2025-2026学年上海市华东模范中学高二上学期12月月考英语试题
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A 10分
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A Great Friendship
Thomas Jefferson and James Madison met in 1776. Could it have been any other year They worked together and started to further American Revolution and later to shape the official new plan of the government,___1___(develop) a close friendship, which lasted for 50 years. There were____2____(share) purposes and a common end on both sides. Four and a half months_____3_____he died, when he was ill and worried about his family, Jefferson wrote to his longtime friend. His words and Madison's reply remind us that friends are friends till death.
"The friendship which _____4_____(exist)between us for half a century, the harmony of our political principles an pursuits have been sources of constant happiness to me through that long period. it's also been a great comfort to me ___5___(believe)that you are engaged in vindicating(证实)to the younger generation the course that we've pursued for preserving to them. If ever the earth has noticed a system of administration conducted with_____6_____single and keen eye to the general interest and happiness of those committed to, it must be the system protected by truth, to____7____ our lives have been devoted. To myself, you have been a great supporter throughout life. Take care of me when dead and be assured that I should leave with you my last affections.”
A week later, Madison replied.
“You cannot look back_____8_____ the long period of our private friendship and political harmony with more affecting recollections than I do. ___9___they are a source of pleasure to you, they are the same to me. We cannot be deprived(失去)of the happy consciousness of the pure devotion to the public goodand I have confidence ____10____ sufficient evidence will find its way to another generation to ensure, after we are gone, whatever of justice may be withheld while we are here.”
Section B 10分
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. alarming B. properties C. revealed D. invasive E. rescue F. instrumental G. households H. document I. concerned J. amateur K. initiatives
Before science became professionalized in the 19th century, ___11___ naturalists were collecting information and helping us understand the natural world. A 2009 study found that nearly 50% of UK ___12___ feed wild birds. The National Trust has more than 5 million members, and 60,000 active volunteers helping to protect the countryside as well as historic ___13___. Now, with our environment arguably under greater threat than ever and species declining at a(n) ___14___ rate, volunteers are once again at the forefront of efforts to limit the damage.
Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. On the Isle of Man more than 8,000 people (nearly 10% of the population) are involved in regular weekend beach cleans. At one recent event, 123 volunteers turned up and removed 183 bags of litter in just a couple of hours. Thanks to ___15___ such as this, the island shares Unesco biosphere reserve status with the Galápagos, Yellowstone in the US, Uluru in Australia, and hundreds of other sites.
Recreational divers are making a real difference underwater too. They monitor the spread of ___16___ species, and record how native species respond. Divers also ___17___ levels of marine litter and other human impacts. Volunteer divers have played an important role in collecting information about marine conservation zones. Volunteers have also made a vital contribution to the conservation of basking sharks. The work of a citizen science Basking Shark Project in the 1980s and 90s was ___18___ in getting these sharks on the protected species list in the UK, while satellite tagging ___19___ the first recorded transatlantic crossing by a basking shark.
Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. No one can know better, or care more about, our most special places than the people who live in them and give up their free time to look after them. As a group of divers and ___20___ residents who lived on the shores of the bay, they took their campaign on to national and international stages and continue to inspire people who might otherwise feel powerless when faced with threats to the places that matter to them.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A 15分
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Standards for Schools: Developing Organizational Accountability(绩效)
Quality teaching depends on teachers' knowledge and skills but on the environment in which they work. Schools need to offer a coherent curriculum focused on higher-order thinking and performance across subject areas and grades, time for teachers to work____21____with students to accomplish challenging goals, opportunities for teachers to plan with and learn from one another, and regular occasions to evaluate the outcomes of their____22____.
If schools are to become more responsible, they must, like other professional organizations, make evaluation and assessment part of their everyday lives. Just as hospitals have standing committees of staff that meet regularly to look at evaluation data and discuss the____23____of each aspect of their work-a practice reinforced by their accreditation requirements,---schools must have such regular occasions to examine their practice and effectiveness.
As Richard Rothstein and his colleagues describe in Grading Education: Getting Accountability Right, school-level accountability can be supported by school ____24____, like those common in many other nations, in which trained experts evaluate schools by spending several days visiting classrooms,_____25_____samples of student work, and interviewing students about their understanding and their experiences,_____26_____looking at objective data such as test scores, graduation rates, and so on. In some cases, principals accompany the inspectors into classrooms and are asked for their own evaluations of the lessons. In this way, the inspectors are able to make ____27____about the instructional and supervisory competence(能力)of principals. As described earlier, inspectors may also play a role in ensuring the ____28____ and comparability of school-based assessments(as in England and Australia), as well as schools internal assessment and evaluation process(as in Hong Kong).
In most countries’ inspection systems, schools are rated on the quality of instruction and other services and supports, as well as students’_____29_____and progress in a wide range of aspects, including and going beyond academic subject areas, such as extra-curricular, personal and social_______30_______, the acquisition of workplace skills and the________31________to which students are encouraged to adopt safe practices and a _______32_______lifestyle. Schools are rated as to whether they pass inspection, need modest improvements, or require serious intervention(介入), and they receive extensive feedback on what the inspections both saw and ________33________. Reports are publicly posted. Schools requiring intervention are then given more expert ______34______and support, and are placed on a more frequent schedule of visits. Those that persistently fail to pass may be placed under local government control and could be______35______ if they are not improved.
21. A. occasionally B. closely C. strictly D. peacefully
22. A. challenges B. competence C. curriculum D. practices
23. A. effectiveness B. faults C. progress D. requirements
24. A. instruction B. protection C. inspection D. consideration
25 A. taking B. improving C. examining D. copying
26. A. as far as B. rather than C. other than D. as well as
27. A. judgments B. decisions C. inquiries D. suggestions
28. A. quantity B. quality C. instruction D. support
29. A. education B. performance C. attention D. interest
30. A. responsibility B. structure C. resources D. benefits
31. A. frequency B. cons C. satisfaction D. extent
32. A. comparable B. health C. different D. unique
33. A. appreciated B. criticized C. recommended D. rewarded
34. A. attention B. programs C. evaluation D. explanations
35. A. set down B. put down C. closed down D. pulled down
Section B 22分
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Have you ever had the experience of talking to someone and you think they are lying Well, you are not alone. We’ve all had that feeling. But did you know that there are several things you can look for to see if you are being lied to
Sometimes you can tell if a person is lying by observing what they do with their body. When people are lying they tend not to move their arms, hands or legs very far form their body. They don’t want to take up very much space because they don’t want to be noticed. Sometimes a person who is lying will not look you in the eyes. Other times people who lie try to look at you in a strong way because they want to convince you they are telling the truth.
Liars also use deflection. For example, if you ask a liar the question“did you steal Fatima’s bag ”，they may answer with something like“Fatima is my friend, why would I do that ”in this situation the person is telling the truth, but they are also not answering the question. They are trying to deflect your attention. Liars may also give too many details. They may try to over-explain things. They do this because they want to convince you of what they are saying.
Often when a person is lying, they do not want to continue talking about their lie. If you think someone is lying, quickly change the subject. If the person is lying, they will appear more comfortable because they are not talking about their lie any longer. A little later, change the subject back to what you were talking about before. If the person seems uncomfortable again, they may be lying.
It’s very hard for a liar to avoid filling silence created by you. He or she wants you to believe the lies being woven; silence gives no feedback on whether or not you’ve bought the story. If you’re a good listener, you’ll already be avoiding interruptions, which in itself is a great technique to let the story unfold.
Just because a person is showing these behaviors, it doesn’t mean they are lying. They might be shy or nervous. But if you think someone is lying, you might want to use some of these techniques. Hopefully, you won’t need to very often.
36. By saying“Liars also use deflection.”，the writer means that liars may ______.
A. tell great stories B. change tone of voice
C. ask a question in reply D. avoid direct answers
37. According to the passage, a person could be lying if he or she ___.
A. offers more information than necessary
B. appears to be shy or nervous
C. changes the subject of the conversation
D. speaks very fast and vaguely
38. Which of the following can be learned from the passage
A. liars always try to avoid direct eye contact when they tell lies
B. we can make people lie by changing the subject in a conversation
C. liars are often expansive in hand and arm movements while talking
D. we make liars uncomfortable by giving no feedback in a conversation
39. The passage mainly talks about ____.
A. who deceives us B. why people tell lies
C. how to detect lies D. what to do with liars
(B)
More On: Go to greg Is omitting jobs from a resume lying ----------------------- How to handle stress at work ------------------------ How can men and women work better together ------------------------ How will cancer treatment affect my son’s resume ------------------------ What to do if you drank too much at the company holiday party Letter 1 January 28, 2018 | 3:31pm I work for an e-commerce Website. If one of our merchandisers has a question or wants to make a correction, they e-mail the entire department. In my opinion, this is rude and unnecessary. It seems to me that mass e-mail is appropriate for good or neutral news, rather than making a correction. Do you agree Moreover, if you were the recipient of the correction, how would you respond The only people who should be included in an e-mail are those who need to know or respond. Including everyone is rude and unprofessional as well as annoying to recipients. It’s not like we don’t have enough in our inbox already. I don’t agree that e-mail is only for good or neutral news, however. Sometimes you need to alert people or create a record of bad news. But no one should use e-mail to blame other people. If you’ve got a problem with someone, pick up the phone or take it outside (for a coffee, not a fist fight…geez). As for how to respond, e-mail is usually ineffective for resolving conflict. Have a conversation with the sender and explain why his or her approach isn’t the best and what you recommend.
Letter 2 January 14, 2018 | 9:24 pm It’s the start of a new year and I believe it’s time for a change. What’s the best way to explain to a prospective employer that you are in need of something new without seeming flighty and without complaining about your current employer The new year is as good a time as any to take stock, but not the only reason for making a change. At least, that’s not what you communicate to a prospective employer. Your reason for looking for a new job is less important to your new employer than why you want to work there. Needing a change might be the catalyst(催化剂), but the job search is like dating, and you wouldn’t ask someone out and explain you’re just bored in your current relationship, right At least I hope not, otherwise you’re likely to be as lonely as Barry Manilow sounds when he sings “It’s Just Another New Year’s Eve”.
40. What is discussed in the first letter
A. How to ask questions in a polite way. B. How to respond to a false charge.
C. How to make a correction at work. D. How to handle rude mass emails at work.
41. According to Greg, expressing your dissatisfaction with your present job in an interview would be the same as __________.
A. talking about your family issues in public
B. complaining about your prior partner on a first date
C. demonstrating your qualifications to your new boss
D. bragging about your experience to your partner
42. It can be inferred that “go to greg” mainly offers advice on people’s __________.
A. career choices B. social relationships
C. working problems D. health problems
(C)
Dusty Nash, an angelic-looking blond child of seven, awoke at 5 one recent morning in his Chicago home and began to throw a fit. He cried and kicked. Every muscle in his 50-lb. body flew in violent motion. Finally, after about 30 minutes, Dusty pulled himself together sufficiently to head downstairs for breakfast. While his mother was busy in the kitchen, the extremely excited child pulled a box of Kix cereal from the cupboard and sat on a chair.
But sitting still was not easy this morning. After grabbing some cereal with his hands, he began kicking the box, scattering little round corn puffs across the room. Next he turned his attention to the TV set, or rather, the table supporting it. The table was covered with a check-board con-tact paper, and Dusty began peeling it off. Then he became interested in the spilled cereal and started smashing it into bits.
It was only 7: 30, and his mother Kyle Nash, who teaches a medical-school course on death and dying, was already feeling half dead from exhaustion. Dusty was to see his doctors that day at 4, and they had asked her not to give the boy the drug he usually takes to control his extreme excitement and attention problems, a condition known as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). It was going to be a very long day without help from Ritain, a powerful drug which some people take for pleasure, but which they can become addicted to.
Karenne Bloomgarden remembers such days all too well. The spirited, 43-year-old boss and gym teacher was a disaster as a child growing up in New Jersey. “I did very poorly in school,” she recalls. Her teachers and parents were constantly on her case for tough behavior. “They just felt I was being bad--- too loud, too physical, too everything.” A naughty tomboy with few friends, she saw a psychologist at age 10. “but nobody came up with a diagnosis”. As a teenager she began prescribing her own medication: marijuana, and later cocaine.
The athletic Bloomgarden managed to get into college, but she admits that she cheated her way to a diploma. “I would study and study, and I wouldn’t remember a thing. I really felt it was my fault.” After graduating, she did fine in physically active jobs but was anxious about administrative work. Then, four years ago, a doctor put a label on her troubles: ADHD. “It's been such a weigh off my shoulders” says Bloomgarden, who takes both stimulant Ritalin and the antidepressant Zoloft to improve her concentration. “I had 38 years of thinking I was a bad person. Now I’m rewriting the tapes of who I thought I was to who I really am.”
43. What does the phrase “throw a fit” in the 1st paragraph probably mean
A. turn oneself around casually
B. fall down to the ground carelessly
C. lose ones temper suddenly
D. shout and complain loudly
44. Why did Dusty Nash mess the room
A. He was reluctant to listen to his mother
B. He couldn't focus on anything for a while.
C. He forgot to take the medicine he usually took.
D. He was afraid to see the doctor with his mother.
45. The passage is chiefly concerned with .
A. the visible symptoms of the disease ADHD
B. the precise definition of the disease ADHD
C. Dusty’s experiences in his childhood and college
D Karenne’s confessing of cheating to get a diploma
46. What can be inferred from the passage
A. Dusty went to see his private doctor every week in the past years
B. Dusty’s mother took care of him till he was admitted to a college.
C. A psychologist examined Karenne and cured her serious disease.
D. Karenne didn't know herself well until she was diagnosed with ADHD.
Section C 8分
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
The Minoans: A Forgotten People
The first advanced culture in ancient Greece was the Minoan culture. For thousands of years, knowledge of these people survived only in Greek myths. In the late 19th century, archaeologists began to unearth ruins. This inspired Arthur Evans to begin digging on the island of Crete near mainland Greece. On a dig in Knossos, Evans found an ancient palace. Experts think that it was the palace of King Minos, a central figure in many Greek myths.
____47____ With his team he uncovered a vast structure, varied works of art, and many hieroglyphic records. These finds, together with later finds, comprise all that experts know about Minoan culture.
From the evidence experts gathered, it is clear that the Minoans were ahead of their time. The palace at Knossos was five floors high with hundreds of rooms. Buildings throughout the ancient city had plumbing and flush toilets. Stone pavement lined the surfaces of the roads. In addition, the Minoans possessed a highly developed naval fleet for long-distance trade. ____48____ These records confirm the central role of commerce in culture.
Their analysis of the evidence also offers insight into some aspects of Minoan society. ____49____ Ruins and artwork suggest that people of all classes enjoyed a high degree of social and gender equality. Religious icons (图符) show that Minoans worshiped bulls, the natural world, and many female gods.
An unusual feature of Minoans culture was the pursuit of leisure interests. Sport and visual arts were central to Minoan life. Boxing and bull jumping, a sport in which players jumped over live bulls, were popular. Although bull jumping may have served some ritual purpose, experts believe that it was done mostly for fun. Similarly, although some works of art showed political and religious themes, other works served only as pleasant decor (装饰品). ____50____
The Minoans met their demise after a series of natural disasters. Experts believe that group from the Greek mainland capitalized on these events and looked over the island.
A. Some experts think that the wealth gained from trade allowed for such leisure in sports and the arts.
B. Experts believe that a king and mostly a female priest ruled the government and controlled trade.
C. In ancient Greek myths, Minoan society was quite prosperous and highly civilized.
D. The palace that Evans unearthed a century ago was the first proof of Minoan culture.
E. Minoan culture didn’t exist before Arthur Evans discovered the palace under the earth.
F. Although not yet decoded, written script on clay tablets appears to list trade accounts.
IV. Summary Writing 10分
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
A Workaholic Economy
Although the output per hour of work has more than doubled since 1945, leisure seems reserved largely for the unemployed and underemployed. Those who work full-time spend as much time on the job as they did at the end of World War Ⅱ. In fact, working hours have increased noticeably since 1970. Bookstores now abound with manuals describing how to manage time and cope with stress.
There are mainly two reasons for lost leisure.
Since 1970, companies have responded to improvements in the business climate by having employees work overtime rather than by hiring extra personnel. Some firms are even downsizing as their profits climb. A host of factors pushes employers to hire fewer workers for more hours and, at the same time, compels workers to spend more time on the job. Most of those incentives(诱因) involve the structure of compensation(报酬). The way salaries and benefits are organized makes it more profitable to ask 40 employees to labor an extra hour each than to hire one more worker to do the same 40-hour job. Once people are on salary, their cost to a firm is the same whether they spend 35 hours a week in the office or 70. Therefore, it is more profitable for employers to work their existing employees harder.
For all that employees complain about long hours, they, too, have reasons not to trade money for leisure. “People who work reduced hours pay a huge penalty in career terms,” Bailyn of Massachusetts Institute of Technology maintains. “It’s taken as a negative signal about their commitment to the firm.” He adds that many corporate managers find it difficult to measure the contribution of their employees to a firm’s well-being, so they estimate staff productivity in terms of hours worked. Employees know this, and they adjust their behavior accordingly.
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