2026届高考英语二轮复习：话语标记词 课件(共46张PPT)

(共46张PPT)
语篇类型与话语标记词
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主讲人：
时间：
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目录
CONTENTS
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语篇类型概述
话语标记词
案例分析
总结与展望
总结与展望
语篇类型概述
PART-
01
语篇类型概念
语篇是具有一定结构和功能的语言单位，涵盖多种类型，如记叙文、说明文、议论文等，是英语学习的重要内容。
常见语篇类型
记叙文以叙述事件为主，说明文用于解释事物，议论文则表达观点和论证，了解这些类型有助于理解文章结构和内容。
语篇类型定义
语篇类型概念
语篇是具有一定结构和功能的语言单位，涵盖多种类型，如记叙文、说明文、议论文等，是英语学习的重要内容。
常见语篇类型
记叙文以叙述事件为主，说明文用于解释事物，议论文则表达观点和论证，了解这些类型有助于理解文章结构和内容。
语篇类型定义
语篇类型概念
语篇是具有一定结构和功能的语言单位，涵盖多种类型，如记叙文、说明文、议论文等，是英语学习的重要内容。
常见语篇类型
记叙文以叙述事件为主，说明文用于解释事物，议论文则表达观点和论证，了解这些类型有助于理解文章结构和内容。
语篇类型定义
教材中常见的语篇类型
话语标记词
PART-
02
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话语标记词是用于连接语篇各部分、表达逻辑关系的词汇，能帮助理解语篇结构和作者意图。
话语标记词定义
在高中英语记叙文中，话语标记词（Discourse Markers）如同 “路标”，能引导读者理清叙事脉络、把握情节逻辑。以下是常见类型及示例：
一、时间顺序标记词：用于串联事件发生的先后，构建叙事时间线。
At first：At first, she hesitated to accept the challenge, but curiosity drove her forward.
（起初，她犹豫是否接受挑战，但好奇心驱使她前进。）
Shortly after：Shortly after the rain stopped, a rainbow appeared in the sky.（雨停后不久，天空出现了彩虹。）
Meanwhile：He was preparing dinner; meanwhile, his sister was setting the table.（他在做晚餐，与此同时，妹妹在摆餐具。）
Finally：Finally, they reached the top of the mountain and enjoyed the breathtaking view.（最终，他们抵达山顶，欣赏到了壮丽的景色。）
二、逻辑关系标记词：体现因果、转折、并列等逻辑，增强叙事连贯性。
However：She tried to call for help; however, no one heard her voice.
（她试图呼救，然而没人听到。）
Therefore：He missed the bus; therefore, he was late for the exam.
（他没赶上公交，因此考试迟到了。）
Moreover：The journey was tiring; moreover, the weather turned worse at night.（旅途很累，而且夜晚天气变得更糟。）
On the contrary：Others complained about the task; on the contrary, she saw it as an opportunity.（其他人抱怨任务繁重，相反，她视其为机会。）
三、情感与态度标记词：传递人物心理或作者评价，让叙事更具感染力。
Surprisingly：Surprisingly, the old letter contained a secret that had been hidden for decades.
（令人惊讶的是，这封旧信藏着一个尘封数十年的秘密。）
Fortunately：Fortunately, the lost dog was found by a kind stranger the next day.（幸运的是，走失的狗第二天被一位善良的陌生人找到。）
Undoubtedly：Undoubtedly, the experience taught him the value of friendship.（毫无疑问，这次经历让他懂得了友谊的可贵。）
四、总结与强调标记词：用于收尾或突出重点，深化叙事主题。
In conclusion：In conclusion, the trip not only broadened her horizons but also changed her attitude toward life.
（总之，这次旅行不仅拓宽了她的视野，也改变了她对生活的态度。）
Above all：Above all, the story reminds us of the power of kindness in difficult times.（最重要的是，这个故事让我们铭记困境中善意的力量。）
这些标记词如同叙事的 “粘合剂”，既能让情节衔接自然，也能帮助读者快速理解故事的时间线、逻辑关系和情感走向，是高中英语记叙文写作中提升流畅度的关键要素。
Define...as...：Artificial intelligence is defined as the simulation of human intelligence in machines.（人工智能被定义为机器对人类智能的模拟。）
That is (to say)：The greenhouse effect, that is, the trapping of heat by atmospheric gases, causes global warming.（温室效应，即大气气体对热量的滞留，导致全球变暖。）
In other words：The experiment requires constant temperature— in other words, do not open the window during the process.（实验需要恒温，换言之，过程中不要开窗。）
一、定义与解释标记词：用于阐释概念或术语，符合说明文的准确性要求。
在高中英语说明文中，话语标记词（Discourse Markers）是精准传递信息、构建清晰说明逻辑的关键，常用于解释概念、流程、现象等场景。以下是常见类型及示例：
There are three types...：There are three types of pollution: air, water, and soil pollution.
（污染有三类：空气污染、水污染和土壤污染。）
Firstly/Secondly/Finally：To plant a tree, firstly dig a hole; secondly place the seedling; finally water it thoroughly.（种树时，首先挖洞，其次放入幼苗，最后浇透水分。）
Such as/For example：Renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, reduce carbon emissions.（可再生能源，如太阳能、风能和水力发电，可减少碳排放。）
二、分类与列举标记词：将说明对象系统化拆解，增强条理性。
First/Next/Then/Finally：To make a sandwich, first toast the bread; next add lettuce and ham; then spread sauce; finally cover with another slice.
（制作三明治时，先烤面包，接着加生菜和火腿，然后涂酱料，最后盖上另一片面包。）
Subsequently/Afterwards：The data is collected first; subsequently, it is analyzed using statistical methods.（先收集数据，随后用统计方法分析。）
In the first place/In the end：In the first place, choose a topic; in the end, revise your essay carefully.
（首先选择主题，最后仔细修改文章。）
三、过程与顺序标记词：在说明步骤或流程时体现时间或逻辑顺序。
Similarly/Likewise：Butterflies undergo metamorphosis, similarly, frogs transform from tadpoles to adults.（蝴蝶经历蜕变，同样地，青蛙从蝌蚪变成成蛙。）
In contrast/On the contrary：Deserts receive little rainfall; in contrast, rainforests have abundant precipitation.（沙漠降雨量少，相反，热带雨林降水充沛。）
Compared with...：Compared with paper books, e-books are more portable but less 护眼（eye-friendly）.（与纸质书相比，电子书更便携，但护眼性较差。）
四、对比与类比标记词：突出事物差异或相似性，帮助读者理解。
In brief/To summarize：In brief, regular exercise, balanced diet, and enough sleep are the keys to good health.（简言之，规律锻炼、均衡饮食和充足睡眠是健康的关键。）
Importantly/Clearly：Importantly, the experiment results must be recorded accurately to ensure validity.（重要的是，实验结果必须准确记录以确保有效性。）
It can be seen that...：It can be seen that urbanization has both positive and negative impacts on the environment.（可见，城市化对环境兼具正负影响。）
五、总结与强调标记词：收尾时归纳信息或突出关键要点。
这些标记词通过精准的逻辑衔接和信息分层，使说明文在客观阐释事物时兼具条理性与可读性，是高中写作中体现 “说明性” 与 “逻辑性” 的核心语言工具。
用于开篇或段落首句，明确立场或引出论点。
In my opinion：In my opinion, online education cannot replace traditional classroom learning entirely.（在我看来，在线教育无法完全取代传统课堂学习。）
As far as I am concerned：As far as I am concerned, teenagers should balance screen time with outdoor activities.（就我而言，青少年应平衡屏幕时间与户外活动。）
It is widely believed that...：It is widely believed that reading improves cognitive abilities, but its specific effects vary among individuals.
（人们普遍认为阅读能提升认知能力，但其具体效果因人而异。）
一、观点引入标记词
在高中英语议论文中，话语标记词（Discourse Markers）是构建论证逻辑、增强说服力的核心工具，常用于观点表达、论据衔接和结论推导。以下是常见类型及示例：
连接论点与论据，体现论证的层次感。
First of all/Secondly/Finally：First of all, exercise boosts physical health; secondly, it relieves stress; finally, it enhances social interaction.
（首先，锻炼促进身体健康；其次，缓解压力；最后，增强社交互动。）
For example/For instance：Many cities have promoted bike-sharing programs. For example, Copenhagen’s cycling infrastructure has reduced carbon emissions significantly.（许多城市推行共享单车计划，例如哥本哈根的骑行基础设施已显著降低碳排放。）
Take...as an example：Take digital literacy as an example—it has become as essential as traditional literacy in the modern world.
（以数字素养为例，它在现代社会已与传统读写能力同等重要。）
二、论据衔接标记词
用于反驳对立观点或突出差异，强化论证深度。
However/Nevertheless：Some argue that technology isolates people; however, it also connects individuals across cultures.
（有人认为科技使人孤立，然而它也跨文化连接了人们。）
On the one hand...On the other hand...：On the one hand, social media spreads information rapidly; on the other hand, it may spread misinformation.
（一方面，社交媒体快速传播信息；另一方面，可能传播虚假信息。）
In contrast/By comparison：In contrast to online shopping, physical stores allow customers to experience products directly.
（与网购相比，实体店让顾客能直接体验商品。）
三、对比与转折标记词
体现论据与论点的逻辑关联，增强说服力。
Therefore/Thus：Teenagers spend more time online; therefore, parents should guide them to develop healthy digital habits.
（青少年上网时间更长，因此家长应引导其养成健康的数字习惯。）
As a result/Consequently：Schools have implemented green policies; as a result, campus waste has decreased by 30%.（学校推行环保政策，结果校园垃圾减少了 30%。）
This is because...：Reading remains irreplaceable. This is because it fosters deep thinking unlike shallow online browsing.
（阅读仍不可替代，这是因为它培养深度思考，不同于浅层次的网络浏览。）
四、因果与逻辑推导标记词
In conclusion/To sum up：In conclusion, technology is a double-edged sword that requires rational use.（总之，科技是把双刃剑，需要理性使用。）
Undoubtedly/Clearly：Undoubtedly, education should focus on both knowledge and character cultivation.（毫无疑问，教育应兼顾知识与品格培养。）
It is obvious that...：It is obvious that global cooperation is the key to solving climate change.（显然，全球合作是解决气候变化的关键。）
五、总结与强调标记词：收尾时重申观点或升华主题，强化论证力度。
这些标记词通过逻辑链条将观点、论据和结论有机串联，使议论文结构清晰、论证严密，是高中写作中体现批判性思维和逻辑表达的核心要素。
I am writing to...：I am writing to inquire about the application procedures for the summer camp.（我写信是为了咨询夏令营的申请流程。）
It is my pleasure to...：It is my pleasure to inform you of the upcoming campus art festival.（很高兴通知您即将举办的校园艺术节。）
Regarding...：Regarding the recent discussion, I’d like to share my suggestions on environmental protection.（关于最近的讨论，我想分享环保方面的建议。）
一、开篇引入标记词：用于开头点明目的或主题，符合应用文规范。
在高中英语应用文中，话语标记词（Discourse Markers）是构建功能性文本逻辑的核心要素，常用于书信、通知、演讲稿等场景，帮助清晰传达信息、体现正式语气。以下是常见类型及示例：
First(ly)/Second(ly)/Finally：First, arrive at the venue 15 minutes early; secondly, prepare a brief self-introduction; finally, follow the moderator’s instructions.
（首先，提前 15 分钟到场；其次，准备简短自我介绍；最后，听从主持人指示。）
On the one hand...On the other hand...：On the one hand, online learning offers flexibility; on the other hand, it lacks face-to-face interaction.
（一方面，线上学习灵活；另一方面，缺乏面对面交流。）
For one thing...For another...：For one thing, the activity can promote teamwork; for another, it helps build confidence.（其一，活动能促进团队合作；其二，有助于建立自信。）
二、分点说明标记词：在建议、通知等文体中分项阐述，增强条理性。
I would appreciate it if...：I would appreciate it if you could reply at your earliest convenience.（如能尽早回复，将不胜感激。）
It is suggested that...：It is suggested that students bring their ID cards to the lecture.（建议学生携带身份证参加讲座。）
May I suggest...：May I suggest we postpone the meeting to next Monday （我建议将会议推迟到下周一，好吗？）
三、礼貌请求与建议标记词：体现应用文的礼貌性，常见于书信、倡议书中。
Looking forward to...：Looking forward to your prompt reply.
（期待您的及时回复。）
In short：In short, every student’s participation matters to the success of the event.（简言之，每位学生的参与对活动成功至关重要。）
Let’s work together to...：Let’s work together to make our campus more beautiful.（让我们共同努力，使校园更美丽。）。
四、结尾总结与呼吁标记词：用于收尾时重申要点或表达期望，强化文本目的。
Furthermore：The project requires creativity; furthermore, it needs careful planning.（项目需要创造力，此外还需精心规划。）
Importantly：Importantly, all participants must submit their forms by Friday.
（重要的是，所有参与者须在周五前提交表格。）
Not only...but also...：The activity not only enriches our knowledge but also fosters friendship.（活动不仅丰富知识，还能增进友谊。）
五、补充与强调标记词：在说明性文本中拓展信息或突出重点。
这些标记词通过逻辑链条将观点、论据和结论有机串联，使议论文结构清晰、论证严密，是高中写作中体现批判性思维和逻辑表达的核心要素。
案例分析
PART-
03
It’s always a good thing to have a hobby. For Miss Patty, a school bus driver in Erie County, her hobby of knitting (编织) has made her really touch the community.
Miss Patty always wanted to do something with her spare time to help the students. After a conversation with one of the students, things took a turn from knitting one hat to knitting more hats.
“The one boy gets on the bus, and he goes ‘what are you doing ’ I said, ‘I’m making a hat. He said, ‘That would be great having such a warm hat in icy winter.’ So I said, ‘What color would you like ’ That started everything,” Miss Patty told the local newspaper.
Several years have passed since that day, and Miss Patty has already knitted 7, 083 hats for students in her spare time. Sometimes she will get the student’s favorite color before she begins the project.
What is more moving is that Miss Patty buys all the materials (材料) using her own money. Some people do give her gift cards around the holidays to help, but she still puts out a lot of her own money.
Along with making hats for the students that will keep them warm, Miss Patty also gets praise for being a trusted friend to the students.
典型案例： 记叙文
时间与事件衔接标记词
细节补充与递进标记词
情感与重点突出标记词
引用与直接对话标记词
17．What made Miss Patty decide to knit more hats
A．A drive to Erie County. B．A show of colorful hats.
C．A letter in the newspaper. D．A conversation with a boy.
18．Why does Miss Patty knit so many hats in her spare time
A．To practice her skill. B．To better her business.
C．To make more friends. D．To gift students for winter.
19．What makes Miss Patty’s act more moving
A．She refuses others’ help.
B．She buys materials with her own money.
C．She works during holidays.
D．She knits hats of different colors for kids.
20．Which of the following best describes Miss Patty
A．Humorous. B．Honest. C．Caring. D．Shy.
典型案例： 记叙文
参考答案：17．D 18．D 19．B 20．C
Chinese culture has great attraction for people both at home and abroad. We have seen many people from around the world express their love for Chinese culture in different forms. A growing number of foreigners have even chosen to live in China for its culture.
Interested in Chinese classical literature, Canadian artist Brandon Collins-Green or Lin Buran in Chinese expresses his understanding of A Dream of the Red Chamber by Cao Xueqin and Chinese poems through thousands of paintings. Often painting throughout the night, he has created more than 4,200 works. Living alone in the center of Nanchang, he has come a long way since he first came here in 2015 to study ancient Chinese literature.
Brandon loves learning about the lifestyle of ancient Chinese people. “So far, I have read the novel three times, translated most of its poems, songs, lantern riddles (谜语), and dialogues into English, and completed over 1 million words of articles and 2,000 related paintings during my PhD studies,” said Brandon with pride and satisfaction.
典型案例： 说明文
分类与列举标记词
过程与顺序标记词
Timur Kuvatov, director-general and editor-in-chief of the Kazakhstan Today News Agency, is a Chinese kung fu fan. He has won kung fu championships a lot of times and also served as a coach for the Kazakhstan kung fu team. “Chinese kung fu is a treasure of Chinese culture. It is not just a sport but also reflects the Chinese way of dealing with people, their understanding of life, nature, and the world,” he said.
Vincent Cazeneuve, known as Wensen Qi in Chinese, is a French artist devoted to lacquer (漆器) creation. He came to live in Chongqing in 2009. His works have been shown in art institutions both in and outside of China, and his fans have even collected some of them.
What is the charm of Chinese culture that attracts these people It lies in its richness and openness. Also its cultural background differences make foreigners curious about the lifestyles, way of thinking, and values of the country.
典型案例： 说明文
定义或解释标记词
分类与列举标记词
总结与强调标记词
1．What has Brandon done to express his love for Chinese culture
A．He has created many famous Chinese poems.
B．He has decided to move to China with his friends.
C．He has written thousands of Chinese lantern riddles.
D．He has translated part of Cao Xueqin’s novel into English.
2．As to Chinese culture, what is Timur Kuvatov interested in
A．Kung fu. B．Paintings. C．Literature. D．Lacquer creation.
3．What does the writer express through the stories of Brandon, Timur and Vincent
A．Chinese names are more attractive to foreigners. B．The influence of Chinese art proves greater abroad.
C．Chinese culture is getting popular around the world. D．China is an ideal country for people from abroad to live.
4．What can be the best title for the passage
A．New look of traditional Chinese culture B．Charm of Chinese culture in foreigners’ eyes
C．Development of Chinese culture in the West D．Culture differences between the East and West
典型案例： 说明文
参考答案1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B
At an early age, we start learning how to manage money by watching our parents’ spending habits. Don’t worry if we haven’t learned well how to save or spend money. The following life lessons about money can help us form good spending habits.
Money doesn’t grow on trees. As kids, we don’t often think about where money comes from. We need to know that our parents work hard to make money, and that it may be used up one day. Going to their workplaces to watch how they work is a great way to understand money is not that easy to make.
We shouldn’t spend all our money in one go. It’s important for us to have a budget (预算) . In other words, we need to think about how much money we have and what we really want to spend it on. Realizing that our pocket money can’t cover everything we want, we should make smart spending choices.
We should set a clear goal and watch our money grow. If we wish to own a new bicycle but can’t afford it, we can save our pocket money. How Write down how much money we have in a notebook and watch it grow. After we have enough, we can buy that wonderful bicycle we’ve dreamed about! Reaching our goal will greatly satiate us.
典型案例： 议论文
观点引入标记词
论据衔接标记词词
因果与逻辑推导标记词
We can talk with our parents about how money is used and where money goes. Do you know what a bank account (账户) is If not, communicate with our parents. We can also go to the supermarket with our parents to experience how money is spent in the real world.
Without doubt, we should treat money in a right way. Actually, learning about money isn’t a hard job. From these lessons, we can get a sense of money management and right money values step by step!
31．Where does money come from according to the text
A．Parents’ hard work. B．Kids’ life lessons.
C．Good spending habits. D．The bank account.
32．What does the writer want kids to do by giving the example of buying a bicycle
A．Buy a wonderful notebook. B．Make a free spending choice.
C．Set a goal of saving money. D．Have an experience of shopping.
典型案例： 议论文
总结与强调标记词
33．What does the underlined word “satiate” mean in Paragraph 4
A．Relax. B．Interest. C．Surprise. D．Satisfy.
34．Which of the following will the writer probably agree with
A．Adults can make money grow more.
B．Kids should have a money spending plan.
C．Parents may give kids lots of pocket money.
D．Supermarkets will be places to change money.
35．What is the best title for the text
A．Causes of Spending Money B．Ways of Managing Money
C．Purposes of Treating Money D．Conditions of Saving Money
典型案例： 议论文
参考答案：31．A 32．C 33．D 34．B 35．B
Note: You may use the oven or the knife. The boiling water may also be necessary. Be careful!
Note: You may use the oven or the knife. The boiling water may also be necessary. Be careful!
Fun cooking classes for children at Cooking clubVisit www. to sign up (报名) for the classes!
典型案例： 应用文
Jiaozi magic(Tuesday 5: 00 p. m. or Thursday 4: 30 p. m. ) What fillings (馅) do you like in your jiaozi, vegetables, eggs, meat or fish Do you want to make jiaozi in different colors Come and join us. Teacher: Mr Li (Tel: 578-8766) Easy hamburger(Wednesday 5: 00 p. m. on Thursday 5: 00 p. m)
Making hamburgers is easy! All you need are bread, beef, chicken, lettuce and salad e and learn how to make hamburgers with these simple ingredients.
Teacher: Mrs Smith (Email: happysmith@ )

Tasty zongzi( Monday 5: 00 p. m. or Friday 4: 30 p. m. ) What kind of zongzi do you like, sweet or salty You can make your own zongzi with different tastes. Teacher: Ms Wang (WeChat: Wang6126) Cupcake fun(Friday 4: 00 p. m. or Saturday 2: 30 p. m. )
Do you like cupcakes We can teach you how to make all your favourite cupcakes!
Teacher: Ms Green (Tel: 578-9665)

开篇引入标记词
分点说明标记词
礼貌请求与建议标记词
补充与强调标记词
26．If you want to sign up for the classes, you can ________.
A．visit the website B．make a telephone call
C．send an email D．leave a message on WeChat
27．Jenny can’t take the Tasty zongzi class tomorrow. Who should she talk to
A．Mr Li. B．Mrs Smith. C．Ms Wang. D．Ms Green.
28．What do you NOT need to make hamburgers in the Easy hamburger class
A．Eggs. B．Beef. C．Bread. D．Lettuce.
29．Jack is free at the weekend only. What class can he join
A．Jiaozi magic. B．Easy hamburger. C．Tasty zongzi. D．Cupcake fun.
30．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A．Having cooking classes is fun.
B．There is a cooking class every day.
C．You should be careful in cooking classes.
D．You can learn how to cook both Chinese and western food.
典型案例： 应用文
参考答案：26．A 27．C 28．A 29．D 30．B
总结与展望
PART-
04
01
语篇类型和话语标记词是英语学习的重要内容，对理解文章结构和作者意图、提高写作能力都有重要作用。
语篇类型与话语标记词的重要性
02
在初高中衔接阶段，要注重语篇类型和话语标记词的教学，帮助学生顺利过渡，为高中英语学习打下坚实基础。
初高中衔接的关键点
课程总结
教师应根据学生的学习情况，不断改进教学方法，创新教学内容，提高教学效果。
教学改进与创新
鼓励学生在今后的学习中，不断积累语篇类型和话语标记词的知识，提高英语阅读和写作能力。
持续学习与提升
未来展望
谢谢大家