现在完成时用法讲解及训练课件（18张PPT）

(共18张PPT)
现在完成时态
The Present Perfect Tense
知识点归纳
作业布置
一、含义与结构
二、过去分词的变化
三、用法解读
四、应用提醒
知识点归纳
知识点归纳
知识点归纳
知识点归纳
中考真题训练
小结
知识点归纳
Lily, clean your teeth please.
Mum, I have already cleaned them.
future
present
past
cleaned teeth
现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，并对现在有影响。
现在完成时
1. 概念：
表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的结果或影响。它不强调动作发生的时间，只强调动作带来的结果或影响。这种结果或影响有时是肉眼可见的，如：他来了He has come。结果肉眼可见:他在这儿。有的是肉眼看不到，如：他看过囧爸。He has seen the film Lost in Russia. 带来的结果：他了解这部电影的内容。
2. 动词结构：
助动词have/has+V过去分词
动词过去分词的变化规则：
变化规则 动词原形 过去分词
一般动词词尾加 -ed walk listen walked
listened
以字母e结尾的动词后加-d live, notice decide lived, noticed decided
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed hurry, carry, study, hurried, carried,
studied
结尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ed stop, step stopped, stepped
（2）不规则动词的过去分词的构成
上一页
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Type Original动词原形 p.t 过去式 p.p
过去分词
cost cost cost
read read read
meet met met
catch caught caught
become became become
come came come
write wrote written
speak spoke spoken
ABB
AAA
ABC
主菜单
ABA
·人教版
现在完成时的用法：
①表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。常常与just，already，yet，
recently，ever , never, before，twice，three times等时间状语连用。如：
I __________ the film already.
我已经看过那部电影了。(现在我知道电影的内容了。)
have seen
·人教版
②表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与“since＋时间点/从句”，“for＋时间段”，及how long，(ever)since，so far，in the last/past few years，up to now，till now等时间状语连用。如：
So far there __________ no bad news.
到现在为止还没有什么坏消息。
We ＿have planted＿＿＿ thousands of trees in the past few years. 过去几年我们种了成千上万棵树。
has been
注意分辨一般过去时与现在完成时
一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调的是动作；现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的典型时间状语有：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, this morning, just now等
现在完成时的典型时间状语有：ever, never, just, yet, already,since …,for+时间段等。
应用提醒一
区分have/has gone to, have/has been to和have/has been in
have/has been to表示“去过某地”, 说话时已从该地回来;
have/has gone to表示去了某地, 或在去该地的途中, 现在还不曾回来, 说话时不在说话地点;
have/has been in表示“已在某地(待了多久)”, 常与表示一段时间的状语连用。
e.g. Jim has gone to London with his family.
The Greens have been in China for two years.
Have you been to Beijing before
应用提醒二
·人教版
注意延续性动词的使用
在现在完成时中，如果出现有表持续的时间状语，一定要把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。如： I have had the book for two days.
这本书我已经买了两天了。(用had，而不用bought)
I have been in Tokyo for two weeks.
我已经来东京两周了。(用been in，而不用come to)
应用提醒三
·人教版
附： 常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表
①borrow→keep
②go to/come to→be in
③start/begin→be on
④ join→be in/be a member of
⑤open→be open
⑥close→be closed
⑦die→be dead
⑧leave sp→be away from sp
fall asleep→be asleep
buy→have
finish→be over
get married→be married
wake up→be awake
put on→wear
catch a cold→have a cold
arrive /reach→be in
1. 在现在完成时中“已经”，肯定句用already,且紧挨动词，放在have/has之后，
过去分词之前。在疑问句和否定句中用yet,且放在句尾。yet在疑问句中译为“已经”，在否定句中译为“还没有”。
He has already read the book.
疑问句：Has he read the book yet
否定句：He hasn't read the book yet.
2. “……以前” 时间段+ago 一般过去时的标志；句末的before 现在完成时的标志
3. when是强调时间，所以when不能与现在完成时的句子连用。即：when的问句
一定不能用现在完成时。（X） When have you finished your homework
(V) When did you finish your homework.
应用提醒四
露一手
一）选择（区分一般过去时和现在完成时）
1、—I can’t find Mr.Li. Where ___ you ____him this morning
—Oh, just outside the school.
have, met B. did , meet C. do , meet
2、—Why do you look so tired
—Because we ____for three hours without a rest.
worked B. work C. have worked
3、— ____you ____your homework yet
—Yes, I ____it a moment ago.
A. Have, finished ; finished B. Do ,finish; have finished
C. Did ,finished; have, finished
品 味 中 考
1. (21·河北)I ______ an invitation to the concert. I can’t wait to go.
A. receive B. will receive C. was receiving D. have received
2. (20 ·扬州) Hi, guys, please write three facts you __ last term in your project.
A. learned B. are learning C. have learned D. learn
3. (19 ·黄冈) —Have you watched the new movie, Joe
—No, I it with my sister this evening.
A. watch B. are watching C. watched D. will watch
4. (21 ·连云港) — Look! Somebody _____ the lights.
— Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it.
A. turns off B. is turning off C. has turned off D. turned off
5. (20 ·武汉) — I _____ my card. I want to report it.
—You can call the bank to report the loss. It would be faster.
A. lose B. was losing C. will lose D. have lost
结构: has/have + 过去分词
标志词: for+时间段, since+时间点, before,
recently, just, already, yet,ever, never,up to now,
till now, so far, these days, in the past
few years/months, over the years
定义：表示动作已经完成, 但对现在造成影响; 或者表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能持续下去的动作。
小结: Present perfect
Have a try
I _________ (be) in Beijing for two years.
2. I _____ never _____ (hear) of that man before.
3. Tom __________ (work) there since
two years ago.
4. The twins ___________ (wash) the clothes for an hour.
5. He _________ (play) basketball since three years ago.
6. How long ____ Sally _____ (sing) yet