗
粒侵入身体。故选B项。
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( )6.What do lab studies using animals suggest
A.They go against previous findings about plastic additives.
B.They prove the safety of microplastics in controlled conditions.
C.They offer direct evidence of microplastics' harm to humans.
D.They indicate possible risks needing further study in humans.
√
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[解析] 推理判断题。根据第三段“Some of the strongest evidence
comes from lab studies using animals as well as what's already
known about the damaging effects of chemicals added to
plastics. A review of the data published Wednesday concludes
that microplastics are suspected to harm human reproductive,
digestive and breathing health, with a possible link to colon and
lung cancer.”可知，使用动物的实验室研究提供了一些证据，表明
微塑料被怀疑对人类健康有害，可能与结肠癌和肺癌有联系，这意
味着它们暗示了可能存在的风险，需要在人类身上进行进一步研究。
故选D项。
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( )7.Which best shows Susanne Brander's attitude
A.Immediate action isn't needed without definite evidence.
B.Global cooperation is important but needs more research.
C.Current data is enough to support policy changes.
D.The public should be alarmed to drive quick solutions.
√
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[解析] 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Susanne Brander, an
ecotoxicologist at Oregon State University, says it's not helpful
to ‘trigger a tremendous state of alarm’, but she agrees that we
already know enough about the health risks to push for
substantive changes, including a global agreement to limit the
rising production of plastics.”可知，Susanne Brander认为不需要引
起巨大的恐慌，但现有的关于健康风险的数据已经足够推动实质性
的改变，包括达成全球协议来限制不断上升的塑料生产。故选C项。
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( )8.What is the main idea of the passage
A.To emphasize the health risks of microplastics.
B.To put forward solutions for reducing microplastics.
C.To introduce Heather Leslie's research on microplastics.
D.To compare microplastics and nanoplastics.
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[解析] 主旨大意题。根据第一段“It's a disturbing thought: at this
very moment, tiny pieces of plastic are flowing through our
bodies, a parade of unwelcome houseguests ready to take up
residence in some tissue or organ…The lungs, liver and heart,
guts and brain—nothing seems to be spared.”并纵观全文可知，
文章开篇指出微小塑料碎片正渗入人体，接着介绍了新的研究表明
微塑料已渗透到人体的各个部位，并讲述了对其可能造成的危害的
研究和担忧，最后提到应该采取行动。所以文章的主要目的是强调
微塑料对健康的风险。故选A项。
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重点词句回顾
A.派生词
1.coauthor n.合著者
2.reexperience v.再次体验
3.appreciative adj.感激的
4.strengthen v.加强
5.reproductive adj.生殖的，繁殖的
B.合成词
1.rooftop n.屋顶
2.houseguest n.在家小住的客人
3.outpouring n.涌现
4.bloodstream n.血流，体内循环的血液
C.熟词生义
1.spare (熟义) v. 抽出(时间)→(生义) v.使幸免；使不受影响
(B，Para.1)
2.touch (熟义) v. 触摸；接触→(生义) v. 涉足；处理(B，Para.2)
D.长难句分析
A review of the data published Wednesday concludes that
microplastics are suspected to harm human reproductive,
digestive and breathing health, with a possible link to colon and
lung cancer. (B，Para.3)
【分析】这是一个包含宾语从句和伴随状语的复合句。句子主干A
review of the data published Wednesday concludes that…是“主、
谓、宾”结构，过去分词短语published Wednesday作the data的后
置定语；that引导 ___________，从句谓语是are suspected to
宾语从句
harm，从句宾语由三个并列名词短语human reproductive, digestive
and breathing health充当，with a possible link to colon and
lung cancer作伴随状语。
【译文】对周三发表的数据的审查得出结论：微塑料被怀疑会损害
人类的生殖、消化和呼吸健康，且可能与结肠癌和肺癌有关联。
练真题
1.D 2.D 3.B 4.A
真题典例
1.B 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.A 7.A 8.C
模拟演练
1.A 2.D 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.A
重点词句回顾
长难句分析：宾语从句
