第2讲 非谓语动词的变化
考点1 非谓语动词作状语
1.to rent 考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知,空格处需要填入不定式to rent,表示目的,说明女性消费者租赁服装而不是直接购买。
2.travelling 考查非谓语动词。句子主语we与travel之间是主动关系,用现在分词,构成“when+现在分词”的状语从句省略结构。故填travelling。
3.to benefit 考查非谓语动词。根据buying extra和from price reductions可知,此处是指多买一件来享受降价,所以应用不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。
4.knocking 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语ran,空处应填非谓语动词,knock与逻辑主语some kids之间是主动关系,应用现在分词形式knocking作状语。故填knocking。
5.Having visited 考查非谓语动词。本空在句中作状语,动词visit和句子主语I之间为逻辑上的主动关系,且根据空后时间状语over the last 10 years可知,应用现在完成时,故本空应用现在分词的完成式,表示“主动和完成”。故填Having visited。
考点2 非谓语动词作定语
1. left 考查非谓语动词。从句已有谓语have never experienced,此处应用非谓语动词,a sheet or shirt和leave“使处于某种状态”之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词,作后置定语。故填left。
2.to discover 考查非谓语动词。chance to do sth是习惯搭配,意为“做某事的机会”,应用不定式to discover作后置定语。故填to discover。
3. surrounded 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,was是谓语动词,空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语,逻辑主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系,需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。
4.posted 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词,所以空处用非谓语动词形式。post 和名词story 是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以空处用过去分词作定语。
5.originating 考查非谓语动词。句中有谓语has,前后无连词,此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰fine clocks,且动词originate(源于)和fine clocks是主动关系,应用现在分词作后置定语。
考点3 非谓语动词作宾语
1.to present 考查非谓语动词。hope to do sth是固定搭配,意为“希望做某事”, 应用动词不定式作宾语。故填to present。
2.returning 考查非谓语动词。mean此处指“意味着”,mean doing sth是习惯搭配,应用动名词作宾语。故填returning。
3.to catch 考查非谓语动词。固定搭配tend to do sth表示“倾向于做某事”,不定式作宾语,故填to catch。
4.to continue 考查不定式作宾语。动词plans后面跟动词不定式,plan to do sth意为“计划做某事”。
5.spending 考查动名词作宾语。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语,故此处用动名词作介词after的宾语。
考点4 非谓语动词作宾补
1. scared 考查非谓语动词。此处是have sb done结构,表示“使某人被……”,someone与scare之间是被动关系,即某人被吓到,用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填scared。
2. decorated 考查过去分词作宾补。see sth done意为“看到某物被……”,此处用过去分词作宾语补足语。
3.surrounding 考查现在分词作宾补。分析句子结构可知,从句中的saw是谓语,the mists与the soft clouds是平行宾语,空处应与rising构成平行宾语补足语。
4. walking 考查现在分词作宾补。空处与living是并列成分,共同作宾语补足语。imagine sb doing sth意为“想象某人做某事”。
5. recognizing 考查现在分词作宾补。此处宾语more countries与recognize之间是主动关系,故用现在分词作宾补。
考点5 非谓语动词作主语和表语
1. to walk 考查不定式作主语。“It is+形容词+to do…”是固定句型,it作形式主语,不定式作真正的主语。
2. educated 考查过去分词作表语。此处指人接受到教育,become为系动词,此处用过去分词作表语。
3. to begin 考查不定式作主语。此处为“It is+adj.+for sb to do sth.”结构,该结构中it作形式主语,真正的主语为动词不定式。
4. to break 考查不定式作主语。固定句型:“It takes sb/sth+一段时间+to do sth.”(花某人/物多长时间做某事。),此处用动词不定式作真正的主语,it为形式主语。
5. Learning 考查动名词作主语。分析句子可知,句子缺少主语,故用动名词作主语。
【真题典例】
[文章大意] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从美国到中国浙江农村生活的经历与感受。
1.where 考查定语从句。本空引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the countryside of Zhejiang,China,关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
2.central 考查形容词。本空修饰名词heating,应用形容词central“中央的,中心的”,作定语。故填central。
3.for 考查介词。prepare sb for…“使某人为……做好准备”是固定搭配。故填for。
4.and 考查连词。adapt和learn是并列关系,应用连词and连接。故填and。
5.myself 考查反身代词。本空指代主语I,表示“我自己”,应用反身代词myself。故填myself。
6.is 考查动词时态和主谓一致。本句描述的是一般事实,时态用一般现在时,且主语the “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes为第三人称单数,be动词用is。故填is。
7.to discover 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语used,此处应用非谓语动词, chance to do sth“做某事的机会”,本空用discover的不定式形式作定语。故填to discover。
8.absence 考查名词。本空作thanks to的宾语,应用名词absence“缺乏,没有”,不可数名词。故填absence。
9.afternoons 考查名词复数。afternoon“下午”是可数名词,此处指不止一个下午,应用复数形式afternoons。故填afternoons。
10.left 考查非谓语动词。该从句已有谓语have never experienced,此处应用非谓语动词,a sheet or shirt和leave“使处于某种状态”之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词,作后置定语。故填left。
【模拟演练】
A
[文章大意] 本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了作者通过三次在中国不同地区的旅行经历,深刻体验并赞美了中国自然景观和人文景观的壮丽。
1.visited 考查非谓语动词。句中谓语是offered,空格处用非谓语动词,destination和visit之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,因此空格处用过去分词表被动,作后置定语,故填visited。
2.anticipation 考查名词。eager是形容词,修饰名词,anticipate的名词是anticipation,意为“期待”,是不可数名词,故填anticipation。
3.elderly 考查形容词。空格处用形容词作定语,修饰Chinese man,elder(长辈)的形容词是elderly,意为“年老的”。故填elderly。
4.winding 考查非谓语动词。句中谓语是felt,空格处用非谓语动词,structure和wind之间是主谓关系,因此空格处用现在分词表主动,作后置定语,故填winding。
5.myself 考查反身代词。主语I和宾语指同一个人,用反身代词myself作宾语,故填myself。
6.a 考查冠词。local是可数名词的单数形式,此处表泛指,前面要加不定冠词,joyful是辅音音素开头,因此不定冠词用a,故填a。
7.as/when 考查时间状语从句。句子表示“当我们驶过美丽的风景时,他唱着民歌”,空格处意为“当……的时候”,用as或when引导时间状语从句,故填as/when。
8.to 考查介词。make one’s way to是固定短语,意为“前往”,因此空格处是to,故填to。
9.was forgotten 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。长途巴士之旅是被忘记,且描述过去的事情,因此用一般过去时的被动语态,主语the long bus ride是单数,因此空格处是was forgotten。故填was forgotten。
10.which 考查定语从句。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少宾语,先行词place是地方(事物),因此用which引导定语从句,故填which。
B
[文章大意] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了山东黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区的概况,包括其建立时间、保护对象、面积、鸟类种类增长情况、国际地位以及生态保护成就等内容。
1. founded 考查过去分词。此处为非谓语作后置定语,修饰名词短语Shandong Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve,动词found与其之间为逻辑上的被动关系,用过去分词形式。故填founded。
2. particularly 考查副词。此处用副词particularly(尤其,特别),在这里起到强调作用。故填particularly。
3. and 考查并列连词。根据句意可知,两个分句“The reserve covers an area of 153,000 hectares (公顷)…”和“…it is the largest…”为并列关系,用并列连词and连接。故填and。
4. the 考查定冠词。the number of是固定词组,意为“……的数量”。故填the。
5. was listed 考查时态和语态。根据last July可知,用一般过去时,且主语the migratory bird habitat与动词list之间为被动关系,用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was listed。
6. earning 考查现在分词。此处表示自然而然的结果,应用现在分词形式。故填earning。
7. to discover 考查动词不定式。“be +adj.+ to do sth”意为“因做某事而怎么样”,动词不定式表原因。故填to discover。
8. who/that 考查定语从句关系词。此句是限制性定语从句,先行词a researcher指人,关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语,用关系代词who或that引导从句。故填who/that。
9. wetlands 考查名词复数。“one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数”是固定结构,意为“最……之一”。故填wetlands。
10. environmental 考查形容词。根据并列连词and可知,用形容词environmental(环境的,环保的)与形容词ecological(生态的)并列,共同修饰名词conservation。第2讲 非谓语动词的变化
非谓语动词作状语
【高考体验】
1.[2025·浙江1月考] Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women (rent) rather than purchase them outright…
2.[2025·北京卷] When (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences.
3.[2024·浙江1月考] The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense.
4.[2024·北京卷] Just then, some kids ran at him, (knock) his books out of his arms.
5.[2023·全国乙卷] (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
【知识素养必备】
非谓语动词作状语的使用规则
①不定式作状语:
·目的状语, 是不定式最常见的功能,也可用in order to do/so as to do 结构。
· 结果状语, 常用结构有enough to do, too…to…, only to do(意料之外的结果)等。在“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”的结构中, 常用主动形式表示被动含义。
②现在分词作状语:
·句子的主语与现在分词构成逻辑上的主动关系。
·动词-ing表示现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时或几乎同时发生;having done表示先于谓语动词发生的动作。
③过去分词作状语:
·句子的主语与过去分词是逻辑上的被动关系。
·某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化, 作状语时相当于形容词作状语。常见的有:lost(迷路的), seated(坐着的), hidden(隐藏的), lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于), dressed in(穿着……服装), tired of(厌烦), faced with(面对)等。
【答题技巧点拨】
①在形容词后作状语用不定式。如:
The air there is hard to breathe.
②作目的状语首先想到不定式。如:
To catch the early bus, she got up early.
③作状语时要根据与逻辑主语的关系确定用现在分词(主动)还是过去分词(被动)。如:
The professor came into the lecture hall, followed by a group of students. (学生跟在教授后面)
The professor came into the lecture hall, following a group of students. (教授跟在学生后面)
非谓语动词作定语
【高考体验】
1.[2025·全国二卷] If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders.
2.[2025·全国二卷] Growing up, my family and our neighbours never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine…
3.[2023·浙江1月考] In the Ming Dynasty, the centre was the Forbidden City, (surround) in concentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
4.[2023·天津3月考改编] The hero’s touching story (post) online has drawn thousands of “likes” and hundreds of comments from the public.
5.[2023·天津6月考改编] The Palace Museum has the most remarkable collection of fine clocks in the world, mainly (originate) from Europe and China.
【知识素养必备】
非谓语动词作定语的使用规则
①不定式作定语:
·不定式作定语通常放在被修饰词之后, 表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间可能是主谓关系,也可能是动宾关系, 若该不定式是不及物动词, 其后应有必要的介词。
·被修饰词是抽象名词时, 用不定式作定语, 如:ability, chance, idea, excuse, promise, attempt, way, reason, moment, time, plan等。
· the first, the second, the last, the next, the only等是被修饰词或者修饰名词或代词时, 常用不定式作定语。
②动词-ing形式作定语:动词-ing形式作定语时与被修饰词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系, 表示动作的主动和进行。
③过去分词作定语:过去分词作定语时与被修饰词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系, 表示动作的被动和完成。
【答题技巧点拨】
①判断动词与被修饰词之间的关系:若是动宾关系就要用表示被动的非谓语动词(过去分词、v.-ing形式的被动式、不定式的被动式);若是主谓关系则用v.-ing形式的主动式或动词不定式的主动式。
②判断动作发生的时间:若表示将来, 用不定式;若表示动作正在进行, 用现在分词;若表示动作已经完成或结束或无特定时间意义, 用过去分词。
动宾关系
主谓关系
非谓语动词作宾语
【高考体验】
1.[2025·全国一卷] We hope (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.
2.[2025·浙江1月考] …I know that doesn’t always mean (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend…
3.[2024·全国甲卷] Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.
4.[2022·浙江1月考] That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans (continue) the practice.
5.[2021·全国甲卷] After (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action…
【知识素养必备】
非谓语动词作宾语的使用规则
①后接不定式作宾语的动词:agree, plan, demand, promise, prepare, decide, refuse, choose, wish, hope, expect, fail(未能), pretend, manage, determine, beg, arrange, threaten, claim, hesitate, happen(碰巧)等。
②后接v.-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语):admit, avoid, consider, escape, imagine, mind, miss, practise, suggest, feel like, give up, put off, object to, look forward to, can’t help等。
③接不定式与接v.-ing形式有显著区别的动词:
·try to do尽力做, try doing试着去做;
·mean to do打算做, mean doing意味着做;
·regret to do遗憾要去做, regret doing后悔做了;
·remember to do记得去做, remember doing记得做过;
·forget to do忘记去做, forget doing 忘记做过。
④动词want, need, require作“需要”讲, 且主语必须为“物”时, 其后要用v.-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动式作宾语。
⑤介词后一般要接v.-ing形式作宾语, 但介词but和except后可以接不定式作宾语, 若前有实义动词do, 不定式要省略to。
非谓语动词作宾补
【高考体验】
1.[2025·北京卷] I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone (scare).
2.[2020·全国卷Ⅱ] They make great gifts and you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
3.[2020·全国卷Ⅲ] And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
4.[2020·全国新高考 Ⅰ 卷] As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or (walk) through a rainforest.
5.[2019·江苏卷改编] China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries (recognize) its role in international affairs.
【知识素养必备】
非谓语动词作宾补的使用规则
①现在分词作宾补:
现在分词作宾补时, 句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语, 该动词与宾语之间存在主动关系, 并且现在分词作宾补强调正在进行的、主动的动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词(短语):感官动词(短语)(see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel等)、使役动词(have, get, leave, keep等)。
②过去分词作宾补:
过去分词作宾补时, 句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语, 该动词与宾语之间存在被动关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词:感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, feel等)、使役动词(have, make, get, leave, keep等)。
③不定式作宾补:
·常接带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语):advise, allow, ask, cause, command, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, invite, leave, order, permit, persuade, prefer, request, warn, wish, call on, depend on/upon等。
·常接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词:help(to可以省略,也可以保留), 使役动词(make, have, let), 感官动词。如果这些动词用于被动语态, 则to不可省略。
④with+宾语+宾补:
·with+宾语+doing(表示主动且进行)
·with+宾语+done(表示被动且完成)
·with+宾语+to do(表示主动和将来)
非谓语动词作主语和表语
【高考体验】
1.[2021·全国甲卷] It is possible (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometres.
2.[2021·全国乙卷] It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveller to become (educate) about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics…
3.[2020·全国新高考 Ⅱ 卷] These days, it is not unusual for 10- to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders (begin) computer classes.
4.[2020·北京卷] It takes them hundreds of years (break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins.
5.[2019·天津卷改编] (learn) to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future.
【知识素养必备】
①不定式与动名词作主语的区别与联系:
·不定式表示某一具体的、尤其是未发生的动作;
·动名词表示抽象的、泛指的概念;
·作主语时常用it作形式主语, 而把不定式或动名词后置。
②过去分词与现在分词作表语的区别:
·现在分词interesting, exciting, disappointing等作表语时, 意为“令人……的”, 通常修饰物或事。
·形容词化的过去分词interested, excited, disappointed等作表语时,意为“感到……的”, 通常修饰人。
[2025·全国二卷]
文体:记叙文 主题:人与自我 词数:236
I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, 1. bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and 2. (centre) heating doesn’t exist.
Nothing in my life before prepared me 3. this one—and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area. But it’s amazing how you can adapt 4. learn in a new environment. Over time, I’ve found 5. (I) feeling extremely at home here. And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes 6. (be) one of them.
Growing up, my family and our neighbours never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance 7. (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine—the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the 8. (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky 9. (afternoon) with lots of fresh air.
If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt 10. (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders.
A [2025·江苏省苏锡常镇高三一模]
文体:记叙文 主题:人与自然 词数:257
China, a land of breathtaking landscapes, has left a lasting mark on my soul through my travels. Each destination, 1. (visit) at different times, offered unique and unforgettable experience.
Last spring, I made a journey to the Great Wall, a must-go place for foreigners like me. After days of eager 2. (anticipate), I arrived at Badaling in early April. The sun started to shine through the clouds as I began my climb. An 3. (elder) Chinese man, sensing my excitement, shared tales of how his grandfather helped repair the wall in his youth. Standing on that ancient structure, 4. (wind) across mountains like a dragon, I somewhat felt a connection to history.
A few months later, in July, I found 5. (me) in Guilin. The moment I heard of its beauty, I was eager to visit it. I boarded a bamboo raft on the Li River. The owner, 6. joyful local, sang folk songs 7. we sailed through the beautiful scenery. The limestone karsts (喀斯特) rose gracefully from the water, creating a dreamy, almost otherworldly backdrop.
Finally, in October, I made my way 8. Zhangye Danxia National Geopark. The long bus ride 9. (forget) instantly as I laid eyes on the rainbow-hued rock formations. A young artist was there, drawing the scene on canvas. His passion was infectious, and I spent hours fascinated by the surreal beauty. Each place, 10. I visited at these distinct times, added a new page to my love affair with China’s landscapes.
B [2025·山东齐鲁名校高三第五次模拟]
文体:说明文 主题:人与自然 词数:245
Shandong Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve, 1. (found) in 1992, focuses on protecting the ecosystem in the Yellow River estuary (河口), 2. (particular) the rare and endangered birds that live there. The reserve covers an area of 153,000 hectares (公顷) 3. it is the largest, most complete and youngest wetland nature reserve in the warm temperature zone of China.
Over the past 30 years, 4. number of bird species in the reserve has doubled, increasing from 187 to the current 373 species. The migratory bird habitat at the Yellow River estuary in Dongying 5. (list) as a World Natural Heritage site last July during the 46th session of UNESCO’s World Heritage Committee in New Delhi.
The Yellow River estuary is a crucial site for migratory birds in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway, 6. (earn) the nickname of “international airport for birds” from global experts. It is home to 26 species of birds under national first-class protection and 65 species under national second-class protection. Researchers were excited 7. (discover) rare bird species such as the Mute Swan and the Black-faced Spoonbill living and breeding (繁殖) in the reserve this year.
Li Xingjie, a researcher 8. has been engaged in the study of the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve, said that the Yellow River estuary is one of China’s six most beautiful 9. (wetland). It serves as a successful model for 10. (environment) and ecological conservation. 训练(二十九)
A
[文章大意] 本文是一篇新闻报道,主要报道了中国国家京剧团时隔68年重返拉丁美洲,在巴西进行四场演出和一系列文化交流项目,旨在推广具有200多年历史的中国传统艺术形式——京剧。
1.to promote 考查非谓语动词。作表语,说明主语goal的具体内容,用不定式。故填to promote。
2.or 考查连词。San Cha Kou和At The Crossroads为同位语关系,表示“又名,或称”,应用连词or。故填or。
3.against/from 考查介词。protect sb from/against sth为固定短语,意为“保护某人免受某物的伤害”。故填against/from。
4.guilty 考查形容词。be guilty of为固定短语,意为“犯有……罪”。故填guilty。
5.is performed 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。此处描述客观事实,应用一般现在时,主语this piece与perform之间为被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态,主语为单数,be动词应用is。故填is performed。
6.designed 考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作定语,design与movements之间为被动关系,应用过去分词形式。故填designed。
7.quickness 考查名词。此处应用quick的名词形式quickness作demonstrating的宾语,表示“快速,敏捷”。故填quickness。
8.expects 考查动词时态和主谓一致。此处描述客观事实,应用一般现在时,主语every audience member为单数,expect应用第三人称单数形式。故填expects。
9.whom 考查定语从句。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词the audience指人,应用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。
pletely 考查副词。修饰动词shows,应用complete的副词形式completely作状语。故填completely。
B
[文章大意] 本文是一篇新闻报道,报道了中国湿地的保护和恢复工作。
1.amounting 考查非谓语动词。本句是“with+宾语+宾补”结构,amount和逻辑主语its total wetland area之间是主动关系,用现在分词形式。故填amounting。
2.restoration 考查名词。作主语,用restore的名词形式restoration。故填restoration。
3.which 考查定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是wetland ecosystems,在从句中作主语,用which引导。故填which。
4.influential 考查形容词。修饰名词,用形容词形式influential作定语。故填influential。
5.and 考查连词。根据句意可知,support 40 percent of all species和前文的provide critical services是并列关系,用and连接。故填and。
6.dramatically 考查副词。修饰形容词,用副词dramatically。故填dramatically。
7.in 考查介词。此处是固定搭配,result in意为“导致”。故填in。
8.a 考查冠词。rise意为“增长”时为可数名词,句中用的单数,要用不定冠词修饰,nearly的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
9.hosted 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词said,host用非谓语形式,根据后文的by可知,用过去分词表被动,作定语。故填hosted。
10.furthered 考查动词时态。further作本句谓语,根据时间状语last December可知,用一般过去时。故填furthered。
C
[文章大意] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了梁德颂家族对苗画艺术的传承与创新。
1.which 考查定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句,先行词Miao painting指物,关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语,应用which引导。故填which。
2.marking 考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词作状语,逗号前句子的内容与mark构成主动关系,用现在分词作状语。故填marking。
3.was forced 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。本句描述过去发生的事情,时态应用一般过去时,主语Liang与force构成被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语Liang为第三人称单数,be动词用was。故填was forced。
4.entirely 考查副词。修饰动词短语gave up,应用副词entirely“完全地”作状语。故填entirely。
5.to 考查介词。adaptable to是固定短语,意为“适应……”。故填to。
6.acceptance 考查名词。作received的宾语,应用名词acceptance。故填acceptance。
7.have flown 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据over the past years可知,fly这一动作开始于过去,持续到现在,句子时态应用现在完成时;主语orders 是复数,助动词用have。故填have flown。
8.to satisfy 考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作目的状语,应用satisfy的不定式形式。故填to satisfy。
9.partners 考查动词时态。空处和creates, offers是平行谓语,creates和offers是第三人称单数,partner也用第三人称单数。故填partners。
10.that 考查强调句。此处为强调句“It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他部分.”,被强调部分为主语her creative spirit and selfless sharing。故填that。
外刊时文2:中国元素
[文章大意] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了来自四川30多家博物馆的珍贵文物展,展示了该地区丰富多样的音乐和舞蹈遗产,让游客深入了解中国古代的宝藏。
1.where 考查定语从句。根据结构可知,此处是定语从句,从句中缺少状语,先行词为a palace。故填where。
2.priceless 考查形容词。修饰名词relics应该用形容词作定语,且根据句意,此处表示“无价的”。故填priceless。
3.area’s 考查名词所有格。修饰名词短语rich, diverse musical and dance heritage应该用名词所有格,上文提到Sichuan,所以用单数名词的所有格。故填area’s。
4.an 考查冠词。opportunity是单数可数名词且是第一次出现,用不定冠词,因invaluable的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
5.presenting 考查非谓语动词。介词后应该用动名词作宾语。故填presenting。
6.to 考查介词。固定搭配introduce sth to sb意为“向某人介绍……”。故填to。
7.their 考查代词。修饰名词应该用形容词性物主代词,因为指代 younger generations,所以用复数形式。故填their。
8.is 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句子主语是one of the most fascinating aspects,且介绍现在的情况,用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。故填is。
9.unearthed 考查非谓语动词。句中有谓语动词is,空处用非谓语形式,unearth与其逻辑主语a ceramic rattle之间是动宾关系,应用过去分词作后置定语。故填unearthed。
10.was used 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。此处指音乐在古代人们的日常生活或重大事件中的被使用情况,用一般过去时的被动语态,且music是不可数名词。故填was used。训练(二十九) 语法填空——变形词
A [2025·江苏高三下学期模拟]
文体:新闻报道 主题:人与社会 词数:221
After 68 years, the China National Peking Opera Company has returned to Latin America with four shows and a series of cultural exchange programmes, whose goal is 1. (promote) in Brazil a traditional Chinese art form which has a history of more than 200 years.
One of the shows being staged during this tour is the classic piece San Cha Kou, 2. At The Crossroads, which follows Ren Tanghui protecting Jiao Zan, a general, 3. attacks on his way to the place of exile (流放). Jiao was believed to be 4. (guilt) of a crime he had not committed.
Zhu Lingyu, a talented performer, said this piece 5. (perform) in the traditional “virtual” performance style, which means actors vividly act scenes such as walking in darkness through carefully 6. (design) movements. The fight scenes are a visual highlight, demonstrating 7. (quick).
“Every audience member going to watch Peking Opera performances 8. (expect) to witness a special and attractive show, and they never walk away disappointed,” Zhu said. “Coming here to perform in Brazil for the first time, I am very excited to see how the audience react, many of 9. may have never watched or heard of Peking Opera.” This complicated art form is vital, because it 10. (complete) shows traditional Chinese values such as loyalty and honesty.
B [2025·山东齐鲁名校教研共同体高三
第五次联考]
文体:新闻报道 主题:人与自然 词数:232
China has added over 100,000 km2 of wetlands since 2012. This is equal to adding an area the size of London every two years, with its total wetland area now 1. (amount) to more than 56 million hectares.
This 2. (restore) is part of China’s broader efforts to recover its wetland ecosystems, 3. have experienced significant improvements in their ecological conditions—more than 2,200 wetland nature reserves have been established nationwide.
Covering just 6 percent of the Earth’s land surface, wetlands are among the planet’s most 4. (influence) ecosystems. They provide critical services such as water purification, flood control, and carbon absorption 5. support 40 percent of all species, including countless plants, fish and migratory birds, according to Max Finlayson, a wetland ecologist.
Mangroves (红树林) are a specific type of wetland found in tropical and subtropical coastal regions. China’s mangrove conservation and recovery efforts have been 6. (dramatic) successful, with over 8,800 hectares planted and 8,200 hectares restored in the past five years, resulting 7. a net increase in mangrove coverage. “Now, China’s mangrove area exceeds 300 km2, 8. nearly 40 percent rise since the early 2000s,” an official said at a meeting 9. (host) by the Forestry and Grassland Administration.
Last December, China 10. (further) its commitment by establishing the International Mangrove Centre in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, aiming to promote global cooperation in mangrove conservation.
C [2025·四川绵阳高三“三诊”模拟]
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:223
Miao painting, a national intangible cultural heritage, 1. originated from Miao embroidery (刺绣) patterns from the late Qing Dynasty, has evolved into a distinctive art form thanks to the Liang Desong family in Xiangxi County, Hunan Province.
Liang Desong’s father, a well-respected local Miao painter, pioneered the application of Miao patterns directly onto clothes in place of embroidery, 2. (mark) a significant transformation from embroidery to stand-alone paintings. Liang Desong has been fond of Miao painting since his childhood. In his youth, Liang 3. (force) to leave home to take up various jobs to make a living. But he never gave up the art 4. (entire). After 2002, as the government spotlighted intangible cultural heritage, he returned home, devoted to making Miao painting more adaptable 5. modern needs. His works received 6. (accept) from scholars and experts, attracting a growing number of collectors. Orders 7. (fly) in for his creations over the past years.
Liang Jincui, Liang’s daughter, following in her father’s footsteps, employs contemporary technology 8. (satisfy) the tastes of the young. She creates related cultural products featuring Miao elements, 9. (partner) tea brands to create specially designed packaging, and offers Miao painting workshops to those eager to learn the art. It is her creative spirit and selfless sharing 10. breathe new life into this age-old art form.
外刊时文2:中国元素
【原创】 题源:http://en.chinaculture.org/a/202506/05/WS6840d3e4a310a04af22c335a.html
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:233
As visitors step into the National Centre for the Performing Arts’ exhibition hall in Beijing, they are transported to a palace 1. the sounds of ancient civilizations resonate once more.
Selected Historical Musical Relics from Sichuan brings over 200 2. (price) cultural relics from more than 30 museums to one spot.
This exhibition shows the 3. (area) rich, diverse musical and dance heritage and offers visitors a deep dive into the treasures of ancient China. It is 4. invaluable opportunity to preserve and celebrate the unique musical traditions of Sichuan, a region known for its rich cultural histories, distinctive music, and dance forms.
By 5. (present) these rare treasures, which range from ancient musical instruments to dance-themed relics, the exhibition preserves these treasures and introduces them 6. a broader audience, helping younger generations connect with and appreciate 7. (they) cultural roots.
One of the most fascinating aspects of this exhibition 8. (be)the collection of ceramic (陶器)sound instruments, which offer a unique link to the past. Among these relics is a ceramic rattle (拨浪鼓) 9. (unearth) in 1959. Dating back to the Neolithic Age, this artifact serves as a sonic connection to the music of early civilizations.
These objects provide a rare look into the musical practices of ancient peoples. Visitors can imagine how music 10. (use)in early important events and everyday life, creating a tangible connection to the past through sound. (共69张PPT)
第2讲 非谓语动词的变化
非谓语动词作状语
【高考体验】
1.[2025·浙江1月考] Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for
women ________ (rent) rather than purchase them outright…
to rent
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知,空格处需要填入不定式
to rent,表示目的,说明女性消费者租赁服装而不是直接购买。
2.[2025·北京卷] When __________ (travel), we engage with
cultures and experiences.
travelling
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。句子主语we与travel之间是主动关系，用现
在分词，构成“when+现在分词”的状语从句省略结构。故填travelling。
3.[2024·浙江1月考] The shelves in most supermarkets are full of
family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you're shopping
for one, buying extra __________ (benefit) from price reductions
doesn't make sense.
to benefit
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。根据buying extra和from price reductions
可知,此处是指多买一件来享受降价,所以应用不定式作目的状语。故
填to benefit。
4.[2024·北京卷] Just then, some kids ran at him, _________
(knock) his books out of his arms.
knocking
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语ran,空处应填非谓语动
词,knock与逻辑主语some kids之间是主动关系,应用现在分词形式
knocking作状语。故填knocking。
5.[2023·全国乙卷] ______________ (visit) several times over the
last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new,
and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产)
while constantly growing.
Having visited
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。本空在句中作状语,动词visit和句子主语I之
间为逻辑上的主动关系,且根据空后时间状语over the last 10 years
可知,应用现在完成时,故本空应用现在分词的完成式,表示“主动和完
成”。故填Having visited。
【知识素养必备】
非谓语动词作状语的使用规则
①不定式作状语:
目的状语, 是不定式最常见的功能,也可用in order to do/so as to
do 结构。
结果状语, 常用结构有enough to do, too…to…, only to do
(意料之外的结果)等。在“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”的结构中, 常
用主动形式表示被动含义。
②现在分词作状语:
句子的主语与现在分词构成逻辑上的主动关系。
动词-ing表示现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时或几乎同时发
生;having done表示先于谓语动词发生的动作。
③过去分词作状语:
句子的主语与过去分词是逻辑上的被动关系。
某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化, 作状语时相当于形容词作状语。
常见的有:lost(迷路的), seated(坐着的), hidden(隐藏的),
lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于), dressed in(穿着……服装), tired
of(厌烦), faced with(面对)等。
【答题技巧点拨】
①在形容词后作状语用不定式。如:
The air there is hard to breathe.
②作目的状语首先想到不定式。如:
To catch the early bus, she got up early.
③作状语时要根据与逻辑主语的关系确定用现在分词(主动)还是过去
分词(被动)。如:
The professor came into the lecture hall, followed by a group
of students. (学生跟在教授后面)
The professor came into the lecture hall, following a group of
students. (教授跟在学生后面)
非谓语动词作定语
【高考体验】
1.[2025·全国二卷] If you've never experienced the “sunshine
scent” from a sheet or shirt ____ (leave) to sun for a day, well,
you're missing out on one of life's wonders.
left
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。从句已有谓语have never experienced,此
处应用非谓语动词,a sheet or shirt和leave“使处于某种状态”之间是
逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词,作后置定语。故填left。
2.[2025·全国二卷] Growing up, my family and our neighbours
never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance
____________ (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine…
to discover
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。chance to do sth是习惯搭配，意为“做某
事的机会”,应用不定式to discover作后置定语。故填to discover。
3.[2023·浙江1月考] In the Ming Dynasty, the centre was the
Forbidden City, ____________ (surround) in concentric(同心的)
circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
surrounded
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,was是谓语动词,空格处
需要填非谓语动词作后置定语,逻辑主语the Forbidden City和
surround之间是动宾关系,需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。
4.[2023·天津3月考改编] The hero's touching story ________ (post)
online has drawn thousands of “likes” and hundreds of
comments from the public.
posted
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词,所以空处用非谓语动词
形式。post 和名词story 是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以空处用过去分词
作定语。
5.[2023·天津6月考改编] The Palace Museum has the most
remarkable collection of fine clocks in the world, mainly
___________ (originate) from Europe and China.
originating
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。句中有谓语has,前后无连词,此处应用非谓
语动词作后置定语,修饰fine clocks,且动词originate(源于)和fine
clocks是主动关系,应用现在分词作后置定语。
【知识素养必备】
非谓语动词作定语的使用规则
①不定式作定语:
不定式作定语通常放在被修饰词之后, 表示将来的动作。不定式与
其所修饰的词之间可能是主谓关系,也可能是动宾关系, 若该不定式
是不及物动词, 其后应有必要的介词。
被修饰词是抽象名词时, 用不定式作定语, 如:ability, chance, idea,
excuse, promise, attempt, way, reason, moment, time, plan等。
the first, the second, the last, the next, the only等是被修饰词或
者修饰名词或代词时, 常用不定式作定语。
②动词-ing形式作定语:动词-ing形式作定语时与被修饰词之间为逻
辑上的主谓关系, 表示动作的主动和进行。
③过去分词作定语:过去分词作定语时与被修饰词之间为逻辑上的动
宾关系, 表示动作的被动和完成。
【答题技巧点拨】
①判断动词与被修饰词之间的关系:若是动宾关系就要用表示被动的
非谓语动词(过去分词、v.-ing形式的被动式、不定式的被动式);若是
主谓关系则用v.-ing形式的主动式或动词不定式的主动式。
②判断动作发生的时间:若表示将来, 用不定式;若表示动作正在进行, 用
现在分词;若表示动作已经完成或结束或无特定时间意义, 用过去分词。
完成或结束或无特定时间→done
正在进行→being done
将来→to be done
进行→v.-ing
将来→to do
动宾关系
主谓关系
非谓语动词作宾语
【高考体验】
1.[2025·全国一卷] We hope ___________ (present) the rather
abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate
dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.
to present
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。hope to do sth是固定搭配，意为“希望做
某事”, 应用动词不定式作宾语。故填to present。
2.[2025·浙江1月考] …I know that doesn't always mean
__________ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special
weekend…
returning
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。mean此处指“意味着”,mean doing sth是习
惯搭配，应用动名词作宾语。故填returning。
3.[2024·全国甲卷] Although parks of all sizes and types exist at
any level, the national parks, in particular, tend _________ (catch)
our attention because of their large size and variety.
to catch
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。固定搭配tend to do sth表示“倾向于做某
事”,不定式作宾语,故填to catch。
4.[2022·浙江1月考] That approach brought Cobb's air travel last
year down by 75%, and she plans ____________ (continue) the
practice.
to continue
[解析] 考查不定式作宾语。动词plans后面跟动词不定式,plan to do
sth意为“计划做某事”。
5.[2021·全国甲卷] After __________ (spend) some time looking at
all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time
for some action…
spending
[解析] 考查动名词作宾语。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语,故
此处用动名词作介词after的宾语。
【知识素养必备】
非谓语动词作宾语的使用规则
①后接不定式作宾语的动词:agree, plan, demand, promise,
prepare, decide, refuse, choose, wish, hope, expect, fail(未能),
pretend, manage, determine, beg, arrange, threaten, claim,
hesitate, happen(碰巧)等。
②后接v.-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语):admit, avoid, consider,
escape, imagine, mind, miss, practise, suggest, feel like, give up,
put off, object to, look forward to, can't help等。
③接不定式与接v.-ing形式有显著区别的动词:
try to do尽力做, try doing试着去做;
mean to do打算做, mean doing意味着做;
regret to do遗憾要去做, regret doing后悔做了;
remember to do记得去做, remember doing记得做过;
forget to do忘记去做, forget doing 忘记做过。
④动词want, need, require作“需要”讲, 且主语必须为“物”时, 其后要
用v.-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动式作宾语。
⑤介词后一般要接v.-ing形式作宾语, 但介词but和except后可以接不
定式作宾语, 若前有实义动词do, 不定式要省略to。
非谓语动词作宾补
【高考体验】
1.[2025·北京卷] I sometimes call him back, worried that he
might have someone _______ (scare).
scared
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处是have sb done结构，表示“使某人
被……”，someone与scare之间是被动关系，即某人被吓到，用过去
分词作宾语补足语。故填scared。
2.[2020·全国卷Ⅱ] They make great gifts and you see them
many times __________ (decorate) with red envelopes and
messages of good fortune.
decorated
[解析] 考查过去分词作宾补。see sth done意为“看到某物被……”,
此处用过去分词作宾语补足语。
3.[2020·全国卷Ⅲ] And when he saw the mists rising from the
river and the soft clouds ____________ (surround) the mountain
tops, he was reduced to tears.
surrounding
[解析] 考查现在分词作宾补。分析句子结构可知,从句中的saw是谓
语,the mists与the soft clouds是平行宾语,空处应与rising构成平行宾
语补足语。
4.[2020·全国新高考Ⅰ卷] As well as looking at exhibits, visitors
can play with computer simulations(模拟) and imagine
themselves living at a different time in history or ________ (walk)
through a rainforest.
walking
[解析] 考查现在分词作宾补。空处与living是并列成分,共同作宾语补
足语。imagine sb doing sth意为“想象某人做某事”。
5.[2019·江苏卷改编] China's image is improving steadily, with
more countries ____________ (recognize) its role in international
affairs.
recognizing
[解析] 考查现在分词作宾补。此处宾语more countries与recognize
之间是主动关系,故用现在分词作宾补。
【知识素养必备】
非谓语动词作宾补的使用规则
①现在分词作宾补:
现在分词作宾补时, 句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语, 该动词与宾语
之间存在主动关系, 并且现在分词作宾补强调正在进行的、主动的动
作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词(短语):感官动词(短语)
(see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel等)、使
役动词(have, get, leave, keep等)。
②过去分词作宾补:
过去分词作宾补时, 句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语, 该动词与宾语
之间存在被动关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词:感官动词
(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, feel等)、使役动词(have, make,
get, leave, keep等)。
③不定式作宾补:
常接带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语):advise, allow, ask, cause,
command, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, invite, leave,
order, permit, persuade, prefer, request, warn, wish, call on,
depend on/upon等。
常接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词:help(to可以省略,也可以保留), 使
役动词(make, have, let), 感官动词。如果这些动词用于被动语态,
则to不可省略。
④with+宾语+宾补:
with+宾语+doing(表示主动且进行)
with+宾语+done(表示被动且完成)
with+宾语+to do(表示主动和将来)
非谓语动词作主语和表语
【高考体验】
1.[2021·全国甲卷] It is possible ________ (walk) or bike the
entire 14 kilometres.
to walk
[解析] 考查不定式作主语。“It is+形容词+to do…”是固定句型,it作
形式主语,不定式作真正的主语。
2.[2021·全国乙卷] It is different from traditional tourism because
it allows the traveller to become __________ (educate) about the
areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural
characteristics…
educated
[解析] 考查过去分词作表语。此处指人接受到教育,become为系动
词,此处用过去分词作表语。
3.[2020·全国新高考Ⅱ卷] These days, it is not unusual for 10-
to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second
and third graders _________ (begin) computer classes.
to begin
[解析] 考查不定式作主语。此处为“It is+adj.+for sb to do sth.”结
构,该结构中it作形式主语,真正的主语为动词不定式。
4.[2020·北京卷] It takes them hundreds of years _________
(break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where
larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins.
to break
[解析] 考查不定式作主语。固定句型:“It takes sb/sth+一段时间+to
do sth.”(花某人/物多长时间做某事。),此处用动词不定式作真正的主
语,it为形式主语。
5.[2019·天津卷改编] _________ (learn) to think critically is an
important skill today's children will need for the future.
Learning
[解析] 考查动名词作主语。分析句子可知,句子缺少主语,故用动名词
作主语。
【知识素养必备】
①不定式与动名词作主语的区别与联系:
不定式表示某一具体的、尤其是未发生的动作;
动名词表示抽象的、泛指的概念;
作主语时常用it作形式主语, 而把不定式或动名词后置。
②过去分词与现在分词作表语的区别:
现在分词interesting, exciting, disappointing等作表语时, 意为“令
人……的”, 通常修饰物或事。
形容词化的过去分词interested, excited, disappointed等作表语时,
意为“感到……的”, 通常修饰人。
[2025·全国二卷]
文体:记叙文 主题:人与自我 词数:236
I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United
States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with
my Chinese husband and his family, 1. _______ bamboo and tea
bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always
free-range, and 2. ________ (centre) heating doesn't exist.
Nothing in my life before prepared me 3. ____ this one—
and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I
where
central
for
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
would ever feel comfortable in this area. But it's amazing how
you can adapt 4. _____ learn in a new environment. Over time,
I've found 5. _______ (I) feeling extremely at home here. And in
the process, I've experienced things that really surprise me at
times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes
6. ___ (be) one of them.
Growing up, my family and our neighbours never used
clotheslines to dry clothing， denying me the chance 7.
____________ (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine—
and
myself
is
to discover
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire
day. The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live,
thanks to the 8. _________ (absent) of smog and plenty of blue
sky 9. ___________ (afternoon) with lots of fresh air.
If you've never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a
sheet or shirt 10. ____ (leave) to sun for a day， well, you're
missing out on one of life's wonders.
［文章大意］ 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从美国到中
国浙江农村生活的经历与感受。
absence
afternoons
left
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1. _______
where
[解析] 考查定语从句。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the
countryside of Zhejiang，China，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地
点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
2. ________
central
[解析] 考查形容词。本空修饰名词heating，应用形容词central“中央
的，中心的”，作定语。故填central。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3. ____
for
[解析] 考查介词。prepare sb for…“使某人为……做好准备”是固定
搭配。故填for。
4. _____
and
[解析] 考查连词。adapt和learn是并列关系，应用连词and连接。故
填and。
5. _______
myself
[解析] 考查反身代词。本空指代主语I，表示“我自己”，应用反身代
词myself。故填myself。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
6. ___
is
[解析] 考查动词时态和主谓一致。本句描述的是一般事实，时态用
一般现在时，且主语the “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned
clothes为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is。
7. ____________
to discover
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语used，此处应用非谓语动词，
chance to do sth“做某事的机会”,本空用discover的不定式形式作定
语。故填to discover。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8. _________
absence
[解析] 考查名词。本空作thanks to的宾语，应用名词absence“缺乏，
没有”，不可数名词。故填absence。
9. ___________
afternoons
[解析] 考查名词复数。afternoon“下午”是可数名词，此处指不止一
个下午，应用复数形式afternoons。故填afternoons。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
10. ____
left
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。该从句已有谓语have never experienced，
此处应用非谓语动词，a sheet or shirt和leave“使处于某种状态”之
间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填left。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
A [2025·江苏省苏锡常镇高三一模]
文体:记叙文 主题:人与自然 词数:257
China, a land of breathtaking landscapes, has left a lasting
mark on my soul through my travels. Each destination,
1. _______ (visit) at different times, offered unique and
unforgettable experience.
Last spring, I made a journey to the Great Wall, a must-go
place for foreigners like me. After days of eager 2. ____________
(anticipate), I arrived at Badaling in early April. The sun started
visited
anticipation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
to shine through the clouds as I began my climb. An 3. _______
(elder) Chinese man, sensing my excitement, shared tales of how
his grandfather helped repair the wall in his youth. Standing on
that ancient structure, 4. _________ (wind) across mountains like
a dragon, I somewhat felt a connection to history.
A few months later, in July, I found 5. _______ (me) in Guilin.
The moment I heard of its beauty, I was eager to visit it. I
boarded a bamboo raft on the Li River. The owner, 6. ___ joyful
local, sang folk songs 7. _________ we sailed through the
elderly
winding
myself
a
as/when
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
beautiful scenery. The limestone karsts (喀斯特) rose gracefully
from the water, creating a dreamy, almost otherworldly backdrop.
Finally, in October, I made my way 8. ____ Zhangye Danxia
National Geopark. The long bus ride 9. ______________ (forget)
instantly as I laid eyes on the rainbow-hued rock formations. A
young artist was there, drawing the scene on canvas. His
passion was infectious, and I spent hours fascinated by the
surreal beauty. Each place, 10. _______ I visited at these distinct
times, added a new page to my love affair with China's
landscapes.
to
was forgotten
which
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
［文章大意］本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者通过三次在中国
不同地区的旅行经历，深刻体验并赞美了中国自然景观和人文景观
的壮丽。
1. _______
visited
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。句中谓语是offered，空格处用非谓语动词，
destination和visit之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词
表被动，作后置定语，故填visited。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2. ____________
anticipation
[解析] 考查名词。eager是形容词，修饰名词，anticipate的名词是
anticipation，意为“期待”，是不可数名词，故填anticipation。
3. _______
elderly
[解析] 考查形容词。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰Chinese man，
elder(长辈)的形容词是elderly，意为“年老的”。故填elderly。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4. _________
winding
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。句中谓语是felt，空格处用非谓语动词，
structure和wind之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，
作后置定语，故填winding。
5. _______
myself
[解析] 考查反身代词。主语I和宾语指同一个人，用反身代词myself
作宾语，故填myself。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
6. ___
a
[解析] 考查冠词。local是可数名词的单数形式，此处表泛指，前面
要加不定冠词，joyful是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。
7. _________
as/when
[解析] 考查时间状语从句。句子表示“当我们驶过美丽的风景时，他
唱着民歌”，空格处意为“当……的时候”，用as或when引导时间状语
从句，故填as/when。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8. ____
to
[解析] 考查介词。make one's way to是固定短语，意为“前往”，因
此空格处是to，故填to。
9. ______________
was forgotten
[解析] 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。长途巴士之旅是被忘记,且
描述过去的事情,因此用一般过去时的被动语态,主语the long bus
ride是单数,因此空格处是was forgotten。故填was forgotten。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
10. _______
which
[解析] 考查定语从句。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句,从句中缺
少宾语,先行词place是地方(事物),因此用which引导定语从句,故填
which。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
B[2025·山东齐鲁名校高三第五次模拟]
文体:说明文 主题:人与自然 词数:245
Shandong Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve,
1. _________ (found) in 1992, focuses on protecting the ecosystem
in the Yellow River estuary (河口), 2. ___________ (particular) the
rare and endangered birds that live there. The reserve covers an
area of 153,000 hectares (公顷) 3. _____ it is the largest, most
complete and youngest wetland nature reserve in the warm
temperature zone of China.
founded
particularly
and
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Over the past 30 years, 4. ____ number of bird species in
the reserve has doubled, increasing from 187 to the current 373
species. The migratory bird habitat at the Yellow River estuary in
Dongying 5. __________ (list) as a World Natural Heritage site
last July during the 46th session of UNESCO's World Heritage
Committee in New Delhi.
The Yellow River estuary is a crucial site for migratory birds
in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway, 6. ________ (earn) the
nickname of “international airport for birds” from global experts.
the
was listed
earning
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
It is home to 26 species of birds under national first-class
protection and 65 species under national second-class protection.
Researchers were excited 7. ____________ (discover) rare bird
species such as the Mute Swan and the Black-faced Spoonbill
living and breeding (繁殖) in the reserve this year.
Li Xingjie, a researcher 8. _________ has been engaged in
the study of the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve,
said that the Yellow River estuary is one of China's six most
beautiful 9. _________ (wetland). It serves as a successful model
for 10. ______________ (environment) and ecological conservation.
to discover
who/that
wetlands
environmental
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［文章大意］本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了山东黄河三角洲国家
级自然保护区的概况，包括其建立时间、保护对象、面积、鸟类种
类增长情况、国际地位以及生态保护成就等内容。
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1. _________
founded
[解析] 考查过去分词。此处为非谓语作后置定语，修饰名词短语
Shandong Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve，动词
found与其之间为逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填
founded。
2. ___________
particularly
[解析] 考查副词。此处用副词particularly(尤其，特别)，在这里起到
强调作用。故填particularly。
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3. _____
and
[解析] 考查并列连词。根据句意可知，两个分句“The reserve
covers an area of 153,000 hectares (公顷)…”和“…it is the
largest…”为并列关系，用并列连词and连接。故填and。
4. ____
the
[解析] 考查定冠词。the number of是固定词组，意为“……的数量”。
故填the。
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5. __________
was listed
[解析] 考查时态和语态。根据last July可知，用一般过去时，且主语
the migratory bird habitat与动词list之间为被动关系，用一般过去
时的被动语态。故填was listed。
6. ________
earning
[解析] 考查现在分词。此处表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词形
式。故填earning。
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7. ____________
to discover
[解析] 考查动词不定式。“be +adj.+ to do sth”意为“因做某事而怎
么样”，动词不定式表原因。故填to discover。
8. _________
who/that
[解析] 考查定语从句关系词。此句是限制性定语从句，先行词a
researcher指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词
who或that引导从句。故填who/that。
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9. _________
wetlands
[解析] 考查名词复数。“one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数”是固
定结构，意为“最……之一”。故填wetlands。
10. ______________
environmental
[解析] 考查形容词。根据并列连词and可知，用形容词
environmental(环境的，环保的)与形容词ecological(生态的)并列，共
同修饰名词conservation。
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专题导读
考点1 非谓语动词作状语
【高考体验】
1.to rent 2.travelling 3.to benefit 4.knocking
5.Having visited
考点2 非谓语动词作定语
【高考体验】
1.left 2.to discover 3.surrounded 4.posted 5.originating
考点3 非谓语动词作宾语
【高考体验】
1.to present 2.returning 3.to catch 4.to continue
5.spending
考点4 非谓语动词作宾补
【高考体验】
1.scared 2.decorated 3.surrounding 4.walking
5.recognizing
考点5 非谓语动词作主语和表语
【高考体验】
1.to walk 2.educated 3.to begin 4.to break 5.Learning
真题典例
1.where 2.central 3.for 4.and 5.myself 6.is 7.to discover
8.absence 9.afternoons 10.left
模拟演练
A
1.visited 2.anticipation 3.elderly 4.winding 5.myself 6.a
7.as/when 8.to 9.was forgotten 10.which
B
1.founded 2.particularly 3.and 4.the 5.was listed 6.earning
7.to discover 8.who/that 9.wetlands 10.environmental
