英文原著阅读与概要写作Summary Writing 教案
Ⅰ.Teaching Objectives: By the end of this period, students will be able to:
1. Obtain the steps of writing a summary;
2. Learn how to find the main points in each paragraph
3. Write a summary by using some techniques;
4. Learn to use transition to make the summary coherent
5.Learn to use checklist to make comment on a summary
Ⅱ.Teaching Procedures Before Class:(Hand out the reading material before class)(Assign students to go through the passage before class)During Class:
Step 1 Lead -in
T：What is a summary
S: It’s a brief, complete and objective restatement of the main idea and key points of a longer composition.
Step2 Display the basic requirement of a summary
1. No comments
Don’t share your own opinion about the issue.
No details
Omit detailed information, examples and dialogues.
No copying
Don’t copy the original sentences. Condense(缩写) sentences.
Coherence(连贯)
Use the shortest possible transitions, like however, besides, because etc.
Number of words
Write in about 60 words(40-80)
Step3 Practice different ways to express the same message
Use synonyms or synonymous phrases.
T: He had a very good command of English
S: He knew English well.
Turn complex sentences into simple ones
T: He received a welcome that was as cold as ice.
S: He received a icy welcome.
Combine the sentences
T: Hurry up. If you don’t, you’ll miss the train.
S: Hurry up or you’ll miss the train.
Replace direct speech with indirect speech.
T: Mary looked at Jerry disapprovingly and said,”You put too much salt on your food, Jerry. Stop it.”
S: Mary asked Jerry not to put too much salt on his food.
Step4 Determine the forms of literature and the style of original novels
T: What is the forms of literature and the style of original novels
S: A. Narration(记叙) B. Exposition(说明) C. Argumentation(议论)
T: What is the style of original novels
S: A. Narration(记叙)
T: When we writing a summary of narration, we need to pay attention to four steps. The first step is to sort out the structure of the story and find the 5wh-, that is when, where, who, why, what. The second step is to write the key information, using the advanced sentence and words. Then, adding the coherence words. The last step is to check it out.
Step5 Sort out the structure of the story and main aspect of each paragraph
T: Today we will focus on a passage on a deadly infectious disease in a town, where the children were saved by dogsled drivers. Find the elements of narration.
S: When: the 20th of January 1925, January 26, January 27, January 31, February 1, February 2
Where: Nome, North Alaska
Who: Dr. Welch, the children of Nome, mushers
Why: a deadly infectious disease, the town was cut off
How: a relay
What: All of them recovered
T: Let’s find the main points and make the outline
Point:1: On the 20th of January 1925, a deadly infectious disease endangered the children’s lives of Nome and a heavy snow made the medicine seem impossible.
Point2: After four deaths by January 26, the officials of the town decided to carry the medicine by dogsled and the plan began on January 27.
Point3: On January 31, the musher had to cross a frozen body of water in danger of losing his life and it’s the dangerous part of the journey.
Point4: A snowstorm blocked the way on February 1 and the musher needed to depend on the lead dog to find the trail again. Luckily, he finally made it.
Point5: The medicine finally on February 2 and the children of the town were saved.
Step6 Using what we have learnt today write your own summary.
T: Get students to share their original sentences with group members and to discuss and use some link words to connect their separated sentences to form a whole passage.
T: Ask students to show their new passage and make comments on it according to ways to rewrite key points.
Step 7 Use the ways of condensation to polish the passage
Use Nonfinite Verbs
A heavy snow made the medicine for the disease seem impossible, endangering the children’s lives in Nome
Turn simple ones into complex sentences .
The town officials finally put forward a plan of carrying medicine by dogsled, which began on the next day.
Combine the two sentences.
The dogsled drivers overcame a lot of difficulties, such as a frozen body of water and a huge snowstorm.
Use Adverbial clause.
The children of the town were saved as the medicine finally arrived.
Step8 Summary and criteria
In January, 1925, a heavy snow made medicine for the disease impossible, endangering the children’s lives in Nome. The town officials finally planned to carry medicine by dogsled on January 26, which began on the next day. The dogsled drivers overcame a lot of difficulties, like a frozen body of water and a huge snowstorm. The children of the town were saved as the medicine finally arrived on February 2.
Step9: Homework
Give comments on your deskmate’s summary according to the criteria.
Read original novels write a summary of about 60 words for it using what we have learned in this class.(共24张PPT)
英文原著阅读与概要写作
Summary Writing
YOUR LOGO
20XX.XX.XX
讲师：aaa
It is a _____、________and ________ restatement of the main idea and key points of a longer composition.
brief
complete
objective
What is a summary
Basic requirements
1. No comments
Don’t share your own opinion about the issue.
2. No details
Omit detailed information, examples and dialogues.
3. No copying
Don’t copy the original sentences.
Condense（缩写）sentences.
4. Coherence（连贯）
Use the shortest possible transitions,like however,besides,because etc.
5. Number of words
Write in about 60 words(40-80).
Tips: Ways of condensation
Use synonyms or synonymous phrases.
01
He knew English well.
He had a very good command of English.
Turn complex sentences into simple ones.
02
He received a welcome that was as cold as ice.
He received a(n)_____welcome.
icy
Combine the sentences.
03
Hurry up ______ you’ll miss the train.
Hurry up. If you don’t, you’ll miss the train.
Replace direct speech with indirect speech.
04
Mary looked at Jerry disapprovingly and said, “You put too much salt on your food, Jerry. Stop it.”
Mary asked Jerry not to put too much salt on his food.
or
A
B
C
Forms of Literature
Narration（记叙文）
What is the style of original novels
Argumentation（议论文）
Exposition (说明文)
第一步：梳理5ｗ１ｈ＋故事脉络
第二步：重写关键信息
第三步：加过渡词
句型升级、词汇升级
第四步：检查
Steps of making a summary of narration
体裁：记叙文
主题： a deadly infectious disease
结构：
Para 1
Para 4
Para 2&3
Para 6
Para 5
文本内容与结构解读
Read the passage and write a summary
On the 20th of January 1925 in Nome, North Alaska, Dr. Welch diagnosed a sick boy, Billy, with diphtheria, a deadly infectious (传染的) disease mainly affecting children. The children of Nome would be helpless if it hit the town. Dr. Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to prevent the sickness from spreading. However, the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away. What’s worse, the town was cut off from the outside world due to a heavy snow --- the medicine seemed impossible.
By January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twenty more were sick. Nome’s town officials came up with a plan. They would send the medicine by train to Nenana. From there, dogsled (狗拉雪橇) drivers — known as “mushers” — would carry it to Nome in a relay (接力).
The race began on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night. His face was black from the extreme cold.
②
③
①
On January 31, a musher named Seppala had to cross a frozen body of water called Norton Sound. It was the most dangerous part of the journey. Norton Sound was covered with ice, which could break up without warning. If that happened, Seppala might fall into the icy water below. He and the sick children would all die. But Seppala made it across.
A huge snowstorm hit on February1. A musher named Kaasen had to brave this storm. At one point, huge piles of snow blocked his way. He had to leave the trail to get around them. Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to find the trail again. The only hope was Kaasen’s lead dog. The dog put his nose to the ground, trying to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail. If Balto failed, it would mean disaster for Nome. Minutes later, the dog finally found the trail.
At 5:30 am on February 2, Kaasen and his dog arrived in Nome. Within minutes, Dr. Welch had the medicine. He quickly gave it to the sick children. All of them recovered.
④
⑤
⑥
The elements of narration
时间（when）
地点（where）
人物 （who）
起因 （why）
经过 （how）
结果（what）
Nome,
North Alaska
Dr. Welch, the children of Nome, mushers
a deadly infectious disease, the town was cut off
a relay
All of them recovered.
the 20th of January 1925,
January 26, January 27, January 31,
February 1, February 2
On the 20th of January 1925 in Nome, North Alaska, Dr. Welch diagnosed a Sick boy, Billy, with diphtheria, a deadly infectious (传染的) disease mainly affecting children. The children of Nome would be helpless if it hit the town. Dr. Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to prevent the sickness from spreading. However, the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away.What’s worse, the town was cut off from the outside world due to a heavy snow --- medicine seemed impossible.
Para. 1
On the 20th of January 1925, a deadly infectious disease endangered the children’s lives of Nome and a heavy snow made the medicine seem impossible.
By January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twenty more were sick. Nome’s town officials came up with a plan. They would sent the medicine by train to Nenana. From there, dogsled (狗拉雪橇) drivers — known as “mushers” — would carry it to Nome in a relay(接力).
The race began on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night. His face was black from the extreme cold.
Para. 2、3
After four deaths by January 26, the officials of the town decided to carry the medicine by dogsled and the plan began on January 27.
On January 31, a musher named Seppala had to cross a frozen body of water called Norton Sound. It was the most dangerous part of the journey. Norton Sound was covered with ice, which could break up without warning. If that happened, Seppala might fall into the icy water below. He and the sick children would all die. But Seppala made it.
Para. 4
On January 31, the musher had to cross a frozen body of water in danger of losing his life and it’s the dangerous part of the journey.
A huge snowstorm hit on February1. A musher named Kaasen had to brave this storm. At one point, huge piles of snow blocked his way. He had to leave the trail to get around them. Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to find the trail again. The only hope was Kaasen’s lead dog. The dog put his nose to the ground, trying to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail. If Balto failed, it would mean disaster for Nome. Minutes later, the dog finally found the trail.
Para. 5
A snowstorm blocked the way on February 1 and the musher needed to depend on the lead dog to find the trail again. Luckily, he finally made it.
At 5:30 am on February 2, Kaasen and his dog arrived in Nome. Within minutes, Dr. Welch had the medicine. He quickly gave it to the sick children. All of them recovered.
Para. 6
The medicine finally on February 2 and the children of the town were saved.
Using what we have learnt today write your own summary.
On the 20th of January 1925, a deadly infectious disease endangered the children’s lives of Nome and a heavy snow made the medicine seem impossible. After four deaths by January 26, the officials of the town decided to carry the medicine by dogsled and the plan began on January 27. On January 31, the musher had to cross a frozen body of water in danger of losing his life and it’s the dangerous part of the journey. A huge snowstorm blocked the way on February 1 and the musher needed to depend on the lead dog to find the trail again. Luckily, he finally made it. The medicine finally arrived on February 2 and the children of the town were saved. (121 w)
Sample
Tips: Ways of condensation
Use Nonfinite Verbs.
01
A heavy snow made the medicine for the disease seem impossible, _________ the children’s lives in Nome .
On the 20th of January 1925, a deadly infectious disease endangered the children’s lives of Nome and a heavy snow made the medicine seemed impossible.
Turn simple ones into complex sentences .
02
After four deaths by January 26, the officials of the town decided to carry the medicine by dogsled and the plan began on January 27.
The town officials finally put forward a plan of carrying medicine by dogsled, ____ began on the next day.
endangering
which
Combine the two sentences.
03
The dogsled drivers overcame a lot of difficulties, _______ a frozen body of water and a huge snowstorm.
On January 31, the musher had to cross a frozen body of water in danger of losing his life and it’s the dangerous part of the journey.
A huge snowstorm blocked the way on February 1 and the musher needed to depend on the lead dog to find the trail again. Luckily, he finally made it.
such as
Use Adverbial clause.
04
The medicine finally arrived on February 2 and the children of the town were saved.
The children of the town were saved ___ the medicine finally arrived.
as
In January, 1925, a heavy snow made medicine for the disease impossible, endangering the children’s lives in Nome. The town officials finally planned to carry medicine by dogsled on January 26, which began on the next day. The dogsled drivers overcame a lot of difficulties, like a frozen body of water and a huge snowstorm. The children of the town were saved as the medicine finally arrived on February 2.
Possible version
Criteria
Brief
Complete
original
Coherent
Brief-about 60 words
Homework
Give comments on your deskmate’s summary according to the criteria.
Read original novels write a summary of about 60 words for it using what we have learned in this class.
