专题九　构词法2026年中考英语一轮复习（外研版）（共69页）

(共69张PPT)
二、构词法
专题九　构词法
试题精练
考点精讲
知识导图
中考解读
知识导图
中考解读
考点 题型 考频 考查内容
派生法 语法选择 5年4考 2025(1分): different (difference/differently)
2024(1分): exciting (excite/excitement)
2022(1分): successfully (success/successful)
2021(1分): excitedly (excite/excited/excitement)
短文填空 5年2考 2025(1.5分): deep→deeply
2023(1.5分): invent→invention
合成法 阅读理解B 5年1考 2022(2分): fulfilled
分析近五年广东中考可知，构词法是必考点，主要涉及题型为语法选择和短文填空，且主要考查单词的派生法。复习时要重视单词派生法，提升在语境中准确运用单词词性的能力。
考点精讲
英语中常见的构词法有：合成、派生(前缀、后缀)和转化。另外，缩写和简写也是构词法的一种。
考点 合成法
由两个或两个以上独立的单词结合在一起构成一个新词，这种构词法叫合成法。
类别 举例
复合名词 lunchtime, whiteboard, paper cut
复合形容词 worldwide, long term, man made, warm hearted, ten year old
类别 举例
复合动词 overcome, babysit
复合副词 downstairs, outdoors
复合代词 something(2025.72), anybody
复合数词 fifty four, thirty nine
复合介词 within, without
考点 派生法
在一个单词的前面或后面加上一个词缀构成一个新词，这种构词法叫派生法。加在单词前的词缀叫前缀，加在单词后的词缀叫后缀。
1. 前缀(前缀一般只改词的意思而不改其词性)
(1)表否定的前缀
前缀 意义 举例
un ， dis ， im ， il ， in ， non 表示“不；非” unfriendly, unusual, uncomfortable; dishonest, dislike, disagree, disappear; impossible, impolite; illegal; incorrect, indirect; nonsense, nonstop
mis 表示“错的” misunderstand, mislead
(2)表程度或大小的前缀

前缀 意义 举例
super 表示“超级” superhero, superstar, supermarket
mini 表示“小” minibus, miniskirt
micro 表示“微观的” microcomputer, microscope(显微镜)
(3)其他前缀
前缀 意义 举例
inter 表示“互相；在……之间” interview, international, Internet
re 表示“重复；重新” review, retell, return, rebuild
pre 表示“在……之前” preview, prepay
post 表示“后；以后” postwar, postgraduate
fore 表示“先；前” foresee(预见；预知), forehead
(前额)
前缀 意义 举例
bi 表示“二；双” bicycle, bilingual(双语的)
trans 表示“转变；跨越” translate, transport, transform
tele 表示“远的” telephone, television
kilo 表示“千” kilometer, kilogram
en 表示“使……处于某种状态” enable, enrich, encourage
sub 表示“在……之下；次；副” subway, subtitle(字幕)
anti 表示“反对；防止” antiwar, antifreeze(防冻剂)
a 表示“处于……状态或过程” asleep, alive, awake
mid 表示“在中间” midnight, midday
2. 后缀(后缀多改词性而不改其词义)
(1)名词后缀
后缀 意义 举例
or, er 表示“某种身份或职业的人” actor, visitor, director; writer, singer, teacher
ist, ian 表示“从事或做……的人” artist, scientist(2024.50), tourist, pianist; musician
eer 表示“与……有关的人” engineer, volunteer, mountaineer
ess 表示“女……； 雌……” goddess, actress
ese 表示“……国的；……国的语言 (或人)” Chinese, Japanese
后缀 意义 举例
ion, ation， tion, sion 表示“行为；状态” fashion; invitation, pronunciation; pollution, invention, competition; decision
ship 表示“品质； 性质” friendship, relationship
ment 表示“……的行为 (或结果)” movement, development, agreement
th 构成抽象名词 truth, warmth, growth, wealth, death
y, ty, ity difficulty; safety; ability, possibility, reality
ness happiness, illness, kindness, coldness
后缀 意义 举例
hood 表示“某种事物” childhood, neighborhood
ing building, clothing
age 表示“行为或行为的结果、状态” marriage, courage, usage, package
dom 表示“领域；状况” kingdom, wisdom, freedom
ance, ence 表示“动作、性质 或状态” appearance, importance, Performance
(2025.74); preference，
Patience
(2)形容词后缀
后缀 意义 举例
ful 表示“有……性质的； 充满……的” meaningful(2025.50), successful,
cheerful, colorful，wonderful
y 表示“有……特性的” healthy, funny, windy, salty
ing 表示“使……的；正在……的” boring, exciting(2024.34), interesting, changing, outstanding
ed 表示“有……特征的； 以……为特征的” bored, surprised, balanced, relaxed, talented
后缀 意义 举例
al 表示“……的” traditional, personal, national
able, ible 表示“能够……的； 可……的” comfortable, suitable; possible
less 表示“没有；无” homeless, hopeless, careless, helpless
ive, itive 表示“……性质的” active, creative, expensive, competitive
ous 表示“有……的； 充满……的” nervous, humorous,
dangerous, famous
后缀 意义 举例
ish 表示“有……性质的” foolish, childish
en 表示“……材质的” wooden, golden
ern 表示“……方向的” eastern, western, southern
ant 表示“具有……性质的” important, pleasant, relevant(相关的)
ary 表示“属于……的” necessary, ordinary(普通的), primary, voluntary
some 表示“有……品质的； 引起……的” handsome, troublesome,
awesome(让人惊叹的)
(3)动词后缀
后缀 意义 举例
en 表示“变得；使成为” deepen, shorten, darken
ize 表示“使成……状态” realize, organize
ify 表示“使……化” beautify, simplify, classify, identify(2024.59)
(4)副词后缀
后缀 意义 举例
ly 表示“以……方式；至……程度” happily, clearly, quickly, smoothly
(2024.48), amazingly(2025.47),
deeply(2025.75)
ward(s) 表示“向……； 朝……方向” forward(s), upward(s), backward(s)
注意　friendly, lovely, lively, lonely 这四个单词虽以 -ly结尾，但却是形容词。
考点 转化法
英语构词法中把一种词性转化为另一种词性而词形不变的方法称作转化法。单词转化后的意义往往与其之前的意义联系密切。
类别 举例
名词转化为动词 age n. 年龄→v. 变老　show n. 展览；展示→v. 表演；展出
hand n. 手→v. 交给　color n. 颜色→v. 给……着色　water n. 水→v. 浇水
动词转化为名词 walk v. 散步→n. 散步　look v. 看→n. 相貌
形容词转化为动词 empty adj. 空的→v. 使变空　slow adj. 慢的→v. 放慢
dry adj. 干的→v. 使……变干　clean adj. 干净的→v. 打扫
形容词转化为名词 back adj. 后面的→n. 背部；后面　light adj. 明亮的→n. 灯
形容词转化为副词 long adj. 长的→adv. 长期地　high adj. 高的→adv. 高地
hard adj. 艰难的；困难的→adv. 努力地
考点 缩写和简写
缩写和简写(也被称为截断法或缩短法)可采取“截头”、“去尾”、“既截头又去尾”和“首字母缩略法”等方法来构成新词。
类别 举例
截头 airplane→plane　telephone→phone
去尾 gymnasium→gym kilogram→kilo　 laboratory→lab　mathematics→math　 photograph→photo
既截头又去尾 influenza→flu　refrigerator→fridge
类别 举例
首字母缩略法 AI (artificial intelligence)　　　 CD (compact disk)　　　
P．E. (physical education) VIP (Very Important Person)
DIY (Do It Yourself) UFO (unidentified flying object)
CCTV (China Central Television)　 NBA (National Basketball Association)
UK (The United Kingdom) USA (The United States of America)
WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature or World Wildlife Fund)
CPC (Communist Party of China) PLA (People's Liberation Army)
PRC (People's Republic of China) UN (United Nations)
WHO (World Health Organization) WTO (World Trade Organization)
常考构词法归纳(2021—2025年广东省卷)
kilometer n. 千米；公里(2025)　 rainforest n. 雨林(2025)
wildfire n. 野火(2025) farmland n. 农田；耕地(2025)
teamwork n. 团队合作(2025) deskmate n. 同桌(2025)
background n. 背景(2025) businessman n. 商人(2025)
worldwide adj. 全世界的；世界范围的(2025)
newly planted adj. 新种植的(2025) handmade adj. 手工的(2025)
hands on adj. 动手的；实际操作的(2025, 2024)
everywhere adv. 处处；到处；各个地方(2025)
without prep. 没有；不(做某事)(2025)
lifestyle n. 生活方式(2024) raincoat n. 雨衣(2024)
clean up n. 清扫(2024) problem solving n. 解决问题(2024)
chicken raising n. 养鸡(2024) lifelong adj. 终身的(2024)
parent child adj. 亲子间的(2024) same aged adj. 同龄的(2024)
teapot n. 茶壶(2023) guidebook n. 旅行指南(2023)
supermarket n. 超市(2023) notebook n. 笔记本(2023)
banknote n. 钞票(2023) toothbrush n. 牙刷(2023)
paper making n. 造纸术(2023) horse tail adj. 马尾的(2023)
newspaper n. 报纸(2022, 2021) newcomer n. 新来者(2021)
high speed adj. 高速的(2021) open air adj. 户外的(2021)
一、表否定的前缀
(一)un- ：
1. like prep. 像；如同→__________ prep. 不像……；和……不同
2. forget v. 忘记→forgettable adj. 易被忘记的→____________adj. 难忘的(2024)
3. believable adj. 可相信的；可信任的→_____________adj. 难以置信的；不真实的(2024, 2023)
unlike
unforgettable
unbelievable
4. necessary adj. 必要的；必需的→_____________adj. 不必要的；多余的(2023)
5. eat v. 吃→ eaten adj. 吃过的→ uneaten adj. 未吃的(2021)
(二)dis- ：
6. cover v. 覆盖；遮盖→discover v. 发现；找到(2023, 2022, 2021)→__________n. 发现(2022, 2021)
7. appear v. 出现→____________v. 消失；不见(2025, 2024)→appearance n. 出现；外貌
unnecessary
discovery
disappear
二、名词后缀
(一) -er/ -or/ -ist/ -ian：
1. dance v. 跳舞 n. 舞蹈→__________n. 舞蹈家；舞者(2025)
2. travel v．& n. 旅行；游历→__________n．旅行者；旅客(2025)
3. paint v. 用颜料画；在……上刷油漆→__________n. 画家(2024)→ __________n. 绘画(2025, 2024)
4. music n. 音乐→__________n. 音乐家(2024)
5. design v. 设计→__________n. 设计师(2024)
dancer
traveler
painter
painting
musician
designer
6. invent v. 发明；创造→__________n. 发明者(2024)→ __________n. 发明；发明物(2023, 2021)
7. biology n. 生物学→__________n. 生物学家(2024)
8. research v．& n. 研究；调查→__________n. 研究人员(2024)
9. law n. 法律→__________n. 律师(2024)
10. science n. 科学→__________n. 科学家(2024, 2023, 2022)→ scientific adj. 科学的(2025, 2023)
11. direct v. 管理，指导；导演→__________n. 导演；主管(2022)→ __________n. 说明；方向(2024, 2023)
inventor
invention
biologist
researcher
lawyer
scientist
director
direction
12. foreign adj. 外国的→__________n. 外国人(2022)
13. own v. 拥有；有→__________ n. 物主；主人(2021)
(二) -ion/ -sion：
14. pollute v. 污染；弄脏→ __________n. 污染；污染物(2025)
15. populate v. 居住于；生活于→ __________n. 人口；人口数量(2025)
16. imagine v. 想象；设想→ ____________n. 想象；想象力(2025)
17. cooperate v. 合作；协作→ ____________n. 合作；协作(2025, 2024)
foreigner
owner
pollution
population
imagination
cooperation
municate v. 交流；沟通→ ________________n. 交流；沟通(2024)
19. instruct v. 指示；吩咐→ __________n. 说明；指示；命令(2025, 2024, 2021)
pete v. 竞争；对抗→ ____________n. 比赛；竞争(2023)
21. decide v. 决定；选定→__________n. 决定；抉择(2024, 2023, 2021)
22. protect v. 保护；防卫→__________n. 保护；保卫(2021)
communication
instruction
competition
decision
protection
(三) -ty/ -ity：
23. create v. 创造；创建→__________adj. 有创造力的；创造性的(2025，2024, 2023)→ __________ n. 创造力；独创性(2024, 2023)
24. curious adj. 好奇的→__________n. 好奇心(2024)
25. difficult adj. 困难的→__________n. 困难；难题(2024, 2023)
26. act v. 行动→active adj. 活跃的；积极的→ __________ n. 活动(2024, 2023, 2022, 2021)
27. able adj. 能够→__________n. 能力；才能(2024, 2023, 2021)→disabled adj. 残疾的
creative
creativity
curiosity
difficulty
activity
ability
28. safe adj. 安全的→_________adv. 安全地(2024)→__________n. 安全；安全性(2024, 2021)
(四) -ment：
29. require v. 需要；要求→______________n. 要求；必要条件(2025, 2024)
30. develop v. 发展；壮大→____________n. 发展，进步(2025, 2021)→__________adj. 发展中的(2025)→developed adj. 发达的
31. achieve v. 达到；实现→_____________n. 成就；成绩(2022)
safely
safety
requirement
development
developing
achievement
(五) - ship：
32. relation n. 关系；联系；交往→________________n. 关系；联系(2025)
33. lead v. 带路；领导→_____________n. 领导；领袖(2021)→__________n. 领导；领导地位(2024)
34. friend n. 朋友→__________n. 友谊；友情(2024, 2022)→__________adj. 友好的
relationship
leader
leadership
friendship
friendly
(六) -ance/ -ence：
35. convenient adj. 便利的；方便的→_____________n. 方便；便利(2025)
36. perform v. 表演；执行→____________n．表演者；演员→_____________n．表演；演出(2025)
37. important adj. 重要的→__________n. 重要性(2024, 2022)
(七) - ture：
38. mix n. 混合配料 v. (使)混合；融合→____________n. 混合物(2025)
convenience
performer
performance
importance
mixture
三、形容词后缀
(一) -ed/ -ing：
1. bore v. 使厌烦；使烦扰→__________adj. 无聊的；令人厌倦的(2025, 2024, 2023)→__________adj. 厌烦的；厌倦的(2022)
2. satisfy v. 满足；使满意→__________adj. 满足的；满意的(2025, 2024, 2022)→ satisfying adj. 令人满意的
3. interest n. 兴趣；爱好 v. 使感兴趣；使关注→__________adj. 感兴趣的(2022, 2021)→__________ adj. 有趣的(2025, 2023, 2021)
boring
bored
satisfied
interested
interesting
4. amaze v. 使惊奇→__________adj. 惊奇的；惊讶的→ __________adj. 令人大为惊奇的；令人惊喜(惊叹)的(2024)→ __________adv.令人惊讶地 (2025)→amazement n. 惊诧；惊奇
5. disappoint v. 使失望→_____________adj. 失望的→disappointing adj. 令人失望的→ ________________n. 失望(2024)
6. relax v. 放松→__________adj. 放松的；自在的(2024, 2023)→ relaxing adj. 令人放松的
7. surprise n. 惊奇；惊讶v. 使吃惊→__________adj. 惊奇的；感觉意外的(2024, 2023)→__________ adj. 令人惊讶的
amazed
amazing
amazingly
disappointed
disappointment
relaxed
surprised
surprising
8. excite v. 使兴奋；使激动→__________adj. 激动的；兴奋的(2024, 2023, 2021)→__________adj. 使人兴奋的；令人激动的(2024)→excitedly adv. 兴奋地；激动地(2022)→__________n. 激动；兴奋(2024, 2021)
9. worry v．& n. 担心；担忧→__________adj. 担心的(2024, 2022, 2021)
10. move v. 移动；感动→__________adj. 感动的(2022)→moving adj. 感人的
excited
exciting
excitement
worried
moved
(二) -ful/ -less：
11. thank v. 感谢；谢谢→__________adj. 感谢的；感激的(2025)
12. harm v．& n. 伤害；损害→__________adj. 有害的(2025)
13. mean v. 意思是；打算；意欲→__________n. 意义；意思→____________adj. 有意义的(2025)→____________adj. 无意义的；意义不明确的
14. beauty n. 美；美丽(2025)→__________adj. 美的；美丽的(2023, 2022)→ beautifully adv. 漂亮地→beautify v. 美化
15. peace n. 和平→__________adj. 和平的；安宁的(2024)
thankful
harmful
meaning
meaningful
meaningless
beautiful
peaceful
16. help v．& n. 帮助；援助→__________adj. 有用的；有帮助的(2024, 2022)
17. use v. 使用；运用→__________adj. 有用的；有益的(2024, 2023, 2021)→ useless adj. 无用的
18. pain n. 痛苦；疼痛→__________adj. 令人痛苦的；令人疼痛的(2023)
19. success n. 成功→__________adj. 成功的(2022)→ __________ adv. 成功地(2022)
helpful
useful
painful
successful
successfully
(三) -al：
20. person n. 人→__________adj. 个人的；私人的(2025)
21. tradition n. 传统→__________adj. 传统的；惯例的(2025)
22. medicine n. 药；医学→__________adj. 医学的；医疗的(2024)
23. education n. 教育→____________adj. 教育的；有教育意义的(2024)
24. society n. 社会→__________adj. 社会的(2024)
25. practice v．& n. 练习→__________adj. 实际的；真实的(2024)
personal
traditional
medical
educational
social
practical
26. environment n. 环境→_______________adj. 自然环境的；有关环境的(2024, 2023)
27. nature n. 大自然；自然界→__________adj. 自然的；天生的(2024, 2022)
28. magic n. 魔术；魔法 adj. 魔术的；有魔力的→___________adj. 神奇的；有魔力的(2023)
(四) -y：
29. health n. 健康(状况)→__________adj. 健康的(2024, 2022)
30. snow n. 雪 v. 下雪→__________adj. 下雪的(2024, 2023)
environmental
natural
magical
healthy
snowy
(五) -ous：
31. fame n. 名声；声誉→__________adj. 著名的；出名的(2024, 2023, 2022)
32. danger n. 危险→__________adj. 危险的(2024, 2022)
四、副词后缀
-ly：
1. different adj. 不同的(2025)→__________n. 差别；差异(2025)→__________adv. 不同地(2025)
famous
dangerous
difference
differently
2. clear adj. 清楚易懂的；晴朗的→__________adv. 清楚地；清晰地；明白地(2025)
3. general adj. 总的；普遍的；常规的→__________adv.笼统地；普遍地(2025)
4. bad adj. 坏的；糟的→__________adv. 严重地；差；非常(2025)
5. rapid adj. 快的；迅速的→__________adv. 快速地；迅速地(2025, 2024)
clearly
generally
badly
rapidly
6. hope v．& n. 希望→__________adj. 满怀希望的；有希望的→__________adv. 有希望地(2025, 2024)
7. deep adj. 深的→__________adv. 深深地；强烈地(2025, 2023)→__________v．加深；深化(2024)
8. care v. 在意；担忧；关心→__________adj. 小心的；仔细的(2024)→__________adv. 细致地；小心地(2025, 2024, 2022)→ careless adj. 粗心的；疏忽的→ carelessly adv. 粗心大意地
9. part n. 部分→__________adv. 部分地；在某种程度上(2024)
hopeful
hopefully
deeply
deepen
careful
carefully
partly
10. smooth adj. 平滑的；顺利的→__________adv. 平稳地；流畅地(2024)
11. correct adj. 正确的；恰当的→__________adv. 正确地；恰当地(2024)
12. craze n. 狂热；热潮(2024)→__________adj. 不理智的；疯狂的(2023, 2021)→__________adv. 疯狂地(2024)
13. blind adj. 失明的；盲目的→__________adv. 盲目地(2024)
14. great adj. 美妙的；伟大的→__________adv. 非常地；极大地(2024)
smoothly
correctly
crazy
crazily
blindly
greatly
15. wise adj. 明智的→__________adv. 明智地；聪明地(2024, 2023)
16. sudden adj. 突然的→__________adv. 突然；忽然(2023)
17. easy adj. 容易的→__________adv. 容易地(2023)→uneasy adj. 担心的；不安的
18. simple adj. 简单的；容易的→__________adv. 仅仅；只；不过(2023, 2021)
19. week adj. 周；星期→__________ adj.& adv. 每周的(地)(2023)
wisely
suddenly
easily
simply
weekly
20. exact adj. 准确的；确切的→__________adv. 确切地；精确地(2023)
21. serious adj. 严肃的；认真的→__________adv. 严重地；严肃地；认真地(2021)
exactly
seriously
1．构词法在语法选择中的应用
(2025广东35题节选)She also learned how to make dumplings of __35__ shapes.
(　　)35. A. different B. difference C. differently
解析：由空格后的名词shapes可知，此处应选形容词作定语修饰名词，故选A。
2．构词法在阅读理解中的应用
在阅读理解篇章中，经常出现通过合成法、派生法和转化法构成的词汇，且阅读理解B篇的词义猜测题也时常涉及此类词汇，要求考生掌握构词法的基本规律，并根据文章内容进行推断。
(2022广东57题节选)Although Jerry had achieved great success, he didn't feel “fulfilled”. He asked himself, “Is it enough to climb the highest mountains Am I doing something helpful How can I turn my adventures into something that can help the world？”
(　　)57. What does the underlined word “fulfilled” in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Satisfied. B. Lonely. C. Patient. D. Worried.
解析：fulfilled由ful(同full)和filled合成而来，字面含“充满”之意，且根据后文Jerry自省“爬上最高的山峰就足够了吗？做的事是否有帮助？怎样能把自己的冒险变成对世界有用的事？”可知，Jerry未满足于自己已取得的成就，可推测出此处意为“满足的；满意的”，故选A。
3．构词法在短文填空中的应用
(2025广东75题节选) “It wasn't designed to be one; it just became one，” Mike tells a reporter. “This influenced me __74__. I came to realize that, as architects, we should design with people to keep a city alive.”
解析：分析句子结构可知，此处缺少副词修饰空格前的内容。deep加上副词后缀 ly，构成deeply，意为“深深地；强烈地”，故填deeply。
试题精练
一、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空
1. The act of __________ from the stranger warmed my heart.
2. I think a successful __________ should have good learning habits.
3. In the morning the street was ______________ so we could go through it quickly.
kindness
learner
uncrowded
4. It's good for students to develop the __________ to solve problems by themselves.
5. Sometimes the brothers __________ with each other, but they still care about each other.
6. (2025徐州改编) In our English lesson, Mr Wu speaks __________ enough for all of us to understand.
ability
disagree
clearly
二、词义猜测
1. (2025江西节选)One exciting use of the coconut(椰子) is as a kind of energy. Scientists are working on using coconuts for energy because they are cheap and clean. Coconut oil has already been made into fuel(燃料). It can power cars, trucks, ships and many more.
(　　)What does the underlined word “power” mean
A. Make room for. B. Add value to.
C. Provide energy for. D. Put weight on.
C
2. I met up with many old friends and attended a high school football game. But when I looked at the people who I used to talk with, somehow I didn't have much to say. I returned to school and felt lost. I wasn't very close to my new friends yet, but a lot of things had changed with my old ones. I was going through the transition. It's a time to let go of the past, focus on the present, and aim for the future. If I hadn't experienced this, I'd have missed out on many things — great late night talks, water fights, and so on.
(　　)What is the meaning of the underlined word “transition”？
A. A mistake to correct.
B. A step to change.
C. An improvement to make.
D. A project to carry out.
B
3. (2025兰州节选)The Hong Kong Zhuhai Macao Bridge(HZMB) is the longest sea crossing bridge. It was opened in 2018. The construction(建造) of the HZMB requires cutting- edge technology and careful planning. Its opening proves that humans are making miracles(奇迹) with great effort and wisdom.
(　　)What does the underlined word “cutting -edge” mean
A. High. B. Low.
C. Simple. D. Old.
A
一、语法选择
体裁：记叙文　主题：一次特殊的清扫活动　词数：200　
难度：☆☆　建议用时：5分钟
Last Saturday, our community organized a special clean up event. My classmates and I decided to join __1__ hoped to make a difference. Early in the morning, we met at the Riverside Park. It __2__ with all kinds of waste after some celebrations. The strong smell made us cover __3__ noses.
(　　)1. A. and B. but C. or
(　　)2. A. covered B. is covered C. was covered
(　　)3. A. we B. us C. our
A
C
C
Mrs. Wang, the organizer, handed out tools and gloves and said, “Remember, cooperation always makes difficult tasks much __4__．” At first, we picked up bottles and paper __5__. However, some rubbish was stuck under benches(长凳). Mrs. Wang suggested that we use long sticks __6__ it. “Great idea！” I replied. Soon, neighbors passing by began to join us.
(　　)4. A. easy B. easier C. the easiest
(　　)5. A. care B. careful C. carefully
(　　)6. A. reach B. to reach C. reaching
B
C
B
By noon, the sun was shining brightly and everyone was busy doing the task. We felt very __7__. Just then, an old man brought us some cold drinks. “You kids __8__ a wonderful job now！” he said. His words encouraged us to continue at that time.
(　　)7. A. tired B. tiring C. tiredness
(　　)8. A. will do B. are doing C. have done
A
B
Three hours later, __9__ riverbank looked spotless(一尘不染的). It was so clean and Mrs. Wang said, “This proves that small actions can create big changes.” That day, I learned the power __10__ responsibility and understood how we could work better — cooperation!
(　　)9. A. a B. an C. the
(　　)10. A. of B. for C. to
C
A
二、短文填空
体裁：记叙文　主题：遵守公共规则　词数：235　
难度：☆☆☆　建议用时：7分钟
It's important for us to follow the rules wherever we go. As for public transportation, passengers aren't allowed to carry knives. But one day, I left a small pen knife 1.__________ my schoolbag and didn't notice.
punish　they　in　safety　successful　patient　how　protect　enter　careless　if　why
in
After 2.__________ the subway station, I put my schoolbag on the X ray machine as usual and waited to pick it up. A man in front of the X ray machine came to me directly and asked 3.__________ it was okay to open my schoolbag. I didn't know 4.__________ ， but I agreed. Then I found the pen knife there.
punish　they　in　safety　successful　patient　how　protect　enter　careless　if　why
entering
if
why
There were some people in uniform. One of 5.__________ introduced himself as a subway guard. He told me, “It is not allowed to carry knives on public transportation. You cannot make sure the 6.__________ of other passengers because the knife is dangerous.” I was scared, “I'm sorry. I'm so 7.__________ that I didn't check my schoolbag before leaving home.” The guard looked at me and said, “I know you didn't mean it, but next time, remember to take it out.” I
punish　they　in　safety　successful　patient　how　protect　enter　careless　if　why
them
safety
careless
agreed with what he said. Then the guard educated me 8.__________. Finally, the knife was taken away, and I didn't get any 9.__________. And I didn't feel awful. Later, I wrote a letter to express my thanks to them, because I had learned a useful lesson from them. To 10.__________ others and ourselves, we should follow the rules in public places.
punish　they　in　safety　successful　patient　how　protect　enter　careless　if　why
patiently
punishment
protect