2025-2026学年上海市南洋模范中学高三上学期期中考试英语试卷II.Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Jane Goodall, Who Chronicled (详实记载) the Social Lives of Chimps, Dies at 91
By Keith Schneider, The New York Times, Published Oct. 1,2025
Her discoveries as a primatologist in the 1960s about how chimpanzees behave in the wild were hailed as “one of the Western world’s great scientific achievements”.
Jane Goodall, one of the world’s most revered conservationists, who earned scientific stature and global celebrity by chronicling the distinctive behavior of wild chimpanzees in East Africa—primates ____1____ made and used tools, ate meat, held rain dances and engaged in organized warfare—died on Wednesday in Los Angeles. She was 91.
Her death, ____2____ she was on a speaking tour, was confirmed by the Jane Goodall Institute, ____3____ U.S. headquarters are in Washington, D.C. When not traveling widely, she lived in Bournemouth, on the south coast of England, in her childhood home.
Dr. Goodall was 29 in the summer of 1963 when National Geographic magazine published her 7,500-word, 37-page account of the lives of primates she ____4____ (observe) in the Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve in what is now Tanzania.
On the scientific merits alone, her discoveries about how wild chimpanzees raised their young, established leadership, socialized and communicated _______5_______ (break) new ground and attracted immense attention and respect among researchers. Stephen Jay Gould, the evolutionary biologist and science historian, said her work with chimpanzees “represents one of the Western world’s great scientific achievements.”
On learning of Dr. Goodall’s documented evidence ____6____ humans were not the only creatures capable of making and using tools, Louis Leakey, the paleoanthropologist and Dr. Goodall’s mentor, famously remarked, “Now we ____7____ redefine ‘tool,’ redefine ‘man,’ or accept chimpanzees as humans.”
In articles and books, her lucid (易懂的) prose carried vivid descriptions, some lighthearted, of the numerous perils she encountered in the African rainforest-malaria, leopards, crocodiles, spitting cobras and deadly giant centipedes, to name a few. Her writing gained its ____8____ (wide) attention in three more long articles in National Geographic in the 1960s and 70s and in three well-received books, “My Friends, the Wild Chimpanzees” (1967), “In the Shadow of Man” and “Through a Window” (1990).
Dr. Goodall’s willingness to challenge scientific convention and shape the details of her research ____9____ a riveting (吸引人) adventure narrative about two primary subjects-the chimps and herself-turned her into a household name, in no small part thanks to the power of television. In December 1965, CBS News aired a documentary of her work in prime time, the first in a long string of nationally and internationally televised special reports about the chimpanzees of Gombe and the courageous woman steadfastly chronicling _____10_____ she called their “rich emotional life.”
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. exclusively B. fading C. portion D. pressed E. reluctant F. revealing G. streaming H. stuffed I. tide J. unremarkably K. unspoilt
The West Highland Line: Follow the Rail of Hogwarts Express
Soaring mountains, expansive lakes and famous bridges have earned Scotland’s West Highland Line a place among the best railway journeys in the world. Starting in Glasgow, traveling north through historic villages and ending in the coastal village of Mallaig, this line is an easy and sustainable way to discover the Scottish Highlands.
My journey on this scenic train route started rather ____11____. The 08:12 train required me to begin my day alongside thousands of passengers ____12____ into Queen Street Station — many of whom held coffees and kept their eyes cast down ahead of another day in the office. And I was almost the only one traveling against the ____13____.
All of a sudden, we were in the southern reaches of the Highlands, where all was mirrored lakes and valleys ____14____ with Scots pine. Morning mist rolled between hills, hiding and then ____15____ more of this perfect landscape. The dying days of autumn were exceedingly beautiful and we were just an hour into the journey. Passengers’ phones and noses were ____16____ to windows. Some urgently tried to post their experience in real time to social media, but the Wi-Fi signal was weak in the mountains and I didn’t want to miss the extraordinary landscape.
An indisputable highlight along this section is the Glenfinnan Viaduct (高架桥), which staff took time to announce in a small break. Fans of the Harry Potter films often lose their minds at this ____17____ of the 120-year-old line-the Hogwarts Express passes over this old viaduct in several of the movies. And I could easily see why it’s simply breathtaking to behold and attracts visitors from across the globe. It’s the longest concrete railway bridge in Scotland and spans about a thousand feet over the River Finnan around one hundred feet above the ground, passing through some of the most atmospheric and ____18____ scenery.
By the time we left Mallaig at 16: 05, the mid — November daylight was already ____19____, meaning my long journey back to Glasgow happened almost _______20_______ in the dark. Not much was visible through the window as we started chugging south, but even in the blackness, I knew there was magic out there somewhere.
II.Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The Moon meant a great deal to medieval (中世纪的) people around the world. It was believed to have an enormous impact on Earth, affecting the tides, the trees, animals and human minds and bodies. But it also had many symbolic associations, whether in the realms of love, ____21____ or religion—as I explore in my new book, The Medieval Moon: A History of Haunting and Blessing.
In fact, I suggest we can talk about medieval moons in the plural, because the Moon was seen in such a wide variety of contexts and guises. The book travels across multiple regions and cultures to seek these medieval moons, ____22____ Arabic, Chinese, English, French, German, Indian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Latin, Mayan, Norse, Persian, Polynesian and Welsh traditions, among others.
In many ways, the Moon was like a riddle for medieval people. As a symbol, it did not have an easily decipherable (可解读的) meaning, which encouraged viewers to read it in playful ways. ____23____, many Old English and Old Norse riddles appropriately have the ____24____ “Moon”.
The Moon was also seen as place of travel and ____25____. Japanese, Italian, English, German and Dutch sources all testify to stories of travel to and from the Moon, long before the age of ____26____ space travel.
The Moon was also ____27____ in many kinds of prophetic activity. In the ____28____ of the period, sorcerers (巫师) and kings studied the Moon to find out about the future. The legendary sorcerer Merlin, for example, made prophecies involving the Moon in Geoffrey of Monmouth’s History of the Kings of Britain.
The Moon was also a rich symbol in ____29____ contexts. In medieval Christian and Islamic sources, the Moon could _____30_____ everything from the Islamic Prophet Muhammad to the Christian Church as an _____31_____.
Despite this freight of negative meanings, the Moon was also _____32_____ with love. Medieval Sufis- _____33_____ known as Islamic mystics-wrote of “moon beauties”. For these poets, the moon beauty was not an earthly lover but the divine (天赐的, 神的)-Allah.
As it shimmered for medieval audiences, the Moon_____34_____ at deep emotions and complex thoughts, pervading people’s lives in moments of _____35_____ and moments of tenderness.
21. A. illusion B. hatred C. illustration D. sympathy
22. A. taking in B. taking out C. taking over D. taking away
23. A. Nevertheless B. Namely C. Unfortunately D. Consequently
24. A. solution B. evolution C. revolution D. illusion
25 A. adventure B. torture C. route D. routine
26. A. fantastic B. real C. supposed D. rare
27. A. involved B. intended C. concerned D. cornered
28. A. society B. literature C. association D. realm
29. A. religious B. scientific C. academic D. rational
30. A. explain B. announce C. describe D. represent
31. A. institution B. family C. term D. crowd
32. A. dotted B. associated C. directed D. lined
33. A. commonly B. usually C. recently D. extremely
34. A. ignored B. grasped C. doubted D. insured
35. A. excitement B. impatience C. harshness D. existence
Section B
Direction: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
(A)
MY GARDEN IS MY REFUGE; I find reflective isolation in it. I have seven children, so our house is a scene of lively confusion. For a long time, I guarded this place of peace and quiet. When the children followed me into the garden, I would hand out chores. “Here: you weed the beans, you water the onions.” Soon they would be hot or their backs would hurt from bending over, and they would leave me to myself.
Then one day, I was trying to prepare the soil, and I honestly wasn’t enjoying my time of peace and loneliness. My 13-year-old son, Josiah, picked up a spare spade and began helping. Working as a team, we had the pea patch dug up and fertilized in no time at all. I thanked Josiah, realizing that l had enjoyed his company.
The same thing happened with picking up rocks and planting the seeds —one or two of the children would appear to watch and then participate. Each time, I would feel surprised to find the work was lighter for their help, and their laughter made time pass faster. So I stopped resenting their company and instead I began to share my gardening secrets. As spring became summer and the real work began, I expected the children to disappear, but no, there they were, watering, pulling weeds and checking for insects.
One day I slipped out by myself to the garden, feeling a little bit guilty. I had a suspicion that the sugar snap peas were ripe, and I wanted a taste. As I walked along the row, a little voice piped up behind me. “What are you eating, Mama ”
Abby’s big blue eyes sparkled as I showed her how to pull the strings off and pop (剥出) the peas into her mouth. She just loved how tasty they were. Then my sweet seven-year-old girl put me to shame. “Mama, I’ve got to pick a bunch. Won’t the others love them I can’t wait to share.”
I realized how selfish I had been. I’d tried to keep the joys of gardening to myself, and here was a child who couldn’t wait to share with her brothers and sisters. I held back tears and said, “Sure, honey, let’s pick some and I’ll show you how to prepare them. We’ll make the most wonderful supper.”
36. Why did the writer ask her children to do chores whenever they were in the garden
A. She didn’t want to do all the work on her own.
B. She intended to show the hard labor of gardening.
C. She didn’t want them to get hurt or get too tired.
D. She was determined to keep the garden to herself.
37. What were the children like
① loud ② lively ③ guilty ④ loving ⑤ strong
A. ①②③④ B. ①②④ C. ①②③ D. ④⑤
38. The underlined word “resent” probably means________.
A. dislike B. expect C. keep D. sacrifice
39. What did the writer try to tell the readers with this story
A. The best way to communicate with children is by working together.
B. The golden rule of gardening is that many hands make light work.
C. Everything feels better when shared with your family or your friend.
D. Parents should spend as much time with their children as possible.
(B)
The best white noise machines for a good night’s sleep Sleep is crucial to health. But disruptive (扰乱的) noises can prevent you from falling asleep. White noise machines could help, according to one study.
LectroFan Classic MASKS NOISE: LectroFan Classic helps block out disruptive environmental noises. It can help improve sleep, focus, privacy, and relaxation. 20 NON-REPEATING SOUNDS: A total of 20 unique non-repeating, digitally created sounds. 10 fan sounds & 10 white noise variations, including pink & brown noise. SAFE: Safe, solid-state design is powered by AC (交流电) or USB and dynamically creates unique, non-repeating sounds. VOLUME CONTROL: Precise volume control allows you to set the perfect level for your unique environment.
Yogasleep Rohm+ EFFECTIVELY MASKS NOISE: The Rohm effectively cancels out noises that may disturb or distract you for improved sleep and concentration. GENTLE SOUNDS: 20 different sounds including music, nature, white, pink, and brown noise, as well as Bluetooth speaker features to allow you to play your own music or sounds and to make a conference call on the road when you need. CRUSH (压坏) RESISTANT: Stylish, crush-resistant travel case fits perfectly with Yogasleep Rohm white noise machines. BATTERY OPERATED: Rechargeable through USB.
Hatch Rest+ BEST FOR BABIES: Sound machine — keep your little one dreaming with sounds like white noise, wind, and rain. Night light — make midnight feedings comforting and the dark less scary with a calming light. Time-to-Rise — set up this light and sound combination to let your early riser know when it’s time to rise. Built-in two-way sound monitor. POWERED BY: AC and rechargeable.
Loftie Clock FAVORITE CLOCK: Loftie Clock uses sound and lights to help ease you into and out of sleep. GENTLY UNWIND: Enjoy over 100 free tracks from breathwork and sound baths to all kinds of white noise and nature sounds. AI-GENERATED PERSONAL STORIES: Loftie’s Magic Story Maker AI has an upgraded feature that lets you create sleep stories with Typeform. It then uses ChatGPT and ElevenLabs AI to craft your story. Unlocking the Magic Story Maker AI requires an upgrade to a Loftie+ account in the app ($5 per month). POWERED BY: AC power
40. _____ is the most suitable for Joana, whose baby sleeps in her room.
A. LectroFan Classic B. Yogasleep Rohm+
C. Hatch Rest+ D. Loftie Clock
41. If you want to buy a white noise machine for your friend Tim, who often travels on business, you need to pay _____.
A. $34.95. B. $40.03. C. $159.99. D. $149.00.
42. What can be learned about the four white noise machines
A. The four of them can all produce white noise and nature sounds.
B. One of them can help you create your own sleep stories for free.
C. Two of them can be powered by both AC and rechargeable batteries.
D. Two of them can not only help you fall asleep but also wake you up.
(C)
They’re still kids, and although there’s a lot that the experts don’t yet know about them, one thing they do agree on is that what kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it’s all because of technology.
To the psychologists, sociologists, and generational and media experts who study them, their digital gear sets this new group apart, even from their tech-savvy Millennial elders. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older siblings don’t quite get. These differences may appear slight, but they signal an all-encompassing sensibility that some say marks the dawning of a new generation.
The contrast between Millennials and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen of California State University that he has declared the birth of a new generation in a new book, Rewired: Understanding the iGeneration and the Way They Learn, out next month. Rosen says the tech-dominated life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennials he wrote about in his 2007 book, Me, MySpace and I: Parenting the Net Generation, that they warrant the distinction of a new generation, which he has dubbed the “iGeneration”.
“The technology is the easiest way to see it, but it’s also a mindset, and the mindset goes with the little ‘I’, which I’m talking to stand for ‘individualized’,” Rosen says. “Everything is defined and individualized to ‘me’. My music choices are defined to ‘me’. What I watch on TV any instant is defined to ‘me’.” He says the iGeneration includes today’s teens and middle-schoolers, but it’s too soon to tell about elementary-school ages and younger.
Rosen says the iGeneration believes anything is possible. “If they can think of it, somebody probably has or will invent it,” he says. “They expect innovation.”
They have high expectations that whatever they want or can use “will be able to be tailored to their own needs and wishes and desires.”
Rosen says portability is key. They are inseparable from their wireless devices, which allow them to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected — even in class, where cellphones are supposedly banned.
Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. “They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do,” Rosen says. “But findings show teens survive distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.”
Because these kids are more immersed and at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change significantly.
“The growth curve on the use of technology with children is exponential (指数的), and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think,” Rosen says.
“We have to give them options because they want their world individualized.”
pared with their Millennial elders, the iGeneration kids ________.
A. communicate with others by high-tech methods continually
B. prefer to live a virtual life than a real one
C. are equipped with more modem digital techniques
D. know more on technology than their elders
44. Which of the following is true about the iGeneration according to Rosen
A. This generation is crazy about inventing and creating new things.
B. Everything must be adapted to the peculiar need of the generation.
C. This generation catches up with the development of technology.
D. High-tech such as wireless devices goes with the generation.
45. Rosen’s findings suggest that technology ________.
A. has an obvious effect on the function of iGeneration’s brain development
B. has greatly affected the iGeneration’s behaviors and academic performance
C. has no significantly negative effect on iGeneration’s mental and intellectual development
D. has caused distraction problems on iGeneration which affect their daily performance.
46. According to the passage, education has to _________.
A. adapt its system to the need of the new generation
B. use more technologies to cater for the iGeneration
C. risk its system to certain extent for the iGeneration
D. be conducted online for iGeneration’s individualized need
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Human beings are social creatures. We build bonds, cultivate friendships, and nurture family ties in hopes of finding love, support, and understanding. Ideally, these relationships become safe havens where we can share our deepest thoughts, worries, and vulnerabilities without fear of judgment. ____47____ Why is this the case Why would we share our fears with a therapist, a fellow traveler on a train, or even an anonymous voice on the internet rather than with our spouse, sibling, or best friend The answer lies in the intricate interplay between psychology, social expectations, and human emotion.
There’s something you’ve been dying to get off your chest but you don’t want to live in the reality of a world where this secret is not. If you share it with a stranger you release the tension and still keep your personal world away from it. ____48____ You’ll literally tell them anything in the world. This uncertainty between us ushers in a certain ease; the judgement of strangers matters little because it’s unlikely one will cross paths with them again. The absence of attachment we feel towards a stranger during our interactions, coupled with the fact that there are hardly any repercussions (恶果), lead to a sense of relative safety, encouraging emotional expression and disclosure.
____49____ Our interactions with strangers lack the baggage of these dynamics. When talking to strangers, however, one can share highly personal information without damaging their reputation within one’s social circle. The spouse is a friend, often a co-parent, also a lover, and hopefully, an advocate of our work. Our parents have your entire life’s history in their head and friends are familiar with which the person what we should to be. When we need comfort, we’re unsure which of their roles these people might play- and wary that it might be a role that gives us something other than the unconditional support we’re looking for in the moment. So, we confide in someone else altogether.
Conversations with strangers, on the contrary, can thus allow us to reexamine our lives through a new lens. Strangers offer the unique advantage of providing fresh perspectives and objective viewpoints, offering unbiased advice and impartial opinions. ____50____ That is one of the reasons that we can find solace in the validation and support offered by strangers, which they were otherwise denied by the people in their lives. Moreover, we don’t necessarily have to worry about bookending everything we say with social niceties. This also increases the appeal of the advice we might receive from strangers in return: they can be blunt in their takes because they too don’t have to worry about the way we might feel about their responses.
A. Yet, paradoxically, many of us discover that it is sometimes easier to confide in a stranger than in someone close to us.
B. Sometimes we choose not to open our hearts to family or friends, not because we don’t trust them, but because we fear burdening them or altering the relationship.
C. They allow us to get out of our heads and break up that negative self-focus and prevent the train of negative circular thinking.
D. Social connections built over time come with assumptions, judgments, and expectations, which can inhibit individuals from fully expressing themselves.
E. Perhaps the paradox of intimacy is that the closer we are to someone, the easier it becomes to take them for granted.
F. When you know you won’t see the person again, you’re a little too comfortable.
IV. Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Most people experience the natural feeling of jealousy at some point in their lives. Some people feel it more strongly than others and some even suffer from the feeling to the extent that jealousy starts consuming them. In some cases the feeling is justified but in others it is not. Frankly speaking, jealousy is a poisonous emotion, both for the person experiencing it and for their families and friends.
Jealousy is usually considered as a single, independent emotion, but in reality, it is a whole bundle of feelings that interconnect with each other such as anger, fear, hurt, anxiety, sadness, depression, loneliness, envy, feeling powerless, feeling excluded and so on.
For the most part, jealousy is a by-product of one’s own problems with self-confidence and self-respect. It is about a deep fear of the unknown fear of being abandoned and of losing power or control over their families or friends, and also the fear that the needs will not be met. Jealous people often feel very insecure and anxious about their worthiness, feeling that they might not be good enough.
Jealousy can also easily become an obsession with people. Someone who is being consumed by jealousy constantly draws in mind pictures and imagines situations where their families or friends are betraying them. As a result, they always manage to convince themselves that their families or friends have done something not proper. These endless suspicions are poisonous and can be extremely harmful to any relationship.
So, how is it possible to prevent these ugly thoughts from appearing and from flooding one’s mind at all The best thing to start with is to start sharing your feelings with your families or friends. It is important to tell them openly that you love them. You may also want to explain that because they are so important to you, you are feeling jealous and insecure. In addition, never feel in a negative way about yourself and certainly do not talk negatively about yourself. Self-confidence is respected by others and if you are always able to think positively when negative feelings start invading you, a habit of doing so will be eventually developed in you.
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VI. Guided Writing
52. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李华，你的学校近期举办了“数字时代的文化传承”主题征文活动，请你根据以下要点撰写一篇短文参赛：
1.简述数字技术为文化传承带来的新机遇；
2.结合1-2个具体案例，谈谈青少年在数字时代参与文化传承的建议。
(字数180-200词左右，不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息。)
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