第4讲 冠词、介词、代词和数词
考点1 不定冠词的基本用法
1.a 考查冠词。此处泛指“一个新兴的穿衣方式”,且new以辅音音素开头,应使用不定冠词a。故填a。
2.A 考查冠词。此处泛指“他的一个朋友”,用不定冠词,friend以辅音音素开头,用a,此处位于句首,应大写。故填A。
3.a 考查冠词。must为可数名词,意为“必须做的事”,此处表示泛指,故填a。
4.a 考查冠词。a range of意为“一系列”。wide的发音以辅音音素开头,所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
5.a 考查冠词。chance为可数名词,此处表示泛指,应用不定冠词,且very是发音以辅音音素开头的单词,故填a。
考点2 定冠词的基本用法
1.the 考查冠词。the other意为“另一个”,为固定搭配,所以此处应用定冠词the。故填the。
2.the 考查冠词。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers可知,此处culture表示特指概念,应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
3.the 考查冠词。 “the+形容词”表示一类人,此处指“盲人”。故填the。
4. the 考查冠词。all the way意为“一路上”,是固定搭配。故填定冠词the。
考点3 介词的基本用法
1. at 考查固定搭配。at one’s expense是固定搭配,意为“以……为代价”。故填at。
2. for 考查介词。prepare sb for…是固定搭配,意为“使某人为……做好准备”。故填for。
3. for 考查介词。此处考查短语take responsibility for…“对……负责任”。故填for。
4.to 考查介词。根据空前from Buddhist temples to museums可知,空前的narrow hutong前省略介词from,故本空应用介词to。
5.as 考查介词。根据句意可知,空格处表示“作为”,as符合句意。故填as。
考点4 代词的基本用法
1.its 考查代词。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。
2.ones 考查代词。根据some of可知,空处应填one的复数形式ones,“some of+复数名词/代词”意为“……中的一些”。故填ones。
3. mine 考查名词性物主代词。此处应用名词性物主代词mine代指my memory,对应上文的the visitor’s memory。
4. herself 考查反身代词。根据句意“她的房子就是她自身的反映”可知,此处应用she的反身代词形式,故填herself。
5. themselves 考查代词。空处在句中作介词for的宾语,当主语和宾语为同一人或物时,宾语要用反身代词。故填themselves。
考点5 数词的基本用法
seventh 考查序数词。根据空格前的the以及七年级指的是第7个年级可知,此处需用序数词。
【真题典例】
[文章大意] 本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了赫斯维克工作室最近公布的一个新项目——一个位于国家信托基金会伍尔贝丁花园边缘的动态温室,并详细描述了该温室的设计、功能,以及它如何与丝绸之路的历史和丝绸之路花园相结合。
1.engineering 考查名词。空格处作定语修饰后面的名词,engineering在此处是名词作定语,与后面的名词techniques构成搭配“engineering techniques”(工程技术)。故填engineering。
2.functional 考查形容词。空处修饰名词structure,应用形容词functional (功能的) 作定语。故填functional。
3.to give 考查非谓语动词。空处用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to give。
4.closed 考查形容词。stays(保持)是系动词,后接形容词作表语,应用形容词closed,表示“关闭的”。故填closed。
5.walks 考查动词时态和主谓一致。空处为本句谓语动词。句子的主语the Silk Route Garden 与walk 是主动关系,指的是花园通过其设计和布局,使游客能够体验或“走过”一段受古代丝绸之路影响的旅程,walk在这里为及物动词。此处为客观事实,时态应该为一般现在时。主语the Silk Route Garden为单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。
6.the 考查冠词。固定搭配for the first time意为“第一次”。故填the。
7.favourites 考查名词复数。favourite是可数名词,意为“特别受喜爱的东西”,根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知,空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favourites。
8.as 考查介词。根据句意可知,玻璃温室是当代设计的一项伟大成就,Glasshouse“作为”一项伟大成就而存在,应用介词as。故填as。
9.which/that 考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the Silk Route,先行词指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。
10.richness 考查名词。根据空前的定冠词the可知,此处应用rich的名词形式,表示“丰富”。故填richness。
【模拟演练】
A
[文章大意] 本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者在中国体验茶文化并深受中国文化熏陶的故事。
1. contributing 考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作结果状语,表示“自然而然”发生的结果,应用现在分词作状语。故填contributing。
2. competitiveness 考查名词。介词of后应使用名词, competitiveness意为“竞争性”,是不可数名词,符合句意。 故填competitiveness。
3.accessible 考查形容词。accessible to是固定搭配,意为“可利用的”。此处为形容词作后置定语,修饰activities and clubs。故填 accessible。
4.constantly 考查副词。修饰动词hosting,用副词作状语。故填 constantly。
5. gained 考查时态。根据时间状语that day且前后时态一致原则可知,应该使用一般过去时。故填 gained。
6.how 考查特殊疑问词。此处为“特殊疑问词+to do”作宾语,结合句意可知此处表示“如何”,用how。故填how。
7.flavours 考查名词复数。由a wide variety of可知,应用复数形式作宾语。故填flavours。
8.It 考查代词。特指Chinese tea culture,用it指代。故填It。
9.as 考查介词。be used as…是固定搭配,意为“被当作……来用”。故填 as。
10. to unwind 考查非谓语动词。allow sb/sth to do sth是固定搭配,意为“允许某人/某物去做某事”。故填 to unwind。
B
[文章大意] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Phonemica网站,展示了两位外国学生如何通过现代技术手段保护中国丰富的方言文化。
1. to preserve 考查非谓语动词。“主语+be+形容词+to do”是固定结构,在该结构中,动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。故填to preserve。
2. Faced 考查非谓语动词。be faced with是固定短语,意为“面临,面对”。此处省略be动词,用过去分词作状语,句首单词首字母需大写。故填Faced。
3.in 考查介词。be fluent in是固定搭配,表示“能流利地说……”。故填in。
4.became 考查动词时态。根据主句的started可知,项目变成网站是过去发生的事情,用一般过去时。故填became。
5.where 考查定语从句。此句是一个非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词website,关系词在从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where引导。故填where。
6.presence 考查名词。根据句意和空格前的is可知,此处用名词presence作表语,the presence of表示“……的存在”。故填presence。
7.areas 考查名词复数。area是可数名词,此处应该用复数形式表示泛指。故填areas。
8.telling 考查非谓语动词。此处动词tell与speakers之间是主动关系,用现在分词telling。故填telling。
9.accessible 考查形容词。此处是“make+宾语+宾补(形容词)”结构,根据空格前的makes it more engaging and可知,用形容词accessible与形容词engaging并列作宾语补足语。故填accessible。
10. the 考查冠词。appeal在这里表示“魅力”,此处特指“每种方言的独特魅力”,用定冠词the。故填the。第4讲 冠词、介词、代词和数词
不定冠词的基本用法
【高考体验】
1.[2025·浙江1月考] The price of fashion—economically and environmentally—has led to the rise of new way of dressing…
2.[2022·全国甲卷] friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
3.[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is must to visit!
4.[2020·全国新高考Ⅱ卷] Each volume in the set explores wide range of material, explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, and discusses…
5.[2020·浙江1月考] A child born in the US today has very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.
【知识素养必备】
a与an的区分
拼写以辅音字母开头, 读音却以元音音素开头的单词, 前面要用an 如:hour, honest, honour
拼写以元音字母开头, 读音却以辅音音素开头的单词, 前面要用a 如:useful, university, usual, European, united, one-way
定冠词的基本用法
【高考体验】
1.[2024·浙江1月考] Then, when you use one section, other stays fresh.
2.[2023·浙江1月考] In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect culture of grassroots Beijingers.
3.[2022·浙江6月考] The tactile(可触知的) paintings work as a way to show art to blind because we don’t see with just our eyes…
4.[2021·全国甲卷] It took us about 3 hours to go all way around the Xi’an City Wall.
【答题技巧点拨】
掌握好冠词使用的三大原则:
①判断表示泛指还是特指;
②判断空格后的名词是可数名词还是不可数名词;
③判断空格后是抽象名词还是具体名词。
如果空格后是可数名词单数且首次出现, 必填a或an;如果空格后的名词在上文出现过, 且表特指, 必填the。
介词的基本用法
【高考体验】
1.[2025·北京卷] After all, exploring the world shouldn’t come the planet’s expense.
2.[2025·全国二卷] Nothing in my life before prepared me this one—and to be sure, the first time I came here…
3.[2023·全国甲卷] She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility saving their environment.
4.[2023·全国乙卷] From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history…
5.[2023·浙江1月考] Thanks to Beijing’s long history capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic events.
【答题技巧点拨】
熟记常见介词的意义以及介词的各种搭配是解题的关键。在语法填空试题中, 当空格后的名词(有时前有限定词)、代词或动名词在句中不是作主语、表语, 也不是作动词的宾语时, 那就是作介词的宾语, 即此时要填介词。具体填什么介词, 可能由介词与该名词的搭配及其意义来决定, 也可能由动词或形容词与介词的搭配来决定。
代词的基本用法
【高考体验】
1.[2024·全国甲卷] This area, with (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.
2.[2024·浙江1月考] Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
3.[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in (I).
4.[2021·浙江6月考] She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.
5.[2022·北京卷] Since people can’t always eat out or cook for (they), they get takeout or order delivery.
【答题技巧点拨】
①明确代词的指代意义。明确代词指代的数是单数概念还是复数概念;明确代词指代的格是主格、宾格还是形容词格;明确代词指代的性是“他(们)”还是“她(们)”。
②明确代词的逻辑关系。明确代词表示的范围是一者、两者还是三者或三者以上;明确代词在句中构成的是全部否定还是部分否定。
③明确代词出现的位置。句子缺主语或宾语, 空格后没有提示词, 所填词多为代词。
数词的基本用法
【高考体验】
[2021·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] I’ve always loved the ocean. In the (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.
【答题技巧点拨】
基数词变序数词口诀:基变序,容易记,加上th就可以; 一二三,特殊记,词尾字母tdd; 八减t,九减e,f来把ve替; 若是遇到整十数,ty变作tie; 若是遇到几十几,只变个位就可以。
[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷]
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:238
Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure,named Glasshouse,is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times.
The latest 1. (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 2. (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals(萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝).These sepals open on warm days 3. (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather,the structure stays 4. (close) to protect the plants.
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 5. (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road,by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 6. first time. These plants included modern Western 7. (favourite) such as rosemary,lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too.
The Glasshouse stands 8. a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 9. brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 10. (rich) of gardening in England.
A [2025·湖南湘潭高三适应性考试]
文体:记叙文 主题:人与社会 词数:220
I am a foreign student, currently studying in Central China Normal University(CCNU), an excellent academic institution, where professors and fellows really care about one another, 1. (contribute) to a strong feeling of cooperation and a distinct lack of 2. (competitive). Without doubt, everyone is motivated including me, a so-called “alien”.
Moreover, CCNU’s amount of activities and clubs 3. (access) to students truly sticks out to me. There is a society for just about any random interest or passion you may have, and they are 4. (constant) hosting interesting events. I recalled tea tasting sessions being part of our college’s off-campus activities.
That day, I 5. (gain) a better understanding of Chinese tea culture. I knew 6. to appreciate tea in a proper way, why Chinese people enjoy drinking tea, and what mood to be in when drinking tea. I discovered that tea comes in a wide variety of 7. (flavour). Chinese tea culture, in my opinion, is mostly a continuation of the magnificent traditional Chinese culture. 8. is more complex and ceremonial than merely drinking tea. Tea can also be used 9. a way for individuals in today’s busy world to have a short break, allowing the spirit, body, and mind 10. (unwind) a little and cope with life’s hardships. I do believe I will enjoy my stay in China.
B [2025·河北石家庄高三三模]
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:205
China has a huge variety of dialects. However, these dialects are becoming difficult 1. (preserve) as Mandarin (普通话) becomes increasingly popular in schools and public places.
2. (face) with this issue, two language-loving foreign students decided to do something. Parker, a linguistics (语言学) student, studies Chinese dialects, while Hansen, fluent 3. multiple languages, has lived in Beijing for years. Together, they started a project which later 4. (become) a website called Phonemica, or Xiangyinyuan, 5. recordings of the dialects in danger of dying out are collected and displayed.
What you’re bound to notice on the Phonemica website is the 6. (present) of a large map which shows various dialects across China. In certain 7. (area), there are uploads of recordings of dialects which visitors to the site can listen to. Most of the recordings feature speakers 8. (tell) a story in their various dialects.
Unlike many similar websites focusing on text or professional research, Phonemica records ordinary people, helping create an oral history of Asia. The website’s detailed information about speakers, including ethnic background and education, makes it more engaging and 9. (access) than traditional language research platforms, aiming to preserve 10. unique appeal of each dialect. 训练(三十一)
A
[文章大意] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了兰州牛肉面这一原本鲜为人知的中国西北菜肴,如今如何在全球范围内赢得人们的喜爱。
1.how 考查宾语从句。此处为宾语从句的引导词,宾语从句中缺少方式状语,用how引导。故填how。
2.cities 考查名词复数。根据like New York, London, and Sydney可知,用名词的复数形式。故填cities。
3.it 考查代词。指代上文的the dish,用代词it。故填it。
4.before 考查介词。表示“在……面前”,用介词before。故填before。
5.impressively 考查副词。修饰形容词chewy用副词impressively,意为“令人印象深刻地”。故填impressively。
6.Cooked 考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词,the soup和动词cook之间为逻辑上的被动关系,用过去分词形式作状语。故填cooked。
7.that/which 考查定语从句。此处为定语从句的关系词,先行词为a version,在定语从句中作主语,用关系代词which或that引导。故填that/which。
8.to suit 考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作目的状语,用动词不定式形式。故填to suit。
9.bridges 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据主句时态可知,从句时态为一般现在时;主语sharing food是单数,和动词bridge之间为主动关系。故填bridges。
10.telling 考查非谓语动词。此处为“with+宾语+宾补”结构,宾语each bowl和tell之间为逻辑上的主动关系,用现在分词形式作宾补。故填telling。
B
[文章大意] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了瑞典演员蒂莫西·皮洛蒂受成龙电影启发,通过学习京剧促进中瑞文化交流的故事。
1.was attracted 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in childhood可知,句子描述过去的事,时态应用一般过去时,主语he和attract“吸引”之间是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语he是第三人称单数,be动词应用was。故填was attracted。
2.studying 考查状语从句的省略。当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致,且从句谓语含be动词时,可省略从句的主语和be动词。本句中从句完整形式为when he was studying physical theatre at a Finnish university,省略主语he和was,保留现在分词。故填studying。
3.natural 考查形容词。修饰名词decision,应用形容词natural“自然的”作定语。故填natural。
4.barriers 考查名词复数。barrier是可数名词,此处指不止一个语言障碍,应用复数形式。故填barriers。
5.where 考查定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句,先行词San Cha Kou (At The Crossroads)指物,关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。
6.to further 考查非谓语动词。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to further。
7.subsequently 考查副词。修饰动词短语integrating it into his productions in Sweden,应用副词subsequently“随后”作状语。故填subsequently。
8.a 考查冠词。泛指“一名文化代表”,且cultural的发音以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。故填a。
9.as 考查介词。此处表示“作为”,应用介词as。故填as。
10.admiration 考查名词。作has earned的宾语,应用抽象名词admiration“钦佩”。故填admiration。
C
[文章大意] 这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了在2025年威尼斯狂欢节期间,海外华人社群在圣马可广场展示了一场令人惊叹的中国文化秀。
1.where 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是St. Mark’s Square,在从句中作地点状语,用where引导。故填where。
2.Set 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词,所以set用非谓语形式,和逻辑主语the performance之间是被动关系,用过去分词表被动,位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Set。
3.highlighted 考查动词时态。highlight作本句谓语,根据上文的描述以及句意可知,描述已发生的事,用一般过去时。故填highlighted。
4.transforming 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词,transform用非谓语形式,和逻辑主语gorgeous costumes and delicate masks之间是主动关系,用现在分词作结果状语。故填transforming。
5.to promote 考查非谓语动词。此处是固定搭配an opportunity to do sth,意为“一个做某事的机会”。故填to promote。
6.a 考查冠词。不定冠词修饰可数名词单数living exhibit,泛指“一个活展品”,且living首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。
7.emphasis 考查名词。空前是动词,所以空处应填名词作宾语,所以空处应填emphasize的名词形式,构成固定搭配put emphasis on,意为“强调”。故填emphasis。
8.with 考查介词。此处是with复合结构,“with + sth/sb + 现在分词”作状语,补充说明威尼斯官员的发言内容。故填with。
9.artistic 考查形容词。空处修饰空后的名词,应填形容词作定语,artist的形容词形式是artistic。故填artistic。
10.and 考查连词。demonstrates China’s rich cultural heritage to global audiences和strengthens international friendships through shared aesthetic appreciation为并列关系,连词为and。故填and。句意:嘉年华已经发展成为一个独特的平台,通过充满活力的艺术交流,东西方相遇;它向全球观众展示了中国丰富的文化遗产,并通过共同的审美欣赏加强了国际友谊。
外刊时文4:中外文化交流(二)
[文章大意] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在中国国际交流展厅外所展示的、由大约10 个国家的艺术家合作打造的藤条装置。
1.to enter 考查非谓语动词。固定搭配:allow sb to do sth,此处需用不定式 to enter作宾补。故填to enter。
2.innovative 考查形容词。installation是名词,需用形容词修饰,故填 innovative。
3.branches 考查名词复数。branch是可数名词,此处泛指“用枝条制作”,且前文无冠词修饰。故填 branches。
4.a 考查冠词。celebrated Polish artist 是可数名词单数,celebrated的发音以辅音音素开头。故填不定冠词 a。
5.is set 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。在定语从句中主语 that,即a willow fish pattern与 set是被动关系,且描述客观事实,用一般现在时的被动语态。主语为单数,be动词用is。故填 is set。
6.as 考查介词。固定搭配highlight…as…意为“强调……作为……”,此处指“强调藤编作为人类最古老的共享工艺之一”。故填 as。
7.dating 考查非谓语动词。设空处是 with 复合结构,some(指代crafts)与 date(追溯)是逻辑上的主动关系,用现在分词 dating。故填dating。
8.which 考查定语从句。先行词是Poland’s annual wicker festival,指物,从句中缺主语,故用关系代词 which 引导非限制性定语从句。
9.extremely 考查副词。副词修饰空格后的successful。extreme 的副词形式为 extremely(极其),表示“合作极其成功”。故填extremely。
10.enthusiasm 考查名词。空格前expressing(表达)是及物动词,需接名词作宾语。enthusiastic 的名词形式为enthusiasm(热情),意为“表达对建立长期机构合作的热情”。训练(三十一) 语法填空——从句练
A [2025·广东广州普通高中毕业班综合测试]
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:217
Once a little-known dish from China’s northwest, Lanzhou beef noodle soup is now winning hearts globally. A recent article describes 1. this surprisingly simple meal has become popular in 2. (city) like New York, London, and Sydney.
Appealing online photos and videos of the dish stimulate local people’s appetite and arouse their curiosity, driving them to give 3. a try. Diners appreciate both its taste and the experience it offers. In a Manhattan eatery, cooks stretch dough (面团) into noodles right 4. customers’ eyes. “It’s like magic,” said one diner. Diners are also amazed by the unique and 5. (impressive)chewy texture of Lanzhou noodles, which offer a distinct mouthfeel unlike any other.
6. (cook)for hours with beef bones and spices,the soup has a rich flavour. In Queens, a restaurant prepares a version 7. respects the dish’s cultural roots and combines 20 spices to produce a hearty soup. The owner even video-calls her grandparents in China for recipes. In Flushing, the owner of a noodle shop adapts the soup based on customer feedback, making it thicker and spicier 8. (suit) local preferences. As food expert C. Doyle notes, “There’s no single ‘correct’ version—it keeps evolving.”
From street food to global star, Lanzhou beef noodle soup shows that sharing food 9. (bridge) cultural differences, with each bowl 10. (tell) a story of tradition, creativity, and the delight of flavour discovery.
B [2025·陕西安康高三最后一卷]
文体:记叙文 主题:人与社会 词数:254
Swedish actor Timothy Pilotti, inspired by Jackie Chan’s films, has embraced Peking Opera as a way to promote cultural exchange. His interest began in childhood when he 1. (attract) by Chan’s mix of acrobatics (杂技), rhythm, and comedy. Peking Opera, unlike kung fu, interested him with its theatrical form and unique stage combat.
When 2. (study) physical theatre at a Finnish university, Pilotti had an opportunity to learn a traditional theatre form abroad. Choosing China was a 3. (nature) decision for him, and he realized his dream by learning Peking Opera in Beijing in 2009. Although he faced language 4. (barrier) and lacked prior experience in Peking Opera, Pilotti succeeded. His first performance was in San Cha Kou (At The Crossroads), 5. he took on the role of wuchou (martial arts clown).
He returned to Beijing 6. (further) his understanding of Peking Opera in 2010 and 2014, 7. (subsequent) integrating it into his productions in Sweden. Traditional Chinese stories inspired him to create theatre pieces like The Monkey King, which introduced Swedish children to this legendary character.
Pilotti connects with children by interacting with them during shows and holding workshops to teach Peking Opera movements. Besides theatre, he acts as 8. cultural representative, appearing in variety shows and speaking at conferences 9. a young expert on China.
His dream is to create a show that brings together Chinese Peking Opera and Swedish actors. Pilotti’s work in promoting Chinese culture has earned 10. (admire), with followers praising his dedication and the blending of cultures.
C [2025·江西重点中学协作体高三第二次联考]
文体:新闻报道 主题:人与社会 词数:214
The 2025 Venice Carnival witnessed a breathtaking Chinese cultural showcase at St. Mark’s Square, 1. overseas Chinese communities presented a 45-minute spectacle of hanfu fashion, Dunhuang dances, and guzheng melodies. 2. (set) against the stunning backdrop of the Mediterranean sunset, the performance transformed the iconic “Europe’s most beautiful living room” into a stage for East-West dialogue.
Based on 2024’s successful Marco Polo tribute, this year’s expanded programme previously 3. (highlight) Qing Dynasty court attire (服饰) and ancient bridal wear organized by the China-Italy Silk Thread Cultural Association. Gorgeous costumes and delicate masks are hallmarks of the Venice Carnival, 4. (transform) fashion into a bridge for cultural exchange. More international students and overseas Chinese view the festival as an opportunity 5. (promote) Chinese culture through traditional attire.
Businesswoman Lao Jingmei became 6. living exhibit, displaying exquisite Miao and Zhuang minority costumes from Guangxi that fascinated attendees like Italian visitor Marta Benedetti. Venice officials put 7. (emphasize) on the event’s role in cultural diplomacy, 8. City Council President Damiano citing historical documents that testify to Venice’s sister-city bond with Suzhou. The carnival has evolved into a unique platform where East meets West through vibrant 9. (artist) exchange; it demonstrates China’s rich cultural heritage to global audiences 10. strengthens international friendships through shared aesthetic appreciation.
外刊时文4:中外文化交流(二)
【原创】 题源:https://www.chinadaily./a/202506/06/WS684226fda310a04af22c36f8_4.html
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:199
Outside the international exchange exhibition hall, a beautiful wickerwork installation(藤条装置) caused a shade from the sun, allowing visitors 1. (enter) and experience first-hand various inset patterns.
“This 2. (innovation) installation brings together artists from about 10 countries, including Poland, China, Slovenia, France, Senegal and Australia, to create a monumental circular structure from 3. (branch), symbolizing cultural connection and exchange,” says Maciej Pawlak, 4. celebrated Polish artist who introduced the international cooperation project.
For instance, a German craftsperson created a willow fish pattern that 5. (set) in the wall of the structure, he notes, adding that artists from other countries have all contributed to distinctive elements to deliver gentle curves(曲线) that reflect nature’s absence of hard shapes.
This project highlights wickerwork 6. one of humanity’s oldest shared crafts, with some like Chinese traditions 7. (date) back thousands of years, he notes.
It was Pawlak’s first visit to China, and the project has inspired plans for ongoing cultural exchange. He has extended invitations to Chengdu artists for Poland’s annual wicker festival, 8. typically attracts participants from over 70 countries.
“The cooperation with Chinese craftspeople has been 9. (extreme) successful,” Pawlak remarks, expressing 10. (enthusiastic) for establishing long-term institutional partnerships. (共50张PPT)
第4讲 冠词、介词、代词和数词
不定冠词的基本用法
【高考体验】
1.[2025·浙江1月考] The price of fashion—economically and
environmentally—has led to the rise of ___ new way of
dressing…
a
[解析] 考查冠词。此处泛指“一个新兴的穿衣方式”,且new以辅音音
素开头,应使用不定冠词a。故填a。
2.[2022·全国甲卷] ___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be
his companion during the trip.
A
[解析] 考查冠词。此处泛指“他的一个朋友”,用不定冠词,friend以辅
音音素开头,用a,此处位于句首,应大写。故填A。
3.[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] While you're in China, Mount
Huangshan is ___ must to visit!
a
[解析] 考查冠词。must为可数名词,意为“必须做的事”,此处表示泛指,
故填a。
4.[2020·全国新高考Ⅱ卷] Each volume in the set explores ___
wide range of material, explains the basic concepts of major
applications of digital systems，and discusses…
a
[解析] 考查冠词。a range of意为“一系列”。wide的发音以辅音音素
开头,所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
5.[2020·浙江1月考] A child born in the US today has ___ very
realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan
accordingly.
a
[解析] 考查冠词。chance为可数名词,此处表示泛指,应用不定冠词,
且very是发音以辅音音素开头的单词,故填a。
【知识素养必备】
a与an的区分
拼写以辅音字母开头, 读音却以 元音音素开头的单词, 前面要用 an 如:hour, honest, honour
拼写以元音字母开头, 读音却以 辅音音素开头的单词, 前面要用a 如:useful, university, usual,
European, united, one-way
定冠词的基本用法
【高考体验】
1.[2024·浙江1月考] Then, when you use one section, ____ other
stays fresh.
the
[解析] 考查冠词。the other意为“另一个”,为固定搭配,所以此处应用
定冠词the。故填the。
2.[2023·浙江1月考] In contrast to the court life and upper-class
culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace,
and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect ____ culture of
grassroots Beijingers.
the
[解析] 考查冠词。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots
Beijingers可知,此处culture表示特指概念,应用定冠词the修饰。故填
the。
3.[2022·浙江6月考] The tactile(可触知的) paintings work as a way
to show art to ____ blind because we don't see with just our
eyes…
the
[解析] 考查冠词。 “the+形容词”表示一类人,此处指“盲人”。故填the。
4.[2021·全国甲卷] It took us about 3 hours to go all ____ way
around the Xi'an City Wall.
the
[解析] 考查冠词。all the way意为“一路上”,是固定搭配。故填定冠
词the。
【答题技巧点拨】
掌握好冠词使用的三大原则:
①判断表示泛指还是特指;
②判断空格后的名词是可数名词还是不可数名词;
③判断空格后是抽象名词还是具体名词。
如果空格后是可数名词单数且首次出现, 必填a或an;如果空格后的名
词在上文出现过, 且表特指, 必填the。
介词的基本用法
【高考体验】
1.[2025·北京卷] After all, exploring the world shouldn't come ___
the planet's expense.
at
[解析] 考查固定搭配。at one's expense是固定搭配，意为“以……
为代价”。故填at。
2.［2025·全国二卷］Nothing in my life before prepared me ____
this one—and to be sure, the first time I came here…
for
[解析] 考查介词。prepare sb for…是固定搭配，意为“使某人
为……做好准备”。故填for。
3.[2023·全国甲卷] She warns of the environmental dangers facing
society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility
____ saving their environment.
for
[解析] 考查介词。此处考查短语take responsibility for…“对……负
责任”。故填for。
4.[2023·全国乙卷] From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow
hutong ____ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years
of glorious history…
to
[解析] 考查介词。根据空前from Buddhist temples to museums可
知,空前的narrow hutong前省略介词from,故本空应用介词to。
5.[2023·浙江1月考] Thanks to Beijing's long history ____ capital
of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are
even associated with historic events.
as
[解析] 考查介词。根据句意可知,空格处表示“作为”,as符合句意。故
填as。
【答题技巧点拨】
熟记常见介词的意义以及介词的各种搭配是解题的关键。在语
法填空试题中, 当空格后的名词(有时前有限定词)、代词或动名词在
句中不是作主语、表语, 也不是作动词的宾语时, 那就是作介词的宾
语, 即此时要填介词。具体填什么介词, 可能由介词与该名词的搭配
及其意义来决定, 也可能由动词或形容词与介词的搭配来决定。
代词的基本用法
【高考体验】
1.[2024·全国甲卷] This area, with ____ (it) unique and
breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all
people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.
its
[解析] 考查代词。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。
2.[2024·浙江1月考] Who knows, perhaps some of the more
forward-looking ______ (one) may yet come out with a whole
range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
ones
[解析] 考查代词。根据some of可知，空处应填one的复数形式
ones,“some of+复数名词/代词”意为“……中的一些”。故填ones。
3.[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] As the song goes, this long and
winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in
the visitor's memory. It sure does in ______ (I).
mine
[解析] 考查名词性物主代词。此处应用名词性物主代词mine代指my
memory,对应上文的the visitor's memory。
4.[2021·浙江6月考] She was extremely pretty, and her house was
a reflection of _______ (she), everything in good taste and in
perfect order.
herself
[解析] 考查反身代词。根据句意“她的房子就是她自身的反映”可知,
此处应用she的反身代词形式,故填herself。
5.[2022·北京卷] Since people can't always eat out or cook for
___________ (they), they get takeout or order delivery.
themselves
[解析] 考查代词。空处在句中作介词for的宾语,当主语和宾语为同一
人或物时,宾语要用反身代词。故填themselves。
【答题技巧点拨】
①明确代词的指代意义。明确代词指代的数是单数概念还是复数概
念;明确代词指代的格是主格、宾格还是形容词格;明确代词指代的性
是“他(们)”还是“她(们)”。
②明确代词的逻辑关系。明确代词表示的范围是一者、两者还是三
者或三者以上;明确代词在句中构成的是全部否定还是部分否定。
③明确代词出现的位置。句子缺主语或宾语, 空格后没有提示词, 所
填词多为代词。
数词的基本用法
【高考体验】
[2021·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] I've always loved the ocean. In the
________ (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey
Bay Aquarium in California.
seventh
[解析] 考查序数词。根据空格前的the以及七年级指的是第7个年级
可知,此处需用序数词。
【答题技巧点拨】
基数词变序数词口诀:基变序,容易记,加上th就可以; 一二三,特殊
记,词尾字母tdd; 八减t,九减e,f来把ve替; 若是遇到整十数,ty变作tie;
若是遇到几十几,只变个位就可以。
[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷]
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:238
Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge
of the National Trust's Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful
structure,named Glasshouse,is at the centre of a new garden
that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in
modern times.
The latest 1. ____________ (engineer) techniques are applied
to create this protective 2. __________(function) structure that is
engineering
functional
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also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals(萼片)” made
of glass and aluminium (铝)．These sepals open on warm days
3. ________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In
cold weather,the structure stays 4. _______ (close) to protect the
plants.
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse
5. ______ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the
ancient Silk Road,by which silk as well as many plant species
came to Britain for 6. ____ first time. These plants included
to give
closed
walks
the
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modern Western 7. __________ (favourite) such as
rosemary,lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a
winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of
the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors
to see, too.
The Glasshouse stands 8. ____ a great achievement in
contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern
part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps
along the Silk Route 9. ___________ brought the plants from
their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the
10. _________ (rich) of gardening in England.
favourites
as
which/that
richness
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［文章大意］本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了赫斯维克工作室
最近公布的一个新项目——一个位于国家信托基金会伍尔贝丁花园
边缘的动态温室，并详细描述了该温室的设计、功能，以及它如何
与丝绸之路的历史和丝绸之路花园相结合。
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1. ____________
engineering
[解析] 考查名词。空格处作定语修饰后面的名词,engineering在此处
是名词作定语，与后面的名词techniques构成搭配“engineering
techniques”(工程技术)。故填engineering。
2. __________
functional
[解析] 考查形容词。空处修饰名词structure，应用形容词functional
(功能的) 作定语。故填functional。
1
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3. ________
to give
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。空处用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to
give。
4. _______
closed
[解析] 考查形容词。stays(保持)是系动词，后接形容词作表语，应
用形容词closed，表示“关闭的”。故填closed。
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3
4
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10
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5. ______
walks
[解析] 考查动词时态和主谓一致。空处为本句谓语动词。句子的主
语the Silk Route Garden 与walk 是主动关系，指的是花园通过其
设计和布局，使游客能够体验或“走过”一段受古代丝绸之路影响的旅
程，walk在这里为及物动词。此处为客观事实，时态应该为一般现
在时。主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称
单数形式。故填walks。
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6. ____
the
[解析] 考查冠词。固定搭配for the first time意为“第一次”。故填
the。
7. __________
favourites
[解析] 考查名词复数。favourite是可数名词，意为“特别受喜爱的东
西”，根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知，空处
应用名词的复数形式。故填favourites。
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2
3
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10
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8. ____
as
[解析] 考查介词。根据句意可知，玻璃温室是当代设计的一项伟大
成就，Glasshouse“作为”一项伟大成就而存在，应用介词as。故填as。
9. ___________
which/that
[解析] 考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the
Silk Route，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词
which或that引导从句。故填which/that。
10. _________
richness
[解析] 考查名词。根据空前的定冠词the可知，此处应用rich的名词
形式，表示“丰富”。故填richness。
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A [2025·湖南湘潭高三适应性考试]
文体:记叙文 主题:人与社会 词数:220
I am a foreign student, currently studying in Central China
Normal University(CCNU), an excellent academic institution, where
professors and fellows really care about one another,
1. ____________ (contribute) to a strong feeling of cooperation and
a distinct lack of 2. _______________ (competitive). Without
doubt, everyone is motivated including me, a so-called “alien”.
contributing
competitiveness
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10
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Moreover, CCNU's amount of activities and clubs
3. __________ (access) to students truly sticks out to me. There is
a society for just about any random interest or passion you
may have, and they are 4. __________ (constant) hosting
interesting events. I recalled tea tasting sessions being part of
our college's off-campus activities.
That day, I 5. ________ (gain) a better understanding of
Chinese tea culture. I knew 6. _____ to appreciate tea in a
proper way, why Chinese people enjoy drinking tea, and what
accessible
constantly
gained
how
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10
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mood to be in when drinking tea. I discovered that tea comes
in a wide variety of 7. ________ (flavour). Chinese tea culture, in
my opinion, is mostly a continuation of the magnificent
traditional Chinese culture. 8. ___ is more complex and
ceremonial than merely drinking tea. Tea can also be used
9. ____ a way for individuals in today's busy world to have a short
break, allowing the spirit, body, and mind 10. ___________
(unwind) a little and cope with life's hardships. I do believe I
will enjoy my stay in China.
flavours
It
as
to unwind
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［文章大意］本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在中国体验茶文化并
深受中国文化熏陶的故事。
1. ____________
contributing
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作结果状语，表示“自然
而然”发生的结果，应用现在分词作状语。故填contributing。
2. _______________
competitiveness
[解析] 考查名词。介词of后应使用名词, competitiveness意为“竞争
性”，是不可数名词，符合句意。 故填competitiveness。
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3. __________
accessible
[解析] 考查形容词。accessible to是固定搭配，意为“可利用的”。此
处为形容词作后置定语，修饰activities and clubs。故填 accessible。
4. __________
constantly
[解析] 考查副词。修饰动词hosting，用副词作状语。故填
constantly。
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3
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10
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2
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5. ________
gained
[解析] 考查时态。根据时间状语that day且前后时态一致原则可知，
应该使用一般过去时。故填 gained。
6. _____
how
[解析] 考查特殊疑问词。此处为“特殊疑问词+to do”作宾语，结合
句意可知此处表示“如何”，用how。故填how。
7. ________
flavours
[解析] 考查名词复数。由a wide variety of可知，应用复数形式作
宾语。故填flavours。
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2
3
4
5
6
7
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10
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8. ___
It
[解析] 考查代词。特指Chinese tea culture，用it指代。故填It。
9. ____
as
[解析] 考查介词。be used as...是固定搭配，意为“被当作……来
用”。故填 as。
10. ___________
to unwind
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。allow sb/sth to do sth是固定搭配，意为
“允许某人/某物去做某事”。故填 to unwind。
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B [2025·河北石家庄高三三模]
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:205
China has a huge variety of dialects. However, these dialects
are becoming difficult 1. ____________ (preserve) as Mandarin
(普通话) becomes increasingly popular in schools and public
places.
to preserve
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10
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2. _______ (face) with this issue, two language-loving foreign
students decided to do something. Parker, a linguistics (语言学)
student, studies Chinese dialects, while Hansen, fluent 3. ___
multiple languages, has lived in Beijing for years. Together, they
started a project which later 4. _________ (become) a website
called Phonemica, or Xiangyinyuan, 5. _______ recordings of the
dialects in danger of dying out are collected and displayed.
What you're bound to notice on the Phonemica website is
the 6. _________ (present) of a large map which shows various
Faced
in
became
where
presence
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dialects across China. In certain 7. ______ (area), there are
uploads of recordings of dialects which visitors to the site can
listen to. Most of the recordings feature speakers 8. _______ (tell)
a story in their various dialects.
Unlike many similar websites focusing on text or
professional research, Phonemica records ordinary people,
helping create an oral history of Asia. The website's detailed
information about speakers, including ethnic background and
education, makes it more engaging and 9. __________ (access)
areas
telling
accessible
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10
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than traditional language research platforms, aiming to preserve
10. ____ unique appeal of each dialect.
the
［文章大意］本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Phonemica网站，展示
了两位外国学生如何通过现代技术手段保护中国丰富的方言文化。
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1. ____________
to preserve
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。“主语+be+形容词+to do”是固定结构，在
该结构中，动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。故填to preserve。
2. _______
Faced
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。be faced with是固定短语，意为“面临，面
对”。此处省略be动词，用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母需大写。
故填Faced。
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3. ___
in
[解析] 考查介词。be fluent in是固定搭配，表示“能流利地说……”。
故填in。
4. _________
became
[解析] 考查动词时态。根据主句的started可知，项目变成网站是过
去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故填became。
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5. _______
where
[解析] 考查定语从句。此句是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词
website，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故
填where。
6. _________
presence
[解析] 考查名词。根据句意和空格前的is可知，此处用名词presence
作表语，the presence of表示“……的存在”。故填presence。
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7. ______
areas
[解析] 考查名词复数。area是可数名词，此处应该用复数形式表示
泛指。故填areas。
8. _______
telling
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处动词tell与speakers之间是主动关系，
用现在分词telling。故填telling。
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9. __________
accessible
[解析] 考查形容词。此处是“make+宾语+宾补(形容词)”结构，根据
空格前的makes it more engaging and可知，用形容词accessible与
形容词engaging并列作宾语补足语。故填accessible。
10. ____
the
[解析] 考查冠词。appeal在这里表示“魅力”，此处特指“每种方言的
独特魅力”，用定冠词the。故填the。
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专题导读
考点1 不定冠词的基本用法
【高考体验】
1.a 2.A 3.a 4.a 5.a
考点2 定冠词的基本用法
【高考体验】
1.the 2.the 3.the 4.the
考点3 介词的基本用法
【高考体验】
1.at 2.for 3.for 4.to 5.as
考点4 代词的基本用法
【高考体验】
1.its 2.ones 3.mine 4.herself 5.themselves
考点5 数词的基本用法
【高考体验】
seventh
真题典例
1.engineering 2.functional 3.to give 4.closed 5.walks
6.the 7.favourites 8.as 9.which/that 10.richness
模拟演练
A
1.contributing 2.competitiveness 3.accessible 4.constantly
5.gained 6.how 7.flavours 8.It 9.as 10.to unwind
B
1.to preserve 2.Faced 3.in 4.became 5.where 6.presence
7.areas 8.telling 9.accessible 10.the
