2025-2026学年上海市浦东新区高三上学期期中练习英语试题
（完卷时间：105分钟 满分：115分）
I. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Babies are less afraid when they can scent their mothers
Babies feel relieved by the presence of their mother’s scent, according to research that looked at how their brains respond to fear. The idea behind it is ___1___ a familiar scent can comfort babies. “Some doctors tell new mums to put a(n) ___2___ (wear) T-shirt in the bed with their baby,” says Sarah Jessen at the University of Lubeck in Germany.
___3___ (investigate) whether this works, Jessen presented photos of happy and fearful facial expressions to seventy six 7-month-old babies — the age by which they ___4___ (develop) their fear response. Each of the babies viewed the photos while they ___5___ (introduce) to either the familiar scent of their mother or a stranger’s scent. Jessen also measured electrical signals in the babies’ brains ___6___ (use) an EEG cap (脑电帽).
Before the experiment, all the babies’ mothers were given a cotton T-shirt, ___7___ they slept in for three nights in a row. The mothers ___8___ use their normal shampoo and soap but were asked not to use any new products.
___9___ (see) photographs of fearful facial expressions usually generates a fear response in babies, which includes a specific pattern of electrical activity in their brains. Jessen found that those who could scent their mother didn’t have this pattern, ___10___ those who sensed a stranger’s scent did.
These results suggest that a baby’s experience of scent can influence fear processing in their brain. Jessen says she wants to find out whether babies have a similar response to their father’s scent or to the scent of other people who they spend time ___11___.
She says research like this helps us understand how babies perceive the world and ___12___ influences their development. This understanding could potentially lead to the development of new strategies for helping babies.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. advocacy B. effectively C. endangered D. identified E. mirror F. polarizing G. promise H. promoting I. surfacing J. slightly K. income
Rewriting the Relationship Between Elephant and Keeper
In 2019, before Covid-19 damaged international tourism, Thailand was the eighth-most-visited country in the world, its 39.8 million international visitors generating 20% of the country’s GDP. Elephants are Thailand’s biggest attraction: The World Animal Protection Agency estimates that, before the pandemic, elephant tourism brought in a(n) ____13____ of $581-770 million USD every year.
The boom of elephant tourism has been accompanied by criticism, with reports ____14____ of animal abuse and a lack of government regulation. Since the 2000s, ____15____ for better elephant welfare has been raised by animal rights groups such as Lek Chailert of Elephant Nature Park.
In response to the criticism, the Thai government passed its first animal welfare act in 2014, and ____16____ ceased the illegal capture of wild elephants. Tourism companies stopped ____17____ elephant rides and shows. Instead, they began to advertise “ethical” elephant experiences and____18____ “no hook, no chain, no riding.”
The debate around elephant tourism is deeply ____19____, setting elephant welfare against Thai tradition. Thai laws ____20____ this duality (双重性), governing its wild and captive (圈养的) elephants as if they were entirely different creatures. Wild elephants are treated as a(n) ____21____ species and have lived in Thailand’s national parks protected by strict conservation laws since 1921. Its captive elephants, on the other hand, are working animals, governed by the department in charge of livestock.
Even though Thailand has more captive elephants than anywhere else in Asia, today, the country’s 3,837 captive elephants only _____22_____ outnumber the wild ones, caught as they are between a fading tradition and a booming industry. Ensuring elephant welfare isn’t as simple as setting all of them free.
II. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The widespread use of noise-cancelling headphones has revolutionized how people experience sound, offering a sense of peace in an increasingly noisy world. However, concerns are ___23___ about whether prolonged use of these devices may be linked to auditory (听觉) processing issues, particularly among young people.
One such case is Sophie, a 25-year-old assistant from London, who was diagnosed with auditory processing disorder (APD) after ___24___ to comprehend sounds in everyday environments. Despite having normal hearing, she often found herself unable to ___25___ the source of a noise in crowded places. Sophie, like many young people, regularly wears noise-cancelling headphones for up to five hours a day, leading her audiologist to question whether ___26___ reliance on these devices may have contributed to her condition.
APD is a neurological (神经的) disorder in which the brain finds it hard to ___27___ sound, even when hearing function is normal. It is commonly found in individuals who have suffered a brain injury, or experienced middle-ear infections as children. ___28___, a growing number of cases do not fit these traditional categories, causing audiologists to investigate whether ___29___ factors, such as noise-cancelling headphones, could be influencing auditory development. The issue is becoming more ___30___, with multiple NHS audiology departments in the UK reporting an increase in young people seeking help for hearing difficulties.
Experts suggest that prolonged use of noise-cancelling headphones may create a “false auditory environment”, conditioning the brain to ___31___ background noise entirely rather than learning to manage and process it. This can make it difficult for individuals to distinguish relevant sounds in real-world ____32____, such as conversations in crowded rooms or alarms in public spaces. Claire Benton, vice-president of the British Academy of Audiology, warns that high-level listening skills continue developing into the late teens, and if young people primarily rely on noise isolation during this critical period, it could potentially ____33____ their ability to process speech and noise effectively.
Despite these concerns, noise-cancelling headphones are not without ____34____. Their ability to reduce ____35____ to harmful high-frequency sounds can protect long-term hearing health, and they are particularly valuable for individuals who experience anxiety in noisy environments. However, experts recommend limiting headphone usage, combining background noise into daily life, and ____36____ auditory training exercises to strengthen the brain’s natural sound-processing abilities.
While noise-cancelling headphones are not ____37____ proven to cause APD, their overuse may contribute to weakened auditory processing skills, making it harder for individuals to adapt to real-world sound environments. As technology continues to shape the way people interact with sound, striking a balance between noise control and auditory stimulation will be essential in maintaining healthy hearing and cognitive processing.
23. A. persisting B. growing C. fading D. varying
24 A. pretending B. managing C. struggling D. learning
25. A. rate B. revise C. employ D. identify
26. A. unreasonable B. uncritical C. medical D. mental
27. A. perceive B. release C. balance D. reflect
28. A. Therefore B. However C. Furthermore D. Otherwise
29. A. structural B. external C. moral D. historical
30. A. technical B. minor C. apparent D. systemic
31. A. filter out B. adapt to C. rely on D. turn into
32. A. schedules B. settings C. devices D. diagrams
33. A. postpone B. restore C. improve D. measure
34. A. options B. risks C. standards D. benefits
35. A. resistance B. reaction C. exposure D. sensitivity
36. A. calling off B. sorting out C. engaging in D. applying for
37. A. awkwardly B. hesitantly C. flexibly D. conclusively
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Gabriela worked for a multinational company as a successful project manager in Brazil and was transferred to manage a team in Sweden. She was excited about her new role but soon realised that managing her new team would be a challenge.
Despite their friendliness, Gabriela didn’t feel respected as a leader. Her new staff would question her proposals openly in meetings, and when she announced her decisions on the project, they would continue giving their opinions as if it was still up for discussion.
What Gabriela was experiencing was a cultural conflict in expectations. She was used to a more hierarchical framework where the team leader and manager took control and gave specific instructions on how things were to be done. This more directive management style worked well for her and her team in Brazil but did not transfer well to her new team in Sweden, who were more used to a flatter hierarchy where decision making was more democratic.
Dutch social psychologist Geert Hofstede uses the concept of “power distance” to describe how power is distributed and how hierarchy is perceived in different cultures. In her previous work environment, Gabriela was used to a high power distance culture where power and authority are respected and everyone has their rightful place. In such a culture, leaders make the big decisions and are not often challenged. Her Swedish team, however, were used to working in a low power distance culture where subordinates often work together with their bosses to find solutions and make decisions. Here, leaders act as coaches or mentors who encourage independent thought and expect to be challenged.
When Gabriela became aware of the cultural differences between her and her team, she took the initiative to have an open conversation with them about their feelings about her leadership. Pleased to be asked for their thoughts, Gabriela’s team openly expressed that they were not used to being told what to do. They enjoyed having more room for initiative and creative freedom.
With a better understanding of the underlying reasons behind each other’s behaviour, Gabriela and her team were able to adapt their way of working. Gabriela was then able to make adjustments to her management style so as to better fit the expectations of her team and more effectively motivate her team to achieve their goals.
38. Gabriela found it a challenge to manage her new team because her Swedish team ____________.
A. preferred discussions to giving opinions B. lacked clear communication guidelines
C. valued cooperative decision-making D. tended to keep a leader at a distance
39. The word “hierarchical” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ____________.
A structured B. external C. de-centralised D. short-sighted
40. Which of the following describes behaviors typical in a low power distance culture
① The manager acts as a guide but encourages input from the team. ② Team members do not usually challenge the manager. ③ The manager involves the team in making decisions together. ④ The manager has a lot of control over what happens. ⑤ Team members can take the initiative to do things their way.
A. ①④⑤ B. ②③④ C. ①③⑤ D. ③④⑤
41. What’s the main idea of the passage
A. Strict hierarchies ensure successful projects globally.
B. Power distance solves cultural conflicts effectively.
C. Swedish teams resist leadership due to lower expectation.
D. Cultural hierarchy gaps require adapting management styles.
(B)
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44. Where on the webpage can this information be located
A. Home B. Agenda C. Pricing D. Speakers
(C)
The term “filmmaking” arouses Hollywood charm and luxurious backdrops. But it also has an important place in anthropology (人类学), the scientific study of mankind, as one of the many tools and technologies these scientists use to understand communities, relationships, cultures and history.
During the annual Mother Tongue Film Festival, anthropological filmmaking and digital storytelling take centerstage in the Festival’s exploration of the healing power of language and storytelling.
Dr. kos st r and Dr. Lina Fruzzetti, two filmmaker-anthropologists at Brown University, are co-creators of six of the Festival’s films. Recently, they donated nine ethnographic (人种志的) films to the National Museum of Natural History’s Human Studies Film Archives (HSFA) — a film collection within the National Anthropological Archives (NAA) that is maintained for future generations to learn more about people across the world and their global history.
“This is a moving, visual record of the world and one way in which we further the preservation of the world’s diversity for communities and researchers,” said Dr. Joshua Bell, curator (馆长) of globalization, co-director of the NAA at the museum.
Anthropological films will always have a home in the HSFA, because they combine research with lived experience. “There is nothing like film to convey the rich complexity of other people’s lives outside of meeting them. The medium transports people and moves them. It’s very powerful,” said Bell.
Through visual ethnography, anthropologists strive to document social dynamics and traditions. But the field has slight differences. For example, filming can change how people interact with each other. It might make them hold back their words and their emotions. Over time, anthropologists have adapted to this, and have come to embrace their roles as active participants in the filmmaking.
“It’s shifted from using the camera as a window into a world and instead anthropologists now use the camera as a door that people can walk through. The creating process is much more dialogical,” said Bell.
But even though past films were partial “windows” into societies and were shaped by preoccupations of the filmmakers, they still hold value for anthropologists seeking to contextualize the discipline, and for communities themselves seeking to understand their history.
Since the late 60s ethnographic filmmaking has been facing its colonial origins and moving beyond it. The field now works with communities in partnerships rather than distancing them. Anthropologists like Fruzzetti and st r recognize that cultivating long-term, trust-based relationships is crucial before any camerawork can begin.
45. Which of the following is true about the annual Mother Tongue Film Festival
A. It aims to showcase award-winning international films.
B. It highlights the healing ability of storytelling and language.
C. It focuses on new technologies for digital storytelling.
D. It promotes cooperation between filmmakers and Hollywood.
46. By comparing the camera to a “door” instead of a “window” (Para 7), Bell implied that ____________.
A. filmmaking requires more active engagement with communities
B. modern cameras are more portable and multifunctional for fieldwork
C. anthropologists are better at capturing grand scenic landscapes
D. film technology guarantees easy access to closed community
47. According to anthropologists like Fruzzetti and st r, why is building trust-based relationships crucial before filming
A. To ensure the maintenance of friendship.
B. To avoid legal conflicts over film ownership.
C. To step up cooperation in the long term.
D. To capture cultural practices in their true form.
48. What is the main idea of the passage
A. How film festivals explore the power of language.
B. How filmmaking greatly boosts community values.
C. How film helps to gain insight into the world’s diversity.
D. How anthropologists use cameras to study social dynamics.
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
People with a sweet tooth may also be sweeter people
Research has shown that a preference for sweet foods is associated with agreeableness. ____49____ These links can be explained based on conceptual metaphor theory (概念隐喻理论). ____50____ According to the theory, metaphoric mappings are cognitive (认知的) associations, often learned through experience, that finally allow people to think about abstract concepts in terms that are more readily noticeable, such as taste.
A new journal article published this week aimed to examine whether the association between sweet taste preferences and agreeableness occurs across cultures. ____51____ Participants completed a 10-item agreeableness scale that asked them how much certain statements describe them using a 1 (very inaccurate) to 5 (very accurate) scale, for example “sympathize with others’ feelings,” “take time out for others,” “have a soft heart”. Participants also completed a sweet taste preference scale, which had ten items (e. g. candy, chocolate cake, honey, etc.)that they rated using a 1 (dislike strongly) to 6 (like strongly) scale. Additionally, participants rated how much they liked five taste types: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and spicy.
____52____ Particularly, people who like sweet foods are more likely to “sympathize with others’ feelings,” “take time out for others,” “have a soft heart,” and so on. Therefore, the study’s results suggest that people across cultures use sweet taste experiences to understand or conceptualize niceness in line with the theory framework.
A. The association matches terms sometimes used to describe kind and nice people (“sweet” or “sweetie”).
B. It reveals a cross-cultural evidence of sweet taste preferences.
C. To answer this question, the study tested 1650 participants from four countries.
D. As the findings suggested, significant connection between agreeableness and the two measures of taste preferences exists across all samples, contrasting the earlier findings.
E. The central idea of it is that metaphors map abstract concepts (e. g. niceness) on more specific areas (e. g. sweet taste experiences) to aid understanding.
F. The study found that agreeableness was positively related with the two different measures of sweet taste preferences in all the samples.
IV. Summary Writing
53. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 70 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Dumb phones (非智能手机) are making a comeback
It is hard to imagine life without a smartphone these days. Nine in ten American adults own one, and they spend 3 hours and 45 minutes on them a day, on average. New versions updated with artificial intelligence may be even harder to put down.
Yet a market is also growing for phones that are simple-designed. These dumb phones account for just 2% of phone sales in America. But demand is growing. In 2016, a Finnish firm bought the rights to relaunch the devices of Nokia, which is now selling “tens of thousands” of flip-phones (翻盖式手机) a month in America.
Dumb phones today do not only copy those of the past, though. Startups offer simple-designed devices of their own. One example is the Light Phone, which is shaped like an iPod and has an e-ink screen like a Kindle. It also allows users to add optional “tools” including a podcast-player and a directions app.
What explains the return of the dumb phone One factor is anxiety over the impact of smartphones — and social-media apps in particular — on young people’s mental health. That is why Eton, a well-known British school, announced in July that it would bar its future prime ministers from bringing smartphones to school, and would provide them with Nokia phones instead.
But plenty of grownups are also choosing dumb phones of their own free will. Jose Briones, who hosts a conference focused on dumb phones on Reddit, a social-media site, switched to the Light Phone after growing alarmed at his rising screen-time record. Like many new comers, he still keeps a smartphone for situations such as travelling abroad. Other smartphone addicts are instead choosing to simplify their devices, either by deleting apps or downloading ones that control screen time, of which there are a growing number.
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VI. Guided Writing
54. Directions: Write an English composition in about 100-120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
你是明启中学高二学生李华，你们学校英语报开设了一个Advice Column专栏。学生George来信抱怨父母不尊重他关于社团（club）选择的决定并求助。请你通过该专栏给他写封回信：
1.提出你的建议；
2.简要说明你的理由。
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