第3讲 名词、形容词和副词
考点1 词形转化(词性、词义、词格、词数、词级)
A 动词转化为名词
1. guidance 考查名词。作动词follow的宾语,用guide的名词guidance“引导”,且为不可数名词。故填guidance。
2. solution 考查名词。作providing的宾语,应用名词solution,根据a可知表示“一种解决方案”,故填solution。
3.completion 考查动词转化成名词。冠词修饰名词,本空应填名词作宾语,complete的名词形式为completion,此处意为“结束”,不可数,故填completion。
4.criticism 考查动词转化成名词。根据“…that they lead to waste.”可知,此处应用名词criticism“批评”,作宾语。故填criticism。
5.warning 考查动词转化成名词。根据前文的a和形容词weighty可知,此处用单数名词warning。
B 形容词转化为名词
1. visibility 考查形容词转化成名词。形容词international后接名词形式,visibility“知名度”为不可数名词。故填visibility。
2. self-awareness 考查形容词转化成名词。空处作介词of的宾语,应用名词self-awareness。a sense of self-awareness表示“自我意识”。故填self-awareness。
3. independence 考查形容词转化成名词。句中means是及物动词,作means的宾语应用independent的名词形式independence,表示“独立”。
4. accuracy 考查形容词转化成名词。空处作主语,位于形容词historical之后,应使用名词,意为“历史的准确性”。
5. curiosity 考查形容词转化成名词。with为介词,后跟名词curiosity作宾语。
C 名词、动词转化为形容词
1. strategic 考查形容词。根据被修饰名词placement可知,用strategy的形容词strategic“战略性的,策略的”作定语。故填strategic。
2. central 考查形容词。修饰名词heating,应用形容词central“中央的,中心的”作定语。故填central。
3. functional 考查名词转化成形容词。空处修饰名词structure,应用形容词functional作定语。故填functional。
4. closed 考查动词转化成形容词。空处用于stays之后作表语,应用形容词closed,表示“关闭的”。故填closed。
5. Different 考查名词向形容词的转化。此处是形容词短语作状语,其逻辑主语和句子的主语一致,都是Carson’s story;be different from意为“与……不同”。故填Different。
6. remarkable 考查名词向形容词的转化。本空修饰名词development,故应用形容词remarkable作定语,意为“非凡的,引人注目的”。
D 形容词转化为副词
1. originally 考查形容词向副词的转化。空格处修饰动词meaning,需要填副词形式。
2. roughly 考查形容词向副词的转化。此处表示“大约200个科研人员”,故填roughly。
3. undoubtedly 考查形容词向副词的转化。空处修饰动词help,应用undoubted的副词形式。
4. extremely 考查形容词向副词的转化。空处修饰形容词challenging,应使用extreme的副词形式。
考点2 名词的“数”和“格”
1. times 考查名词复数。time表示“次数”时是可数名词,根据“…wear more clothes fewer…”可知,用名词复数times,表示重复穿一件衣服的次数较少。故填times。
2. people’s 考查名词的所有格形式。根据语境“人们的生活”可确定people和lives是所属关系,应用名词所有格people’s。故填people’s。
3.favourites 考查名词复数。favourite是可数名词,意为“特别受喜爱的东西”,根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知,空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favourites。
4. themes 考查名词复数。本句为there be句型,根据谓语动词are可判断,本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。
5. treasures 考查名词复数。treasure表示“宝藏”,为可数名词,结合前文they are可知应用复数形式,故填treasures。
6. boundaries 考查名词复数。句中boundary是可数名词,表示“界限”,根据空后in our personal and professional life可知,此处表示不止一个界限,名词应用复数形式boundaries。故填boundaries。
考点3 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
1. longer 考查比较级。此处表示“稍微多睡一会儿”,应用比较级longer,表示“更久”。故填longer。
2. largest 考查形容词最高级。根据句意及本空前的the可知,用large的最高级largest作定语,故填largest。
3. simpler 考查形容词比较级。根据句子结构和and可知,空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler。
4. highest 考查形容词最高级。根据空前Africa’s可知,此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉,用形容词最高级。故填highest。
5. hotter 考查形容词的比较级。此处为“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构,意为“越……,越……”。
【真题典例】
A
[文章大意] 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了衣物租赁服务在澳大利亚的兴起及其对经济和环境的影响,强调这一新兴时尚方式不仅减少了浪费,还让消费者能够以更低的成本享受时尚。
1.a 考查冠词。根据句子中的new way of dressing可以判断,空格处需要一个不定冠词,泛指一个新兴的穿衣方式,且new以辅音音素开头,需使用不定冠词a。
2.times 考查名词复数。根据“…wear more clothes fewer…”可以推断,这里需要填入名词复数times,表示重复穿一件衣服的次数较少。
3.on/upon 考查固定搭配。根据句子结构可知,focus后通常会接介词on或upon来引出关注的对象。
4.and 考查连词。根据句子结构可知,前后两个句子是并列关系,表达的是顾客有独特的衣服穿,并且他们不会让衣橱堆满,或者增加垃圾填埋场的负担。因此,连接这两个并列分句应使用and。
5.to rent 考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知,空格处需要填入不定式to rent,表示目的,说明女性消费者租赁服装而不是直接购买。
6.solution 考查名词。根据句意可知,这里需要一个名词作宾语,表示一种解决方案,且a指明它是单数形式。
7.is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句子主语the concept是单数形式,且语境提示此处是对事实的描述,因此需要使用一般现在时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
8.which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词clothing,指物,关系词在从句中作package 和offer的宾语,因此需用关系代词which引导定语从句。
9.people’s 考查名词的所有格形式。空格后的lives是复数形式,此处表示“人们的生活”,因此需要填入所有格形式people’s。
10.returning 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,mean在此处指“意味着”,mean doing sth是固定搭配,故空格处需要填入v.-ing形式。
B
[文章大意] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国明代戏曲家汤显祖与英国戏剧家莎士比亚之间的联系和共同点,并说明了这种联系如何在莎士比亚的故乡斯特拉特福被纪念和展示,以及这种联系对于提高斯特拉特福国际知名度的重要性。
1.who 考查定语从句。此处为定语从句的关系词,先行词为Tang Xianzu,指人,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语。故填who。
2.themes 考查名词复数。本句为there be句型,根据谓语动词are可判断,本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。
3.were 考查动词时态和主谓一致。此处为本句谓语动词,根据句意以及定语从句“…that Tang was writing about…”的时态可知,本句时态为一般过去时;主语为some of the things,谓语动词用复数形式。故填were。
4.to 考查介词。固定短语be similar to意为“和……相似”,符合句意。故填to。
5.inspired 考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语,被修饰词a six-metre-tall pavilion和动词inspire之间为被动关系,用过去分词形式。故填inspired。
6.was built 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。此处为本句谓语动词,根据上文时间状语in 2017和two years later可知,本句时态为一般过去时;主语为a six-metre-tall pavilion,故谓语动词用单数形式;动词build和主语之间为被动关系,故用被动语态。故填was built。
7.visibility 考查名词。形容词international后接名词,visibility意为“知名度”,为不可数名词。故填visibility。
8.to find 考查非谓语动词。此处考查“主语+be动词+adj.+不定式”结构。故填to find。
9.Recalling 考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作状语,主语Edmondson和动词recall之间为主动关系,用现在分词形式;单词出现在句首,首字母大写。故填Recalling。
10.and 考查连词。空前to hear the Chinese language和空后see how Tang’s play was being performed为并列的不定式短语,see前省略了to。故填and。
【模拟演练】
A
[文章大意] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国烹饪的艺术性、标准、对营养的重视以及药膳的制作和全球认可。
1. an 考查冠词。此处泛指“一门艺术形式”,且art以元音音素开头,应用不定冠词an。故填an。
2. is judged 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句子描述的是一般事实,时态应用一般现在时,主语Chinese cooking 和judge“评判”之间是被动关系,用一般现在时的被动语态,主语是第三人称单数,be动词应用is。故填is judged。
3. to 考查介词。attach importance to是固定短语,意为“重视”。故填to。
4. processed 考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词,且herbs和process“处理”之间是被动关系,应用过去分词作定语。故填processed。
5. and 考查连词。plants, roots, herbs和seeds之间是并列关系,应用and连接。故填and。
6. improperly 考查副词。修饰动词cooked,应用副词improperly“不当地”作状语。故填improperly。
7. which 考查定语从句。此处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词ginger指物,关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语,应用which引导。故填which。
8. to relieve 考查非谓语动词。a method to do sth表示“做某事的方法”。故填to relieve。
9. possessing 考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词,each和possess“拥有”之间是主动关系,应用现在分词,与each构成独立主格结构。故填possessing。
10. recognition 考查名词。此处作gaining的宾语,应用名词recognition“认可”。故填recognition。
B
[文章大意] 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了在北京城市图书馆举办的一场北京民歌鉴赏活动。
1. where 考查定语从句。此句是非限制性定语从句,先行词the Beijing Library在从句中作地点状语,故用where。故填where。
2. Titled 考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语作状语,title与the event构成被动关系,用过去分词作状语,位于句首首字母大写。故填Titled。
3. geographical/geographic 考查形容词。修饰名词environments用形容词geographical或geographic作定语。故填geographical/geographic。
4. has 考查时态和主谓一致。陈述事实用一般现在时,主语为North China,谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填has。
5. to show 考查非谓语动词。seek to do sth是固定用法,意为“试图做某事,力求做某事”。故填to show。
6. developing 考查非谓语动词。句子中while引导的是一个时间状语从句的省略形式。当从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句中含有be动词时,可省略从句的主语和be动词。主语the event和从句中逻辑上的主语一致,the event与develop(发展,培养)之间是主动关系,即“活动(主动)培养出温暖和联结感”,所以要用现在分词形式。故填developing。
7. performance 考查名词。此处作delivered的宾语,结合不定冠词an可知,此处用单数名词performance。故填performance。
8. representatives 考查名词复数。此处为名词作宾语,representative“代表”是可数名词,根据后文from the audience who will visit the birthplaces of folk songs可知,用复数形式。故填representatives。
9. and 考查连词。visit the birthplaces of folk songs, conduct on-site investigations和interact with folk song singers, promoters, and researchers是并列关系,用连词and。故填and。
10. a 考查冠词。journey为泛指,应用不定冠词修饰,且unique是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。第3讲 名词、形容词和副词
词形转化(词性、词义、词格、词数、词级)
A 动词转化为名词
【高考体验】
1.[2025·全国一卷] “You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘ (guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition.
2.[2025·浙江1月考] …providing a less expensive (solve) to one-time event dressing.
3.[2024·全国甲卷] They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the (complete) of their journey.
4.[2024·浙江1月考] Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the (criticize) that they lead to waste.
5.[2023·全国甲卷] However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty (warn) about environmental destruction.
【知识素养必备】
动词转化为名词的后缀
后缀 例词
-tion/-sion celebrate→celebration庆祝;庆祝活动 conclude→conclusion结论;结束 admit→admission承认;准许进入
-er/-or announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥;售票员
-ment achieve→achievement功绩;成就 argue→argument辩论;论据(*注意去掉e)
-ance/-ence appear→appearance出现;外貌 exist→existence存在;生活方式 prefer→preference偏爱
-ure fail→failure失败;倒闭 press→pressure压力
-ing hear→hearing听力;听觉 begin→beginning开始
-ry recover→recovery恢复;痊愈 discover→discovery发现
其他 choose→choice选择 vary→variety多样化;种类 tend→tendency趋向;趋势
B 形容词转化为名词
【高考体验】
1.[2024·新课标Ⅱ卷] Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers.
2.[2024·北京卷] Taking the time to rest allows us to develop a deeper sense of (self-aware).
3.[2022·浙江6月考] For Luc, this means (independent). “The feeling of being able to see it and to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.”
4.[2020·全国新高考Ⅰ卷] Historical (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
5.[2020·全国卷Ⅲ] Filled with (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
【知识素养必备】
形容词转化为名词的后缀
后缀 例词
-age short→shortage不足;短缺
-cy efficient→efficiency效率;功效 fluent→fluency流利;流畅 accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私;私密
-dom free→freedom自由 wise→wisdom明智;智慧
-ence different→difference差异 silent→silence沉默
-ness weak→weakness虚弱;弱点 kind→kindness仁慈 careless→carelessness粗心大意
-th strong→strength力气;强项 wide→width 宽度
-ty safe→safety安全 responsible→responsibility责任 honest→honesty诚实 difficult→difficulty困难
C 名词、动词转化为形容词
【高考体验】
1.[2025·全国一卷] …the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the (strategy) placement of the pieces…
2.[2025·全国二卷] …chickens are always free-range, and (centre) heating doesn’t exist.
3.[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷] The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective (function) structure that is also beautiful.
4.[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷] In cold weather,the structure stays (close) to protect the plants.
5.[2023·全国甲卷] (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
6.[2023·全国乙卷] The (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world…
【知识素养必备】
名词、动词转化为形容词的后缀
后缀 例词
-able accept→acceptable可接受的 reason→reasonable合乎情理的
-al origin→original最初的 nature→natural自然的;天生的
-ful doubt→doubtful怀疑的 forget→forgetful健忘的
-ed scare→scared感到恐惧的 confuse→confused感到困惑的
-ing surprise→surprising令人吃惊的 convince→convincing令人信服的
-ible access→accessible可进入的 horror→horrible讨厌的;恐怖的
-ive attract→attractive有吸引力的 impress→impressive给人深刻印象的
-ous continue→continuous不断的;持续的 anxiety→anxious忧虑的 caution→cautious小心的;谨慎的 curiosity→curious好奇的
-some tire→tiresome令人厌烦的 trouble→troublesome引起麻烦的
-y taste→tasty美味的;可口的 wealth→wealthy富裕的;富有的
-ern east→eastern东方的;向东的
-ish child→childish孩子气的 self→selfish自私的
D 形容词转化为副词
【高考体验】
1.[2023·浙江1月考] The term “hutong”, (original) meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
2.[2022·浙江1月考] On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, (rough) 200 academics—many of them climate scientists…
3.[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] It will (undoubted) help you get refreshed!
4.[2020·全国卷Ⅰ] Landing on the moon’s far side is (extreme) challenging.
【知识素养必备】
形容词转化为副词的规则
类别 例词
直接加-ly clear→clearly清楚地 definite→definitely当然, 确切地
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词, 变y为i再加-ly happy→happily高兴地 heavy→heavily沉重地
词尾为-le的形容词去掉e, 再加-y (whole例外,whole→wholly 完全地) terrible→terribly非常;很 gentle→gently温和地 possible→possibly 可能地
词尾为-ue的形容词, 去掉e, 再加-ly true→truly真实地 due→duly 适当地;按时地
词尾为-ll的形容词, 直接加-y full→fully充分地;完全地 dull→dully迟钝地
词尾为-ic的形容词, 加-ally(public例外,public→publicly公开地) basic→basically主要地, 基本上 economic→economically 经济地 scientific→scientifically合乎科学地
名词的“数”和“格”
【高考体验】
1.[2025·浙江1月考] As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular.
2.[2025·浙江1月考] I really want to make this work for (people) lives today…
3.[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷] These plants included modern Western (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
4.[2024·新课标Ⅱ卷] Although they could never have met, there are common (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
5.[2024·全国甲卷] They are (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). How did the national park system come about
6.[2024·北京卷] To practise this, we need to establish clear (boundary) in our personal and professional life.
形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
【高考体验】
1.[2025·北京卷] Maybe this morning you debated whether to get up or stay in bed slightly (long).
2.[2024·全国甲卷] Yellowstone was the (large) United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honours as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
3.[2023·浙江1月考] Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and (simple) in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
4.[2022·全国甲卷] …and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s (high) mountain.
5.[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the (hot) the spring!
【知识素养必备】
形容词、副词的比较等级
①表示两者比较, 用“比较级+than”或用“the+比较级+of the two+n.”。
②表示“越……, 越……”用“the+比较级, the+比较级”。
③much和even常修饰比较级。
“as+adj./adv.(原级)+as…”表示“和……一样……”;“not as/so+adj./adv. (原级)+as…”=“less+adj./adv.(原级)+than…”, 表示“不如……一样……”。
④“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义。
⑤表示三者或者三者以上的比较,用最高级。
A [2025·浙江1月考]
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:245
The price of fashion—economically and environmentally—has led to the rise of 1. new way of dressing, and it’s beginning to take off in Australia, too. As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer 2. (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular.
“I think it’s an amazing idea,” says Tanya Perilli, who owns a clothing rental shop. “Customers today look past the fact that something is second-hand and focus instead 3. the fact that they have something unique to wear 4. are not overstuffing their own wardrobes(衣柜) or contributing to landfill.”
Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women 5. (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive 6. (solve) to one-time event dressing. The concept 7. (be) certainly not new—men have been renting good suits for decades—but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies.
Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, 8. she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. “I really want to make this work for 9. (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean 10. (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
B [2024·新课标Ⅱ卷]
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:227
Chinese cultural elements commemorating(纪念) Tang Xianzu, 1. is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”, add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.
Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common 2. (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about 3. (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion(《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways 4. Romeo and Juliet.”
A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-metre-tall pavilion, 5. (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, 6. (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international 7. (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed 8. (find)the connection between the two great writers.
9. (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 10. see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
A [2025·河南新乡高三三模]
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:223
Chinese cooking is not just about food; it is 1. art form that represents history, philosophy, and aesthetics (美学). There are three essential standards by which Chinese cooking 2. (judge), namely, colour, aroma and taste.
Chinese cuisine attaches great importance 3. nutrition. To produce delicious food with health-restoring functions, people make medicinal cuisine by mixing specially 4. (process) traditional Chinese herbs with everyday ingredients, following traditional Chinese medicine methods. Over the centuries, the Chinese have explored the world of plants, roots, herbs 5. seeds to find life-saving elements. They have discovered that many items have medicinal value. If the items are 6. (improper) cooked, their nutritive value will be destroyed. For example, ginger (姜), 7. is one of people’s favourite spices, has the effect of easing an upset stomach and is used as a method 8. (relieve) cold symptoms.
In China, people maintain that a food tonic (滋补品) is better than a medicine in strengthening one’s body. When cooking medicinal food, one has a large variety of fine materials to select from, each 9. (possess) its own unique flavour.
Chinese medicinal cuisine is gaining global 10. (recognize). And many other countries now welcome health-boosting snacks like goji berries and herbal root teas. Chinese medicinal cuisine bridges ancient herbal wisdom and contemporary global wellness practices.
B [2025·湖南永州高三三模]
文体:新闻报道 主题:人与社会 词数:235
On Saturday, a Beijing folk song reading and enjoying event was held at the Beijing Library, 1. readers immersed themselves in the enchanting world of folk songs, experiencing the cultural charm of Beijing’s traditional folk music. 2. (title) “Chinese Music: The Everlasting Folk Songs”, the event aimed to celebrate the rich heritage of Chinese folk music.
In the opening speech, Mao Yajun, head of the Capital Library, emphasized folk songs are a cultural treasure. She noted that North China, with its diverse 3. (geography) environments and cultural landscapes, 4. (have) a long history of folk songs that are unique in style and that the event sought 5. (show) the cultural charm of different regions. Mao hoped the event would help people appreciate these heritages, evoking hometown memories while 6. (develop) a sense of warmth and connection through familiar dialects and feelings. At the event, 81-year-old Chang Fuyao and 74-year-old Zhang Guobao, both inheritors of intangible cultural heritage, delivered an exciting 7. (perform) of the Tongzhou Canal Work Song, their voices reviving labourers’ bustling scenes.
A Beijing folk song study tour, led by folk song experts, will start a week later. It will include 8. (representative) from the audience who will visit the birthplaces of folk songs, conduct on-site investigations, 9. interact with folk song singers, promoters, and researchers. Participants will learn to sing a folk song, experience local customs, and start 10. unique reading journey. 训练(三十)
A
[文章大意] 本文是一篇记叙文,讲述在 4 月 1 日国际爱鸟日,一只国家保护的欧亚雕鸮被释放,这是中国集体保护成果之一。作为北京最大的猫头鹰品种,这只鸟当晚被放归野外。
1.largest 考查形容词最高级。根据语境以及空前定冠词 the可知,此处表示“北京最大的猫头鹰物种”,需用形容词最高级形式。故填largest。
2.rescuer 考查名词。根据后文Chen Jingming可知,此处指“救援人员”,用名词形式rescuer“救援者”。故填rescuer。
3.a 考查冠词。固定短语a group of表示 “一群”。故填a。
4.forcing 考查非谓语动词。 句中已有谓语动词were attacking,此处为非谓语动词作状语,逻辑主语crows和动词force之间为主动关系,用现在分词形式。故填forcing。
5.contacted 考查动词时态。与rescued并列作谓语,时态一致,均为一般过去时。故填contacted。
6.for 考查介词。“be sent to +地点 + for sth”表示“送往某处进行某事”,介词for表目的。故填for。
7.to provide 考查非谓语动词。固定搭配agree to do sth表示“同意做某事”。故填to provide。
8.voluntarily 考查副词。修饰动词需用副词voluntarily“自愿地”作状语。故填voluntarily。
9.that 考查主语从句。it作形式主语,此空引导名词性从句作真正主语,从句句意完整,不缺少成分,用连接词that引导。故填that。
10.efforts 考查名词复数。根据前文these可知,此处需用名词复数形式作主语。故填efforts。
B
[文章大意] 本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2024年北京中轴线作为新的世界文化遗产,吸引了大量的游客,成为旅游热点。
1.were driven 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。此处在定语从句中作谓语动词,主语most of whom为复数,与drive之间为被动关系,且根据时间状语in 2024可知,此处应用一般过去时。故填were driven。
2.inclusion 考查名词。此处作宾语,应用名词inclusion“纳入,列入”。故填inclusion。
3.with 考查介词。此处为“with+宾语+宾补”结构,the Central Axis为宾语,现在分词becoming为宾补。故填with。
4.stretching 考查非谓语动词。the Beijing Central Axis与stretch之间为主动关系,应用现在分词作定语,故填stretching。
5.to shape 考查非谓语动词。根据句意,此处作目的状语,应用不定式。故填to shape。
6.which 考查定语从句。此处引导定语从句,先行词traditional city design指物,在从句中作介词in的宾语,应用which引导定语从句。故填which。
7.grandest 考查形容词最高级。根据空前的定冠词the可知,此处应用形容词最高级grandest作定语,修饰city central axis。故填grandest。
8.its 考查代词。此处意为“它的旅游吸引力”,指代“北京的”,应用形容词性物主代词its作定语,修饰tourism appeal。故填its。
9.collectively 考查副词。修饰动词draw,应用副词collectively“共同地,集体地”作状语。故填collectively。
10.a 考查冠词。泛指“一个新的视角”,应用不定冠词,new的发音以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。故填a。
C
[文章大意] 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍的是“茶马古道”的历史背景、重要性及其作为贸易路线和文化交流桥梁的角色。
1.popularity 考查名词。此处为名词作宾语,popular的名词形式为popularity,意为“受欢迎;普及;流行”,符合句意,且为不可数名词。故填popularity。
2.Historically 考查副词。此处为副词作状语修饰整个句子,history的副词是historically,意为“历史上”,符合句意,且位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Historically。
3.valuable 考查形容词。此处为形容词作表语,value的形容词形式为valuable,表示“有价值的”,符合句意。故填valuable。
4.is referred 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。此处为谓语动词,refer与主语the “Ancient Tea Horse Road”之间是被动关系,且描述一般事实,因此使用一般现在时的被动语态,主语为第三人称单数。故填is referred。
5.bought 考查过去分词。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语,buy与products之间是被动关系,需用过去分词bought作定语。故填bought。
6.when 考查定语从句。此处为关系词引导的定语从句,从句中不缺主语和宾语,先行词Tang Dynasty指的是时间,所以此处使用关系副词when引导定语从句。故填when。
7.further 考查副词比较级。此处为副词作状语修饰动词,结合句意,此处表示“茶马古道在宋朝和明朝时期得到进一步发展”,所以此处使用副词比较级,far的比较级further意为“进一步”,表示程度,符合句意。故填further。
8.a 考查冠词。route意为“路线”,为可数名词单数,其前无限定词,所以此处使用冠词,结合句意,此处表示“一条繁忙的贸易路线”,为泛指意义,且busy的发音以辅音音素开头,所以此处使用不定冠词a。故填a。
9.as 考查介词。serve as为固定搭配,意为“充当,作为”,符合句意,所以此处使用介词as。故填as。
10.making 考查现在分词。此处为非谓语动词作状语,make与其前的内容之间为主动关系,所以此处使用现在分词形式作结果状语。故填making。
外刊时文3:中外文化交流(一)
[文章大意] 本文是一篇记叙文。法国艺术家克莱尔·尼科莱在首次访华六年后重返北京,此次她带来了新的作品,心中仍充满熟悉的惊喜感。
1.a 考查冠词。a sense of…是固定搭配,意为“……的感觉”,此处familiar sense of wonder表示“一种熟悉的惊喜感”,为可数名词单数概念,且familiar是发音以辅音音素开头的单词,故用不定冠词a。
2.living 考查非谓语动词。“spend + 时间 + doing sth”是固定用法,意为“花费时间做某事”,所以此处用live的动名词形式living。
3.natural 考查形容词。此处与urban并列修饰名词textures,需用名词nature的形容词形式natural,表示“自然的”。
4.impression 考查名词。空前有形容词lasting(持久的)修饰,此处需要用动词impress的名词形式impression,leave a lasting impression意为“留下深刻的印象”。
5.in 考查介词。interest in…是固定搭配,意为“对……的兴趣”,句中表示“激发了她对中国文化的兴趣”,故填in。
6.accompanied 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词is,此处需用非谓语动词。Nicolet与accompany(陪伴)之间是被动关系,即“尼科莱被她近期的作品陪伴着”,所以用过去分词accompanied作伴随状语。
7.feels 考查时态和主谓一致。句子的主语是coming back and seeing everything I loved about this city is still here, and even more beautiful这一动名词短语,视为单数概念。结合上下文语境,此处描述的是当前的感受,用一般现在时,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式feels。
8.featured 考查非谓语动词。artists与feature(以……为特色)之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词featured作后置定语修饰artists。
9.and 考查连词。between…and 是固定短语,意为“在……之间”,故填and。
10.artists 考查名词复数。后面是两个艺术家,因此要用复数形式。故填artists。训练(三十) 语法填空——小词练
A [2025·江西高三5月模拟预测]
文体:记叙文 主题:人与自然 词数:247
The release of a nationally-protected Eurasian eagle owl on April 1, International Bird Day, is one of the collective conservation achievements across China. The bird is the 1. (large) owl species in Beijing and was released back into the wild that night.
The owl was first admitted to Beijing Raptor (猛禽) Rescue Centre (BRRC) on March 8. According to the 2. (rescue) Chen Jingming, it was rescued at Houhai Lake, a cultural landmark in Central Beijing. Mr Chen said, “That morning, 3. group of crows (乌鸦) near the Houhai Lake’s water surface were attacking a large bird, 4. (force) it into the water. Another citizen and I rescued it and 5. (contact) the police.”
The owl was then sent to BRRC 6. treatment, where the specialists conducted comprehensive examinations, including blood checks and injury assessments. Later, they agreed 7. (provide) targeted medication and treatment. After over two weeks of care, the owl began eating 8. (voluntary) and finally passed the pre-release health assessment.
The raptors like this owl play a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem balance. It’s reported 9. 26% of admitted raptors at BRRC suffer from accidental injuries, often due to crashing against buildings or encountering extreme weather.
“Over BRRC’s 24-year history, we’ve witnessed growing public awareness of bird protection, thanks to China’s ecological civilization initiatives,” said Angella Zheng, who works for BRRC. “These 10. (effort) safeguard bird diversity and promote broader biodiversity, advancing the goal of a beautiful China.”
B [2025·山东德州高三三模]
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:224
Beijing’s unique cultural identity attracted a record number of tourists in 2024, most of whom 1. (drive) in part by the popularity of its newly listed UNESCO World Heritage Central Axis (轴). Following its 2. (include) in the World Heritage List, visits rose significantly 3. the Central Axis becoming a must visit for both domestic and international tourists.
The Beijing Central Axis, 4. (stretch) 7.8 kilometres from the Yongding Gate in the south to the Drum and Bell Towers in the north, was constructed based on ancient architectural philosophies 5. (shape) and define an ideal layout for a capital city then. The Central Axis dates back to the Yuan Dynasty, while its length was extended in the Ming and Qing dynasties. It is the epitome (缩影)of traditional city design, in 6. the central position is the emphasis, indicating the purpose of constructing social order and standardizing social life through the city layout. It is also the 7. (grand) and best preserved city central axis around the world, and a model for the development of a mature Chinese capital.
Although Beijing’s cultural heritage remained central to 8. (it) tourism appeal last year, previously visited as stand-alone sites, these landmarks now 9. (collective) draw crowds as part of the “Citywalk” experience, offering tourists 10. new perspective on Beijing’s history and culture.
C [2025·湖南普通高中名校联考高三第一次模拟]
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:233
Most of us are familiar with the “Silk Road”, a network of land trading routes which has connected north-western China to Europe since the Han Dynasty. With its recent 1. (popular), you may have heard of the “Ancient Tea Horse Road” as well, another network of land trading routes that connected China to various parts of Asia and Europe before sailing became common. 2. (history), the “Ancient Tea Horse Road” is no less 3. (value) than the “Silk Road”. And because of their respective locations, sometimes the “Ancient Tea Horse Road”4. (refer) to as the “Southern Silk Road”.
The “Ancient Tea Horse Road” got it’s name as Chinese tea and horses were the main products 5. (buy) and sold along the route. Historians have traced the origins of the “Ancient Tea Horse Road” back to the Tang Dynasty, 6. tea was being transported out of Yunnan to Beijing, Xizang, and other places. The “Ancient Tea Horse Road” was 7. (far) developed during the Song and Ming dynasties, and remained 8. busy trading route all year round until the Qing Dynasty.
The “Ancient Tea Horse Road” served 9. not only a trading route, but also a bridge connecting different races—such as Han and the Tibetan people. It is located near the “Roof of the World”, and is where many minority groups are located, 10. (make) it a spot of many attractions.
外刊时文3:中外文化交流(一)
【原创】题源:https://www.chinadaily./a/202507/01/WS68634673a31000e9a57397a9.html
文体:记叙文 主题:人与社会 词数:216
Six years after her first visit to China, French artist Claire Nicolet has returned to Beijing—this time with a new body of work and 1. familiar sense of wonder.
In 2019, Nicolet spent a month 2. (live) in the city’s hutong, immersing herself in local life and exploring Beijing’s 3. (nature) and urban textures. One place in particular left a lasting 4. (impress): Xihai Lake, a peaceful enclave nestled within the Second Ring Road.
“I loved cycling around that small lake,” she recalls. “This quiet part of the city gave me inspiration in my art works. And it sparked my interest 5. Chinese culture.”
Now, in the height of Beijing’s summer—having last visited in the depths of winter—37-year-old Nicolet is back, 6. (accompany) by her recent artworks.
“Coming back and seeing everything I loved about this city is still here, and even more beautiful, 7. (feel) truly special,” she says.
She is one of four artists 8. (feature) in the opening exhibition of the newly inaugurated Sino-French Cultural Exchange Space at Beijing Language and Culture University.Titled The Other Within the Self, an exhibition born from travel, encounters and artistic dialogue between France 9. China, the show brings together the works of Nicolet, fellow French artist Lionel Sabatte, and Chinese 10. (artist) Cai Yaling and Peng Yong. (共77张PPT)
第3讲 名词、形容词和副词
词形转化(词性、词义、词格、词数、词级)
A 动词转化为名词
【高考体验】
1.[2025·全国一卷] “You try to lead the opponent into your trap
and force them to follow your ‘ __________ (guide)’ till they
lose，” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to
the exhibition.
guidance
[解析] 考查名词。作动词follow的宾语,用guide的名词guidance“引
导”,且为不可数名词。故填guidance。
2.[2025·浙江1月考] …providing a less expensive _________ (solve)
to one-time event dressing.
solution
[解析] 考查名词。作providing的宾语，应用名词solution，根据a可
知表示“一种解决方案”,故填solution。
3.[2024·全国甲卷] They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote
the idea at the ___________ (complete) of their journey.
completion
[解析] 考查动词转化成名词。冠词修饰名词,本空应填名词作宾
语,complete的名词形式为completion,此处意为“结束”，不可数,故填
completion。
4.[2024·浙江1月考] Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy
one get one free” promotions because of the _________
(criticize) that they lead to waste.
criticism
[解析] 考查动词转化成名词。根据“...that they lead to waste.”可
知,此处应用名词criticism“批评”,作宾语。故填criticism。
5.[2023·全国甲卷] However, Carson's theme is a more weighty
_________ (warn) about environmental destruction.
warning
[解析] 考查动词转化成名词。根据前文的a和形容词weighty可知,此
处用单数名词warning。
【知识素养必备】
动词转化为名词的后缀
后缀 例词
-tion/-sion celebrate→celebration庆祝;庆祝活动
conclude→conclusion结论;结束
admit→admission承认;准许进入
-er/-or announce→announcer广播员
conduct→conductor指挥;售票员
后缀 例词
-ment achieve→achievement功绩;成就
argue→argument辩论;论据(*注意去掉e)
-ance/- ence appear→appearance出现;外貌
exist→existence存在;生活方式
prefer→preference偏爱
-ure fail→failure失败;倒闭
press→pressure压力
续表
后缀 例词
-ing hear→hearing听力;听觉
begin→beginning开始
-ry recover→recovery恢复;痊愈
discover→discovery发现
其他 choose→choice选择
vary→variety多样化;种类
tend→tendency趋向;趋势
续表
B 形容词转化为名词
【高考体验】
1.[2024·新课标Ⅱ卷] Those cultural elements have increased
Stratford's international ________ (visible), said Edmondson,
adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were
often amazed to find the connection between the two great
writers.
visibility
[解析] 考查形容词转化成名词。形容词international后接名词形
式,visibility“知名度”为不可数名词。故填visibility。
2.[2024·北京卷] Taking the time to rest allows us to develop a
deeper sense of ______________ (self-aware).
self-awareness
[解析] 考查形容词转化成名词。空处作介词of的宾语,应用名词self-
awareness。a sense of self-awareness表示“自我意识”。故填self-
awareness。
3.[2022·浙江6月考] For Luc, this means ______________
(independent). “The feeling of being able to see it and to form
my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind
person.”
independence
[解析] 考查形容词转化成名词。句中means是及物动词,作means的
宾语应用independent的名词形式independence,表示“独立”。
4.[2020·全国新高考Ⅰ卷] Historical _________ (accurate) is
important but so is entertainment.
accuracy
[解析] 考查形容词转化成名词。空处作主语,位于形容词historical之
后,应使用名词,意为“历史的准确性”。
5.[2020·全国卷Ⅲ] Filled with _________ (curious), the artist
packed his bags and left.
curiosity
[解析] 考查形容词转化成名词。with为介词,后跟名词curiosity作宾语。
【知识素养必备】
形容词转化为名词的后缀
后缀 例词
-age short→shortage不足;短缺
-cy efficient→efficiency效率;功效
fluent→fluency流利;流畅
accurate→accuracy准确性
private→privacy隐私;私密
后缀 例词
-dom free→freedom自由
wise→wisdom明智;智慧
-ence different→difference差异
silent→silence沉默
-ness weak→weakness虚弱;弱点
kind→kindness仁慈
careless→carelessness粗心大意
续表
后缀 例词
-th strong→strength力气;强项
wide→width 宽度
-ty safe→safety安全
responsible→responsibility责任
honest→honesty诚实
difficult→difficulty困难
续表
C 名词、动词转化为形容词
【高考体验】
1.[2025·全国一卷] …the balance between the black and white
pieces, the beauty in the _________ (strategy) placement of the
pieces…
strategic
[解析] 考查形容词。根据被修饰名词placement可知，用strategy的
形容词strategic“战略性的,策略的”作定语。故填strategic。
2.[2025·全国二卷] …chickens are always free-range, and ________
(centre) heating doesn't exist.
central
[解析] 考查形容词。修饰名词heating,应用形容词central“中央的,中
心的”作定语。故填central。
3.[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷] The latest engineering techniques are
applied to create this protective __________ (function) structure
that is also beautiful.
functional
[解析] 考查名词转化成形容词。空处修饰名词structure,应用形容词
functional作定语。故填functional。
4.[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷] In cold weather, the structure stays _______
(close) to protect the plants.
closed
[解析] 考查动词转化成形容词。空处用于stays之后作表语,应用形容
词closed,表示“关闭的”。故填closed。
5.[2023·全国甲卷] _________ (difference) from traditional fables,
Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
Different
[解析] 考查名词向形容词的转化。此处是形容词短语作状语,其逻辑
主语和句子的主语一致,都是Carson's story;be different from意为
“与……不同”。故填Different。
6.[2023·全国乙卷] The ___________ (remark) development of this
city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while
stepping into the modern world…
remarkable
[解析] 考查名词向形容词的转化。本空修饰名词development,故应
用形容词remarkable作定语,意为“非凡的,引人注目的”。
【知识素养必备】
名词、动词转化为形容词的后缀
后缀 例词
-able accept→acceptable可接受的
reason→reasonable合乎情理的
-al origin→original最初的
nature→natural自然的;天生的
-ful doubt→doubtful怀疑的
forget→forgetful健忘的
后缀 例词
-ed scare→scared感到恐惧的
confuse→confused感到困惑的
-ing surprise→surprising令人吃惊的
convince→convincing令人信服的
-ible access→accessible可进入的
horror→horrible讨厌的;恐怖的
续表
后缀 例词
-ive attract→attractive有吸引力的
impress→impressive给人深刻印象的
-ous continue→continuous不断的;持续的
anxiety→anxious忧虑的
caution→cautious小心的;谨慎的
curiosity→curious好奇的
续表
后缀 例词
-some tire→tiresome令人厌烦的
trouble→troublesome引起麻烦的
-y taste→tasty美味的;可口的
wealth→wealthy富裕的;富有的
-ern east→eastern东方的;向东的
-ish child→childish孩子气的
self→selfish自私的
续表
D 形容词转化为副词
【高考体验】
1.[2023·浙江1月考] The term “hutong”, __________ (original)
meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the
Yuan Dynasty.
originally
[解析] 考查形容词向副词的转化。空格处修饰动词meaning,需要填
副词形式。
2.[2022·浙江1月考] On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for
example, ________ (rough) 200 academics—many of them
climate scientists…
roughly
[解析] 考查形容词向副词的转化。此处表示“大约200个科研人员”,故
填roughly。
3.[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] It will _____________ (undoubted) help
you get refreshed!
undoubtedly
[解析] 考查形容词向副词的转化。空处修饰动词help,应用
undoubted的副词形式。
4.[2020·全国卷Ⅰ] Landing on the moon's far side is __________
(extreme) challenging.
extremely
[解析] 考查形容词向副词的转化。空处修饰形容词challenging,应使
用extreme的副词形式。
【知识素养必备】
形容词转化为副词的规则
类别 例词
直接加-ly clear→clearly清楚地
definite→definitely当然, 确切地
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词, 变y为i再加-ly happy→happily高兴地
heavy→heavily沉重地
类别 例词
词尾为-le的形容词去掉e, 再加 -y (whole例外,whole→wholly 完全地) terrible→terribly非常;很
gentle→gently温和地
possible→possibly可能地
词尾为-ue的形容词, 去掉e, 再 加-ly true→truly真实地
due→duly适当地;按时地
续表
类别 例词
词尾为-ll的形容词, 直接加-y full→fully充分地;完全地
dull→dully迟钝地
词尾为-ic的形容词, 加- ally(public例外， public→publicly公开地) basic→basically主要地, 基本上
economic→economically 经济地
scientific→scientifically合乎科学地
续表
名词的“数”和“格”
【高考体验】
1.[2025·浙江1月考] As people now choose to wear more clothes
fewer ______ (time), clothing rental services have become
increasingly popular.
times
[解析] 考查名词复数。time表示“次数”时是可数名词，根据“…wear
more clothes fewer…”可知，用名词复数times,表示重复穿一件衣服
的次数较少。故填times。
2.[2025·浙江1月考] I really want to make this work for
_________ (people) lives today…
people's
[解析] 考查名词的所有格形式。根据语境“人们的生活”可确定
people和lives是所属关系，应用名词所有格people's。故填people's。
3.[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷] These plants included modern Western
__________ (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
favourites
[解析] 考查名词复数。favourite是可数名词,意为“特别受喜爱的东
西”,根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知,空处应用
名词的复数形式。故填favourites。
4.[2024·新课标Ⅱ卷] Although they could never have met, there
are common ________ (theme) in their works, said Paul
Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace
Trust.
themes
[解析] 考查名词复数。本句为there be句型,根据谓语动词are可判断,
本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。
5.[2024·全国甲卷] They are _________ (treasure) of American
heritage (遗产). How did the national park system come about
treasures
[解析] 考查名词复数。treasure表示“宝藏”,为可数名词,结合前文they
are可知应用复数形式,故填treasures。
6.[2024·北京卷] To practise this, we need to establish clear
___________ (boundary) in our personal and professional life.
boundaries
[解析] 考查名词复数。句中boundary是可数名词,表示“界限”,根据空
后in our personal and professional life可知,此处表示不止一个界限,
名词应用复数形式boundaries。故填boundaries。
形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
【高考体验】
1.[2025·北京卷] Maybe this morning you debated whether to get
up or stay in bed slightly _______ (long).
longer
[解析] 考查比较级。此处表示“稍微多睡一会儿”，应用比较级longer，
表示“更久”。故填longer。
2.[2024·全国甲卷] Yellowstone was the _______ (large) United
States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias
in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978,
took the honours as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million
acres.
largest
[解析] 考查形容词最高级。根据句意及本空前的the可知,用large的
最高级largest作定语,故填largest。
3.[2023·浙江1月考] Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and
________ (simple) in design and decoration, and the hutongs
were narrower.
simpler
[解析] 考查形容词比较级。根据句子结构和and可知,空格处需要填
形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler。
4.[2022·全国甲卷] …and in 2016, he reached the top of
Kilimanjaro, Africa's ________ (high) mountain.
highest
[解析] 考查形容词最高级。根据空前Africa's可知,此处表示乞力马扎
罗山是非洲最高的山脉,用形容词最高级。故填highest。
5.[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] The amazing thing about the spring is
that the colder the temperature gets, the _______ (hot) the
spring!
hotter
[解析] 考查形容词的比较级。此处为“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构,
意为“越……,越……”。
【知识素养必备】
形容词、副词的比较等级
①表示两者比较, 用“比较级+than”或用“the+比较级+of the two+n.”。
②表示“越……, 越……”用“the+比较级, the+比较级”。
③much和even常修饰比较级。
“as+adj./adv.(原级)+as…”表示“和……一样……”;“not as/so+adj./adv.
(原级)+as…”=“less+adj./adv.(原级)+than…”, 表示“不如……一
样……”。
④“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义。
⑤表示三者或者三者以上的比较,用最高级。
A[2025·浙江1月考]
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:245
The price of fashion—economically and environmentally—has
led to the rise of 1. ___ new way of dressing, and it's beginning
to take off in Australia, too. As people now choose to wear
more clothes fewer 2. ______ (time), clothing rental services have
become increasingly popular.
“I think it's an amazing idea,” says Tanya Perilli, who owns
a clothing rental shop. “Customers today look past the fact that
a
times
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something is second-hand and focus instead 3. _________ the
fact that they have something unique to wear 4. _____ are not
overstuffing their own wardrobes(衣柜) or contributing to landfill.”
Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women 5. ________
(rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less
expensive 6. _________ (solve) to one-time event dressing. The
concept 7. ___ (be) certainly not new—men have been renting
good suits for decades—but for female shoppers, it is just
taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader
societal movement towards shared economies.
on/upon
and
to rent
solution
is
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Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to
less formal clothing, 8. _______ she plans to package as capsule
wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to
weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. “I really
want to make this work for 9. _________ (people) lives today,
and I know that doesn't always mean 10. __________ (return) a
dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
which
people's
returning
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3
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10
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［文章大意］本文是一篇说明文，介绍了衣物租赁服务在澳大利亚
的兴起及其对经济和环境的影响，强调这一新兴时尚方式不仅减少
了浪费，还让消费者能够以更低的成本享受时尚。
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1. ___
a
[解析] 考查冠词。根据句子中的new way of dressing可以判断，空
格处需要一个不定冠词，泛指一个新兴的穿衣方式，且new以辅音
音素开头，需使用不定冠词a。
2. ______
times
[解析] 考查名词复数。根据“…wear more clothes fewer…”可以推
断，这里需要填入名词复数times，表示重复穿一件衣服的次数较少。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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2
3
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5
6
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3. _________
on/upon
[解析] 考查固定搭配。根据句子结构可知，focus后通常会接介词on
或upon来引出关注的对象。
4. _____
and
[解析] 考查连词。根据句子结构可知，前后两个句子是并列关系，
表达的是顾客有独特的衣服穿，并且他们不会让衣橱堆满，或者增
加垃圾填埋场的负担。因此，连接这两个并列分句应使用and。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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2
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5. ________
to rent
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，空格处需要填入不定
式to rent，表示目的，说明女性消费者租赁服装而不是直接购买。
6. _________
solution
[解析] 考查名词。根据句意可知，这里需要一个名词作宾语，表示
一种解决方案，且a指明它是单数形式。
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2
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10
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2
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7. ___
is
[解析] 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句子主语the concept是单数形
式，且语境提示此处是对事实的描述，因此需要使用一般现在时，
谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
8. _______
which
[解析] 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语
从句，修饰先行词clothing，指物，关系词在从句中作package 和
offer的宾语，因此需用关系代词which引导定语从句。
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2
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4
5
6
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10
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2
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9. _________
people's
[解析] 考查名词的所有格形式。空格后的lives是复数形式，此处表
示“人们的生活”，因此需要填入所有格形式people's。
10. __________
returning
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，mean在此处指“意味着”，
mean doing sth是固定搭配，故空格处需要填入v.-ing形式。
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B[2024·新课标Ⅱ卷]
文体：说明文 主题：人与社会 词数:227
Chinese cultural elements commemorating(纪念) Tang Xianzu,
1. _____ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”, add an
international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William
Shakespeare's hometown.
Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died
in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are
common 2. ________(theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson,
who
themes
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10
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head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of
the things that Tang was writing about 3. ______(be) also
Shakespeare's concerns. I happen to know that Tang's play The
Peony Pavilion(《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways 4. ____
Romeo and Juliet.”
A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up
at Shakespeare's Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a
six-metre-tall pavilion, 5. _________(inspire)by The Peony Pavilion,
6. __________(build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk
from Shakespeare's birthplace.
were
to
inspired
was built
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Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's
international 7. ________(visible), said Edmondson, adding that
visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often
amazed 8. ________(find)the connection between the two great
writers.
9. _________(recall) watching a Chinese opera version of
Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese
actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts
of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to
visibility
to find
Recalling
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hear the Chinese language 10. _____ see how Tang's play was
being performed.”
［文章大意］本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国明代戏曲家
汤显祖与英国戏剧家莎士比亚之间的联系和共同点，并说明了这种
联系如何在莎士比亚的故乡斯特拉特福被纪念和展示，以及这种联
系对于提高斯特拉特福国际知名度的重要性。
and
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1. _____
who
[解析] 考查定语从句。此处为定语从句的关系词，先行词为Tang
Xianzu，指人，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语。故填who。
2. ________
themes
[解析] 考查名词复数。本句为there be句型，根据谓语动词are可判
断，本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。
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3. ______
were
[解析] 考查动词时态和主谓一致。此处为本句谓语动词，根据句意
以及定语从句“…that Tang was writing about…”的时态可知，本句
时态为一般过去时；主语为some of the things，谓语动词用复数形
式。故填were。
4. ____
to
[解析] 考查介词。固定短语be similar to意为“和……相似”，符合句
意。故填to。
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2
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5. _________
inspired
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，被修饰词a
six-metre-tall pavilion和动词inspire之间为被动关系，用过去分词形
式。故填inspired。
6. __________
was built
[解析] 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。此处为本句谓语动词，根
据上文时间状语in 2017和two years later可知，本句时态为一般过
去时；主语为a six-metre-tall pavilion，故谓语动词用单数形式；动
词build和主语之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。故填was built。
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7. ________
visibility
[解析] 考查名词。形容词international后接名词，visibility意为“知名
度”，为不可数名词。故填visibility。
8. ________
to find
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处考查“主语+be动词+adj.+不定式”结构。
故填to find。
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9. _________
Recalling
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作状语，主语
Edmondson和动词recall之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式；单词出
现在句首，首字母大写。故填Recalling。
10. _____
and
[解析] 考查连词。空前to hear the Chinese language和空后see
how Tang's play was being performed为并列的不定式短语，see
前省略了to。故填and。
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A [2025·河南新乡高三三模]
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:223
Chinese cooking is not just about food; it is 1. ____ art
form that represents history, philosophy, and aesthetics (美学).
There are three essential standards by which Chinese cooking
2. __________ (judge), namely, colour, aroma and taste.
Chinese cuisine attaches great importance 3. ____ nutrition.
To produce delicious food with health-restoring functions,
people make medicinal cuisine by mixing specially 4. __________
an
is judged
to
processed
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(process) traditional Chinese herbs with everyday ingredients,
following traditional Chinese medicine methods. Over the
centuries, the Chinese have explored the world of plants, roots,
herbs 5. _____ seeds to find life-saving elements. They have
discovered that many items have medicinal value. If the items
are 6. ___________ (improper) cooked, their nutritive value will
be destroyed. For example, ginger (姜), 7. _______ is one of
people's favourite spices, has the effect of easing an upset
stomach and is used as a method 8. __________ (relieve) cold
symptoms.
and
improperly
which
to relieve
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In China, people maintain that a food tonic (滋补品) is
better than a medicine in strengthening one's body. When
cooking medicinal food, one has a large variety of fine materials
to select from, each 9. ___________ (possess) its own unique
flavour.
Chinese medicinal cuisine is gaining global 10. ___________
(recognize). And many other countries now welcome health-
boosting snacks like goji berries and herbal root teas. Chinese
medicinal cuisine bridges ancient herbal wisdom and
contemporary global wellness practices.
possessing
recognition
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［文章大意］本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国烹饪的艺术
性、标准、对营养的重视以及药膳的制作和全球认可。
1. ____
an
[解析] 考查冠词。此处泛指“一门艺术形式”，且art以元音音素开头，
应用不定冠词an。故填an。
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2. __________
is judged
[解析] 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句子描述的是一般事实，时态
应用一般现在时，主语Chinese cooking 和judge“评判”之间是被动
关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，be动词应
用is。故填is judged。
3. ____
to
[解析] 考查介词。attach importance to是固定短语，意为“重视”。
故填to。
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4. __________
processed
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词，且herbs和process“处
理”之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填processed。
5. _____
and
[解析] 考查连词。plants, roots, herbs和seeds之间是并列关系，应
用and连接。故填and。
6. ___________
improperly
[解析] 考查副词。修饰动词cooked，应用副词improperly“不当地”作
状语。故填improperly。
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7. _______
which
[解析] 考查定语从句。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词ginger
指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用which引导。故填
which。
8. __________
to relieve
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。a method to do sth表示“做某事的方法”。
故填to relieve。
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9. ___________
possessing
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词，each和possess“拥有”
之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，与each构成独立主格结构。故填
possessing。
10. ___________
recognition
[解析] 考查名词。此处作gaining的宾语，应用名词recognition“认
可”。故填recognition。
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B[2025·湖南永州高三三模]
文体:新闻报道 主题:人与社会 词数:235
On Saturday, a Beijing folk song reading and enjoying event
was held at the Beijing Library, 1. _______ readers immersed
themselves in the enchanting world of folk songs, experiencing
the cultural charm of Beijing's traditional folk music. 2. ______
(title) “Chinese Music: The Everlasting Folk Songs”, the event
aimed to celebrate the rich heritage of Chinese folk music.
where
Titled
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In the opening speech, Mao Yajun, head of the Capital
Library, emphasized folk songs are a cultural treasure. She noted
that North China, with its diverse 3. _______________________
(geography) environments and cultural landscapes, 4. _____ (have)
a long history of folk songs that are unique in style and that
the event sought 5. _________ (show) the cultural charm of
different regions. Mao hoped the event would help people
appreciate these heritages, evoking hometown memories while
6. ___________ (develop) a sense of warmth and connection
geographical/geographic
has
to show
developing
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through familiar dialects and feelings. At the event, 81-year-old
Chang Fuyao and 74-year-old Zhang Guobao, both inheritors of
intangible cultural heritage, delivered an exciting 7. ____________
(perform) of the Tongzhou Canal Work Song, their voices
reviving labourers' bustling scenes.
A Beijing folk song study tour, led by folk song experts, will
start a week later. It will include 8. _______________
(representative) from the audience who will visit the birthplaces
of folk songs, conduct on-site investigations, 9. _____ interact
performance
representatives
and
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with folk song singers, promoters, and researchers. Participants
will learn to sing a folk song, experience local customs, and
start 10. ___ unique reading journey.
［文章大意］本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了在北京城市图
书馆举办的一场北京民歌鉴赏活动。
a
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1. _______
where
[解析] 考查定语从句。此句是非限制性定语从句，先行词the
Beijing Library在从句中作地点状语，故用where。故填where。
2. ______
Titled
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语作状语，title与the event构
成被动关系，用过去分词作状语，位于句首首字母大写。故填Titled。
3. _______________________
geographical/geographic
[解析] 考查形容词。修饰名词environments用形容词geographical或
geographic作定语。故填geographical/geographic。
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4. _____
has
[解析] 考查时态和主谓一致。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为North
China，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填has。
5. _________
to show
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。seek to do sth是固定用法，意为“试图做
某事，力求做某事”。故填to show。
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6. ___________
developing
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。句子中while引导的是一个时间状语从句的
省略形式。当从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词
时，可省略从句的主语和be动词。主语the event和从句中逻辑上的
主语一致，the event与develop(发展，培养)之间是主动关系，即“活
动(主动)培养出温暖和联结感”，所以要用现在分词形式。故填
developing。
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7. _____________
performance
[解析] 考查名词。此处作delivered的宾语，结合不定冠词an可知，
此处用单数名词performance。故填performance。
8. _______________
representatives
[解析] 考查名词复数。此处为名词作宾语，representative“代表”是
可数名词，根据后文from the audience who will visit the
birthplaces of folk songs可知，用复数形式。故填representatives。
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9. _____
and
[解析] 考查连词。visit the birthplaces of folk songs, conduct on-
site investigations和interact with folk song singers, promoters,
and researchers是并列关系，用连词and。故填and。
10. ___
a
[解析] 考查冠词。journey为泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，且unique是
发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
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专题导读
考点1 词形转化(词性、词义、词格、词数、词级)
A 动词转化为名词
【高考体验】
1.guidance 2.solution 3.completion 4.criticism 5.warning
B 形容词转化为名词
【高考体验】
1.visibility 2.self-awareness 3.independence 4.accuracy
5.curiosity
C 名词、动词转化为形容词
【高考体验】
1.strategic 2.central 3.functional 4.closed 5.Different
6.remarkable
D 形容词转化为副词
【高考体验】
1.originally 2.roughly 3.undoubtedly 4.extremely
考点2 名词的“数”和“格”
【高考体验】
1.times 2.people's 3.favourites 4.themes 5.treasures
6.boundaries
考点3 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
【高考体验】
1.longer 2.largest 3.simpler 4.highest 5.hotter
真题典例
A
1.a 2.times 3.on/upon 4.and 5.to rent 6.solution 7.is
8.which 9.people's 10.returning
B
1.who 2.themes 3.were 4.to 5.inspired 6.was built
7.visibility 8.to find 9.Recalling 10.and
模拟演练
A
1.an 2.is judged 3.to 4.processed 5.and 6.improperly
7.which 8.to relieve 9.possessing 10.recognition
B
1.where 2.Titled 3.geographical/geographic 4.has 5.to show
6.developing 7.performance 8.representatives 9.and 10.a
