人教版（2019）选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection核心词汇语境记忆及检测（含答案）

人教版高中英语选修3 Unit3 Environmental Protection
核心词汇语境记忆
1. Environmental protection is the practice of safeguarding the natural world from harmful human activities.
环境保护是保护自然世界免受人类有害活动影响的实践。
重点词汇/短语： environmental protection 环境保护；safeguard 保护；natural world 自然界；harmful human activities 有害的人类活动；practice 实践
2. The increasing concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is the primary driver of global climate change.
大气中温室气体浓度的增加是全球气候变化的主要驱动因素。
重点词汇/短语： greenhouse gas 温室气体；atmosphere 大气层；primary driver 主要驱动因素；climate change 气候变化；increasing concentration 浓度增加
3. The carbon footprint measures the total amount of greenhouse gases produced directly and indirectly by human activities.
碳足迹衡量人类活动直接和间接产生的温室气体总量。
重点词汇/短语： carbon footprint 碳足迹；measure 衡量；total amount 总量；directly and indirectly 直接和间接地；human activities 人类活动
4. Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, are crucial for reducing our dependence on fossil fuels.
太阳能和风能等可再生能源对于减少我们对化石燃料的依赖至关重要。
重点词汇/短语： renewable energy 可再生能源；solar power 太阳能；wind power 风能；reduce dependence 减少依赖；fossil fuel 化石燃料
5. Pollution of air, water, and soil poses a serious threat to ecosystems and human health worldwide.
空气、水和土壤的污染对全球的生态系统和人类健康构成了严重威胁。
重点词汇/短语： pollution 污染；air/water/soil pollution 空气/水/土壤污染；pose a threat 构成威胁；ecosystem 生态系统；human health 人类健康
6. Deforestation, the large-scale clearing of forests, leads to loss of biodiversity and contributes to climate change.
毁林，即大规模砍伐森林，导致生物多样性丧失并加剧气候变化。
重点词汇/短语： deforestation 毁林/森林砍伐；large-scale clearing 大规模清理；loss of biodiversity 生物多样性丧失；contribute to 导致/促成；forest 森林
7. Sustainable development meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
可持续发展既能满足当代人的需求，又不损害后代人满足其自身需求的能力。
重点词汇/短语： sustainable development 可持续发展；meet the needs 满足需求；compromise 损害；future generation 后代；present 当前
8. Conservation efforts aim to protect and preserve natural resources, wildlife, and their habitats.
保护工作旨在保护和保存自然资源、野生生物及其栖息地。
重点词汇/短语： conservation 保护；aim to 旨在；preserve 保存；natural resources 自然资源；wildlife habitat 野生生物栖息地
9. The ozone layer, which shields the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation, has been damaged by certain industrial chemicals.
保护地球免受有害紫外线辐射的臭氧层已被某些工业化学品破坏。
重点词汇/短语： ozone layer 臭氧层；shield from 保护...免受；ultraviolet radiation 紫外线辐射；damage 破坏；industrial chemical 工业化学品
10. Endangered species are at risk of extinction due to factors like habitat loss, poaching, and pollution.
由于栖息地丧失、偷猎和污染等因素，濒危物种正面临灭绝的风险。
重点词汇/短语： endangered species 濒危物种；at risk of 有...的风险；extinction 灭绝；habitat loss 栖息地丧失；poaching 偷猎
11. Recycling waste materials like paper, plastic, and glass helps conserve resources and reduce landfill use.
回收纸张、塑料和玻璃等废弃物有助于节约资源并减少垃圾填埋场的占用。
重点词汇/短语： recycling 回收利用；waste material 废弃物；conserve resources 节约资源；reduce landfill use 减少垃圾填埋；paper/plastic/glass 纸/塑料/玻璃
12. Global warming refers to the long-term rise in the Earth's average surface temperature, largely caused by human activities.
全球变暖指的是地球平均表面温度的长期上升，这主要由人类活动引起。
重点词汇/短语： global warming 全球变暖；long-term rise 长期上升；average surface temperature 平均表面温度；largely caused by 主要由...引起；human activity 人类活动
13. Acid rain, caused by pollutants like sulfur dioxide, damages forests, lakes, and buildings.
由二氧化硫等污染物引起的酸雨会损害森林、湖泊和建筑物。
重点词汇/短语： acid rain 酸雨；caused by 由...引起；pollutant 污染物；sulfur dioxide 二氧化硫；damage 损害
14. Ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with each other and their physical environment.
生态系统是生物群落与其物理环境相互作用形成的共同体。
重点词汇/短语： ecosystem 生态系统；community 群落；living organism 生物；interact with 与...相互作用；physical environment 物理环境
15. Using public transportation instead of private cars is an effective way to reduce traffic congestion and air pollution.
使用公共交通而非私家车是减少交通拥堵和空气污染的有效方法。
重点词汇/短语： public transportation 公共交通；private car 私家车；effective way 有效方法；reduce 减少；traffic congestion 交通拥堵
16. The depletion of natural resources, such as freshwater and minerals, is a growing global concern.
淡水和矿产等自然资源的枯竭是一个日益严重的全球性问题。
重点词汇/短语： depletion 枯竭/耗尽；natural resource 自然资源；freshwater 淡水；mineral 矿物；global concern 全球关注的问题
17. Environmental degradation describes the deterioration of the environment through resource depletion and ecosystem destruction.
环境退化描述了通过资源枯竭和生态系统破坏导致的环境恶化。
重点词汇/短语： environmental degradation 环境退化；deterioration 恶化；resource depletion 资源枯竭；ecosystem destruction 生态系统破坏；describe 描述
18. Biodegradable materials can be broken down naturally by bacteria or other living organisms, reducing long-term waste.
可生物降解的材料可以被细菌或其他生物自然分解，从而减少长期废物。
重点词汇/短语： biodegradable 可生物降解的；break down 分解；naturally 自然地；bacteria 细菌；reduce waste 减少废物
19. The Paris Agreement is an international treaty aimed at limiting global warming and addressing climate change.
《巴黎协定》是一项旨在限制全球变暖并应对气候变化的国际条约。
重点词汇/短语： Paris Agreement 巴黎协定；international treaty 国际条约；aim at 旨在；limit global warming 限制全球变暖；address climate change 应对气候变化
20. Overfishing threatens marine biodiversity and the livelihoods of communities that depend on fishing.
过度捕捞威胁海洋生物多样性以及依赖渔业的社区的生存。
重点词汇/短语： overfishing 过度捕捞；threaten 威胁；marine biodiversity 海洋生物多样性；livelihood 生计；depend on 依赖
21. Desertification is the process by which fertile land becomes desert, often due to drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.
荒漠化是指肥沃的土地变成沙漠的过程，通常是由于干旱、毁林或不适当的农业活动造成的。
重点词汇/短语： desertification 荒漠化；fertile land 肥沃的土地；become desert 变成沙漠；due to 由于；drought 干旱
22. Environmental awareness is the understanding of environmental issues and the importance of protecting nature.
环境意识是指对环境问题的理解以及保护自然的重要性的认识。
重点词汇/短语： environmental awareness 环境意识；understanding 理解；environmental issue 环境问题；importance 重要性；protect nature 保护自然
23. Non-renewable resources, like coal and oil, cannot be replenished on a human timescale once they are consumed.
煤和石油等不可再生资源一旦被消耗，无法在人类的时间尺度上得到补充。
重点词汇/短语： non-renewable resource 不可再生资源；coal 煤；oil 石油；replenish 补充；consumed 被消耗
24. Plastic pollution in the oceans harms marine life, as animals can ingest or become entangled in plastic waste.
海洋中的塑料污染危害海洋生物，因为动物可能摄入或被塑料废物缠绕。
重点词汇/短语： plastic pollution 塑料污染；ocean 海洋；harm marine life 危害海洋生物；ingest 摄入；become entangled in 被...缠绕
25. Afforestation, the planting of trees on land that previously had no forest, helps combat soil erosion and absorb carbon dioxide.
植树造林，即在以前没有森林的土地上种植树木，有助于防治水土流失并吸收二氧化碳。
重点词汇/短语： afforestation 植树造林；plant trees 植树；previously 先前；combat soil erosion 防治水土流失；absorb carbon dioxide 吸收二氧化碳
26. Energy efficiency means using less energy to provide the same level of service, which saves money and reduces emissions.
能源效率意味着使用更少的能源来提供相同水平的服务，这可以节省资金并减少排放。
重点词汇/短语： energy efficiency 能源效率；use less energy 使用更少的能源；provide service 提供服务；save money 节省资金；reduce emissions 减少排放
27. The ecological balance of a region can be disrupted by invasive species, which outcompete native plants and animals.
一个地区的生态平衡可能被入侵物种破坏，这些物种会排挤本地的动植物。
重点词汇/短语： ecological balance 生态平衡；disrupt 破坏；invasive species 入侵物种；outcompete 排挤/战胜；native plant and animal 本地动植物
28. Industrial waste must be treated properly before disposal to prevent contamination of soil and water sources.
工业废物必须在处置前进行适当处理，以防止土壤和水源污染。
重点词汇/短语： industrial waste 工业废物；treat properly 妥善处理；disposal 处置；prevent contamination 防止污染；water source 水源
29. Climate action involves efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and build resilience against climate impacts.
气候行动包括减少温室气体排放和建立抵御气候影响的韧性的努力。
重点词汇/短语： climate action 气候行动；involve 涉及；reduce emissions 减少排放；build resilience 建立韧性；climate impact 气候影响
30. Water conservation practices, such as fixing leaks and using water-saving appliances, are essential in drought-prone areas.
在干旱易发地区，修复漏水和使用节水器具等节水实践至关重要。
重点词汇/短语： water conservation 节水；practice 实践；fix leaks 修复漏水；water-saving appliance 节水器具；drought-prone area 干旱易发地区
31. The loss of habitat is the greatest threat to most species, as it leaves them without food, shelter, or breeding grounds.
栖息地丧失是对大多数物种的最大威胁，因为这使它们失去食物、庇护所或繁殖地。
重点词汇/短语： loss of habitat 栖息地丧失；greatest threat 最大威胁；species 物种；shelter 庇护所；breeding ground 繁殖地
32. Environmental policy refers to laws and regulations enacted by governments to manage human impact on the environment.
环境政策指的是政府为管理人类对环境的影响而颁布的法律法规。
重点词汇/短语： environmental policy 环境政策；law and regulation 法律法规；enact 颁布；manage impact 管理影响；government 政府
33. Carbon emissions from burning fossil fuels are a major contributor to the greenhouse effect.
燃烧化石燃料产生的碳排放是导致温室效应的主要因素。
重点词汇/短语： carbon emission 碳排放；burn fossil fuel 燃烧化石燃料；major contributor 主要因素；greenhouse effect 温室效应；cause 导致
34. Sustainable agriculture minimizes environmental impact, conserves resources, and supports farm communities.
可持续农业最大限度地减少环境影响，节约资源，并支持农业社区。
重点词汇/短语： sustainable agriculture 可持续农业；minimize environmental impact 最小化环境影响；conserve resources 节约资源；support 支持；farm community 农业社区
35. Noise pollution from traffic and industry can cause hearing loss, stress, and sleep disturbance in humans and animals.
交通和工业产生的噪音污染可导致人类和动物听力丧失、压力和睡眠障碍。
重点词汇/短语： noise pollution 噪音污染；traffic and industry 交通和工业；cause hearing loss 导致听力丧失；stress 压力；sleep disturbance 睡眠障碍
36. Eco-friendly products are designed to have minimal harm on the environment throughout their lifecycle.
环保产品在其整个生命周期中被设计为对环境危害最小。
重点词汇/短语： eco-friendly 环保的；product 产品；designed to 被设计为；minimal harm 最小危害；lifecycle 生命周期
37. Coral bleaching, caused by warming seas, occurs when corals expel the algae living in their tissues, turning them white.
由海水变暖引起的珊瑚白化发生在珊瑚驱逐其组织中的藻类时，使它们变白。
重点词汇/短语： coral bleaching 珊瑚白化；caused by 由...引起；warming seas 变暖的海洋；expel 驱逐；algae 藻类
38. Urban sprawl leads to the loss of agricultural land, increased car dependency, and higher energy consumption.
城市扩张导致农业用地流失、汽车依赖性增加以及能源消耗升高。
重点词汇/短语： urban sprawl 城市扩张；loss of agricultural land 农业用地流失；increased car dependency 汽车依赖性增加；energy consumption 能源消耗；lead to 导致
39. Biodiversity hotspot is a region with a high level of endemic species that is also under severe threat.
生物多样性热点地区是一个拥有高度特有物种且同时面临严重威胁的地区。
重点词汇/短语： biodiversity hotspot 生物多样性热点地区；region 地区；high level 高水平；endemic species 特有物种；under threat 受到威胁
40. Individual actions, like reducing waste and conserving energy, collectively make a significant difference in environmental protection.
像减少废物和节约能源这样的个人行动，汇集起来能在环境保护中产生重大影响。
重点词汇/短语： individual action 个人行动；reduce waste 减少废物；conserve energy 节约能源；collectively 集体地；make a difference 产生影响
人教版高中英语选修3 Unit3 Environmental Protection
核心词汇配套练习题
I. 词义辨析单项选择 (共10小题)
1. The rising sea level is a direct consequence of ______, which is caused by the greenhouse effect.
A. acid rain
B. global warming
C. deforestation
D. urban sprawl
2. We can reduce our ______ by choosing public transport, thus lowering our personal impact on climate change.
A. ecological balance
B. environmental awareness
C. carbon footprint
D. biodiversity hotspot
3. Solar and wind power are examples of ______, unlike coal and oil which will eventually run out.
A. fossil fuels
B. renewable energy
C. industrial waste
D. non-renewable resources
4. The giant panda is a well-known ______, and protecting its habitat is crucial to prevent its disappearance.
A. invasive species
B. endangered species
C. marine life
D. algae
5. ______ of plastic bags and bottles helps to save resources and reduces the amount of waste sent to landfills.
A. Deforestation
B. Recycling
C. Desertification
D. Overfishing
6. The ______ in the atmosphere protects life on Earth by absorbing most of the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation.
A. greenhouse gas
B. acid rain
C. ozone layer
D. carbon emission
7. ______ refers to the variety of plant and animal life in a particular habitat, which is essential for ecosystem health.
A. Pollution
B. Conservation
C. Biodiversity
D. Sustainability
8. The process where fertile land turns into desert, often due to climate change and poor farming, is called ______.
A. erosion
B. depletion
C. desertification
D. contamination
9. ______ development aims to meet current needs without harming the ability of future generations to meet theirs.
A. Industrial
B. Economic
C. Sustainable
D. Rapid
10. Using ______ products, such as bags made from plant-based materials, can significantly reduce long-term environmental harm.
A. biodegradable
B. processed
C. synthetic
D. durable
II. 阅读理解 (共5小题)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
The Ripple Effect of a Single Choice
Many people feel that individual actions are too small to make a difference in the face of global environmental issues like climate change. However, collective change begins with personal responsibility. Consider the simple act of refusing a plastic straw. This single decision reduces plastic pollution, saves resources needed for production, and prevents a non-biodegradable item from potentially harming marine life.
This mindset extends to other areas. Choosing a reusable water bottle over disposable ones cuts down on waste and carbon emissions from manufacturing and transportation. Being mindful of energy use at home by turning off lights—a practice of energy efficiency—lowers your household's carbon footprint and utility bills. Supporting companies with strong environmental policies encourages more businesses to adopt sustainable practices.
While government agreements like the Paris Agreement are crucial, they are powered by the demand of citizens. Every eco-friendly choice sends a market signal. When millions of people make these choices, it creates a significant ripple effect, driving larger systemic change. Therefore, fostering environmental awareness and taking action in daily life is not insignificant; it is the very foundation of global environmental protection.
1. What is the main argument of the passage
A. Only governments and large organizations can solve environmental problems.
B. Individual actions are meaningless for large-scale environmental protection.
C. Personal eco-friendly choices can collectively lead to significant positive change.
D. Refusing plastic straws is the most important action one can take.
2. According to the passage, what is one benefit of using a reusable water bottle
A. It is always cheaper to buy.
B. It completely stops climate change.
C. It reduces waste and carbon emissions.
D. It requires no energy to produce.
3. What does the term "ripple effect" metaphorically represent in the context
A. The sound of water pollution.
B. The small circles made by a raindrop.
C. The widespread impact of many individual actions.
D. The financial cost of being eco-friendly.
4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an individual action in the text
A. Refusing plastic straws.
B. Using renewable energy at home.
C. Practicing energy efficiency.
D. Supporting eco-conscious companies.
5. What is the author's attitude towards individual responsibility in environmental protection
A. Doubtful and dismissive.
B. Positive and encouraging.
C. Neutral and uncertain.
D. Critical and sarcastic.
III. 完形填空 (共15小题)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A City's Green Transformation
Our city was once known for its grey skies and polluted rivers. Environmental degradation was severe due to heavy industry. The 1 ______ from factories darkened the air, and 2 ______ poisoned our waterways. 3 ______ was low, and people felt powerless.
Change began with a new 4 ______. The government introduced strict laws to treat 5 ______ before disposal. They invested heavily in 6 ______ like solar farms. To combat 7 ______, a large-scale 8 ______ project was launched, planting thousands of trees in and around the city.
Citizens also played a part. 9 ______ programs became widespread, with separate bins for paper, plastic, and glass. People were encouraged to use 10 ______ to cut down on private car use. 11 ______ campaigns raised public 12 ______ about issues like 13 ______ and the importance of 14 ______.
Today, the air is cleaner, and fish have returned to the rivers. While challenges remain, our city's journey shows that with determined 15 ______, a sustainable future is possible.
1. A. emissions B. ozone C. awareness D. conservation
2. A. industrial waste B. renewable energy C. ecosystems D. biodiversity
3. A. Environmental awareness B. Carbon footprint
C. Climate action D. Urban sprawl
4. A. environmental policy B. invasive species
C. ecological balance D. greenhouse effect
5. A. renewable energy B. plastic pollution
C. industrial waste D. biodegradable products
6. A. fossil fuels B. sustainable agriculture
C. public transportation D. renewable energy
7. A. overfishing B. deforestation C. desertification D.noise pollution
8. A. afforestation B. depletion C. contamination D. sprawl
9. A. Recycling B. Deforestation C. Poaching D. Bleaching
10. A. private cars B. public transportation
C. industrial zones D. power plants
11. A. Education B. Mining C. Fishing D. Manufacturing
12. A. environmental awareness B. carbon footprint
C. energy consumption D. habitat loss
13. A. water conservation B. urban sprawl
C. coral bleaching D. biodiversity loss
14. A. depletion B. conservation C. pollution D. sprawl
15. A. individual actions B. climate action
C. greenhouse gases D. non-renewable resources
IV. 语法填空 (共10小题)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Saving Our Oceans
Ocean 1 ______ (protect) is a global priority. One major threat is 2 ______ (plastic) pollution. Millions of tons of plastic waste enter the oceans yearly, 3 ______ (harm) sea creatures. Animals can mistake plastic for food or become 4 ______ (tangle) in it.
5 ______ (reduce) this pollution, we must use less single-use plastic. 6 ______ (choose) reusable bags and bottles is an effective start. Proper waste 7 ______ (manage) and 8 ______ (recycle) are also crucial.
Another concern is 9 ______ (overfish). Sustainable fishing practices are needed to protect 10 ______ (marine) biodiversity for future generations.
V. 应用文写作
假设你是学校“绿色星球”社团（Green Planet Club）的负责人李华。世界环境日（World Environment Day）即将到来，请你用英语写一封倡议书，张贴在学校公告栏，呼吁同学们参与环保行动。
内容需包括：
1. 说明写信目的及世界环境日的意义。
2. 提出具体的校园环保倡议（至少三点，如节约资源、减少浪费、提高意识等）。
3. 鼓励大家从自身做起，并邀请加入社团活动。
要求：
1. 词数100-120；
2. 使用本单元所学词汇至少5个；
3. 格式正确，语言有号召力。
参考答案及解析
I. 词义辨析
1. B global warming (全球变暖)。海平面上升是全球变暖的直接后果。
2. C carbon footprint (碳足迹)。选择公共交通可以减少个人碳足迹。
3. B renewable energy (可再生能源)。太阳能和风能是可再生能源，与会耗尽的煤和石油形成对比。
4. B endangered species (濒危物种)。大熊猫是著名的濒危物种。
5. B Recycling (回收利用)。回收塑料袋和瓶子有助于节约资源。
6. C ozone layer (臭氧层)。大气中的臭氧层吸收有害紫外线。
7. C Biodiversity (生物多样性)。指特定栖息地动植物生命的多样性。
8. C desertification (荒漠化)。指肥沃土地变成沙漠的过程。
9. C Sustainable (可持续的)。可持续发展指满足当前需求而不损害后代利益。
10. A biodegradable (可生物降解的)。植物材料制成的袋子是可生物降解的产品。
II. 阅读理解
1. C 主旨题。全文围绕个人环保行动虽小，但汇集起来能产生重大影响这一论点展开。
2. C 细节题。第二段明确提到“cuts down on waste and carbon emissions”。
3. C 词义理解题。在上下文中，“ripple effect”比喻无数个人行动产生的广泛影响。
4. B 细节判断题。文中提到了拒绝塑料吸管(A)、实践能效(C)、支持环保公司(D)，但未提及家庭使用可再生能源(B)。
5. B 态度题。全文语气积极，鼓励个人采取行动，如最后一句“it is the very foundation”。
III. 完形填空
1. A emissions (排放物)。工厂排放使空气变暗。
2. A industrial waste (工业废物)。工业废物污染水道。
3. A Environmental awareness (环境意识)。根据上下文，当时环境意识低下。
4. A environmental policy (环境政策)。政府出台新政策是改变的起点。
5. C industrial waste (工业废物)。处理工业废物是政策内容。
6. D renewable energy (可再生能源)。投资太阳能农场属于可再生能源。
7. B deforestation (森林砍伐)。根据下文“planting trees”，与之对应的是对抗“毁林”。
8. A afforestation (植树造林)。种植树木的项目是植树造林。
9. A Recycling (回收利用)。根据“separate bins”，可知是回收项目。
10. B public transportation (公共交通)。鼓励使用公共交通以减少私家车。
11. A Education (教育)。教育宣传活动用于提高意识。
12. A environmental awareness (环境意识)。提高公众的环境意识。
13. A water conservation (节约用水)。可能是宣传活动的议题之一，其他选项与城市改造主题衔接稍弱。
14. B conservation (保护)。宣传保护的重要性。
15. B climate action (气候行动)。全文描述的是应对环境问题的综合行动。
IV. 语法填空
1. protection (名词)
2. plastic (形容词修饰名词pollution)
3. harming (现在分词作状语，表伴随结果)
4. entangled (过去分词作表语，become entangled in)
5. To reduce (动词不定式作目的状语)
6. Choosing (动名词作主语)
7. management (名词)
8. recycling (动名词，与management并列)
9. overfishing (名词)
10. marine (形容词修饰名词biodiversity)
V. 应用文写作 (参考范文)
Call for Action: World Environment Day
Dear fellow students,
World Environment Day is approaching. It's a day to raise environmental awareness and take climate action. Our club calls on everyone to contribute to environmental protection.
Here are our initiatives: First, practice energy efficiency—turn off lights and AC when leaving rooms. Second, reduce plastic pollution by using reusable bottles and bags. Third, participate in campus recycling programs.
Every individual action counts. Let's start today and join our Green Planet Club activities to make our campus and planet greener!
Green Planet Club
Li Hua