Unit 1 Science Fiction Learning About Language 课件(共56张PPT)-人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册

(共56张PPT)
Review Passive voice
选必4U1 Grammar
The dog bit the man.
The man bit the dog.
The man was bitten by the dog.
Somebody cleaned this room yesterday.
This room was cleaned yesterday.
The exhibition includes many activities.
Many activities are included.
Compare
在英语中，语态分为两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态和被动语态都是指动词的形式而言。
在主动语态中强调的是执行动作的人或物，即主语是动作的执行者；而在被动语态中强调的是接受动作的人或物，即主语是动作的承受者。
一、使用被动语态的情况：
Sugar cane（甘蔗） is grown in the south.
The song The East is Red was written by a poor peasant.
1. 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者。
2. 强调动作的承受者。
The plan was supported by those who wished to have more chances to speak English.
Margaret was given some bad advice about selecting courses.
3. 动作的执行者有较长的修饰语。
4. 出于礼貌，不愿意说出动作执行者。
Have a
Find the common similarity and difference in these sentences. .
1. It was going to be tested out by Lorry's wife, Claire.
2. The saleswoman there was rude to her, so she rang Tony and told him she was being treated badly.
3. English is spoken all over the world.
4. All the tickets have been sold out.
谓语的
被动语态
be
done
be
done
done
be
过去将来时的被动
过去进行时的被动
一般现在时的被动
谓语被动语态基本形式： be + done（过去分词）
done
be
现在完成的被动
be是时态载体，所有时态在此体现
Passive voice in different tenses
不同时态中的被动
Everyone loves Big Panda.
People regard it as a mascot (吉祥物).
Big Panda_________ (by everyone).
It ___________ as a mascot (吉祥物) (by people).
do/does---
一般现在时
is regarded
am/is/are done
Peng !
Caoxue, dean（院长）of Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts designed the image of Bing Dwen Dwen in 2019.
The image of Bing Dwen Dwen ______________by Caoxue, dean of Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts (广州美术学院) in 2019.
一般过去时
did---
was designed
was/were done
A country will give citizenship to robots in the future.
Scientists said that robots woundn’t take over the world in the future.
Robots _____________ citizenship(by a country) in the future.
Scientists said that the world____________________ (by robots) in the future.
一般将来时
过去将来时
will do---
would do---
will be given
wouldn’t be taken over
will be done
would be done
A woman______________________(threaten) by Sonny now.
We saw a screenshot from a movie that a woman ____________________ (threaten) by Sonny at the moment.
现在进行时
过去进行时
am/is/are doing---
was/were doing---
is being threatened
was being threatened
am/is/are being done
was/were being done
Sonny has learnt the feeling of anger since the conversation with the detective.
The detective found that Sonny had learnt the feeling of anger.
现在完成时
过去完成时
has/have done---
had done---
The feeling of anger_____________ by Sonny since the conversation with the detective.
The detective found that the feeling of anger ______________ by Sonny .
has been learnt
had been learnt
has/have been done
had been done
We can defeat the disease if we work together!
The disease ______________if we work together!
情态动词
can/could/should/may/might + do
----
情态动词+be done
判断时态，给be变态
含情态动词
can/should/may… do
can/should/may… be done
Tips
判断主语是动作发出者还是动作承受者；
判断语句中的时态(tense)；
注意过去分词拼写正确；
注意主谓一致（判断主语的单复数）。
Practice makes perfect!
1 What is done cannot _________. (undo)
2 Janet _____________ chairwoman of the student union last month. (elect)
3 Two hundred grammes of flour should ____________ to the cake mix. (add)
4 A 3,000-seat venue _________ for the circus performance in November. (build)
5 Working efficiency ________ since this new software was adopted. (improve)
6 Only one piece of carry-on luggage ______ for each economy class passenger. (allow)
7 It is a great honour for me to _________ to address this international AI conference. (invite)
8 When I entered the room, I found that the salesman's salary ________ at the meeting. (discuss)
9 With exams being adapted into Braille, a blind senior high school student scored 630 points out of 650 in the College Entrance Examination. He is expected to ______ to a top university. (admit)
Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets. Then try to translate these sentences into Chinese.
P5 2
What is done cannot ___________. (undo)
be undone
木已成舟
Janet ___________ chairwoman of the student union last month. (elect)
was elected
Two hundred grammes of flour should _________ to the cake mix. (add)
珍妮特上个月当选为学生会主席。
be added
蛋糕料里需要加入两百克面粉。
A 3,000-seat venue ________________________ for the circus performance in November. (build)
was built / will be built
一个拥有三千座位,供马戏表演使用的场地于十一月建成 / 将在十一月建成。
Only one piece of carry-on luggage _______________ for each economy class passenger. (allow)
It is a great honour for me to______________ to address this international AI conference. (invite)
经济舱的乘客每人仅允许携带一件随身行李。
be invited
我很荣幸能被邀请在 AI 大会上发言。
Working efficiency _________________ since this new software was adopted. (improve)
自从采用了新软件,工作效率就被提升了。
has been improved
is allowed
When I entered the room, I found that the salesman’s salary ____________________ at the meeting. (discuss)
With exams being adapted into Braille, a blind senior high school student scored 630 points out of 650 in the College Entrance Examination. He is expected _____________ to atop university. (admit)
我进会议室的时候发现正在讨论销售员的薪水。
was being discussed
使用转换为盲文的高考试卷,一位高中的视障学生考取了630分(总分650）。他有望被一所名校录取。
to be admitted
1. And, as more children were born, more food ____________ (need). （2020年浙江）
2. The parts of a museum open to the public ___________ (call) galleries or rooms. （2020年山东）
3. Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ____________ (construct)”. （2020年新课标卷Ⅰ）
4. On the last day of our week-long stay, we ___________ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars. （2019年新课标Ⅲ）
was needed
are called
is constructed
were invited
实战高考
实战高考
5. The artist was sure he would ____________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. (2020 全国III卷)
6. My washing machine _________________ (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. (2018 天津)
A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _______________ (trap) in the mountains for two days. (2018 北京)
(2020天津卷) The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ____________ (remain) around that level since.
be chosen
is being repaired
had been trapped
has remained
Special uses
特殊用法
1. 不及物动词, 不及物动词短语或系动词没有被动语态。常见的有：appear, disappear, break out, come true, run out, date back, happen, go on, take place, belong to,等。
三、特殊用法
This room （belong to）me.
When will the sports meeting （ take place）
belongs to
take place
They made him go there alone.
He was made (go) there alone.
2. make, see, hear, watch, notice等感官动词或使役动词：在主动语态里，作宾补的动词不定式不带to，但变为被动语态时，to要还原。
to go
三、特殊用法
We gave him the letter.
The letter was given to him.
He was given the letter.
3. 带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时，用for或者to引出表示人的间接宾语。
三、特殊用法
She often looks after the old.
The old are often looked after by her.
3. 动词短语(动词+介/副)在主谓结构中不可分割，在被动句中，不可去掉后面的介词或者副词。
三、特殊用法
_____________(人们都说）the TV series Juexingniandai is a great work.
Summary:
如: believe, say, report, estimate, consider，know等，可以用于 “it is +v-ed+that”句型，表示 “据... ”
It is said that
It is said that …
It is reported that …
It is hoped that …
It is well-known that …
It is believed that …
It must be pointed out that …
4. 在一些固定句型中常用被动语态。
1. You should protect your skin to avoid getting
(sunburn) when you go out in the hot sun.
2. The kids were getting________(bore) at the meeting. (表状态)
5. get + done, 也可以表示被动含义。
sunburnt
三、特殊用法
bored
① The long novel was written by Mr. Lu Xun in the 1920s.
② The long novel is well written, isn’t it
③ The glass was broken by his little son yesterday.
④ Look, the glass is broken! Who broke it
被动语态
被动语态
系表结构
系表结构
6. 注意区别被动语态与系表结构：被动语态表示动作，句子主语是该动作的承受者，V-ed表示动作；而系表结构表示状态，说明主语的特点或所处的状态。
(1)系动词(look, sound, smell, feel, taste, remain等)后接表语时；
主动形式表被动意义的情况
③ The three men___________(remain) silent when the police questioned again.
remained
① Your advice (sound)practical.
② The food (taste) delicious.
tastes
sounds
① This type of car sells well in China.
② The pen _______(write) smoothly.
(2)当open, close, shut, lock, move, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry, write, read, sell, wash, measure 等用作不及物动词且表示主语某种属性时,后常加副词（easily，well等）
主动形式表被动意义的情况
writes
The house needs （ clean ） .
The house needs （clean）.
(3) 当 want, need, require, deserve，be worth 表示“需要”或“值得”时，其宾语可用动词 -ing 形式的主动形式表示被动意义。
want/need/require/deserve/be worth doing=to be done
主动形式表被动意义的情况
cleaning
to be cleaned
(4) 非谓语动词的某些主动形式表示被动意义
例：The question is difficult ______________(answer).
Table tennis is very interesting___________(watch).
在“be + 形容词+ 不定式”结构中，不定式表示的动作与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动形式表示被动意义。
常见形容词有：cheap, easy, comfortable, difficult, hard, light, heavy, expensive, pleasant, interesting, fit 等
主动形式表被动意义的情况
to answer
to watch
【实战演练】导学案P131
Ⅰ单句填空
1.His writings ____________________ (translate)into various
languages by the end of the last century.
2.My washing machine _________________ (repair) at present, so
I have to wash my clothes by hand.
3.Linda, make sure the tables ________ (set) before the guests
arrive.
had been translated
is being repaired
are set
4.The students have been working hard on their lessons and
their efforts _________________ (reward) with success in the end.
5.To my delight, I ____________ (choose) from hundreds of
applicants to attend the opening ceremony last week.
will be rewarded
was chosen
6.The survey, in which almost 5,000 men and women in 12
countries ____________ (ask) last month, shows that both men
and women think the same.
were asked
7.Up to now, Aesop's fables _____________________ (translate)
into many languages and are known all over the world.
have been translated
8.While I was concentrating on photographing this amazing
scene, I suddenly had a feeling that I ___________________
(watch).
was being watched
9.And don't forget: we _______________ (surround) by a natural
playground just perfect for walking, caving, climbing and cycling.
10.Before the guests came back, the room needed ____________
__________ (clean).
are surrounded
cleaning/to be cleaned
Ⅱ语法与写作
1.Having heard that a Chinese painting exhibition _____________
_______________________in this local city, I am writing to apply
to be a volunteer of your team.
听说本市要举办一个中国画展,我写信申请成为你们团队的一名志愿者。
will be held/is going to be held
2.They are living with their parents for the moment because
their own house _______________.
他们目前和父母住在一起,因为他们自己的房子正在重建。
is being rebuilt
3.The professor came to our school and __________________the
teachers and students.
那位教授来到我校并受到师生们的欢迎。
was welcomed by
4.As we all know, the university _____________its language and
culture courses which _________________international students.
众所周知,这所大学因其为国际学生设计的语言和文化课程而闻名。
is known for
are designed for
Ⅲ语法填空
We've all heard the advice to “get out of your comfort
zone” by taking on a new challenge. A recent study goes a
step further: make discomfort a direct goal. That's more likely to
motivate you than if you focus on 1.______ you hope to learn.
In the first of five experiments, the researchers assigned
several hundred students training at Second City Chicago
2.______________ (participate) in a small-group improvisation
(即兴表演) exercise, and then instructed half of the group that
what
to participate
their goal during the session was “to feel awkward and
3.______________ (comfortable)”. The rest, those in the control
group, 4.__________ (tell) to “feel yourself developing new skills”.
Members of the first group kept at the exercise longer than the
others did and took 5.________ (great) risks. Experiments
involving other dimensions of personal 6.________ (grow)—
engaging in expressive writing, learning about gun violence, and
hearing about opposing political beliefs—7.__________ (produce)
similar results.
uncomfortable
were told
greater
growth
produced
Reframing anxiety as excitement has been proven a way to
improve singing in front of strangers, and 8._________ (think) of
stress as a means to boost achievement a demonstrated stress-
management technique.
“When people reinterpret negative experiences as functional,
they are more willing to engage 9.___ tasks that call forth those
experiences,” the researchers explain. “Instead of seeing
discomfort as unrelated to the goal 10.____ a signal to stop,
they will start perceiving it as a sign of progress towards their
goal.”
thinking
in
or
Thank you
练 习 册
Ⅰ单句填空
1.—Have you handed in your schoolwork yet
—Yes, I have. I guess it ________________ (grade) now.
is being graded
2.When they got home they found that their house
_________________ (break) into and a lot of valuable things
stolen.
had been broken
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
3.People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, reading old
magazines, all of which ________________ (read) hundreds of
times previously.
4.Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming,
____________(regard) as one of the best all-round forms of
exercise.
have been read
is regarded
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
5.When fat and salt _____________(remove) from food, the food
tastes as if it is missing something.
are removed
6.His efforts paid off and the medicine
___________________(prove) to be very effective.
proved/has proved
7.I was sent to the village last month to see how the
development plan _________________ (carry) out in the following
two years.
would be carried
8.He ____________ for the accident last week, but actually, he is
not the one who is __________ for it.(blame)
was blamed
to blame
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Ⅱ语法与写作
1.The number of deaths from cancer ________________ greatly
if people _______________ to eat more fruit and vegetables.
如果说服人们多吃水果和蔬菜, 癌症死亡人数将大大减少。
will be reduced
are persuaded
2.All the factors had better _________________________________
when we make key decisions in our daily life.
当我们在日常生活中做出关键决定时,最好考虑到所有因素。
be taken into account/consideration
1
2
3
4
5
3.On the last day of our week-long stay, we _________________
______________________, listening to musicians and meeting
interesting locals.
在我们为期一周的逗留的最后一天, 我们应邀参加了一场私人音乐会,
聆听了音乐家(的演奏), 并遇见了有趣的当地人。
were invited to attend a private concert
4.When I entered the room, I found that the detailed
information of this activity ____________________ at the meeting.
当我走进房间时,我发现会议上正在讨论这项活动的详细信息。
was being discussed
1
2
3
4
5
5.Nowadays the funds ________________ to prevent the
endangered species from dying out.
如今(人们)正在筹款以阻止濒危物种灭绝。
are being raised
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅲ语篇填空
People in cities, 1._________ (trap) in the forest of steel-
and-cement structures for long, can't wait to embrace nature on
weekends. For those 2.________ (look) to escape the concrete
jungle, maybe it's time to dive into the bamboo forests of
southern Sichuan, China. A natural forest that the people in
Sichuan tend 3.________ (visit) is the Southern Sichuan Bamboo
Forest in Yibin.
trapped
looking
to visit
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
The 120-square-kilometre Bamboo Forest is the 4._______
(large) primeval bamboo park in China and its average
temperature seldom drops below 0 in winter 5.____________
many parts of the country are covered with snow and ice.
It has been a popular tourist attraction since scenes from
the Oscar-winning Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon 6.__________
(shoot) there in 2001. Two years later, it got an eco-tour
rating when it was listed 7.____ a world-class bamboo reserve
in December 2003, becoming the 8._______ (four) tourism
destination in China to be granted Green Globe 21 certification.
largest
when/while
were shot
as
fourth
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
The Bamboo Forest covers Changning and Jiang'an, two
counties of Yibin. Shocked by its vast expanse, Huang Tingjian,
9.___ poet in the Song Dynasty, described it as “bamboo
waves”. As Huang was an influential man of letters, his
10._____________(describe) gave rise to the forest's popular
nickname—the Bamboo Forest.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了宜宾的川南竹林。
a
description(s)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10