选修1 Unit5 Working the Land核心词汇语境记忆及检测

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名称 选修1 Unit5 Working the Land核心词汇语境记忆及检测
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版本资源 人教版(2019)
科目 英语
更新时间 2026-01-20 00:00:00

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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
人教版高中英语选修1 Unit5 Working the Land
核心词汇语境记忆
1. Agriculture is the science and practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock.
(重点词汇:agriculture 农业,cultivate 耕种,soil 土壤,produce crop 生产作物,raise livestock 饲养牲畜)
中文翻译:农业是耕种土地、生产作物和饲养牲畜的科学与实践。
2. Traditional farming methods rely heavily on human labor and simple tools passed down through generations.
(重点词汇:farming 耕作,method 方法,rely on 依赖,human labor 人力,simple tool 简单工具)
中文翻译:传统的耕作方法严重依赖人力和代代相传的简单工具。
3. Irrigation systems are essential for supplying water to crops in areas with insufficient rainfall.
(重点词汇:irrigation system 灌溉系统,essential 至关重要的,supply water 供水,crop 庄稼,insufficient rainfall 降雨不足)
中文翻译:灌溉系统对于在降雨不足的地区为庄稼供水至关重要。
4. The harvest season is the busiest time of the year for farmers, when they gather their mature crops.
(重点词汇:harvest season 收获季节,busiest 最忙碌的,farmer 农民,gather 收割,mature crop 成熟作物)
中文翻译:收获季节是农民一年中最忙碌的时候,此时他们要收割成熟的庄稼。
5. Using chemical fertilizers can increase crop yields but may also harm the soil and environment over time.
(重点词汇:chemical fertilizer 化肥,increase 增加,crop yield 作物产量,harm 损害,soil and environment 土壤与环境)
中文翻译:使用化肥可以提高作物产量,但长期来看也可能损害土壤和环境。
6. Organic farming avoids synthetic chemicals and focuses on maintaining ecological balance.
(重点词汇:organic farming 有机农业,avoid 避免,synthetic chemical 合成化学品,focus on 专注于,maintain ecological balance 维持生态平衡)
中文翻译:有机农业避免使用合成化学品,专注于维持生态平衡。
7. Subsistence farmers grow food primarily to feed their own families rather than for sale in markets.
(重点词汇:subsistence farmer 自给自足的农民,grow food 种植粮食,primarily 主要地,feed family 养活家庭,for sale 用于出售)
中文翻译:自给自足的农民种植粮食主要是为了养活自己的家庭,而不是为了在市场上出售。
8. Modern agricultural machinery, like tractors and combine harvesters, has greatly increased farming efficiency.
(重点词汇:agricultural machinery 农业机械,tractor 拖拉机,combine harvester 联合收割机,greatly 极大地,increase efficiency 提高效率)
中文翻译:拖拉机和联合收割机等现代农业机械极大地提高了耕作效率。
9. Crop rotation is the practice of growing different crops in succession on the same land to preserve soil fertility.
(重点词汇:crop rotation 轮作,practice 做法,grow different crop 种植不同作物,succession 轮换,preserve soil fertility 保持土壤肥力)
中文翻译:轮作是在同一块土地上连续种植不同作物以保持土壤肥力的做法。
10. Pesticides are used to protect crops from pests and diseases, but their overuse can lead to environmental pollution.
(重点词汇:pesticide 农药,protect from 保护免受,pest 害虫,disease 病害,overuse 过度使用,lead to pollution 导致污染)
中文翻译:农药用于保护作物免受病虫害,但过度使用会导致环境污染。
11. Terracing is a farming technique used on hillsides to create flat areas for planting and reduce soil erosion.
(重点词汇:terracing 梯田耕作,farming technique 农业技术,hillside 山坡,create flat area 创造平坦区域,reduce soil erosion 减少水土流失)
中文翻译:梯田耕作是一种用于山坡的农业技术,以创造平坦的种植区域并减少水土流失。
12. Drought is a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, which poses a serious threat to agriculture.
(重点词汇:drought 干旱,prolonged period 持续时期,abnormally low rainfall 异常低降雨量,pose threat 构成威胁,agriculture 农业)
中文翻译:干旱是持续异常低降雨量的时期,对农业构成严重威胁。
13. Greenhouses allow farmers to control temperature and humidity, enabling the growth of crops out of season.
(重点词汇:greenhouse 温室,allow 允许,control 控制,temperature and humidity 温度和湿度,enable 使能够,out of season 反季节)
中文翻译:温室让农民能够控制温度和湿度,从而实现作物的反季节种植。
14. The plough is a traditional farm tool used to turn over the soil before planting seeds.
(重点词汇:plough 犁,traditional farm tool 传统农具,turn over the soil 翻土,plant seed 播种)
中文翻译:犁是一种传统的农具,用于在播种前翻土。
15. Sustainable agriculture aims to meet current food needs without compromising the ability of future generations.
(重点词汇:sustainable agriculture 可持续农业,aim to 旨在,meet need 满足需求,without compromising 不损害,future generation 后代)
中文翻译:可持续农业旨在满足当前的粮食需求,同时不损害后代满足其需求的能力。
16. Hybrid seeds are developed by cross-breeding different plant varieties to produce crops with desirable traits.
(重点词汇:hybrid seed 杂交种子,develop 研发,cross-breed 杂交,plant variety 植物品种,desirable trait 理想特性)
中文翻译:杂交种子是通过杂交不同植物品种研发出来的,以生产具有理想特性的作物。
17. Livestock farming involves raising animals such as cattle, pigs, and poultry for meat, milk, or other products.
(重点词汇:livestock farming 畜牧业,involve 涉及,raise animal 饲养动物,cattle 牛,poultry 家禽)
中文翻译:畜牧业涉及饲养牛、猪和家禽等动物,以获取肉、奶或其他产品。
18. Soil erosion, caused by wind or water, removes the fertile top layer of soil and reduces land productivity.
(重点词汇:soil erosion 水土流失,cause 导致,wind or water 风或水,fertile top layer 肥沃的表土层,reduce productivity 降低生产力)
中文翻译:由风或水引起的水土流失会带走肥沃的表土层,降低土地生产力。
19. Genetically modified (GM) crops have had their DNA altered to improve characteristics like pest resistance.
(重点词汇:genetically modified (GM) crop 转基因作物,DNA 脱氧核糖核酸,alter 改变,improve characteristic 改善特性,pest resistance 抗虫性)
中文翻译:转基因作物的DNA被改变,以改善诸如抗虫性等特性。
20. A bumper harvest refers to an unusually large and productive crop yield in a given season.
(重点词汇:bumper harvest 丰收,refer to 指的是,unusually large 异常大的,productive 高产的,crop yield 作物产量)
中文翻译:丰收指的是在特定季节里异常大且高产的作物收成。
21. Subsidies provided by the government can help support farmers during times of low prices or poor harvests.
(重点词汇:subsidy 补贴,provide 提供,government 政府,support 支持,low price 低价,poor harvest 歉收)
中文翻译:政府提供的补贴可以在价格低迷或收成不好时帮助支持农民。
22. Compost is organic matter that has been decomposed and recycled as a natural fertilizer to enrich soil.
(重点词汇:compost 堆肥,organic matter 有机物质,decompose 分解,recycle 回收利用,natural fertilizer 天然肥料,enrich soil 肥沃土壤)
中文翻译:堆肥是经过分解和回收利用的有机物质,可作为天然肥料来肥沃土壤。
23. Deforestation for agricultural expansion destroys natural habitats and contributes to climate change.
(重点词汇:deforestation 森林砍伐,agricultural expansion 农业扩张,destroy 破坏,natural habitat 自然栖息地,contribute to 促成)
中文翻译:为农业扩张而进行的森林砍伐破坏了自然栖息地,并加剧了气候变化。
24. Farmers' markets allow producers to sell their fresh produce directly to consumers, often at better prices.
(重点词汇:farmers‘ market 农贸市场,producer 生产者,sell 出售,fresh produce 新鲜农产品,directly 直接地,consumer 消费者)
中文翻译:农贸市场允许生产者直接向消费者出售他们的新鲜农产品,通常价格更好。
25. Agricultural extension services provide farmers with the latest knowledge and techniques to improve their practices.
(重点词汇:agricultural extension service 农业推广服务,provide with 提供,latest knowledge 最新知识,technique 技术,improve practice 改进实践)
中文翻译:农业推广服务为农民提供最新的知识和技术,以改进他们的耕作实践。
26. Monoculture, the practice of growing a single crop over a large area, can deplete soil nutrients and increase vulnerability to pests.
(重点词汇:monoculture 单一作物种植,practice 做法,single crop 单一作物,large area 大面积,deplete nutrient 耗尽养分,increase vulnerability 增加脆弱性)
中文翻译:单一作物种植,即在大面积土地上种植单一作物的做法,会耗尽土壤养分并增加对病虫害的脆弱性。
27. Pasture is land covered with grass and other low plants suitable for grazing animals like sheep and cattle.
(重点词汇:pasture 牧场,land 土地,cover with 覆盖着,grass 草,suitable for 适合,graze animal 放牧动物)
中文翻译:牧场是覆盖着草和其他低矮植物的土地,适合放牧绵羊和牛等动物。
28. Hydroponics is a method of growing plants in nutrient-rich water solutions without using soil.
(重点词汇:hydroponics 水培法,method 方法,grow plant 种植植物,nutrient-rich 营养丰富的,water solution 水溶液,without soil 无土)
中文翻译:水培法是一种在营养丰富的水溶液中、不使用土壤来种植植物的方法。
29. Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food.
(重点词汇:food security 粮食安全,exist 存在,all people 所有人,access to 获得,sufficient 充足的,nutritious food 有营养的食物)
中文翻译:粮食安全是指所有人在任何时候都能在物质上和经济上获得充足、安全和有营养的食物。
30. Arable land is land that can be used for growing crops, a precious and limited resource globally.
(重点词汇:arable land 耕地,use for 用于,grow crop 种植作物,precious 宝贵的,limited resource 有限资源)
中文翻译:耕地是可以用于种植作物的土地,是全球宝贵且有限的资源。
31. The use of cover crops between planting seasons helps prevent soil erosion and improve soil health.
(重点词汇:use of cover crop 使用覆盖作物,between planting seasons 种植季节之间,help 帮助,prevent 防止,improve soil health 改善土壤健康)
中文翻译:在种植季节之间使用覆盖作物有助于防止水土流失并改善土壤健康。
32. Rural communities often depend on agriculture as their main source of income and livelihood.
(重点词汇:rural community 农村社区,depend on 依赖,agriculture 农业,main source 主要来源,income and livelihood 收入和生计)
中文翻译:农村社区通常依赖农业作为其主要收入和生计来源。
33. Precision agriculture uses technology like GPS and sensors to optimize field-level management regarding crop farming.
(重点词汇:precision agriculture 精准农业,use technology 使用技术,GPS 全球定位系统,sensor 传感器,optimize 优化,field-level management 田间管理)
中文翻译:精准农业使用GPS和传感器等技术,来优化作物种植的田间管理。
34. A grain silo is a structure for storing bulk grain, protecting it from pests and weather.
(重点词汇:grain silo 谷物筒仓,structure 结构,store 储存,bulk grain 散装谷物,protect from 保护免受,pest 害虫)
中文翻译:谷物筒仓是用于储存散装谷物的结构,保护谷物免受害虫和天气侵害。
35. Farm cooperatives allow small farmers to pool resources, share costs, and gain better market access.
(重点词汇:farm cooperative 农业合作社,small farmer 小农户,pool resource 汇集资源,share cost 分担成本,gain access 获得准入)
中文翻译:农业合作社允许小农户汇集资源、分担成本并获得更好的市场准入。
36. Fallow land is farmland that is left unplanted for a period to allow the soil to recover its fertility.
(重点词汇:fallow land 休耕地,farmland 农田,left unplanted 闲置不种,allow 允许,recover fertility 恢复肥力)
中文翻译:休耕地是闲置一段时间不种植的农田,以使土壤恢复肥力。
37. Agribusiness encompasses all the business activities involved in food production, from farming to retail.
(重点词汇:agribusiness 农业综合企业,encompass 包含,business activity 商业活动,involve in 涉及,food production 食品生产,retail 零售)
中文翻译:农业综合企业包含从耕作到零售等所有涉及食品生产的商业活动。
38. The threat of desertification turns fertile land into desert, severely impacting agriculture and livelihoods.
(重点词汇:threat of desertification 荒漠化的威胁,turn into 变成,fertile land 肥沃的土地,desert 沙漠,severely impact 严重影响)
中文翻译:荒漠化的威胁将肥沃的土地变成沙漠,严重影响农业和生计。
39. Seed banks preserve the genetic diversity of crops by storing seeds for future use and research.
(重点词汇:seed bank 种子库,preserve 保存,genetic diversity 遗传多样性,store seed 储存种子,future use 未来使用)
中文翻译:种子库通过储存种子供未来使用和研究,来保存作物的遗传多样性。
40. Ultimately, working the land is not just an economic activity but a vital connection between humans and nature.
(重点词汇:ultimately 最终,work the land 耕作土地,economic activity 经济活动,vital connection 至关重要的联系,human and nature 人与自然)
中文翻译:最终,耕作土地不仅是一项经济活动,更是人与自然之间至关重要的联系。
高中英语选修1 Unit5 Working the Land
核心词汇配套练习题
第一部分:选词填空(共15题,每题2分)
A) 单项选择:从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案。
1. ______ is the science and practice of growing crops and raising animals for food and other products.
A. Irrigation
B. Agriculture
C. Harvest
D. Fertilizer
2. ______ is the season when farmers gather their mature crops from the fields.
A. Planting season
B. Harvest season
C. Rainy season
D. Dry season
3. ______ farming avoids using manmade chemicals and focuses on natural methods to keep soil healthy.
A. Traditional
B. Organic
C. Modern
D. Industrial
4. A ______ is a long period with little or no rain, which can cause crops to fail.
A. flood
B. drought
C. storm
D. frost
5. ______ involves raising animals such as cows, sheep, and chickens for meat, milk, or eggs.
A. Crop rotation
B. Livestock farming
C. Organic farming
D. Soil erosion
B) 篇章选词:从下方方框中选择最合适的单词,用其正确形式填入文章空白处。每个单词只能用一次。
soil / grow / water / food / crop / farmer / produce / depend
For thousands of years, humans have worked the land to (6) ______ (7) ______. A (8) ______‘s life revolves around the seasons—planting, tending, and harvesting (9) ______. Healthy (10) ______ is essential for plants to (11) ______ well. In many places, farmers (12) ______ on rain to (13) ______ their fields, but irrigation systems can help when rain is scarce.
第二部分:句子匹配与改写(共10题,每题2分)
A) 匹配题:将句子与最匹配的回应连线。
1. This farmer grows only enough food for his family.
2. They use canals and pipes to bring water to dry fields.
3. She avoids all chemical sprays on her vegetables.
4. The tractor made the work much faster and easier.
5. He plants wheat one year and beans the next on the same field.
A. That's a key benefit of modern agricultural machinery.
B. That’s a classic example of a subsistence farmer.
C. That's the basic principle of crop rotation.
D. That's how an irrigation system works.
E. That's the practice of organic farming.
B) 句子改写:使用括号中所给单词的恰当形式改写句子,保持句意基本不变。
6. They add natural materials to the ground to help plants grow better. (fertilizer)
→ They use ______ to improve plant growth.
7. Tiny bugs can destroy a whole field of plants. (pest)
→ ______ can destroy a whole field of crops.
8. The loss of the good top layer of earth is a serious problem. (soil erosion)
→ ______ is a serious problem.
9. They have a very big and successful collection of rice this autumn. (bumper harvest)
→ They have had a ______ of rice this autumn.
10. Land that can be used to plant crops is getting less. (arable land)
→ ______ is decreasing.
第三部分:语境造句(共5题,每题4分)
根据中文提示和所给核心词汇,造一个语法正确、语义通顺的英文句子。
11. 现代农业机械 (Modern agricultural machinery),例如拖拉机 (tractors),通过减少 (reducing) 对人力的依赖 (dependence on) 极大地提高了效率 (has greatly improved efficiency)。
12. 可持续农业 (Sustainable agriculture) 旨在 (aims to) 满足 (meet) 我们当前的粮食需求 (food needs),同时不损害 (without compromising) 后代 (future generations) 满足其自身需求的能力。
13. 农药 (Pesticides) 的过度使用 (Overuse of) 可以导致 (lead to) 土壤退化 (soil degradation) 和水污染 (water pollution),对环境 (the environment) 构成长期威胁 (a longterm threat)。
14. 梯田耕作 (Terracing) 是一种在山坡 (hillsides) 上使用的有效技术 (effective technique),用于防止水土流失 (prevent soil erosion) 和创造可耕种的平地 (create flat land for cultivation)。
15. 粮食安全 (Food security) 意味着所有人在任何时候都能够获得 (have access to) 充足、安全且有营养的 (sufficient, safe, and nutritious) 食物 (food)。
第四部分:篇章理解与词汇应用(共10空,每空1分)
阅读下面短文,根据上下文和括号内中文提示,在空白处填入一个恰当的英文单词或短语。
Feeding the world’s population is a major challenge. (16) ______ (农业) must become more productive and sustainable. Modern (17) ______ (农业机械) helps, but we also need smarter methods. (18) ______ (轮作) keeps soil healthy. Using natural (19) ______ (肥料), like compost, is better for the environment than chemical ones. However, challenges like (20) ______ (干旱) and (21) ______ (水土流失) threaten farmland. Ensuring (22) ______ (粮食安全) is crucial. This means not just growing enough food today, but protecting (23) ______ (耕地) for tomorrow. Practices like (24) ______ (有机农业) and (25) ______ (精准农业) point the way towards a more sustainable future for farming.
参考答案与解析
第一部分:选词填空
A) 单项选择
1. B. Agriculture
解析:Agriculture(农业)是种植作物和饲养动物的科学与实践的统称,是定义性描述。Irrigation(灌溉)、Harvest(收割)、Fertilizer(肥料)都是农业的具体环节或要素。
2. B. Harvest season
解析:Harvest season(收获季节)特指农民从田地里收割成熟庄稼的时期。Planting season(种植季)、Rainy season(雨季)、Dry season(旱季)不符合“gather crops”的描述。
3. B. Organic
解析:Organic farming(有机农业)的核心就是避免使用人造化学品,采用天然方法。Traditional(传统的)可能用一些化学品;Modern(现代的)、Industrial(工业化的)常与使用化学品关联。
4. B. drought
解析:drought(干旱)指长期缺雨的天气现象,是导致农作物歉收的常见自然灾害。flood(洪水)、storm(风暴)、frost(霜冻)是其他类型的灾害。
5. B. Livestock farming
解析:Livestock farming(畜牧业)指饲养牛、羊、鸡等动物以获取肉、奶、蛋等产品。Crop rotation(轮作)是种植方式,Organic farming是有机种植,Soil erosion(水土流失)是问题。
B) 篇章选词
6. produce (生产)
7. food (食物)
8. farmer (农民)
9. crops (庄稼)
10. soil (土壤)
11. grow (生长)
12. depend (依赖)
13. water (灌溉)
解析:
第6、7题:produce food 是常用搭配,意为“生产食物”。
第8题:A farmer‘s life 指“农民的生活”。
第9题:planting, tending, and harvesting crops 概括了农事主要环节。
第10题:Healthy soil 是植物生长的基础。
第12题:depend on rain 意为“依赖降雨”。
第13题:water their fields 意为“灌溉他们的田地”。
第二部分:句子匹配与改写
A) 匹配题
1. B (这位农民种的粮食仅够自家吃 → 这是自给自足农民的典型例子。)
2. D (他们用沟渠和管道引水到干旱的田里 → 这就是灌溉系统的工作方式。)
3. E (她在蔬菜上避免使用任何化学喷雾 → 这是有机农业的做法。)
4. A (拖拉机使工作快得多也容易得多 → 这是现代农业机械的主要好处。)
5. C (他在同一块地今年种小麦明年种豆子 → 这是轮作的基本原则。)
B) 句子改写
6. They use fertilizer to improve plant growth.
解析:fertilizer 是名词,意为“肥料”,是比 natural materials 更具体、专业的术语。
7. Pests can destroy a whole field of crops.
解析:Pests 是名词,意为“害虫”,概括了 tiny bugs 并点明了其对农作物的危害。
8. Soil erosion is a serious problem.
解析:Soil erosion 是专有名词,意为“水土流失”,准确对应 the loss of the good top layer of earth。
9. They have had a bumper harvest of rice this autumn.
解析:bumper harvest 是固定短语,意为“丰收”,比 a very big and successful collection 更地道。
10. Arable land is decreasing.
解析:Arable land 是专业术语,意为“耕地”,替换了 Land that can be used to plant crops 这一定义性描述。
第三部分:语境造句(参考答案)
11. Modern agricultural machinery, such as tractors, has greatly improved efficiency by reducing dependence on human labor.
解析:such as 用于举例。by doing sth. 表示方式。
12. Sustainable agriculture aims to meet our current food needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own.
解析:aims to do sth. 是核心结构。without compromising the ability of... to do... 是复杂但地道的表达。
13. Overuse of pesticides can lead to soil degradation and water pollution, posing a longterm threat to the environment.
解析:posing a threat to... 是现在分词短语作伴随状语,补充说明结果。
14. Terracing is an effective technique used on hillsides to prevent soil erosion and create flat land for cultivation.
解析:used on hillsides 是过去分词短语作后置定语。不定式 to prevent... and create... 表示目的。
15. Food security means that all people, at all times, have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food.
解析:that 引导宾语从句,解释 food security 的内涵。have access to 是固定搭配。
第四部分:篇章理解与词汇应用
16. Agriculture (农业)
解析:作主语,是本段讨论的总体领域。
17. agricultural machinery (农业机械)
解析:Modern agricultural machinery 是完整短语,作主语。
18. Crop rotation (轮作)
解析:作主语,是一种 smarter method 的例子。
19. fertilizer (肥料)
解析:natural fertilizer 与 chemical ones 形成对比。
20. drought (干旱)
解析:与 soil erosion 并列,同为威胁农田的挑战。
21. soil erosion (水土流失)
解析:与 drought 并列。
22. food security (粮食安全)
解析:Ensuring food security 是动名词短语作主语。
23. arable land (耕地)
解析:protecting arable land 是动名词短语,作 means 的宾语。
24. organic farming (有机农业)
解析:与 precision agriculture 并列,作为可持续农业的范例。
25. precision agriculture (精准农业)
解析:与 organic farming 并列。
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