第5讲 并列结构、三大从句和特殊句式
考点1 并列连词
1.and 考查连词。分析句子结构可知,前后两个句子是并列关系,表达的是他们有独特的衣服穿,并且他们不会让衣橱堆满,或者增加垃圾填埋场的负担。因此,连接这两个并列分句应使用and。故填and。
2.and 考查连词。空前to hear the Chinese language和空后see how Tang’s play was being performed为并列结构,see前省略了to,用and连接。故填and。
3.but/yet 考查连词。句意:这是一个明显的视觉对比,本应无法协调组合在一起,但不知何故,这两个截然不同的世界很好地结合在了一起。根据句意可知,本空前后文为转折关系,故本空应用表示转折的连词but或yet。
4.and 考查连词。根据语境可知,此处and连接两个并列的谓语动词highlights和offers。
5.neither 考查连词。此处是neither…nor…结构,表示“既不……,也不……”。故填neither。
考点2 名词性从句的连接词
1.what 考查表语从句引导词。分析句子结构可知, 系动词is后接表语从句,从句中缺少主语,指物,应用what引导。故填what。
2.what 考查名词性从句。空处引导表语从句,从句中缺少宾语,且指事物,所以应用连接代词what。故填what。
3.what 考查宾语从句。后文为介词in的宾语,is前缺少主语,指物,应用what引导宾语从句,故填what。
4.what 考查宾语从句。句意:重视隐私的人担心谷歌可能会对其收集的信息做些什么。分析句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句。宾语从句中缺少宾语,表示“谷歌可能做的事情”,所以用连接代词what引导宾语从句。
5.that 考查同位语从句。根据句子结构可知,主句为there be句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence的内容,故填that。
考点3 状语从句的连接词
1.until 考查状语从句。根据语境可知,直到20世纪80年代末,它才作为一个旅行概念被广泛接受。此处含有固定句型not…until…,意为“直到……才……”。
2.whether 考查状语从句。根据句意“无论是在工作中、在家里还是在学校,我们都需要参与到节约能源的活动中来。”及后面的or可知,此处表示“无论是……还是……”,故填whether。
3.When/As 考查状语从句。本句为时间状语从句,根据语境可知,此处表示“当……时候”,且从句中的谓语动词asked为短暂性动词,不能用while引导,故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
4.where 考查状语从句。由located可知,设空处引导地点状语从句,且在从句中作地点状语,因此用where引导。
考点4 定语从句的关系词
A 关系代词引导的定语从句
1.which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词clothing,指物,关系词在从句中作package 和offer的宾语,应用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。
2.which/that 考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the Silk Route,先行词指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。
3.who 考查定语从句。这里为定语从句的关系词,先行词为Tang Xianzu,在非限制性定语从句中作主语,表示人,用关系代词who引导。故填who。
4.that/which 考查定语从句。定语从句中缺少主语,先行词为way,所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
5.as 考查定语从句。此处是as引导的非限制性定语从句,as作says的宾语,指代前面整个句子的内容,意为“正如”。故填as。
6.whose 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处引导定语从句,先行词为artist,关系词在定语从句中作定语,修饰paintings。故填whose。
B 关系副词引导的定语从句
1.where 考查定语从句。句中先行词为town,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,所以用关系副词where引导。
2.where 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词the class discussion。关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,意为“在课堂讨论中”,是“抽象地点”,所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。
3.where 考查定语从句。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是spot,关系词在从句中作地点状语,应用where引导。
C “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1.which 考查定语从句。分析句子可知,past mistakes为先行词,空处在从句中作介词from的宾语,故用from which引导定语从句,故填which。
2.whose 考查定语从句。分析句子可知,先行词the World Food Programme 与purposes 之间存在所属关系,意思是“世界粮食计划署的目的之一”,故用whose引导定语从句,并在定语从句中作定语。
【真题典例】
[文章大意] 这是一篇说明文。文章对商家各式各样的促销手段进行了介绍。
1.to benefit 考查动词不定式。根据buying extra和from price reductions可知,此处是指多买一件来享受降价,所以应用不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。
2.or 考查固定句式。either…or…意为“要么……要么……”,为固定句式,所以此处应用连词or。故填or。
3.that/which 考查定语从句。定语从句中缺少主语,且先行词为way,所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
4.what 考查名词性从句。空处引导表语从句,从句中缺少宾语,且指事物,所以应用连接代词what。故填what。
5.criticism 考查名词。根据空后的同位语从句“…that they lead to waste.”可知,此处应用名词criticism,表示“批评”,作宾语。故填criticism。
6.be offered 考查被动语态。主语they代指前文中的sausages,动词offer和主语构成被动关系。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。
7.have started 考查时态。根据over the last two years可知,此处应用现在完成时。故填have started。
8.designed 考查非谓语动词。动词design和谓语之间没有连词,应用非谓语动词,design和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系,且动作已完成,所以应用过去分词作后置定语。故填designed。
9.the 考查冠词。the other意为“另一个”,为固定搭配,所以此处应用定冠词the。故填the。
10.ones 考查代词。根据some of可知,空处应填不定代词one的复数形式ones。“some of+复数名词/代词”意为“……中的一些”。故填ones。
【模拟演练】
A
[文章大意] 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍的是河北省蔚县的传统民间表演艺术——打树花的历史渊源、表演方式以及面临的传承挑战。
1. dates 考查动词时态和主谓一致。date back to意为“追溯到”。此处描述客观事实,时态用一般现在时,主语it是第三人称单数,谓语用第三人称单数形式dates。故填dates。
2. from 考查介词。evolve from是固定短语,意为“由……演变而来”。故填from。
3. that 考查同位语从句。此处为同位语从句,解释名词discovery,从句中不缺句子成分,且句意完整,应使用连接词that。故填that。
4. performed 考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词作状语,Dashuhua与perform“表演”之间是被动关系,用过去分词performed,作状语。故填performed。
5.creating 考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词作状语,表示“自然而然的”结果,应使用现在分词作结果状语。故填creating。
6. the 考查冠词。结合句意可知,此处特指“打树花表演时的高温”,用定冠词the表特指。故填the。
7. precision 考查名词。此处与名词courage和strength并列,作介词for的宾语,用precise的名词precision“精确”,且为不可数名词。故填precision。
8.Despite 考查介词。此处与空后名词构成介词短语,结合句意可知,上下文之间为转折意义,应使用介词despite“尽管”,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Despite。
9.to preserve 考查非谓语动词。effort to do sth为固定搭配,意为“做某事的努力”。故填to preserve。
10. who 考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词performers指人,关系词在从句中作主语,应使用关系代词who。故填who。
B
[文章大意] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国载人月球探测计划的进展及未来任务安排。
1. progressing 考查非谓语动词。此处是with复合结构,work和progress之间是主动关系,用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填progressing。
2.the 考查冠词。in the early prototyping phase “在早期原型机阶段”,特指这个阶段,用定冠词the。故填the。
3.and 考查连词。前后两个分句之间为并列关系,应用并列连词and连接。故填and。
4.realized 考查非谓语动词。当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致,且含有be动词时,可以省略从句的主语和be动词。once引导的条件状语从句的完整形式为“Once this historic mission is realized…”,此处省略了主语和be动词。故填realized。
5.its 考查代词。限定名词standing,应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
6.launches 考查名词复数。launch“发射”为可数名词。根据two可知,此处应用名词复数形式。故填launches。
7.which 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词the lander指物,且关系词在从句中作主语,用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
8.to conduct 考查非谓语动词。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to conduct。
9.completion 考查名词。upon为介词,后接名词作宾语。upon completion of意为“在……完成后”。故填completion。
10.has selected 考查时态和主谓一致。根据recently可知,应用现在完成时,主语China为单数,助动词用has。故填has selected。第5讲 并列结构、三大从句和特殊句式
并列连词
【高考体验】
1.[2025·浙江1月考] …they have something unique to wear are not overstuffing their own wardrobes(衣柜) or contributing to landfill.
2.[2024·新课标Ⅱ卷] It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language see how Tang’s play was being performed.
3.[2023·全国乙卷] It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work, somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.
4.[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure offers a place where you can sit down…
5.[2021·浙江6月考] Although Mary loved flowers, she nor her husband was known as a gardener.
名词性从句的连接词
【高考体验】
1.[2025·北京卷] The truth, though, is could be guessed—there’s never anyone else here.
2.[2024·浙江1月考] If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed.
3.[2024·全国甲卷] On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in is now northwestern Wyoming.
4.[2023·天津6月考改编] People who value their privacy are concerned about Google might do with the information it is gathering.
5.[2019·全国卷Ⅰ] While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
【答题技巧点拨】
连接词的判断依据:从句结构和意义完整用that;不缺成分、句意不完整,表“是否”用whether/if;缺主语、宾语、表语、定语用连接代词(what, who, whom, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等);缺状语用连接副词(when, where, why, how, whenever等)。
状语从句的连接词
【高考体验】
1.[2021·全国乙卷] Ecotourism has its origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept the late 1980s.
2.[2021·天津3月考改编] We all need to get involved in saving energy it’s at work, at home, or at school.
3.[2020·全国卷Ⅲ] he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
4.[2017·江苏卷改编] Located the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
【知识素养必备】
时间状语从句的固定句式
①“It will be+时间段+before+一般现在时.”意为“多久之后才……”。
“It won’t be long before…”意为“过不了多久就……”。
②“It is+时间段+since+一般过去时.”意为“自从……以来多久了”。
③not…until…意为“直到……才……”。
no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when…意为“一……就……”。
be doing sth when…意为“正在做某事这时……”。
be about to do sth when…意为“正要做某事这时……”。
定语从句的关系词
A 关系代词引导的定语从句
【高考体验】
1.[2025·浙江1月考] Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers…
2.[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷] The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
3.[2024·新课标Ⅱ卷] Chinese cultural elements commemorating(纪念) Tang Xianzu, is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”, add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.
4.[2024·浙江1月考] Of course, shops are not charities—they price goods in the way will make them the most money.
5.[2023·全国甲卷] Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”.
6.[2020·全国卷Ⅲ] In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike.
【知识素养必备】
关系代词的使用规则
关系代词引导的定语从句 who, whom, that代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词, 在从句中作主语、宾语等, 其中whom只能作宾语, 介词提前时, 指人只能用whom;that不能引导非限制性定语从句
which, that代替的先行词是表示物的名词或代词, 在从句中作主语、宾语等
whose用来指人或物, 在从句中作定语
当主句中有the same, such, so修饰先行词时, 要选择as作关系代词, as在从句中作主语或宾语
B 关系副词引导的定语从句
【高考体验】
1.[2023·全国甲卷] There was once a town in the heart of America all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings…
2.[2023·天津3月考改编] Kenny still remembers the class discussion the teacher asked students to share what they wanted to be when they grew up.
3.[2020·全国卷Ⅰ] Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
【知识素养必备】
关系副词的使用规则
关系副词 引导的定 语从句 when, where, why的先行词分别是表示时间、地点、原因的名词, 并且在从句中作状语
(续表)
特殊用法 当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词, 如point, situation, case, stage等时, 如果关系词在从句中作状语, 常用关系副词where引导定语从句
C “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
【高考体验】
1.[2021·天津3月考改编] William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from we can learn without repeating them.
2.[2017·江苏卷改编] In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
[2024·浙江1月考]
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:248
The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra 1. (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home 2. you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh.
Of course, shops are not charities—they price goods in the way 3. will make them the most money. If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s 4. they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed.
Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the 5. (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes 6. (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day.
If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets 7. (start) selling chicken or salad in packs 8. (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). Then, when you use one section, 9. other stays fresh.
Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking 10. (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
A [2025·河南开封高三三模]
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:228
Dashuhua, or “striking iron flowers”, is a traditional folk performance from Yuxian County, Hebei Province. It has been recognized as a national intangible cultural heritage since May 2021. Originating in Nuanquan Town, it 1. (date) back to the Ming Dynasty (1368—1644) and evolved 2. weapon casting practices.
Blacksmiths’ discovery 3. molten iron splashing onto cold surfaces created dazzling sparks made it later a festive ritual to pray for peace and good harvests.
Typically 4. (perform) during festivals and weekends, Dashuhua involves melting 500 kilogrammes of scrap iron at over 1,600℃. A team of 12, including four performers, uses willow scoops to fling (抛) molten iron onto a cold wall, 5. (create) a tree of sparks. Performers wear protective gear, such as straw hats and sheepskin jackets, but injuries are common due to 6. intense heat.
Wang De, a 61-year-old inheritor, has practised Dashuhua for over 40 years. He emphasizes the art’s demands for courage, strength, and 7. (precise). 8. its beauty, the tradition faces challenges, with only four skilled inheritors remaining in Nuanquan. Younger generations are less interested, calling for local efforts 9. (preserve) the craft through tourism, education, and training programmes.
Dashuhua is more than a spectacle (精彩表演); it embodies the courage, skill, and perseverance of its performers, 10. fight to keep this cultural treasure alive for future generations.
B [2025·江西九江高三三模]
文体:说明文 主题:人与自然 词数:236
According to the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA), China is steadily advancing its manned lunar exploration programme. With all the research and construction work 1. (progress) as scheduled, the mission of landing Chinese astronauts on the moon by 2030 is within reach.
Key elements, including the Long March 10 rocket, Mengzhou crewed spacecraft, Lanyue lunar lander, Wangyu lunar suit, and Tansuo crewed rover, are currently in 2. early prototyping (原型机) phase. Meanwhile, at Hainan’s Wenchang Space Launch Centre, the construction of new facilities is underway 3. the ground-system designs have been finalized.
Once 4. (realize), this historic mission will make China the second nation to carry out crewed lunar landings after the US, significantly boosting 5. (it) global space standing. The mission involves two Long March 10 rocket 6. (launch) to transport Lanyue and Mengzhou from Wenchang to lunar orbit. After reaching their preset positions, they will rendezvous (汇合) and dock. There, two crew members will transfer to the lander, 7. will then undock and implement an engine-assisted soft landing. On the moon, they will drive the Tansuo rover 8. (conduct) scientific tasks and collect samples. Upon 9. (complete) of their assignments, they will return to the lunar-orbiting spacecraft and eventually head back to Earth.
Recently, to ensure this mission’s success, China 10. (select) its fourth group of astronauts, who are currently training for lunar landing and surface operations. 训练(三十二)
A
[文章大意] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在新疆喀什这座拥有2000 年历史,享有东西方交汇的跨文化贸易中心美誉的城市的见闻和感受。
1.which 考查定语从句。此处为“介词 + 关系代词”结构,先行词是city,指物,关系代词在从句中作介词 through 的宾语,故用 which。
2.Passing 考查非谓语动词。空格处需用非谓语动词。主语I与 pass(穿过)是逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词passing 作状语,且位于句首,首字母要大写。故填Passing。
3.and 考查连词。passing through与(passing) into 是并列的动作,用并列连词。故填and。
4.finely 考查副词。在detailed metalwork短语中,detailed 是形容词,需用副词修饰,表示“制作精细的金属制品”。故填finely。
5.was 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句子描述过去的状态,用一般过去时;主语 this post是单数名词。故填 was。
6.to 考查介词。固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”,指货物从中国往来于中亚。故填to。
7.respective 考查形容词。cultures是名词,需用形容词修饰。respect的形容词形式为 respective,表示“各自的文化”。故填respective。
8.diversity 考查名词。cultural为形容词,需修饰名词,diverse 的名词形式为 diversity,表示“文化多样性”,是不可数名词。故填 diversity。
9.was approached 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句子描述过去发生的动作,用一般过去时;主语I与approach是被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态,be动词用was。故填 was approached。
10.an 考查冠词。accent是可数名词单数,泛指“一种口音”;且 accent的发音以元音音素开头,故用不定冠词 an。
B
[文章大意] 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了2024年9月中信出版社出版的《这里是中国》(第三卷),该书通过考古发现、照片和地图生动概述了中国5000年文明。
1.offers 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此处句子主语Hi I’m China (Volume 3)为单数,且描述书籍的一般属性,时态应用一般现在时,所以用动词第三人称单数形式。故填offers。
2.As 考查介词。分析句子结构可知,“…the third book in the series”在句中作状语,表示“作为该系列的第三本书”,as有“作
为”的意思,符合语境。
3.unified 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,此处whole为名词,前面需要用形容词修饰,unify的形容词形式是unified,表示“统一的”。
4.creativity 考查名词。此处human为形容词,后接名词,create的名词形式是creativity,表示“创造力”。
5.its 考查物主代词。此处storytelling为名词,前面需要用形容词性物主代词修饰,it的形容词性物主代词是its,表示“它的”。
6.calling 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处主语Douban users与call之间是主动关系,用现在分词作伴随状语,表示“豆瓣用户给它打9.4分,称它为‘纸上博物馆’”。
7.accessible 考查形容词作宾语补足语的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处“make+宾语+宾语”为固定结构,geography为宾语,后面用形容词accessible作宾语补足语,表示“使地理知识易于获取”。
8.the 考查冠词。the特指前文提到过的事物。故用定冠词the。
9.which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处“…now has over 3.2 million followers on Bilibili”为非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the series,先行词指物,在从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which引导。
10.to share 考查非谓语动词。aim to do sth为固定短语,意为“旨在做某事”,所以用动词不定式to share。
C
[文章大意] 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了在京津冀地区大范围洪灾后的恢复、救援工作中,人们所表现出的无私的精神以及救援所取得的进展。
1.following 考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构,此处需用非谓语动词作定语修饰recovery endeavors,follow与recovery endeavors之间是主动关系,应用现在分词形式。故填 following。
2.were destroyed 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句中的their homes 与destroy之间是被动关系,且动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语是复数,be 动词用 were,故填 were destroyed。
3.through 考查介词。根据句意可知,此处应该用get through表示“熬过(困难时期)”, 故填 through。
4.and 考查连词。两个动作carried out door-to-door safety inspections和replaced damaged infrastructure是并列关系,因此需要用表示并列关系的连词连接。故填 and。
5.the 考查冠词。根据空后的most challenging可知,此处是形容词最高级形式,前面需用定冠词 the,故填 the。
6.paths 考查名词复数。mountain path是可数名词,前面没有修饰语,判断此处表示多条山路,应用复数形式,故填 paths。
7.damaged 考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知,此处需用非谓语动词作定语修饰 29 telecommunications facilities,被修饰词和damage之间是动宾关系,判断用过去分词,故填 damaged。
8.scenic 考查形容词。根据空后的名词sites可知,此处需用形容词作定语, scenic意为“风景优美的”,故填 scenic。
9.temporarily 考查副词。根据句子结构,此处需用副词修饰动词cleared,故填 temporarily。
10.have been lifted 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句中the weather warnings 与 lift 之间是被动关系,且结合前文时态,此处应用现在完成时的被动语态,主语是复数,故填 have been lifted。
D
[文章大意] 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了由上海少年儿童图书馆主办的2025 年上海童话节,本届童话节以“阅读无边界” 为主题,旨在激发未成年人的阅读兴趣。
1.involved 考查非谓语动词。此处为 with 复合结构,venues与 involve之间是被动关系,应该用过去分词作宾补。故填 involved。
2.in 考查介词。固定搭配inspire…in sb意为“在某人心中激发……”,此处指“在未成年人心中激发对阅读的热爱”。故填 in。
3.to create 考查非谓语动词。“…which integrates culture, education, art and technology…immersive…experiences…”为定语从句,先行词是 the festival,从句中谓语是 integrates,空格处需用不定式表目的。故填 to create。
4.where 考查定语从句。空格前 a place 为先行词,空格后从句不缺主谓宾,需用关系副词 where 作地点状语。故填where。
5.performed 考查动词时态和语态。句中时间状语为at the opening ceremony,描述过去发生的动作,应用一般过去时;主语the Shanghai Children’s Art Theatre与 perform是主动关系,用一般过去时的主动语态。故填 performed。
6.bringing 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词 performed,空格处需用非谓语动词作伴随状语。主语the Shanghai Children’s Art Theatre与bring是主动关系,用现在分词。 故填bringing。
7.has launched 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句中时间状语 since the beginning of July是现在完成时的标志;主语 the Shanghai Children’s Library与 launch是主动关系,故用现在完成时的主动形式,主语为单数,助动词用has。故填 has launched。
8.original 考查形容词。修饰名词picture book应该用形容词作定语。故填original。
9.illustrator 考查名词。and 连接并列成分,writer是名词,故空格处需用名词 illustrator,与 writer并列,指“获奖插画师和作家”。故填illustrator。
10.a 考查冠词。此处challenge为可数名词单数,泛指“一项挑战”,且challenge的发音以辅音音素开头,故用不定冠词a。 故填 a。训练(三十二) 高考同源语法填空专练
A
文体:记叙文 主题:人与社会 词数:213
Kashgar, a 2,000-year-old trading centre, is a cross-cultural city where East meets West, and through 1. businessmen and travellers flowed like milk mixed with honey.
2. (pass) through the great earthen gate of the 4.25-square-kilometre ancient city, 3. into the bazaar below, I’m welcomed by the sights and sounds often associated with Central Asia and the Middle East.
The many small stalls are covered with colourful hats, silks and 4. (fine) detailed metalwork. It is with little wonder that this post of mud brick and poplar wood buildings 5. (be)once a crucial stop on the ancient Silk Road, as goods passed back and forth from China 6. Central Asia.
Among the Uygur, the ethnic majority in the city, are Han Chinese,Hui, Kazakhs, Tajiks and Kyrgyz. Their 7. (respect) cultures are reflected in their traditions, clothes, dance, food and music. The series of cultural 8. (diverse) on show is more impressive than just about anywhere I have ever visited.
Later that day, while attending the second Kashi Cup, a soccer tournament held on the outskirts of Kashgar, I 9. (approach) out of the blue by a young man. Irfan spoke to me in fluent English without a hint of 10. accent. “This friendly young man would become my guide,” I thought to myself, smiling.
B
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:194
Evolving civilization
Published in September 2024, Hi I’m China (Volume 3) by Citic Press Group 1. (offer) a vivid overview of China’s 5,000-year civilization through archaeological findings, photos, and maps. 2. the third book in the series, it explores four themes: Origin, Growth, Interaction, and Creation. Geng Huajun, the author, spent three years selecting cultural relics like the Liangzhu Ruins, Erlitou Site, and Sanxingdui Ruins to showcase how ancient civilizations merged into a 3. (unify) whole.
Featuring 421 photos and 75 charts, the book highlights landmarks such as the Great Wall as evidence of human 4. (create). It also credits China’s Civilization Origins Research Programme for providing academic support. Archaeologist Chen Xingcan praises 5. (it) vivid storytelling of cultural evolution, while Douban users rate it 9.4/10, 6. (call) it a “paper museum”.
Geng’s journey began in 2016 when he founded the Institute for Planets to make geography 7. (access). His viral article about Mount Qomolangma inspired 8. series, 9. now has over 3.2 million followers on Bilibili. The first two volumes focused on geography and modern development, while future books will cover geology and bining media like documentaries, Geng aims 10. (share) China’s natural and cultural wonders globally.
C
文体:新闻报道 主题:人与社会 词数:212
During ongoing recovery endeavors in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region 1. (follow) extensive flooding, a lot of people have been actively engaged in rescue and relief operations.
Acts of solidarity have also emerged. In Zhujiagou Village, homestay owner Xie Changcai sheltered 24 neighbours after their homes 2. (destroy) on Tuesday.
“People were worried about using up my supplies,” he said. “But the government has started sending supplies. Let’s help each other. Together, we can get 3. this.”
In Tianjin, over 140 Party members from Jizhou branch of the State Grid Tianjin Electric Power were sent to restore electricity. Working in five teams, they carried out door-to-door safety inspections 4. replaced damaged infrastructure.
In one of 5. most challenging missions, Yang Yang, the head of the company’s operation and maintenance department, led his team through muddy mountain 6. (path), transporting 200-kilogram generators on foot.
With support from drone inspections and satellite communications, electricity was restored to all affected villages. 23 of the 29 telecommunications facilities 7. (damage) in Tianjin had been restored. In Jizhou District, homestays and hotels have begun reopening, and 19 8. (scene) sites reopened.
While some roads remain under repair, the main routes have been 9. (temporary) cleared so far and the weather warnings for heavy rain and geological disasters 10. (lift).
D
文体:新闻报道 主题:人与社会 词数:206
The 2025 Shanghai Fairy Tale Festival opened on Wednesday, with the city’s 199 child-friendly reading venues 1. (involve)for the first time. Over the course of the summer holiday, the festival, organized by the Shanghai Children’s Library, will provide more than 400 activities designed to inspire the love for reading 2. minors.
Themed “reading without borders”, the 13th edition of the festival, which integrates culture, education, art and technology 3. (create) immersive and interactive experiences, offers children a place 4. children enjoy themed activities, lectures, story sessions, exhibitions, art education classes, and volunteer activities.
At the opening ceremony, the Shanghai Children’s Art Theatre 5. (perform) the picture book play One Hundred Rabbits Want to Sing, vividly 6. (bring) stories to life on stage.
To enrich children’s summer learning, the Shanghai Children’s Library 7. (launch) the “colourful summer fun” reading programme too since the beginning of July. Highlights include parent-child reading training that encourages families to share stories together, 8. (origin) picture book and illustration exhibitions, activities exploring the world of picture books by award-winning 9. (illustrate) and writer Iwona Chmielewska, and interactive STEM sessions to inspire children to love science and technology. In addition, 10. digital reading challenge will be accessible through the library’s online book borrowing platform called Mibao Study. (共57张PPT)
第5讲 并列结构、三大从句和特殊句式
并列连词
【高考体验】
1.[2025·浙江1月考] …they have something unique to wear _____
are not overstuffing their own wardrobes(衣柜) or contributing
to landfill.
and
[解析] 考查连词。分析句子结构可知,前后两个句子是并列关系,表达
的是他们有独特的衣服穿,并且他们不会让衣橱堆满,或者增加垃圾填
埋场的负担。因此,连接这两个并列分句应使用and。故填and。
2.［2024·新课标Ⅱ卷］It was very exciting to hear the Chinese
language _____ see how Tang's play was being performed.
and
[解析] 考查连词。空前to hear the Chinese language和空后see
how Tang's play was being performed为并列结构，see前省略了
to，用and连接。故填and。
3.[2023·全国乙卷] It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that
shouldn't work, ________ somehow these two very different
worlds make a good combination.
but/yet
[解析] 考查连词。句意:这是一个明显的视觉对比,本应无法协调组合
在一起,但不知何故,这两个截然不同的世界很好地结合在了一起。根
据句意可知,本空前后文为转折关系,故本空应用表示转折的连词but
或yet。
4.[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] Though it is the only unnatural thing
on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole
adventure _____ offers a place where you can sit down…
and
[解析] 考查连词。根据语境可知,此处and连接两个并列的谓语动词
highlights和offers。
5.[2021·浙江6月考] Although Mary loved flowers, ________ she
nor her husband was known as a gardener.
neither
[解析] 考查连词。此处是neither…nor…结构,表示“既不……,也
不……”。故填neither。
名词性从句的连接词
【高考体验】
1.[2025·北京卷] The truth, though, is ______ could be guessed—
there's never anyone else here.
what
[解析] 考查表语从句引导词。分析句子结构可知, 系动词is后接表语
从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，应用what引导。故填what。
2.[2024·浙江1月考] If most of their customers are happy to buy
larger quantities, that's ______ they'll promote. But that leaves
the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed.
what
[解析] 考查名词性从句。空处引导表语从句,从句中缺少宾语,且指事
物,所以应用连接代词what。故填what。
3.[2024·全国甲卷] On a cool, starry night in mid-September
1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole
River in ______ is now northwestern Wyoming.
what
[解析] 考查宾语从句。后文为介词in的宾语,is前缺少主语,指物,应用
what引导宾语从句,故填what。
4.[2023·天津6月考改编] People who value their privacy are
concerned about ______ Google might do with the information
it is gathering.
what
[解析] 考查宾语从句。句意:重视隐私的人担心谷歌可能会对其收集
的信息做些什么。分析句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句。宾语从句
中缺少宾语,表示“谷歌可能做的事情”,所以用连接代词what引导宾语
从句。
5.［2019·全国卷Ⅰ］While they are rare north of 88°, there is
evidence _____ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as
far south as James Bay in Canada.
that
[解析] 考查同位语从句。根据句子结构可知,主句为there be句型,且
结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence的内容,故填
that。
【答题技巧点拨】
连接词的判断依据:从句结构和意义完整用that;不缺成分、句意
不完整,表“是否”用whether/if;缺主语、宾语、表语、定语用连接代词
(what, who, whom, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等);缺状
语用连接副词(when, where, why, how, whenever等)。
状语从句的连接词
【高考体验】
1.[2021·全国乙卷] Ecotourism has its origin with the
environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely
accepted as a travel concept _____ the late 1980s.
until
[解析] 考查状语从句。根据语境可知,直到20世纪80年代末,它才作为
一个旅行概念被广泛接受。此处含有固定句型not…until…,意为“直
到……才……”。
2.[2021·天津3月考改编] We all need to get involved in saving
energy _________ it's at work, at home, or at school.
whether
[解析] 考查状语从句。根据句意“无论是在工作中、在家里还是在学
校,我们都需要参与到节约能源的活动中来。”及后面的or可知,此处表
示“无论是……还是……”,故填whether。
3.［2020·全国卷Ⅲ］ __________ he asked the villagers on the
banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的)
artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
When/As
[解析] 考查状语从句。本句为时间状语从句,根据语境可知,此处表示
“当……时候”,且从句中的谓语动词asked为短暂性动词,不能用while
引导,故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
4.[2017·江苏卷改编] Located _______ the Belt meets the Road,
Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
where
[解析] 考查状语从句。由located可知，设空处引导地点状语从句,且
在从句中作地点状语,因此用where引导。
【知识素养必备】
时间状语从句的固定句式
①“It will be+时间段+before+一般现在时.”意为“多久之后才……”。
“It won't be long before…”意为“过不了多久就……”。
②“It is+时间段+since+一般过去时.”意为“自从……以来多久了”。
③not…until…意为“直到……才……”。
no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when…意为“一……就……”。
be doing sth when…意为“正在做某事这时……”。
be about to do sth when…意为“正要做某事这时……”。
定语从句的关系词
A 关系代词引导的定语从句
【高考体验】
1.[2025·浙江1月考] Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion
dresses to less formal clothing, _______ she plans to package as
capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers…
which
[解析] 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从
句,修饰先行词clothing,指物,关系词在从句中作package 和offer的宾
语,应用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。
2.[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷] The Glasshouse stands as a great
achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the
southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯)
the steps along the Silk Route ___________ brought the plants
from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the
richness of gardening in England.
which/that
[解析] 考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the Silk
Route,先行词指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,用关系代词which或
that引导从句。故填which/that。
3.[2024·新课标Ⅱ卷] Chinese cultural elements commemorating
(纪念) Tang Xianzu, _____ is known as “the Shakespeare of
Asia”, add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon,
William Shakespeare's hometown.
who
[解析] 考查定语从句。这里为定语从句的关系词,先行词为Tang
Xianzu,在非限制性定语从句中作主语,表示人,用关系代词who引导。
故填who。
4.[2024·浙江1月考] Of course, shops are not charities—they price
goods in the way ___________ will make them the most money.
that/which
[解析] 考查定语从句。定语从句中缺少主语,先行词为way,所以应用
关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
5.[2023·全国甲卷] Yet, the form of the fable still has values
today, ____ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”.
as
[解析] 考查定语从句。此处是as引导的非限制性定语从句,as作says
的宾语,指代前面整个句子的内容,意为“正如”。故填as。
6.[2020·全国卷Ⅲ] In ancient China lived an artist _______
paintings were almost lifelike.
whose
[解析] 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处引导定语从句,先行词
为artist,关系词在定语从句中作定语,修饰paintings。故填whose。
【知识素养必备】
关系代词的使用规则
关系代 词引导 的定语 从句 who, whom, that代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词, 在从句
中作主语、宾语等, 其中whom只能作宾语, 介词提前时, 指人
只能用whom;that不能引导非限制性定语从句
which, that代替的先行词是表示物的名词或代词, 在从句中作主
语、宾语等
whose用来指人或物, 在从句中作定语
当主句中有the same, such, so修饰先行词时, 要选择as作关系
代词, as在从句中作主语或宾语
B 关系副词引导的定语从句
【高考体验】
1.[2023·全国甲卷] There was once a town in the heart of
America _______ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence
with its surroundings…
where
[解析] 考查定语从句。句中先行词为town,关系词在定语从句中作地
点状语,所以用关系副词where引导。
2.[2023·天津3月考改编] Kenny still remembers the class
discussion _______ the teacher asked students to share what
they wanted to be when they grew up.
where
[解析] 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词the class
discussion。关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,意为“在课堂讨论中”,是
“抽象地点”,所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。
3.［2020·全国卷Ⅰ］Because the moon's body blocks direct radio
communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in
orbit above the moon in a spot _______ it could send signals
to the spacecraft and to Earth.
where
[解析] 考查定语从句。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是
spot,关系词在从句中作地点状语,应用where引导。
【知识素养必备】
关系副词的使用规则
关系副词 引导的定 语从句 when, where, why的先行词分别是表示时间、地点、原因的
名词, 并且在从句中作状语
特殊用法 当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词, 如point, situation,
case, stage等时, 如果关系词在从句中作状语, 常用关系副词
where引导定语从句
C “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
【高考体验】
1.[2021·天津3月考改编] William Hastie once suggested that
history informs us of past mistakes from _______ we can learn
without repeating them.
which
[解析] 考查定语从句。分析句子可知,past mistakes为先行词,空处在
从句中作介词from的宾语,故用from which引导定语从句,故填which。
2.[2017·江苏卷改编] In 1963 the UN set up the World Food
Programme, one of _______ purposes is to relieve worldwide
starvation.
whose
[解析] 考查定语从句。分析句子可知,先行词the World Food
Programme 与purposes 之间存在所属关系,意思是“世界粮食计划署
的目的之一”,故用whose引导定语从句,并在定语从句中作定语。
[2024·浙江1月考]
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:248
The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this
and multi-buy that. However, if you're shopping for one, buying
extra 1. __________ (benefit) from price reductions doesn't make
sense. Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home
2. ____ you can't use what you've bought while it's still fresh.
Of course, shops are not charities—they price goods in the
way 3. ___________ will make them the most money.
to benefit
or
that/which
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities,
that's 4. ______ they'll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独)
customers out of pocket and disappointed.
Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one
free” promotions because of the 5. _________ (criticize) that they
lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items.
However, though it's nice to get a few cents off a pack of
sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes
6. ___________ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage
fan doesn't want to eat them every day.
what
criticism
be offered
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller
quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets
7. _____________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs
8. __________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions
(份). Then, when you use one section, 9. ____ other stays fresh.
Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking
10. ______ (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for
you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
［文章大意］这是一篇说明文。文章对商家各式各样的促销手段进
行了介绍。
have started
designed
the
ones
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1. __________
to benefit
[解析] 考查动词不定式。根据buying extra和from price reductions
可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用不定式作目的状语。
故填to benefit。
2. ____
or
[解析] 考查固定句式。either…or…意为“要么……要么……”，为固定
句式，所以此处应用连词or。故填or。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3. ___________
that/which
[解析] 考查定语从句。定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所
以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
4. ______
what
[解析] 考查名词性从句。空处引导表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，且
指事物，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
5. _________
criticism
[解析] 考查名词。根据空后的同位语从句“...that they lead to
waste.”可知，此处应用名词criticism，表示“批评”，作宾语。故填
criticism。
6. ___________
be offered
[解析] 考查被动语态。主语they代指前文中的sausages，动词offer
和主语构成被动关系。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be
offered。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
7. _____________
have started
[解析] 考查时态。根据over the last two years可知，此处应用现在
完成时。故填have started。
8. __________
designed
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。动词design和谓语之间没有连词，应用非
谓语动词，design和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系，且动作已完成，
所以应用过去分词作后置定语。故填designed。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
9. ____
the
[解析] 考查冠词。the other意为“另一个”，为固定搭配，所以此处
应用定冠词the。故填the。
10. ______
ones
[解析] 考查代词。根据some of可知，空处应填不定代词one的复数
形式ones。“some of+复数名词/代词”意为“……中的一些”。故填
ones。
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
A [2025·河南开封高三三模]
文体:说明文 主题:人与社会 词数:228
Dashuhua, or “striking iron flowers”, is a traditional folk
performance from Yuxian County, Hebei Province. It has been
recognized as a national intangible cultural heritage since May
2021. Originating in Nuanquan Town, it 1. ______ (date) back to
the Ming Dynasty (1368—1644) and evolved 2. ______ weapon
casting practices.
dates
from
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Blacksmiths' discovery 3. _____ molten iron splashing onto
cold surfaces created dazzling sparks made it later a festive
ritual to pray for peace and good harvests.
Typically 4. ___________ (perform) during festivals and
weekends, Dashuhua involves melting 500 kilogrammes of scrap
iron at over 1,600 . A team of 12, including four performers,
uses willow scoops to fling (抛) molten iron onto a cold wall,
5. _________ (create) a tree of sparks. Performers wear protective
gear, such as straw hats and sheepskin jackets, but injuries are
common due to 6. ____ intense heat.
that
performed
creating
the
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Wang De, a 61-year-old inheritor, has practised Dashuhua
for over 40 years. He emphasizes the art's demands for courage,
strength, and 7. _________ (precise). 8. ________ its beauty, the
tradition faces challenges, with only four skilled inheritors
remaining in Nuanquan. Younger generations are less interested,
calling for local efforts 9. ____________ (preserve) the craft
through tourism, education, and training programmes.
Dashuhua is more than a spectacle (精彩表演); it embodies
the courage, skill, and perseverance of its performers, 10. _____
fight to keep this cultural treasure alive for future generations.
precision
Despite
to preserve
who
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
［文章大意］本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是河北省蔚县的传统民
间表演艺术——打树花的历史渊源、表演方式以及面临的传承挑战。
1. ______
dates
[解析] 考查动词时态和主谓一致。date back to意为“追溯到”。此处
描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语it是第三人称单数，谓语用
第三人称单数形式dates。故填dates。
2. ______
from
[解析] 考查介词。evolve from是固定短语，意为“由……演变而来”。
故填from。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3. _____
that
[解析] 考查同位语从句。此处为同位语从句，解释名词discovery，
从句中不缺句子成分，且句意完整，应使用连接词that。故填that。
4. ___________
performed
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词作状语，Dashuhua与
perform“表演”之间是被动关系，用过去分词performed，作状语。故
填performed。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
5. _________
creating
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词作状语，表示“自然而然
的”结果，应使用现在分词作结果状语。故填creating。
6. ____
the
[解析] 考查冠词。结合句意可知，此处特指“打树花表演时的高温”，
用定冠词the表特指。故填the。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
7. _________
precision
[解析] 考查名词。此处与名词courage和strength并列，作介词for的
宾语，用precise的名词precision“精确”，且为不可数名词。故填
precision。
8. ________
Despite
[解析] 考查介词。此处与空后名词构成介词短语，结合句意可知，
上下文之间为转折意义，应使用介词despite“尽管”，位于句首，首
字母需大写。故填Despite。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
9. ____________
to preserve
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。effort to do sth为固定搭配，意为“做某事
的努力”。故填to preserve。
10. _____
who
[解析] 考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词
performers指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词who。故
填who。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
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10
B [2025·江西九江高三三模]
文体:说明文 主题:人与自然 词数:236
According to the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA),
China is steadily advancing its manned lunar exploration
programme. With all the research and construction work
1. ____________ (progress) as scheduled, the mission of landing
Chinese astronauts on the moon by 2030 is within reach.
Key elements, including the Long March 10 rocket,
Mengzhou crewed spacecraft, Lanyue lunar lander, Wangyu lunar
progressing
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
suit, and Tansuo crewed rover, are currently in 2. ____ early
prototyping (原型机) phase. Meanwhile, at Hainan's Wenchang
Space Launch Centre, the construction of new facilities is
underway 3. _____ the ground-system designs have been
finalized.
Once 4. ________ (realize), this historic mission will make
China the second nation to carry out crewed lunar landings
after the US, significantly boosting 5. ____ (it) global space
standing. The mission involves two Long March 10 rocket
the
and
realized
its
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
6. _________ (launch) to transport Lanyue and Mengzhou from
Wenchang to lunar orbit. After reaching their preset positions,
they will rendezvous (汇合) and dock. There, two crew members
will transfer to the lander, 7. _______ will then undock and
implement an engine-assisted soft landing. On the moon, they
will drive the Tansuo rover 8. ___________ (conduct) scientific
tasks and collect samples. Upon 9. ___________ (complete) of
their assignments, they will return to the lunar-orbiting
spacecraft and eventually head back to Earth.
launches
which
to conduct
completion
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Recently, to ensure this mission's success, China 10.
_____________ (select) its fourth group of astronauts, who are
currently training for lunar landing and surface operations.
［文章大意］本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国载人月球探
测计划的进展及未来任务安排。
has selected
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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2
3
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10
1. ____________
progressing
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处是with复合结构，work和progress之
间是主动关系，用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填progressing。
2. ____
the
[解析] 考查冠词。in the early prototyping phase “在早期原型机
阶段”，特指这个阶段，用定冠词the。故填the。
3. _____
and
[解析] 考查连词。前后两个分句之间为并列关系，应用并列连词
and连接。故填and。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4. ________
realized
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，
且含有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。once引导的条件
状语从句的完整形式为“Once this historic mission is realized…”，
此处省略了主语和be动词。故填realized。
5. ____
its
[解析] 考查代词。限定名词standing，应用形容词性物主代词its。
故填its。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
6. _________
launches
[解析] 考查名词复数。launch“发射”为可数名词。根据two可知，此
处应用名词复数形式。故填launches。
7. _______
which
[解析] 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the
lander指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导该从
句。故填which。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8. ___________
to conduct
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to
conduct。
9. ___________
completion
[解析] 考查名词。upon为介词，后接名词作宾语。upon
completion of意为“在……完成后”。故填completion。
10. _____________
has selected
[解析] 考查时态和主谓一致。根据recently可知，应用现在完成时，
主语China为单数，助动词用has。故填has selected。
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专题导读
考点1 并列连词
【高考体验】
1.and 2.and 3.but/yet 4.and 5.neither
考点2 名词性从句的连接词
【高考体验】
1.what 2.what 3.what 4.what 5.that
考点3 状语从句的连接词
【高考体验】
1.until 2.whether 3.When/As 4.where
考点4 定语从句的关系词
A 关系代词引导的定语从句
【高考体验】
1.which 2.which/that 3.who 4.that/which 5.as 6.whose
B 关系副词引导的定语从句
【高考体验】
1.where 2.where 3.where
C “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
【高考体验】
1.which 2.whose
真题典例
1.to benefit 2.or 3.that/which 4.what 5.criticism 6.be
offered 7.have started 8.designed 9.the 10.ones
模拟演练
A
1.dates 2.from 3.that 4.performed 5.creating 6.the
7.precision 8.Despite 9.to preserve 10.who
B
1.progressing 2.the 3.and 4.realized 5.its 6.launches
7.which 8.to conduct 9.completion 10.has selected
