人教版（2019）选择性必修 第三册Unit4 Adversity and Courage核心词汇语境记忆及检测（含答案）
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人教版高中英语选修3 Unit4 Adversity and Courage
核心词汇语境记忆
1. Adversity often tests a person's character and reveals their true strength.
逆境常常考验一个人的品格，并展现他们真正的力量。
重点词汇/短语： adversity 逆境；test one‘s character 考验品格；reveal 展现；true strength 真正的力量；person 人
2. Showing courage doesn’t mean being unafraid, but rather acting bravely in the face of fear.
展现勇气并不意味着毫无畏惧，而是在恐惧面前勇敢行动。
重点词汇/短语： courage 勇气；being unafraid 不害怕；act bravely 勇敢行动；in the face of 面对；fear 恐惧
3. The expedition team encountered harsh weather conditions that severely tested their endurance.
探险队遭遇了恶劣的天气条件，这严峻考验了他们的耐力。
重点词汇/短语： expedition team 探险队；encounter 遭遇；harsh weather conditions 恶劣的天气条件；severely test 严峻考验；endurance 耐力
4. Their survival in the wilderness was a testament to human resilience and the will to live.
他们在荒野中的生存证明了人类的韧性和求生意志。
重点词汇/短语： survival 生存；wilderness 荒野；testament to 是...的证明；human resilience 人类的韧性；will to live 求生意志
5. Facing setbacks, it’s crucial to maintain a positive attitude and learn from the experience.
面对挫折，保持积极态度并从经历中学习至关重要。
重点词汇/短语： face setbacks 面对挫折；maintain a positive attitude 保持积极态度；learn from experience 从经历中学习；crucial 至关重要的；setback 挫折
6. The crew worked together tirelessly to repair the damaged ship amidst the storm.
船员们在风暴中齐心协力、不知疲倦地修理受损的船只。
重点词汇/短语： crew 全体船员；work together 齐心协力；tirelessly 不知疲倦地；repair 修理；damaged ship 受损的船只
7. A strong sense of teamwork and mutual support was essential for overcoming the crisis.
强烈的团队精神和相互支持对于克服危机至关重要。
重点词汇/短语： teamwork 团队合作；mutual support 相互支持；essential 必不可少的；overcome the crisis 克服危机；strong sense of 强烈的...感
8. Perseverance is the steady persistence in a course of action despite difficulties or delays.
毅力是不顾困难或延迟，在行动路线上的坚定坚持。
重点词汇/短语： perseverance 毅力/坚持不懈；steady persistence 坚定的坚持；course of action 行动路线；despite difficulties 不顾困难；delay 延迟
9. She showed incredible determination to achieve her goal, never giving up despite numerous obstacles.
她展现了实现目标的惊人决心，尽管障碍重重也从未放弃。
重点词汇/短语： show determination 展现决心；achieve one‘s goal 实现目标；give up 放弃；numerous obstacles 无数障碍；incredible 惊人的
10. The ordeal lasted for weeks, pushing them to the absolute limits of their physical and mental strength.
这场严酷的考验持续了数周，将他们身心力量推向了绝对极限。
重点词汇/短语： ordeal 严酷的考验/磨难；last for 持续；push to the limits 推向极限；physical and mental strength 身心力量；absolute 绝对的
11. In moments of despair, it was their hope for rescue that kept them going.
在绝望的时刻，正是对获救的希望支撑着他们坚持下去。
重点词汇/短语： moment of despair 绝望的时刻；hope for rescue 获救的希望；keep someone going 使某人坚持下去；despair 绝望；rescue 救援
12. Leadership in a crisis involves making tough decisions and inspiring others to stay focused.
危机中的领导力包括做出艰难决策并激励他人保持专注。
重点词汇/短语： leadership 领导力；crisis 危机；make tough decisions 做出艰难决策；inspire others 激励他人；stay focused 保持专注
13. They had to adapt quickly to the changing situation in order to survive.
为了生存，他们不得不迅速适应不断变化的情况。
重点词汇/短语： adapt to 适应；changing situation 变化的情况；in order to 为了；survive 生存；quickly 迅速地
14. His bravery in saving the child from the fire was widely praised.
他从火中救出孩子的勇敢行为受到了广泛赞扬。
重点词汇/短语： bravery 勇敢；save from 从...救出；widely praised 受到广泛赞扬；fire 火灾；child 孩子
15. The hardship they endured during the journey forged an unbreakable bond between them.
他们在旅途中忍受的艰辛在他们之间铸就了牢不可破的纽带。
重点词汇/短语： hardship 艰难困苦；endure 忍受；forge a bond 铸就纽带；unbreakable 牢不可破的；journey 旅程
16. With fortitude, she faced the long and difficult recovery after the accident.
她以坚韧不拔的精神面对事故后漫长而艰难的康复过程。
重点词汇/短语： fortitude 坚韧；face 面对；long and difficult recovery 漫长而艰难的康复；after the accident 事故后；with 以...（方式）
17. A calm mind is a valuable asset when dealing with emergencies and unexpected challenges.
冷静的头脑是处理紧急情况和意外挑战时的宝贵财富。
重点词汇/短语： calm mind 冷静的头脑；valuable asset 宝贵财富；deal with 处理；emergency 紧急情况；unexpected challenge 意外挑战
18. Self-reliance became necessary when they found themselves isolated without external help.
当他们发现自己与世隔绝且没有外部帮助时，自力更生变得必要。
重点词汇/短语： self-reliance 自力更生；become necessary 变得必要；find oneself 发现自己；isolated 与世隔绝的；external help 外部帮助
19. The survivors shared a story of unwavering faith and incredible willpower.
幸存者们讲述了一个关于坚定不移的信念和惊人意志力的故事。
重点词汇/短语： survivor 幸存者；share a story 分享故事；unwavering faith 坚定不移的信念；incredible willpower 惊人的意志力；share 分享
20. Overcoming fear is the first step towards acting with true courage.
克服恐惧是采取真正勇敢行动的第一步。
重点词汇/短语： overcome fear 克服恐惧；first step 第一步；towards 朝向；act with courage 勇敢行动；true courage 真正的勇气
21. The grueling training prepared them for the extreme conditions they would face.
严酷的训练为他们将面临的极端条件做好了准备。
重点词汇/短语： grueling training 严酷的训练；prepare for 为...做准备；extreme conditions 极端条件；face 面对；would 将会
22. In the face of danger, his instinct was to protect the younger and weaker members.
在危险面前，他的本能是保护年幼和体弱的成员。
重点词汇/短语： in the face of danger 在危险面前；instinct 本能；protect 保护；younger and weaker members 年幼体弱的成员；face of danger 危险面前
23. The tragedy brought immense sadness, but also revealed the depth of human compassion.
这场悲剧带来了巨大的悲伤，但也揭示了人类同情心的深度。
重点词汇/短语： tragedy 悲剧；bring immense sadness 带来巨大的悲伤；reveal the depth 揭示深度；human compassion 人类的同情心；but also 但也
24. Resourcefulness in using limited supplies was key to their survival strategy.
机智地利用有限的补给是他们生存策略的关键。
重点词汇/短语： resourcefulness 机智/足智多谋；limited supplies 有限的补给；key to ...的关键；survival strategy 生存策略；using 利用
25. They refused to surrender to despair, clinging to the belief that they would be found.
他们拒绝向绝望投降，坚信自己会被找到。
重点词汇/短语： refuse to surrender 拒绝投降；despair 绝望；cling to the belief 坚信；would be found 会被找到；surrender 投降
26. The experience, though harrowing, taught them valuable lessons about life and themselves.
这段经历虽然令人痛苦，但教会了他们关于生活和自身的宝贵一课。
重点词汇/短语： harrowing experience 令人痛苦的经历；teach valuable lessons 教给宝贵的一课；about life and themselves 关于生活和自身；though 虽然；experience 经历
27. A daunting task lies ahead, but they are resolved to see it through.
一项艰巨的任务摆在面前，但他们决心坚持到底。
重点词汇/短语： daunting task 艰巨的任务；lie ahead 摆在面前；be resolved to 决心；see it through 坚持到底；ahead 前面
28. His heroic actions under pressure saved many lives and earned him great respect.
他在压力下的英勇行动挽救了许多生命，并为他赢得了极大的尊重。
重点词汇/短语： heroic actions 英勇行动；under pressure 在压力下；save lives 挽救生命；earn respect 赢得尊重；many lives 许多生命
29. The spirit of exploration often drives people to venture into the unknown despite the risks.
探索精神常常驱使人们不顾风险，冒险进入未知领域。
重点词汇/短语： spirit of exploration 探索精神；drive someone to 驱使某人；venture into the unknown 冒险进入未知领域；despite the risks 不顾风险；often 常常
30. Solidarity among the group members helped them withstand the extreme hardship.
团体成员间的团结帮助他们抵御了极端的困苦。
重点词汇/短语： solidarity 团结；group members 团体成员；withstand 抵御；extreme hardship 极端的困苦；help 帮助
31. She prevailed over her illness through sheer determination and excellent medical care.
凭借纯粹的决心和精心的医疗护理，她战胜了疾病。
重点词汇/短语： prevail over 战胜；through 凭借；sheer determination 纯粹的决心；excellent medical care 精心的医疗护理；illness 疾病
32. The legacy of their courageous journey continues to inspire people today.
他们勇敢旅程留下的遗产至今仍激励着人们。
重点词汇/短语： legacy 遗产；courageous journey 勇敢的旅程；continue to 继续；inspire people 激励人们；today 今天
33. Fearlessness is not the absence of fear, but the mastery of it.
无畏并非没有恐惧，而是掌控了恐惧。
重点词汇/短语： fearlessness 无畏；absence of fear 没有恐惧；mastery of fear 掌控恐惧；not... but... 不是...而是...
34. The unyielding spirit of the human will can achieve what seems impossible.
人类意志的不屈精神能够实现看似不可能的事情。
重点词汇/短语： unyielding spirit 不屈的精神；human will 人类意志；achieve 实现；seem impossible 看似不可能；can 能够
35. In the aftermath of the disaster, the community came together to rebuild.
在灾难的余波中，社区团结一心进行重建。
重点词汇/短语： aftermath 余波/后果；disaster 灾难；community 社区；come together 团结起来；rebuild 重建
36. He demonstrated composure and clear thinking during the emergency evacuation.
他在紧急疏散期间表现出镇定和清晰的思维。
重点词汇/短语： demonstrate composure 表现出镇定；clear thinking 清晰的思维；during 在...期间；emergency evacuation 紧急疏散；composure 镇定
37. The triumph over such adversity was a celebration of the human spirit.
战胜这样的逆境是对人类精神的颂扬。
重点词汇/短语： triumph over 战胜；adversity 逆境；celebration 颂扬/庆祝；human spirit 人类精神；such 这样的
38. Vulnerability is not a weakness; it is the birthplace of courage and connection.
脆弱不是弱点；它是勇气和联系的诞生地。
重点词汇/短语： vulnerability 脆弱（性）；weakness 弱点；birthplace 诞生地；courage and connection 勇气和联系；not 不是
39. Their enduring friendship was forged in the fires of shared hardship.
他们持久的友谊是在共同经历的艰难困苦中锻造出来的。
重点词汇/短语： enduring friendship 持久的友谊；forge 锻造；fires of 在...的烈火中；shared hardship 共同经历的艰难困苦；friendship 友谊
40. The story is a powerful reminder that within every challenge lies an opportunity for growth.
这个故事有力地提醒我们，每一个挑战中都蕴含着成长的机会。
重点词汇/短语： reminder 提醒；within every challenge 在每个挑战中；lie an opportunity 蕴含着机会；growth 成长；powerful 有力的
人教版高中英语选修3 Unit4 Adversity and Courage
核心词汇配套练习题
I. 词义辨析单项选择 (共10小题)
1. The team showed great ______ by continuing their climb despite the dangerous storm.
A. adversity
B. endurance
C. despair
D. aftermath
2. After the business failed, his ______ in starting again from scratch was truly admirable.
A. ordeal
B. determination
C. vulnerability
D. resourcefulness
3. The miners’ survival after 10 days trapped underground was a miracle of human ______.
A. legacy
B. resilience
C. composure
D. instinct
4. The ______ of the ship's captain in evacuating all passengers calmly saved countless lives.
A. hardship
B. leadership
C. solidarity
D. triumph
5. Facing a ______ task like learning a new language as an adult requires patience.
A. harrowing
B. daunting
C. unyielding
D. heroic
6. Their ______ friendship, formed during the war, lasted a lifetime.
A. enduring
B. fleeting
C. mutual
D. external
7. In a crisis, keeping a ______ is essential for making rational decisions.
A. calm mind
B. positive attitude
C. strong will
D. sense of humor
8. The explorer's ______ drove him to cross deserts and mountains alone.
A. spirit of exploration
B. fear of failure
C. need for comfort
D. lack of resources
9. Her ______ over a serious illness inspired everyone who knew her story.
A. surrender
B. vulnerability
C. tragedy
D. triumph
10. The firefighters’ ______ was evident as they rushed into the burning building.
A. adversity
B. bravery
C. setback
D. resourcefulness
II. 阅读理解 (共5小题)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
The Last Mile
The marathon was the toughest challenge Emma had ever faced. At the 35th kilometer, a sharp pain shot through her leg—a familiar old injury. Adversity had found her again. Every instinct screamed at her to stop. The hardship was overwhelming; the finish line seemed an impossible distance away.
She slowed to a walk, waves of despair washing over her. Memories of months of grueling training flashed before her eyes. She thought of her coach's words: "The body achieves what the mind believes." This wasn't just about physical endurance; it was a mental battle.
Then, she noticed something. Other runners who were also struggling offered words of encouragement as they passed. A stranger handed her a bottle of water. This unexpected solidarity reignited a spark within her. It wasn't about winning anymore; it was about perseverance, about honoring her own effort.
Clenching her teeth, she began to jog, then run. The pain was still there, but it was now a distant echo. Her focus shifted from the pain to the rhythm of her breath, to the cheering crowd. With sheer determination, she pushed forward. Crossing the finish line was a profound personal triumph. It taught her that our greatest victories are often not over others, but over the doubts and limitations we impose on ourselves.
1. What was the main cause of Emma's difficulty during the marathon
A. Bad weather conditions.
B. A sudden leg injury.
C. Lack of water.
D. Poor training.
2. What does the phrase "The body achieves what the mind believes" imply in the context
A. Physical strength is all that matters.
B. Mental attitude is crucial for overcoming physical limits.
C. Thinking too much can slow you down.
D. Belief has no real power over the body.
3. What helped reignite Emma's will to continue
A. The thought of winning a prize.
B. Her coach running alongside her.
C. The encouragement and help from others.
D. The finish line being moved closer.
4. How did Emma's goal change during the race
A. From finishing to winning.
B. From running fast to running comfortably.
C. From winning to simply persevering and honoring her effort.
D. From completing the race to avoiding further injury.
5. What is the main lesson Emma learned from this experience
A. Marathons are too dangerous.
B. Strangers are always helpful.
C. The greatest victory is overcoming one's own inner doubts and limits.
D. Physical pain is always manageable.
III. 完形填空 (共15小题)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Against the Odds
The story of the Antarctic expedition is one of extreme 1 ______ and remarkable 2 ______. Their ship, trapped and eventually crushed by ice, left the 3 ______ stranded on drifting ice floes. They faced 4 ______ conditions: freezing temperatures, constant danger from the ice, and scarce supplies.
Under the 5 ______ of Sir Ernest Shackleton, the group maintained 6 ______. He made the tough decision to attempt a daring open-boat journey to seek help. This 7 ______ journey across the violent southern ocean was a test of their physical and mental 8 ______.
Throughout the 9 ______, which lasted for months, 10 ______ was their greatest enemy. Yet, Shackleton's 11 ______ leadership and his men's 12 ______ teamwork and mutual support kept hope alive. They demonstrated incredible 13 ______, using every piece of equipment resourcefully.
When rescue finally came, not a single life was lost. It was a 14 ______ over seemingly impossible adversity. Their 15 ______ is not just one of survival, but a timeless lesson in courage, resilience, and the unbreakable human spirit.
1. A. comfort B. adventure C. adversity D. success
2. A. failure B. courage C. tragedy D. fear
3. A. crew B. captain C. survivors D. leaders
4. A. favorable B. harsh C. changing D. stable
5. A. rule B. leadership C. order D. shadow
6. A. chaos B. discipline C. disagreement D. individuality
7. A. safe B. optional C. grueling D. short
8. A. limits B. strength C. health D. appearance
9. A. race B. vacation C. ordeal D. celebration
10. A. boredom B. despair C. excitement D. comfort
11. A. weak B. absent C. unyielding D. popular
12. A. lack of B. breakdown of C. exceptional D. simple
13. A. luck B. wealth C. resourcefulness D. speed
14. A. surrender B. tragedy C. triumph D. mystery
15. A. legend B. mistake C. secret D. lesson
IV. 语法填空 (共10小题)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Power of Perseverance
Thomas Edison's story is a classic example of 1 ______ (persevere). He faced numerous 2 ______ (setback) while inventing the light bulb. It is said he failed over a thousand times. When asked about these failures, he reportedly replied, “I have not failed. I’ve just found 10,000 ways that won’t work.”
His 3 ______ (determine) was 4 ______ (true) remarkable. He viewed each 5 ______ (succeed) attempt not as a defeat, but as a step closer to the solution. This 6 ______ (positive) attitude in the face of 7 ______ (adverse) is what eventually led to his 8 ______ (triumph).
His 9 ______ (legacy) teaches us that 10 ______ (overcome) great challenges often requires even greater persistence.
V. 应用文写作
假设你是李华，你校将举办以“Facing Adversity with Courage”（勇对逆境）为主题的英语演讲比赛。请你写一篇演讲稿参加比赛。
内容需包括：
1. 你对“逆境”与“勇气”之间关系的理解。
2. 分享一个具体事例（真实或虚构），说明人们如何凭借勇气、毅力等品质克服逆境。
3. 阐述这一事例对你的启发，并发出呼吁。
要求：
1. 词数100-120；
2. 使用本单元所学词汇至少5个；
3. 结构清晰，有说服力和感染力。
参考答案及解析
I. 词义辨析
1. B endurance (耐力)。在危险风暴中继续攀登需要极大的耐力。
2. B determination (决心)。从头再来的决心令人钦佩。
3. B resilience (韧性/复原力)。矿工生存的奇迹展现了人类的韧性。
4. B leadership (领导力)。船长冷静疏散乘客的行动展现了领导力。
5. B daunting (令人畏惧的/艰巨的)。成年后学习新语言是一项艰巨的任务。
6. A enduring (持久的)。战争中形成的持久友谊。
7. A calm mind (冷静的头脑)。危机中保持冷静对理性决策至关重要。
8. A spirit of exploration (探索精神)。驱使探险家独自穿越沙漠山脉的是探索精神。
9. D triumph (胜利)。战胜重病是一场胜利。
10. B bravery (勇敢)。冲进着火建筑显示了勇敢。
II. 阅读理解
1. B 细节题。根据第一段“a sharp pain shot through her leg—a familiar old injury”可知是旧伤复发。
2. B 推理题。这句话在痛苦和绝望的语境中出现，强调精神信念对身体成就的引领作用。
3. C 细节题。第三段提到其他跑者的鼓励和陌生人的帮助重新点燃了她的意志。
4. C 细节题。第三段明确提到“It wasn't about winning anymore; it was about perseverance...”。
5. C 主旨题。文章最后一句点明主旨：最伟大的胜利是战胜自我施加的怀疑和限制。
III. 完形填空
1. C adversity (逆境)。南极探险的故事充满极端逆境。
2. B courage (勇气)。与逆境对应的是非凡的勇气。
3. A crew (全体船员)。船被困住，船员滞留。
4. B harsh (恶劣的)。描述严寒等恶劣条件。
5. B leadership (领导)。在沙克尔顿的“领导”下。
6. B discipline (纪律)。维持纪律是生存关键。
7. C grueling (折磨人的)。穿越狂暴海洋的旅程是严酷考验。
8. A limits (极限)。考验他们身心的“极限”。
9. C ordeal (磨难)。持续数月的“磨难”。
10. B despair (绝望)。绝望是最大的敌人。
11. C unyielding (不屈的)。形容其坚定的领导。
12. C exceptional (出色的)。他们表现出色的团队合作。
13. C resourcefulness (足智多谋)。他们极其“机智地”利用设备。
14. C triumph (胜利)。这是一场“胜利”。
15. A legend (传奇)。他们的故事成为一个“传奇”。
IV. 语法填空
1. perseverance (名词)
2. setbacks (名词复数)
3. determination (名词)
4. truly (副词修饰形容词remarkable)
5. unsuccessful (形容词，根据上下文逻辑，应为“不成功的”尝试)
6. positive (形容词修饰名词attitude)
7. adversity (名词)
8. triumph (名词)
9. legacy (名词)
10. overcoming (动名词作主语)
V. 应用文写作 (参考范文)
Facing Adversity with Courage
Good morning, everyone.
I believe adversity is the anvil upon which the strength of courage is forged. True bravery is acting despite fear.
Consider the story of a mountaineer who survived a severe storm alone. Through sheer determination and resourcefulness, she endured the hardship. Her perseverance saved her life. This story inspires me deeply. It shows that within us lies an unyielding spirit capable of overcoming great challenges.
Let us all embrace life's difficulties not as obstacles, but as opportunities to discover our own inner courage. Thank you.
核心词汇语境记忆
1. Adversity often tests a person's character and reveals their true strength.
逆境常常考验一个人的品格，并展现他们真正的力量。
重点词汇/短语： adversity 逆境；test one‘s character 考验品格；reveal 展现；true strength 真正的力量；person 人
2. Showing courage doesn’t mean being unafraid, but rather acting bravely in the face of fear.
展现勇气并不意味着毫无畏惧，而是在恐惧面前勇敢行动。
重点词汇/短语： courage 勇气；being unafraid 不害怕；act bravely 勇敢行动；in the face of 面对；fear 恐惧
3. The expedition team encountered harsh weather conditions that severely tested their endurance.
探险队遭遇了恶劣的天气条件，这严峻考验了他们的耐力。
重点词汇/短语： expedition team 探险队；encounter 遭遇；harsh weather conditions 恶劣的天气条件；severely test 严峻考验；endurance 耐力
4. Their survival in the wilderness was a testament to human resilience and the will to live.
他们在荒野中的生存证明了人类的韧性和求生意志。
重点词汇/短语： survival 生存；wilderness 荒野；testament to 是...的证明；human resilience 人类的韧性；will to live 求生意志
5. Facing setbacks, it’s crucial to maintain a positive attitude and learn from the experience.
面对挫折，保持积极态度并从经历中学习至关重要。
重点词汇/短语： face setbacks 面对挫折；maintain a positive attitude 保持积极态度；learn from experience 从经历中学习；crucial 至关重要的；setback 挫折
6. The crew worked together tirelessly to repair the damaged ship amidst the storm.
船员们在风暴中齐心协力、不知疲倦地修理受损的船只。
重点词汇/短语： crew 全体船员；work together 齐心协力；tirelessly 不知疲倦地；repair 修理；damaged ship 受损的船只
7. A strong sense of teamwork and mutual support was essential for overcoming the crisis.
强烈的团队精神和相互支持对于克服危机至关重要。
重点词汇/短语： teamwork 团队合作；mutual support 相互支持；essential 必不可少的；overcome the crisis 克服危机；strong sense of 强烈的...感
8. Perseverance is the steady persistence in a course of action despite difficulties or delays.
毅力是不顾困难或延迟，在行动路线上的坚定坚持。
重点词汇/短语： perseverance 毅力/坚持不懈；steady persistence 坚定的坚持；course of action 行动路线；despite difficulties 不顾困难；delay 延迟
9. She showed incredible determination to achieve her goal, never giving up despite numerous obstacles.
她展现了实现目标的惊人决心，尽管障碍重重也从未放弃。
重点词汇/短语： show determination 展现决心；achieve one‘s goal 实现目标；give up 放弃；numerous obstacles 无数障碍；incredible 惊人的
10. The ordeal lasted for weeks, pushing them to the absolute limits of their physical and mental strength.
这场严酷的考验持续了数周，将他们身心力量推向了绝对极限。
重点词汇/短语： ordeal 严酷的考验/磨难；last for 持续；push to the limits 推向极限；physical and mental strength 身心力量；absolute 绝对的
11. In moments of despair, it was their hope for rescue that kept them going.
在绝望的时刻，正是对获救的希望支撑着他们坚持下去。
重点词汇/短语： moment of despair 绝望的时刻；hope for rescue 获救的希望；keep someone going 使某人坚持下去；despair 绝望；rescue 救援
12. Leadership in a crisis involves making tough decisions and inspiring others to stay focused.
危机中的领导力包括做出艰难决策并激励他人保持专注。
重点词汇/短语： leadership 领导力；crisis 危机；make tough decisions 做出艰难决策；inspire others 激励他人；stay focused 保持专注
13. They had to adapt quickly to the changing situation in order to survive.
为了生存，他们不得不迅速适应不断变化的情况。
重点词汇/短语： adapt to 适应；changing situation 变化的情况；in order to 为了；survive 生存；quickly 迅速地
14. His bravery in saving the child from the fire was widely praised.
他从火中救出孩子的勇敢行为受到了广泛赞扬。
重点词汇/短语： bravery 勇敢；save from 从...救出；widely praised 受到广泛赞扬；fire 火灾；child 孩子
15. The hardship they endured during the journey forged an unbreakable bond between them.
他们在旅途中忍受的艰辛在他们之间铸就了牢不可破的纽带。
重点词汇/短语： hardship 艰难困苦；endure 忍受；forge a bond 铸就纽带；unbreakable 牢不可破的；journey 旅程
16. With fortitude, she faced the long and difficult recovery after the accident.
她以坚韧不拔的精神面对事故后漫长而艰难的康复过程。
重点词汇/短语： fortitude 坚韧；face 面对；long and difficult recovery 漫长而艰难的康复；after the accident 事故后；with 以...（方式）
17. A calm mind is a valuable asset when dealing with emergencies and unexpected challenges.
冷静的头脑是处理紧急情况和意外挑战时的宝贵财富。
重点词汇/短语： calm mind 冷静的头脑；valuable asset 宝贵财富；deal with 处理；emergency 紧急情况；unexpected challenge 意外挑战
18. Self-reliance became necessary when they found themselves isolated without external help.
当他们发现自己与世隔绝且没有外部帮助时，自力更生变得必要。
重点词汇/短语： self-reliance 自力更生；become necessary 变得必要；find oneself 发现自己；isolated 与世隔绝的；external help 外部帮助
19. The survivors shared a story of unwavering faith and incredible willpower.
幸存者们讲述了一个关于坚定不移的信念和惊人意志力的故事。
重点词汇/短语： survivor 幸存者；share a story 分享故事；unwavering faith 坚定不移的信念；incredible willpower 惊人的意志力；share 分享
20. Overcoming fear is the first step towards acting with true courage.
克服恐惧是采取真正勇敢行动的第一步。
重点词汇/短语： overcome fear 克服恐惧；first step 第一步；towards 朝向；act with courage 勇敢行动；true courage 真正的勇气
21. The grueling training prepared them for the extreme conditions they would face.
严酷的训练为他们将面临的极端条件做好了准备。
重点词汇/短语： grueling training 严酷的训练；prepare for 为...做准备；extreme conditions 极端条件；face 面对；would 将会
22. In the face of danger, his instinct was to protect the younger and weaker members.
在危险面前，他的本能是保护年幼和体弱的成员。
重点词汇/短语： in the face of danger 在危险面前；instinct 本能；protect 保护；younger and weaker members 年幼体弱的成员；face of danger 危险面前
23. The tragedy brought immense sadness, but also revealed the depth of human compassion.
这场悲剧带来了巨大的悲伤，但也揭示了人类同情心的深度。
重点词汇/短语： tragedy 悲剧；bring immense sadness 带来巨大的悲伤；reveal the depth 揭示深度；human compassion 人类的同情心；but also 但也
24. Resourcefulness in using limited supplies was key to their survival strategy.
机智地利用有限的补给是他们生存策略的关键。
重点词汇/短语： resourcefulness 机智/足智多谋；limited supplies 有限的补给；key to ...的关键；survival strategy 生存策略；using 利用
25. They refused to surrender to despair, clinging to the belief that they would be found.
他们拒绝向绝望投降，坚信自己会被找到。
重点词汇/短语： refuse to surrender 拒绝投降；despair 绝望；cling to the belief 坚信；would be found 会被找到；surrender 投降
26. The experience, though harrowing, taught them valuable lessons about life and themselves.
这段经历虽然令人痛苦，但教会了他们关于生活和自身的宝贵一课。
重点词汇/短语： harrowing experience 令人痛苦的经历；teach valuable lessons 教给宝贵的一课；about life and themselves 关于生活和自身；though 虽然；experience 经历
27. A daunting task lies ahead, but they are resolved to see it through.
一项艰巨的任务摆在面前，但他们决心坚持到底。
重点词汇/短语： daunting task 艰巨的任务；lie ahead 摆在面前；be resolved to 决心；see it through 坚持到底；ahead 前面
28. His heroic actions under pressure saved many lives and earned him great respect.
他在压力下的英勇行动挽救了许多生命，并为他赢得了极大的尊重。
重点词汇/短语： heroic actions 英勇行动；under pressure 在压力下；save lives 挽救生命；earn respect 赢得尊重；many lives 许多生命
29. The spirit of exploration often drives people to venture into the unknown despite the risks.
探索精神常常驱使人们不顾风险，冒险进入未知领域。
重点词汇/短语： spirit of exploration 探索精神；drive someone to 驱使某人；venture into the unknown 冒险进入未知领域；despite the risks 不顾风险；often 常常
30. Solidarity among the group members helped them withstand the extreme hardship.
团体成员间的团结帮助他们抵御了极端的困苦。
重点词汇/短语： solidarity 团结；group members 团体成员；withstand 抵御；extreme hardship 极端的困苦；help 帮助
31. She prevailed over her illness through sheer determination and excellent medical care.
凭借纯粹的决心和精心的医疗护理，她战胜了疾病。
重点词汇/短语： prevail over 战胜；through 凭借；sheer determination 纯粹的决心；excellent medical care 精心的医疗护理；illness 疾病
32. The legacy of their courageous journey continues to inspire people today.
他们勇敢旅程留下的遗产至今仍激励着人们。
重点词汇/短语： legacy 遗产；courageous journey 勇敢的旅程；continue to 继续；inspire people 激励人们；today 今天
33. Fearlessness is not the absence of fear, but the mastery of it.
无畏并非没有恐惧，而是掌控了恐惧。
重点词汇/短语： fearlessness 无畏；absence of fear 没有恐惧；mastery of fear 掌控恐惧；not... but... 不是...而是...
34. The unyielding spirit of the human will can achieve what seems impossible.
人类意志的不屈精神能够实现看似不可能的事情。
重点词汇/短语： unyielding spirit 不屈的精神；human will 人类意志；achieve 实现；seem impossible 看似不可能；can 能够
35. In the aftermath of the disaster, the community came together to rebuild.
在灾难的余波中，社区团结一心进行重建。
重点词汇/短语： aftermath 余波/后果；disaster 灾难；community 社区；come together 团结起来；rebuild 重建
36. He demonstrated composure and clear thinking during the emergency evacuation.
他在紧急疏散期间表现出镇定和清晰的思维。
重点词汇/短语： demonstrate composure 表现出镇定；clear thinking 清晰的思维；during 在...期间；emergency evacuation 紧急疏散；composure 镇定
37. The triumph over such adversity was a celebration of the human spirit.
战胜这样的逆境是对人类精神的颂扬。
重点词汇/短语： triumph over 战胜；adversity 逆境；celebration 颂扬/庆祝；human spirit 人类精神；such 这样的
38. Vulnerability is not a weakness; it is the birthplace of courage and connection.
脆弱不是弱点；它是勇气和联系的诞生地。
重点词汇/短语： vulnerability 脆弱（性）；weakness 弱点；birthplace 诞生地；courage and connection 勇气和联系；not 不是
39. Their enduring friendship was forged in the fires of shared hardship.
他们持久的友谊是在共同经历的艰难困苦中锻造出来的。
重点词汇/短语： enduring friendship 持久的友谊；forge 锻造；fires of 在...的烈火中；shared hardship 共同经历的艰难困苦；friendship 友谊
40. The story is a powerful reminder that within every challenge lies an opportunity for growth.
这个故事有力地提醒我们，每一个挑战中都蕴含着成长的机会。
重点词汇/短语： reminder 提醒；within every challenge 在每个挑战中；lie an opportunity 蕴含着机会；growth 成长；powerful 有力的
人教版高中英语选修3 Unit4 Adversity and Courage
核心词汇配套练习题
I. 词义辨析单项选择 (共10小题)
1. The team showed great ______ by continuing their climb despite the dangerous storm.
A. adversity
B. endurance
C. despair
D. aftermath
2. After the business failed, his ______ in starting again from scratch was truly admirable.
A. ordeal
B. determination
C. vulnerability
D. resourcefulness
3. The miners’ survival after 10 days trapped underground was a miracle of human ______.
A. legacy
B. resilience
C. composure
D. instinct
4. The ______ of the ship's captain in evacuating all passengers calmly saved countless lives.
A. hardship
B. leadership
C. solidarity
D. triumph
5. Facing a ______ task like learning a new language as an adult requires patience.
A. harrowing
B. daunting
C. unyielding
D. heroic
6. Their ______ friendship, formed during the war, lasted a lifetime.
A. enduring
B. fleeting
C. mutual
D. external
7. In a crisis, keeping a ______ is essential for making rational decisions.
A. calm mind
B. positive attitude
C. strong will
D. sense of humor
8. The explorer's ______ drove him to cross deserts and mountains alone.
A. spirit of exploration
B. fear of failure
C. need for comfort
D. lack of resources
9. Her ______ over a serious illness inspired everyone who knew her story.
A. surrender
B. vulnerability
C. tragedy
D. triumph
10. The firefighters’ ______ was evident as they rushed into the burning building.
A. adversity
B. bravery
C. setback
D. resourcefulness
II. 阅读理解 (共5小题)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
The Last Mile
The marathon was the toughest challenge Emma had ever faced. At the 35th kilometer, a sharp pain shot through her leg—a familiar old injury. Adversity had found her again. Every instinct screamed at her to stop. The hardship was overwhelming; the finish line seemed an impossible distance away.
She slowed to a walk, waves of despair washing over her. Memories of months of grueling training flashed before her eyes. She thought of her coach's words: "The body achieves what the mind believes." This wasn't just about physical endurance; it was a mental battle.
Then, she noticed something. Other runners who were also struggling offered words of encouragement as they passed. A stranger handed her a bottle of water. This unexpected solidarity reignited a spark within her. It wasn't about winning anymore; it was about perseverance, about honoring her own effort.
Clenching her teeth, she began to jog, then run. The pain was still there, but it was now a distant echo. Her focus shifted from the pain to the rhythm of her breath, to the cheering crowd. With sheer determination, she pushed forward. Crossing the finish line was a profound personal triumph. It taught her that our greatest victories are often not over others, but over the doubts and limitations we impose on ourselves.
1. What was the main cause of Emma's difficulty during the marathon
A. Bad weather conditions.
B. A sudden leg injury.
C. Lack of water.
D. Poor training.
2. What does the phrase "The body achieves what the mind believes" imply in the context
A. Physical strength is all that matters.
B. Mental attitude is crucial for overcoming physical limits.
C. Thinking too much can slow you down.
D. Belief has no real power over the body.
3. What helped reignite Emma's will to continue
A. The thought of winning a prize.
B. Her coach running alongside her.
C. The encouragement and help from others.
D. The finish line being moved closer.
4. How did Emma's goal change during the race
A. From finishing to winning.
B. From running fast to running comfortably.
C. From winning to simply persevering and honoring her effort.
D. From completing the race to avoiding further injury.
5. What is the main lesson Emma learned from this experience
A. Marathons are too dangerous.
B. Strangers are always helpful.
C. The greatest victory is overcoming one's own inner doubts and limits.
D. Physical pain is always manageable.
III. 完形填空 (共15小题)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Against the Odds
The story of the Antarctic expedition is one of extreme 1 ______ and remarkable 2 ______. Their ship, trapped and eventually crushed by ice, left the 3 ______ stranded on drifting ice floes. They faced 4 ______ conditions: freezing temperatures, constant danger from the ice, and scarce supplies.
Under the 5 ______ of Sir Ernest Shackleton, the group maintained 6 ______. He made the tough decision to attempt a daring open-boat journey to seek help. This 7 ______ journey across the violent southern ocean was a test of their physical and mental 8 ______.
Throughout the 9 ______, which lasted for months, 10 ______ was their greatest enemy. Yet, Shackleton's 11 ______ leadership and his men's 12 ______ teamwork and mutual support kept hope alive. They demonstrated incredible 13 ______, using every piece of equipment resourcefully.
When rescue finally came, not a single life was lost. It was a 14 ______ over seemingly impossible adversity. Their 15 ______ is not just one of survival, but a timeless lesson in courage, resilience, and the unbreakable human spirit.
1. A. comfort B. adventure C. adversity D. success
2. A. failure B. courage C. tragedy D. fear
3. A. crew B. captain C. survivors D. leaders
4. A. favorable B. harsh C. changing D. stable
5. A. rule B. leadership C. order D. shadow
6. A. chaos B. discipline C. disagreement D. individuality
7. A. safe B. optional C. grueling D. short
8. A. limits B. strength C. health D. appearance
9. A. race B. vacation C. ordeal D. celebration
10. A. boredom B. despair C. excitement D. comfort
11. A. weak B. absent C. unyielding D. popular
12. A. lack of B. breakdown of C. exceptional D. simple
13. A. luck B. wealth C. resourcefulness D. speed
14. A. surrender B. tragedy C. triumph D. mystery
15. A. legend B. mistake C. secret D. lesson
IV. 语法填空 (共10小题)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Power of Perseverance
Thomas Edison's story is a classic example of 1 ______ (persevere). He faced numerous 2 ______ (setback) while inventing the light bulb. It is said he failed over a thousand times. When asked about these failures, he reportedly replied, “I have not failed. I’ve just found 10,000 ways that won’t work.”
His 3 ______ (determine) was 4 ______ (true) remarkable. He viewed each 5 ______ (succeed) attempt not as a defeat, but as a step closer to the solution. This 6 ______ (positive) attitude in the face of 7 ______ (adverse) is what eventually led to his 8 ______ (triumph).
His 9 ______ (legacy) teaches us that 10 ______ (overcome) great challenges often requires even greater persistence.
V. 应用文写作
假设你是李华，你校将举办以“Facing Adversity with Courage”（勇对逆境）为主题的英语演讲比赛。请你写一篇演讲稿参加比赛。
内容需包括：
1. 你对“逆境”与“勇气”之间关系的理解。
2. 分享一个具体事例（真实或虚构），说明人们如何凭借勇气、毅力等品质克服逆境。
3. 阐述这一事例对你的启发，并发出呼吁。
要求：
1. 词数100-120；
2. 使用本单元所学词汇至少5个；
3. 结构清晰，有说服力和感染力。
参考答案及解析
I. 词义辨析
1. B endurance (耐力)。在危险风暴中继续攀登需要极大的耐力。
2. B determination (决心)。从头再来的决心令人钦佩。
3. B resilience (韧性/复原力)。矿工生存的奇迹展现了人类的韧性。
4. B leadership (领导力)。船长冷静疏散乘客的行动展现了领导力。
5. B daunting (令人畏惧的/艰巨的)。成年后学习新语言是一项艰巨的任务。
6. A enduring (持久的)。战争中形成的持久友谊。
7. A calm mind (冷静的头脑)。危机中保持冷静对理性决策至关重要。
8. A spirit of exploration (探索精神)。驱使探险家独自穿越沙漠山脉的是探索精神。
9. D triumph (胜利)。战胜重病是一场胜利。
10. B bravery (勇敢)。冲进着火建筑显示了勇敢。
II. 阅读理解
1. B 细节题。根据第一段“a sharp pain shot through her leg—a familiar old injury”可知是旧伤复发。
2. B 推理题。这句话在痛苦和绝望的语境中出现，强调精神信念对身体成就的引领作用。
3. C 细节题。第三段提到其他跑者的鼓励和陌生人的帮助重新点燃了她的意志。
4. C 细节题。第三段明确提到“It wasn't about winning anymore; it was about perseverance...”。
5. C 主旨题。文章最后一句点明主旨：最伟大的胜利是战胜自我施加的怀疑和限制。
III. 完形填空
1. C adversity (逆境)。南极探险的故事充满极端逆境。
2. B courage (勇气)。与逆境对应的是非凡的勇气。
3. A crew (全体船员)。船被困住，船员滞留。
4. B harsh (恶劣的)。描述严寒等恶劣条件。
5. B leadership (领导)。在沙克尔顿的“领导”下。
6. B discipline (纪律)。维持纪律是生存关键。
7. C grueling (折磨人的)。穿越狂暴海洋的旅程是严酷考验。
8. A limits (极限)。考验他们身心的“极限”。
9. C ordeal (磨难)。持续数月的“磨难”。
10. B despair (绝望)。绝望是最大的敌人。
11. C unyielding (不屈的)。形容其坚定的领导。
12. C exceptional (出色的)。他们表现出色的团队合作。
13. C resourcefulness (足智多谋)。他们极其“机智地”利用设备。
14. C triumph (胜利)。这是一场“胜利”。
15. A legend (传奇)。他们的故事成为一个“传奇”。
IV. 语法填空
1. perseverance (名词)
2. setbacks (名词复数)
3. determination (名词)
4. truly (副词修饰形容词remarkable)
5. unsuccessful (形容词，根据上下文逻辑，应为“不成功的”尝试)
6. positive (形容词修饰名词attitude)
7. adversity (名词)
8. triumph (名词)
9. legacy (名词)
10. overcoming (动名词作主语)
V. 应用文写作 (参考范文)
Facing Adversity with Courage
Good morning, everyone.
I believe adversity is the anvil upon which the strength of courage is forged. True bravery is acting despite fear.
Consider the story of a mountaineer who survived a severe storm alone. Through sheer determination and resourcefulness, she endured the hardship. Her perseverance saved her life. This story inspires me deeply. It shows that within us lies an unyielding spirit capable of overcoming great challenges.
Let us all embrace life's difficulties not as obstacles, but as opportunities to discover our own inner courage. Thank you.