人教版（2019）选择性必修四Unit 1 Science Fiction Learning About Language 专练（含解析）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修四Unit 1 Science Fiction Learning About Language 专练（含解析） |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-01-15 00:00:00 | ||
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Unit 1 Science Fiction
Learning About Language
考点1·语法填空
1. My washing machine ________ (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
2. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who ________ (trap)and to bury the dead.
3. By the time he graduated, he ________ (offer) jobs by a dozen computer companies.
4. With the appearance of computers, complicated issues ________ (simple) so far.
5. You work hard on your lessons and your efforts ________ (reward) with success in the end.
考点2·选词填空
be aware of on a regular basis set up
as well superior to
6. When visiting another country, you should ____________ those differences and respect them.
7. We decided to meet at the art center ____________ in order to discuss some problems.
8. With the help of the local government, they ____________ a wildlife reserve to protect animals.
9. Not only do the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours ____________.
10. Brahmins consider themselves ____________ most other people, although they may not say so.
考点3·短文填空
The new Netflix series 3 Body Problem, an adaptation of Liu Cixin's novel The Three-Body Problem, 11._______________ (win) a new wave of overseas cheers since it was on. According to reports, the series was produced with 12._______________ total investment (投资) of about $160 million 13._______________ became one of the most famous series in the history of Netflix.
The story focuses on scientists 14._______________ (discover) an alien civilization (外星文明) on Alpha Centauri, endangered by its unstable orbit (轨道) around three suns, 15._______________ is causing serious environmental problems, known as the "three-body problem". The book, which became the first Asian novel 16._______________ (receive) the Hugo Prize, has been praised 17._______________ its creative ideas.
After the first season of 3 Body Problem started streaming on Netflix last week, heated discussions 18._______________ (mount) on the Internet. “The novel comes with a 19._______________ (complete) new imagination to remind us that we are very tiny and 20._______________ (important) within the universe,” said a reader who has given Amazon's highest rating to the book.
能力拔高题
Herbert George Wells was born in England in 1866. He did not come from a rich family. His parents had a small shop but it was not successful and closed when he was thirteen. He worked at different times in a clothes shop and a chemist's. He always read a lot and later managed to get a place at a science college. After he left there he became a teacher, but he was badly hurt while playing football and this meant that he could not continue. He then laboured in London, writing for newspapers and doing some teaching of small groups. None of these made much money.
The Time Machine was his first fictional work. It appeared in weekly parts in a magazine in 1894 and as a book the following year. At the time, Wells was married to his second wife and was trying to support both her and her mother. He needed to make money, so he wrote it quite quickly. Although he was never really happy with the finished book, it turned out to be a great success and allowed him to continue as a writer. It is not easy for us to understand how different this book was from others of the time. It is the first real science fiction book. It introduces the readers to the idea of time as the fourth dimension, ten years before Einstein made it part of scientific thinking. Wells also described a simple mechanical answer to the problem of time travel — a time machine. Nobody had ever described time travel in a machine before, and the words "time machine" entered the English language.
After the great success of this book, Wells wrote more science fiction. His most famous books are The Island of Dr. Moreau (1896), The Invisible Man (1897), The War of the Worlds (1898) and The First Men in the Moon (1901). All of them have been filmed, some more than once. H. G. Wells died in London in 1946.
21. Why did Wells begin to write for newspapers in London?
A. He wanted to make more money.
B. He was never happy with his former jobs.
C. He was seriously injured in sport.
D. His second wife asked him to do so.
22. How different was The Time Machine from other books of the time?
A. It first described the idea of dimensions.
B. It introduced the idea of four-dimensional space.
C. Readers felt it easier to read and understand.
D. It was the first fictional book in the world.
23. Which of the following statements is true about The Time Machine?
A. It was Wells' most famous work.
B. It first appeared as a book
C. Wells was very satisfied with it.
D. Its success helped to support Wells' family.
24. What is the writing purpose of the passage?
A. To introduce Wells' life experiences and his works.
B. To describe the plot of The Time Machine.
C. To convince readers that Wells is a good writer.
D. To illustrate the great and famous works of Wells.
答案以及解析
1. 答案：is being repaired
解析：考查现在进行时，被动语态。句意：这星期我的洗衣机正在修理，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句“所以我不得不手洗衣服”可知，我的洗衣机正在维修；“洗衣机是被维修”，所以此处要用被动语态；主语为“My washing machine”为第三人称单数，所以为is being repaired。故填is being repaired。
2. 答案：were trapped
解析：考查时态和语态。句意：地震发生后不久，军队派遣15万士兵前往唐山，挖掘被困人员并掩埋死者。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，根据上文sent判断为一般过去时，主语who指代先行词those（那些人）为复数意义，且和trap之间为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were trapped。
3. 答案：had been offered
解析：考查时态和被动语态。句意：到他毕业的时候，已经有十几家电脑公司向他提供了工作机会。由By the time he graduated可知，句子时态用过去完成时，他是被提供工作，因此空格处用过去完成时的被动语态故填had been offered.
4. 答案：have been simplified
解析：“so far” 常与现在完成时连用，“issues” 与 “simplify” 之间是被动关系，即问题被简化，所以用现在完成时的被动语态 “have been simplified”。
5. 答案：will be rewarded
解析：考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据句子 “You work hard on your lessons and your efforts...” 可知，这里表示你努力学习，你的努力最终将会得到成功的回报。“will be rewarded” 是一般将来时的被动语态，其结构为 “will be + 过去分词”，强调努力会被回报，且是在将来发生的动作。故填 will be rewarded。
6. 答案：be aware of
解析：句意：到访另一个国家时，你应该意识到这些差异并尊重它们。情态动词should后接动词原形；be aware of为固定短语，表 “意识到；知道”，契合 “出国了解并尊重异国差异” 的逻辑，后接名词those differences作宾语，是跨文化 / 社交语境高频表达。
7. 答案：on a regular basis
解析：句意：我们决定定期在艺术中心碰面，以便讨论一些问题。本短语为副词短语，作方式 / 频率状语修饰动词meet，表 “定期地”；贴合 “见面讨论问题” 的场景，说明碰面的频率，是书面表达中替换regularly的高级表达。
8. 答案：set up
解析：句意：在当地政府的帮助下，他们建立了一个野生动物保护区来保护动物。结合语境判断为一般过去时，set的过去式仍为set；set up表 “建立；设立”，后接机构、场所类名词，set up a wildlife reserve为地道搭配，是高考动作类短语核心考点。
9. 答案：as well
解析：句意：护士们不仅想要涨工资，还希望减少工作时长。本句为Not only... 开头的部分倒装句，as well表 “也；还”，用于句末，无需加逗号，契合 “涨薪 + 减时” 的递进逻辑；注意本短语不可与but also连用，是替代too的正式表达。
10. 答案：superior to
解析：句意：婆罗门人认为自己比大多数其他人地位更高，尽管他们可能不会明说。考查consider的用法：consider oneself + 形容词 / 短语（认为自己……）；superior为特殊含比较义的形容词，无比较级 / 最高级，后接to而非than，表 “在地位 / 等级上优于……”，是本单元语法重点。
11. 答案：has won
解析：考查时态。句意：改编自刘慈欣小说《三体》的奈飞新剧《三体》自上映以来，在海外赢得了新一轮的欢呼。根据句意和句中“since”可知，句子应用现在完成时，表示动作开始于过去，持续到现在，“3 Body Problem”和“has”连用，“win”的过去分词为“won”，故空格处应填“has won”。故填has won。
12. 答案：a
解析：考查冠词。句意：据报道，该剧制作总投资约1. 6亿美元，成为奈飞历史上最著名的剧集之一。句中涉及固定短语“a total of…”，意为“总共……”，故空格处应用不定冠词“a”。故填a。
13. 答案：and
解析：考查连词。句意：据报道，该剧制作总投资约1. 6亿美元，成为奈飞历史上最著名的剧集之一。根据句意可知，“该剧制作总投资约1. 6亿美元”和“成为奈飞历史上最著名的剧集之一”为并列关系，故空格处应用连词“and”，表并列。故填and。
14. 答案：discovering
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：故事聚焦于科学家在半人马座阿尔法星上发现了一个外星文明，该文明因其围绕三个太阳的不稳定轨道而受到威胁，这导致了严重的环境问题，即“三体问题”。句中有谓语动词“focuses on”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“scientists”和“discover”为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用“discover”的现在分词“discovering”。故填discovering。
15. 答案：which
解析：考查定语从句。句意：故事聚焦于科学家在半人马座阿尔法星上发现了一个外星文明，该文明因其围绕三个太阳的不稳定轨道而受到威胁，这导致了严重的环境问题，即“三体问题”。句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“该文明因其围绕三个太阳的不稳定轨道而受到威胁”这件事，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词“which”引导从句。故填which。
16. 答案：to receive
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这本书成为第一部获得雨果奖的亚洲小说，因其创意而受到赞誉。句中有谓语动词“became”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“Asian novel”前有序数词“the first”修饰，故空格处应用不定式“to receive”作后置定语。故填to receive。
17. 答案：for
解析：考查固定短语。句意：这本书成为第一部获得雨果奖的亚洲小说，因其创意而受到赞誉。句中涉及固定短语“be praised for…”，意为“因……受到赞誉”，故空格处应用介词“for”。故填for。
18. 答案：mounted
解析：考查时态。句意：上周，《三体》第一季在奈飞上开始播放后，互联网上展开了激烈的讨论。根据句意和句中“last week”可知，句子应用一般过去时，表示过去发生的事，“mount”的过去式为“mounted”。故填mounted。
19. 答案：completely
解析：考查副词。句意：一位读者表示：“这部小说以全新的想象力提醒我们，我们在宇宙中非常渺小和不重要。”这位读者对这本书给予了亚马逊最高的评价。“new”为形容词，空格处应用副词，作状语，“complete”对应的副词为“completely”，意为“完全地”。故填completely。
20. 答案：unimportant
解析：考查形容词。句意：一位读者表示：“这部小说以全新的想象力提醒我们，我们在宇宙中非常渺小和不重要。”这位读者对这本书给予了亚马逊最高的评价。“are”为系动词，空格处应用形容词，作表语，句中表示的是我们在宇宙中非常渺小和不重要，故应用“important”的反义词“unimportant”，意为“不重要的”。故填unimportant。
21. 答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“After he left there he became a teacher...writing for newspapers (离开那里后，他成了一名教师，但他在踢足球时受了重伤，这意味着他不能继续做下去了。然后他在伦敦努力工作，为报社撰稿) ”可知，他之所以开始为报社撰稿是因为他在运动中受伤，所以只能放弃教师这份工作。故选C。
22. 答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段前三句可知，我们很难理解这本书与当时的其他书有多大的不同。这是第一本真正意义上的科幻小说。它向读者介绍了时间是第四维的概念，这比爱因斯坦把它作为科学思想的一部分早了十年。所以这本书的独特之处在于它率先介绍了四维空间这个概念。故选B。
23. 答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，《时间机器》是他的第一部虚构作品。他需要赚钱养活妻子和妻子的母亲，所以他写得很快。虽然他对完成的书从来没有真正满意过，但结果这本书取得了巨大的成功，让他能够继续当一个作家。由此可知，《时间机器》虽然未能让Wells满意，却使他赚了钱，养活了家人。故选D
24. 答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据文章内容“第一段：Wells创作科幻小说前的生活经历→第二段：《时间机器》的创作背景→第三段：《时间机器》与同时期的其他作品不同的地方→第四段：Wells 其他的科幻小说”可以推知，文章的写作目的是介绍Wells的人生经历以及作品。故选A。
Learning About Language
考点1·语法填空
1. My washing machine ________ (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
2. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who ________ (trap)and to bury the dead.
3. By the time he graduated, he ________ (offer) jobs by a dozen computer companies.
4. With the appearance of computers, complicated issues ________ (simple) so far.
5. You work hard on your lessons and your efforts ________ (reward) with success in the end.
考点2·选词填空
be aware of on a regular basis set up
as well superior to
6. When visiting another country, you should ____________ those differences and respect them.
7. We decided to meet at the art center ____________ in order to discuss some problems.
8. With the help of the local government, they ____________ a wildlife reserve to protect animals.
9. Not only do the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours ____________.
10. Brahmins consider themselves ____________ most other people, although they may not say so.
考点3·短文填空
The new Netflix series 3 Body Problem, an adaptation of Liu Cixin's novel The Three-Body Problem, 11._______________ (win) a new wave of overseas cheers since it was on. According to reports, the series was produced with 12._______________ total investment (投资) of about $160 million 13._______________ became one of the most famous series in the history of Netflix.
The story focuses on scientists 14._______________ (discover) an alien civilization (外星文明) on Alpha Centauri, endangered by its unstable orbit (轨道) around three suns, 15._______________ is causing serious environmental problems, known as the "three-body problem". The book, which became the first Asian novel 16._______________ (receive) the Hugo Prize, has been praised 17._______________ its creative ideas.
After the first season of 3 Body Problem started streaming on Netflix last week, heated discussions 18._______________ (mount) on the Internet. “The novel comes with a 19._______________ (complete) new imagination to remind us that we are very tiny and 20._______________ (important) within the universe,” said a reader who has given Amazon's highest rating to the book.
能力拔高题
Herbert George Wells was born in England in 1866. He did not come from a rich family. His parents had a small shop but it was not successful and closed when he was thirteen. He worked at different times in a clothes shop and a chemist's. He always read a lot and later managed to get a place at a science college. After he left there he became a teacher, but he was badly hurt while playing football and this meant that he could not continue. He then laboured in London, writing for newspapers and doing some teaching of small groups. None of these made much money.
The Time Machine was his first fictional work. It appeared in weekly parts in a magazine in 1894 and as a book the following year. At the time, Wells was married to his second wife and was trying to support both her and her mother. He needed to make money, so he wrote it quite quickly. Although he was never really happy with the finished book, it turned out to be a great success and allowed him to continue as a writer. It is not easy for us to understand how different this book was from others of the time. It is the first real science fiction book. It introduces the readers to the idea of time as the fourth dimension, ten years before Einstein made it part of scientific thinking. Wells also described a simple mechanical answer to the problem of time travel — a time machine. Nobody had ever described time travel in a machine before, and the words "time machine" entered the English language.
After the great success of this book, Wells wrote more science fiction. His most famous books are The Island of Dr. Moreau (1896), The Invisible Man (1897), The War of the Worlds (1898) and The First Men in the Moon (1901). All of them have been filmed, some more than once. H. G. Wells died in London in 1946.
21. Why did Wells begin to write for newspapers in London?
A. He wanted to make more money.
B. He was never happy with his former jobs.
C. He was seriously injured in sport.
D. His second wife asked him to do so.
22. How different was The Time Machine from other books of the time?
A. It first described the idea of dimensions.
B. It introduced the idea of four-dimensional space.
C. Readers felt it easier to read and understand.
D. It was the first fictional book in the world.
23. Which of the following statements is true about The Time Machine?
A. It was Wells' most famous work.
B. It first appeared as a book
C. Wells was very satisfied with it.
D. Its success helped to support Wells' family.
24. What is the writing purpose of the passage?
A. To introduce Wells' life experiences and his works.
B. To describe the plot of The Time Machine.
C. To convince readers that Wells is a good writer.
D. To illustrate the great and famous works of Wells.
答案以及解析
1. 答案：is being repaired
解析：考查现在进行时，被动语态。句意：这星期我的洗衣机正在修理，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句“所以我不得不手洗衣服”可知，我的洗衣机正在维修；“洗衣机是被维修”，所以此处要用被动语态；主语为“My washing machine”为第三人称单数，所以为is being repaired。故填is being repaired。
2. 答案：were trapped
解析：考查时态和语态。句意：地震发生后不久，军队派遣15万士兵前往唐山，挖掘被困人员并掩埋死者。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，根据上文sent判断为一般过去时，主语who指代先行词those（那些人）为复数意义，且和trap之间为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were trapped。
3. 答案：had been offered
解析：考查时态和被动语态。句意：到他毕业的时候，已经有十几家电脑公司向他提供了工作机会。由By the time he graduated可知，句子时态用过去完成时，他是被提供工作，因此空格处用过去完成时的被动语态故填had been offered.
4. 答案：have been simplified
解析：“so far” 常与现在完成时连用，“issues” 与 “simplify” 之间是被动关系，即问题被简化，所以用现在完成时的被动语态 “have been simplified”。
5. 答案：will be rewarded
解析：考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据句子 “You work hard on your lessons and your efforts...” 可知，这里表示你努力学习，你的努力最终将会得到成功的回报。“will be rewarded” 是一般将来时的被动语态，其结构为 “will be + 过去分词”，强调努力会被回报，且是在将来发生的动作。故填 will be rewarded。
6. 答案：be aware of
解析：句意：到访另一个国家时，你应该意识到这些差异并尊重它们。情态动词should后接动词原形；be aware of为固定短语，表 “意识到；知道”，契合 “出国了解并尊重异国差异” 的逻辑，后接名词those differences作宾语，是跨文化 / 社交语境高频表达。
7. 答案：on a regular basis
解析：句意：我们决定定期在艺术中心碰面，以便讨论一些问题。本短语为副词短语，作方式 / 频率状语修饰动词meet，表 “定期地”；贴合 “见面讨论问题” 的场景，说明碰面的频率，是书面表达中替换regularly的高级表达。
8. 答案：set up
解析：句意：在当地政府的帮助下，他们建立了一个野生动物保护区来保护动物。结合语境判断为一般过去时，set的过去式仍为set；set up表 “建立；设立”，后接机构、场所类名词，set up a wildlife reserve为地道搭配，是高考动作类短语核心考点。
9. 答案：as well
解析：句意：护士们不仅想要涨工资，还希望减少工作时长。本句为Not only... 开头的部分倒装句，as well表 “也；还”，用于句末，无需加逗号，契合 “涨薪 + 减时” 的递进逻辑；注意本短语不可与but also连用，是替代too的正式表达。
10. 答案：superior to
解析：句意：婆罗门人认为自己比大多数其他人地位更高，尽管他们可能不会明说。考查consider的用法：consider oneself + 形容词 / 短语（认为自己……）；superior为特殊含比较义的形容词，无比较级 / 最高级，后接to而非than，表 “在地位 / 等级上优于……”，是本单元语法重点。
11. 答案：has won
解析：考查时态。句意：改编自刘慈欣小说《三体》的奈飞新剧《三体》自上映以来，在海外赢得了新一轮的欢呼。根据句意和句中“since”可知，句子应用现在完成时，表示动作开始于过去，持续到现在，“3 Body Problem”和“has”连用，“win”的过去分词为“won”，故空格处应填“has won”。故填has won。
12. 答案：a
解析：考查冠词。句意：据报道，该剧制作总投资约1. 6亿美元，成为奈飞历史上最著名的剧集之一。句中涉及固定短语“a total of…”，意为“总共……”，故空格处应用不定冠词“a”。故填a。
13. 答案：and
解析：考查连词。句意：据报道，该剧制作总投资约1. 6亿美元，成为奈飞历史上最著名的剧集之一。根据句意可知，“该剧制作总投资约1. 6亿美元”和“成为奈飞历史上最著名的剧集之一”为并列关系，故空格处应用连词“and”，表并列。故填and。
14. 答案：discovering
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：故事聚焦于科学家在半人马座阿尔法星上发现了一个外星文明，该文明因其围绕三个太阳的不稳定轨道而受到威胁，这导致了严重的环境问题，即“三体问题”。句中有谓语动词“focuses on”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“scientists”和“discover”为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用“discover”的现在分词“discovering”。故填discovering。
15. 答案：which
解析：考查定语从句。句意：故事聚焦于科学家在半人马座阿尔法星上发现了一个外星文明，该文明因其围绕三个太阳的不稳定轨道而受到威胁，这导致了严重的环境问题，即“三体问题”。句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“该文明因其围绕三个太阳的不稳定轨道而受到威胁”这件事，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词“which”引导从句。故填which。
16. 答案：to receive
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这本书成为第一部获得雨果奖的亚洲小说，因其创意而受到赞誉。句中有谓语动词“became”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“Asian novel”前有序数词“the first”修饰，故空格处应用不定式“to receive”作后置定语。故填to receive。
17. 答案：for
解析：考查固定短语。句意：这本书成为第一部获得雨果奖的亚洲小说，因其创意而受到赞誉。句中涉及固定短语“be praised for…”，意为“因……受到赞誉”，故空格处应用介词“for”。故填for。
18. 答案：mounted
解析：考查时态。句意：上周，《三体》第一季在奈飞上开始播放后，互联网上展开了激烈的讨论。根据句意和句中“last week”可知，句子应用一般过去时，表示过去发生的事，“mount”的过去式为“mounted”。故填mounted。
19. 答案：completely
解析：考查副词。句意：一位读者表示：“这部小说以全新的想象力提醒我们，我们在宇宙中非常渺小和不重要。”这位读者对这本书给予了亚马逊最高的评价。“new”为形容词，空格处应用副词，作状语，“complete”对应的副词为“completely”，意为“完全地”。故填completely。
20. 答案：unimportant
解析：考查形容词。句意：一位读者表示：“这部小说以全新的想象力提醒我们，我们在宇宙中非常渺小和不重要。”这位读者对这本书给予了亚马逊最高的评价。“are”为系动词，空格处应用形容词，作表语，句中表示的是我们在宇宙中非常渺小和不重要，故应用“important”的反义词“unimportant”，意为“不重要的”。故填unimportant。
21. 答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“After he left there he became a teacher...writing for newspapers (离开那里后，他成了一名教师，但他在踢足球时受了重伤，这意味着他不能继续做下去了。然后他在伦敦努力工作，为报社撰稿) ”可知，他之所以开始为报社撰稿是因为他在运动中受伤，所以只能放弃教师这份工作。故选C。
22. 答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段前三句可知，我们很难理解这本书与当时的其他书有多大的不同。这是第一本真正意义上的科幻小说。它向读者介绍了时间是第四维的概念，这比爱因斯坦把它作为科学思想的一部分早了十年。所以这本书的独特之处在于它率先介绍了四维空间这个概念。故选B。
23. 答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，《时间机器》是他的第一部虚构作品。他需要赚钱养活妻子和妻子的母亲，所以他写得很快。虽然他对完成的书从来没有真正满意过，但结果这本书取得了巨大的成功，让他能够继续当一个作家。由此可知，《时间机器》虽然未能让Wells满意，却使他赚了钱，养活了家人。故选D
24. 答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据文章内容“第一段：Wells创作科幻小说前的生活经历→第二段：《时间机器》的创作背景→第三段：《时间机器》与同时期的其他作品不同的地方→第四段：Wells 其他的科幻小说”可以推知，文章的写作目的是介绍Wells的人生经历以及作品。故选A。