(共22张PPT)
构词法
Vocabulary
学习构词法的重要性
秒变词性的
“变身术”
巧猜词义的
“推理小窍门”
扩大词汇量的“加速神器”
use useful usefully useless uselessly
help helpful helpfully helpless helplessly
invent invention discuss discussion
quick quickly care careful
like v.喜欢
disappear
appearance
disappearance
v.不喜欢
n.出现,外貌
n.消失,不见
首字母缩略法
合成法
派生法
1
2
3
4
转换法
构 词 法
(一)
转化法
概念:英语中最简洁,最常用的构词法,指一个单词不经过任何形式的变化,直接从一种词性转化为另外一种词性。
这种方法让一个单词“身兼数职”。
种类:
1)由名词转化为动词:
water n. 水 → water v.浇水;
2)由形容词转化为动词:
empty adj.空的→ empty v.倒空
3)由形容词转化为名词(有很多形容词在前面加the变成名词)
rich adj.富有的→ the rich n.富人
blind adj.盲的,瞎的→ the blind n.盲人
阅读中的转化词
分析划线单词的词性与含义
1. Shall we go out for a drive next Sunday
2. I often go there for a walk.
3. Have you booked your ticket
4. Hand me your knife, please.
5. The train slowed down to half its speed.
6. Don t dirty your clothes.
7. The ldler is a cheering read that makes you feel better about life.
8. …books frequently top the best seller lists.
n. 驱车
n. 散步
v.预订
v. 递
v. 减慢
v.弄脏
n.读物
v.领先
合成法
1.定义:由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词。
household, framework, furthermore,
rainbow, however, outstand
类型 主要方式 例词
合成 形容词 名词+形容词 world-famous, snow-white
名词/形容词+名词-ed glass-topped, kind-hearted
介词+名词 underground
名词+动词-ing English-speaking
名词+过去分词 man-made, heartbroken
合成词(Compound Word)
合成法
类型 主要方式 例词
合成形容词 数词+名词 second-hand, one-way
数词+名词+形容词 10-meter-long
合成介词 介词+名词 outside, inside
介词+副词 without, throughout
合成副词 副词+名词 upstairs, downstairs
合成词(Compound Word)
(四)
字母
缩略法
字母缩略法 是一种通过提取词组中每个单词的首字母(或主要音节的首字母),并将它们组合成一个新的、可读的字符串来构成新词的方法。这种新构成的词被称为首字母缩略词。
其主要目的是为了简化冗长或复杂的术语、名称或短语,使表达更简洁、便于记忆和交流,极大的提高了信息传递的效率,是科技,政治,商业和文化交往中不可缺一部分。
.组织机构与公司
· WTO - World Trade Organization(世界贸易组织)
· BBC - British Broadcasting Corporation(英国广播公司)
· FBI - Federal Bureau of Investigation(美国联邦调查局)
· 科技与网络
· PDF - Portable Document Format(便携式文档格式) · Wi-Fi - Wireless Fidelity(无线保真)
· GPS - Global Positioning System(全球定位系统) · AI - Artificial Intelligence(人工智能)
· 生活与日常
· USA - United States of America(美利坚合众国)· CEO - Chief Executive Officer(首席执行官)
· DIY - Do It Yourself(自己动手做)
· 科技与医学
· LASER - Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation(激光)
· SARS - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(严重急性呼吸系统综合症,非典)
· 组织与教育
· NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization(北大西洋公约组织)
· UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization(联合国教科文组织)
实例
概念
首字母缩略法
BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation)
英国广播公司
P R C
(People's Republic of China)
P L A
(People's Liberation Army)
首字母缩略法
前缀 含义 例子
un , dis , in, im , ir , mis , non 表示 否定意义 unhappy, disagree
incorrect, impolite
misunderstand
non smoker
re 再;又 rethink, retell, recycle
self 自己;本身 self confident, self control
under 在……下面 underline, underground
前缀(Prefix)
派生法
前缀 含义 例子
inter 相互;交互 net→Internet
national→international
a 处于……状 态或过程中 live→alive
wake→awake
en 使可能 rich→enrich able→enable
over 太多;过分 work→overwork
size→oversize
前缀(Prefix)
派生法
类型 后缀及含义 例子
名词后缀 ness ill→illness, sad→sadness
happy→happiness
kind→kindness
ment “行为或状态” govern→government
move→movement
achieve→achievement
tion “动作;过程;结果” invention, invitation
translate→translation
ance/ ence “行为;性质;状态” important→importance
appearance, absence
后缀(Suffix)
派生法
类型 后缀及含义 例子
名词后缀 er, or, ess(女性) “人” farmer, teacher, visitor, actor
actress, hostess
ese, ian “某国/大陆的人” Chinese, Japanese
Asian, Russian
ist 从事某种职业的“人” scientist, tourist, artist
-ty able→ability, real→reality
possible→possibility
th “性质;情况” deep→depth, warmth
true→truth
后缀(Suffix)
派生法
派生法
类型 后缀及含义 例子
形容词后缀 ful “充满……的” care→careful, hopeful
use→useful, successful
beauty→beautiful
less “没有的” use→useless, help→helpless
end→endless, care→careless
able “能……的” comfort→comfortable
enjoy→enjoyable
y “有……特性的” rain→rainy, health→healthy
fun→funny, luck→lucky
al “与……有关的” nation→national
nature→natural
后缀(Suffix)
类型 后缀及含义 例子
形容词后缀 -ing “令人……的” ed “感到……的” relax→relaxing, relaxed
excite→exciting, excited
ive “具有……性质的” act→active, create→creative
ish “带有……特征” fool→foolish, child→childish
-ous danger→dangerous
humor→humorous
-ern “东西南北” south→southern
west→western
后缀(Suffix)
派生法
类型 后缀及含义 例子
副词后缀 直接加-ly quiet→quietly
real→really, final→finally
以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变y为i加-ly happy→happily
heavy→heavily
以“辅音字母+e”结尾 去e加-y simple→simply
terrible→terribly
comfortable→comfortably
以“ll”结尾,直接加-y full→fully
少数以e结尾,去e加-ly true→truly
后缀(Suffix)
派生法
即学即练:
1) His blood pressure had dropped______ (severe). 他的血压严重地迅速下降
2) It's very easy to get ___________ (frustrate) if you don’t tackle the pain and ___________(frustrate).
3) In those days, doctors had two___________(adj.矛盾的) theories.
4)Cholera was caused by an ___________(infect) from germs in food or water.
5) The___________(prove) that we has is still not enough to ___________(证明,证实) his crime.
severely
frustrated
frustration
contradictory
infection
proof
prove
即学即练:
1) ________(Initial), the strategy was made to________ (保卫) our policy against the intervention of other countries.
2)The scientist adopt ________(多种多样的) ways to get ________(purify) materials.
3) _____________(最终,最后),some _____________(机械师) decided to offer technical _____________(assist) to the company.
Initially
defend
multiple
pure
Ultimately
mechanics
assistance
链接高考
语法填空中的词型转换
1. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 62 (population) and homes of giant pandas, and 63 (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 2022全国Ⅰ卷
2. Provide 68 (finance) aid and other benefits for local people. 2021全国乙卷
3. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 63 (sharp) .
4. Historical ___64___ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. 2020新高考全国卷
5. Landing on the moon’s far side is 62 (extreme) challenging. 2020全国I卷
6.Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. 2020全国II卷
populations
eventually
financial
sharply
accuracy
extremely
celebration
Thank You !