Unit 1 The mass media Grammar and usage(I) 课件(共22张PPT)-译林版（2019）选择性必修第二册

(共22张PPT)
Unit 1 The mass media
Grammar and Usage(I)
Past Perfect Tense:过去完成时
Lead-in
1. What do you know about the following picture
Time:
The name of the picture:
historical event:
prize:
On October 25, 1971
The restoration of all the powers of China in the UN.
Pulizer Photography Prize普利策摄影奖
Qiao’s Laugh
2. Some pictures that won Pulizer Photography Prize
A man holds his two nephews after an Israeli strike on a residential building in Gaza(加沙） City, October 25, 2023. (Photo by Yasser Qudih.)
3. What do you know about Joseph Pulitzer
Joseph Pulitzer was one of the most prominent US journalists and publisher of his times, who initiated the pattern of modern newspaper.
约瑟夫·普利策是当时美国最杰出的记者和出版人之一，开创了现代报纸的模式。
Joseph Pulitzer was born on April 10, 1847, in Hungary. He moved to America and became an American citizen in the 1860s. He had a number of different jobs after he moved to America. He regularly visited the library and studied English and law—by then he had learned very little English. While in the library one day, he began chatting to two editors of a German-language newspaper. They offered him a job.
约瑟夫·普利策于1847年4月10日出生于匈牙利。19世纪60年代，他移居美国，成为美国公民。他移居美国后做过许多不同的工作。他经常去图书馆，学习英语和法律，那时他几乎没有学过英语。一天，在图书馆里，他开始和一家德语报纸的两位编辑聊天。他们给了他一份工作。
Pulitzer quickly became a successful journalist and by the age of 25, he had become a publisher.
普利策很快成为一名成功的记者，25岁时，他成为了一名出版商。
P6
Part A
In 1878, he founded the newspaper the St Louis Post-Dispatch. Pulitzer worked tirelessly, from early in the morning until midnight. His paper published articles about politics and social issues, accusing government officials of dishonesty and wealthy people of not paying their taxes. Sales of the newspaper shot up. In 1883, Pulitzer bought the New York World. He used the same business strategy he had employed at the St Louis Post-Dispatch and sales of the newspaper mounted up until it was the bestselling newspaper in the country.
1878年，他创办了《圣路易斯邮报》。普利策从早到晚不知疲倦地工作。他的报纸发表了有关政治和社会问题的文章，指责政府官员不诚实，富人不纳税。报纸的销量急剧上升。1883年，普利策买下《纽约世界报》。他采用了他在《圣路易斯邮报》时采用的经营策略，报纸的销量节节攀升，最终成为全国最畅销的报纸。
Pulitzer was the first to advocate the training of journalists at university level. In 1892, he offered Columbia University money to start a school of journalism. Of this decision he said, “I am deeply interested in the progress and elevation of journalism ... regarding it as a noble profession and one of unequaled importance for its influence upon the minds and morals of the people.” Pulitzer died in 1911. One year after his death, the Columbia School of Journalism was established. Six years after his death, the first Pulitzer Prizes were awarded.
普利策是第一个提倡在大学层面对记者进行培训的人。1892年，他向哥伦比亚大学提供资金开办新闻学院。关于这一决定，他说：“我对新闻业的进步和提升深感兴趣…认为这是一种高尚的职业，对人们的思想和道德具有无与伦比的重要性。”普利策于1911年去世。他去世一年后，哥伦比亚大学新闻学院成立。他死后六年，首届普利策奖颁发。
Find the sentences using the past perfect tense in part A.
1. He regularly visited the library and studied English and Law－by then he had learnt very little English.
2. ... by the age of 25, he had become a publisher.
3. He used the same business strategy he had employed at the St Louis Post-Dispatch and sales of the newspaper mounted up until it was the bestselling newspaper in the country.
Working out the rules
We often use the past perfect tense to talk about something that happened (1) _________ (before/after) a past action or state.
The verb form of the past perfect tense is “(2)___________ (have/had done)”.
before
had done
Go through the notes on page 98.
过去完成时主要用来表示在过去某一时间之前发生的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去，通常与一般过去时连用。
定义
肯定式为__________________；
否定式为__________________；
被动式为__________________。
had done
had not done
had been done
基本结构
过去完成时的基本用法
1. 表示在过去的某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态。
① Before we got to the train station, the train had already left.
我们到达火车站之前，火车就已经离开了。
② Before I could say “thank you”, he had run away.
我还没来得及说“谢谢”，他就跑开了。
2. 表示本打算实现而未实现的愿望和计划，主要有want（想要）、hope（希望）、intend（打算）、expect（预料）等词。
① I had intended to meet him at the airport, but I had an important meeting to attend.
我本打算去机场接他，但是我有个重要的会议要参加。
② I had hoped to take a vocation this year but I was not able to go.
我原打算今年去度假，可是我去不了。
3 在句型Hardly/Scarcely…when…和 No sooner…than…中，主句常用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时，表示“一……就……”。Hardly, Scarcely, No sooner位于句首，句子要部分倒装。
① Hardly had he got into his big office when the telephone rang.
他一进入他的大办公室,电话铃就响了。
② No sooner had he got to the station than the bus arrived.
他一到车站，公交车就来了。
4. 表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一个时间的动作，常用的时间状语有by, when, for。
① By the end of last term, we had learnt 2,000 English words.
到上学期期末为止，我们已经学习了2,000个英语单词了。
② When the last term ended, we had learnt English for more than seven years.
到上学期期末为止，我们已经学了七年多英语了。
◆ by + 过去时间， 主语+谓语（had+ done）
◆ by + 现在时间, 主语+谓语（have/has done）
◆ by + 将来时间， 主语+谓语（will have done）
1. By now, we _______________(master) a significant number of new words.
2. By last week, we _____________(finish) Book 4.
3. By 2027, we ___________________(graduate) from school.
have mastered
had finished
will have graduated
4. 表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一个时间的动作，常用的时间状语有by, when, for。
1. It/That was+ the first/ second…+ time+ that从句，从句谓语常用过去完成时。
It was the first time that I had visited the Great Wall.
这是我第一次参观长城。
2. It was+一段时间+since从句，从句谓语用过去完成时。
It was three years since he had joined the army.
他参军三年了。
过去完成时用于一些固定句型
B1 Circle the mistakes and correct them in the blanks below.
1) Pulitzer knew that he had learnt very little English, so he had started
to work hard at the language.
_______________________________________________________
2) Pulitzer was very hard-working. Quite often, when he arrived home
at midnight, he was working for over 10 hours.
______________________________________________________
3) For the time he was 25, Pulitzer had become a journalist and
publisher.
______________________________________________________
4) Many of the best reporters have worked for his paper before its
failure in 1931.
________________________________________________________
had started 去掉 had
was working 改成 had worked
For 改成 By
have worked 改成 had worked
B1
Applying the rules
win(赢得，获得) build(建立) intend(预期，打算)
award(n.奖励 v.授予, 颁发) allow(允许)
Below is a passage about the Pulitzer plete it with the correct forms of the verbs in the box below.
The Pulitzer Prizes are a set of 21 awards honoring excellence in journalism and the arts. The prizes were established largely due to the efforts of Joseph Pulitzer, who (1) __________ his reputation(名声) as a newspaper publisher. He left money in his 1904 will(遗嘱) to fund(资助) the establishment(设立/建立) of the prizes, stating(声明) that he wanted four awards in journalism(新闻业), four in letters(文学) and drama, one for education, and five traveling scholarships(旅行奖学金).
had built
普利策奖由21个奖项组成，旨在表彰新闻和艺术方面的杰出成就。
B2
Since the first prizes (2) ______________ in 1917, there have been many winners(获奖者/赢家) and many people have won more than once. Past winners include such famous names as Eugene O’Neill(尤金·奥尼尔). When O’Neill received the Pulitzer Prize in Drama in 1957, it was the fourth time he
(3) ______________ one.
were awarded
had won
win build intend award allow
It/That was+ the first/ second…+ time+ that从句，从句谓语常用过去完成时。
自从
such as 例如
There have been a number of changes to the Pulitzer Prizes over time. Some of these resulted from(由...引起) advances in technology. (科技进步). For example, online content from newspaper websites(新闻网站上的线上内容) (4) __________________ in all of the journalism categories(新闻类别) since 2006. The Pulitzer Prizes have also expanded to include such categories as photography and music. Nevertheless(不过，然而), journalism is still what the Pulitzer Prizes are best known for. Today, winning the Pulitzer Prizes is considered by many to be the highest achievement possible in journalism —— just as Pulitzer (5) ____________.
has been allowed
intended
win build intend award allow
Thank you!