人教版（2019）选择性必修 第四册 Unit3 Sea Exploration核心词汇语境记忆及检测（含答案）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修 第四册 Unit3 Sea Exploration核心词汇语境记忆及检测（含答案） |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-01-20 00:00:00 | ||
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人教版高中英语选修4 Unit3 Sea Exploration
核心词汇语境记忆
1. Sea exploration involves investigating the ocean to gain knowledge about marine environments, resources, and history.
海洋探索涉及对海洋进行调查，以获取有关海洋环境、资源和历史的知识。
重点词汇/短语： sea exploration 海洋探索；investigate the ocean 调查海洋；marine environment 海洋环境；gain knowledge 获取知识；resources 资源
2. Early navigators relied on the stars, sun, and primitive charts to traverse vast and unknown oceans.
早期的航海家依靠星星、太阳和原始的图表来穿越广阔而未知的海洋。
重点词汇/短语： navigator 航海家/导航员；rely on 依靠；traverse the ocean 穿越海洋；vast and unknown 广阔而未知的；primitive charts 原始图表
3. The voyage of Zheng He's treasure fleet in the 15th century was a remarkable feat of ancient Chinese maritime exploration.
郑和宝船队在15世纪的航行是中国古代海洋探索的一项非凡壮举。
重点词汇/短语： voyage 航行/航程；treasure fleet 宝船队；remarkable feat 非凡壮举；ancient Chinese maritime exploration 中国古代海洋探索；15th century 15世纪
4. Ferdinand Magellan's expedition achieved the first recorded circumnavigation of the Earth, proving it was round.
费迪南德·麦哲伦的探险队完成了有记载的首次环球航行，证明了地球是圆的。
重点词汇/短语： expedition 探险队；achieve circumnavigation 完成环球航行；first recorded 首次有记载的；prove 证明；round 圆的
5. Marine biologists study ocean life, from microscopic plankton to giant whales, to understand ecosystems.
海洋生物学家研究海洋生物，从微小的浮游生物到巨大的鲸鱼，以理解生态系统。
重点词汇/短语： marine biologist 海洋生物学家；study ocean life 研究海洋生物；microscopic plankton 微小的浮游生物；giant whale 巨大的鲸鱼；ecosystem 生态系统
6. Ocean currents, like the Gulf Stream, are powerful movements of seawater that influence global climate.
像墨西哥湾流这样的洋流是海水的强大运动，影响着全球气候。
重点词汇/短语： ocean current 洋流；Gulf Stream 墨西哥湾流；powerful movement 强大的运动；seawater 海水；influence global climate 影响全球气候
7. The discovery of the Mariana Trench, the deepest point in the ocean, revealed extreme environments on Earth.
马里亚纳海沟——海洋最深点的发现，揭示了地球上的极端环境。
重点词汇/短语： Mariana Trench 马里亚纳海沟；deepest point 最深点；discovery 发现；reveal 揭示；extreme environment 极端环境
8. Submersibles and ROVs allow scientists to descend to great depths and explore the seafloor firsthand.
潜水器和遥控水下航行器使科学家能够下潜到极深之处并亲自探索海底。
重点词汇/短语： submersible 潜水器；ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle) 遥控水下航行器；descend to great depths 下潜到极深之处；explore the seafloor 探索海底；firsthand 亲自地
9. Sonar technology uses sound waves to map the seabed and locate objects underwater.
声纳技术利用声波绘制海底地图并定位水下物体。
重点词汇/短语： sonar technology 声纳技术；use sound waves 利用声波；map the seabed 绘制海底地图；locate objects 定位物体；underwater 水下的
10. Coral reefs are biodiverse marine ecosystems often called the "rainforests of the sea," but they are threatened by warming waters.
珊瑚礁是生物多样性丰富的海洋生态系统，常被称为“海洋中的热带雨林”，但它们受到海水变暖的威胁。
重点词汇/短语： coral reef 珊瑚礁；biodiverse marine ecosystem 生物多样性丰富的海洋生态系统；rainforests of the sea 海洋中的热带雨林；threatened by 受到...威胁；warming waters 变暖的海水
11. The continental shelf is the relatively shallow, submerged edge of a continent, rich in marine life and resources.
大陆架是大陆相对较浅的淹没边缘，富含海洋生物和资源。
重点词汇/短语： continental shelf 大陆架；relatively shallow 相对较浅的；submerged edge 淹没的边缘；rich in marine life 富含海洋生物；continent 大陆
12. Nautical charts are essential tools for safe navigation, showing water depths, hazards, and coastal features.
航海图是安全导航的必要工具，显示水深、危险物和海岸特征。
重点词汇/短语： nautical chart 航海图；essential tool 必要工具；safe navigation 安全导航；water depth 水深；coastal feature 海岸特征
13. Underwater archaeology investigates shipwrecks and submerged ruins to uncover human history beneath the waves.
水下考古学调查沉船和被淹没的遗迹，以揭示海浪之下的人类历史。
重点词汇/短语： underwater archaeology 水下考古学；investigate shipwrecks 调查沉船；submerged ruins 被淹没的遗迹；uncover human history 揭示人类历史；beneath the waves 海浪之下
14. Deep-sea mining for valuable minerals on the ocean floor is a controversial and potentially damaging activity.
在海底开采有价值的矿物的深海采矿是一项有争议且具有潜在破坏性的活动。
重点词汇/短语： deep-sea mining 深海采矿；valuable minerals 有价值的矿物；ocean floor 海底；controversial activity 有争议的活动；potentially damaging 具有潜在破坏性的
15. The International Maritime Organization sets global standards for shipping safety, security, and environmental performance.
国际海事组织为航运安全、安保和环境绩效制定全球标准。
重点词汇/短语： International Maritime Organization 国际海事组织；set global standards 制定全球标准；shipping safety 航运安全；security 安保；environmental performance 环境绩效
16. Ocean acidification, caused by absorbing excess carbon dioxide, threatens shell-forming marine organisms.
由吸收过量二氧化碳引起的海洋酸化威胁着形成外壳的海洋生物。
重点词汇/短语： ocean acidification 海洋酸化；caused by 由...引起；absorb excess carbon dioxide 吸收过量二氧化碳；threaten 威胁；shell-forming marine organism 形成外壳的海洋生物
17. A lighthouse is a coastal tower with a bright light that guides ships and warns of dangerous areas.
灯塔是带有明亮灯光的海岸塔楼，用于引导船只并警示危险区域。
重点词汇/短语： lighthouse 灯塔；coastal tower 海岸塔楼；guide ships 引导船只；warn of 警示；dangerous area 危险区域
18. Marine conservation aims to protect ocean ecosystems and species from overfishing, pollution, and habitat destruction.
海洋保护旨在保护海洋生态系统和物种免受过度捕捞、污染和栖息地破坏。
重点词汇/短语： marine conservation 海洋保护；protect ocean ecosystems 保护海洋生态系统；overfishing 过度捕捞；pollution 污染；habitat destruction 栖息地破坏
19. The Age of Discovery was a period when European ships traveled worldwide in search of new trading routes and knowledge.
大航海时代是一个欧洲船只环球航行以寻找新贸易路线和知识的时期。
重点词汇/短语： Age of Discovery 大航海时代；period 时期；European ships 欧洲船只；travel worldwide 环球航行；search for new trading routes 寻找新贸易路线
20. Plankton are tiny organisms drifting in the ocean, forming the base of the marine food web.
浮游生物是漂浮在海洋中的微小生物，构成了海洋食物网的基础。
重点词汇/短语： plankton 浮游生物；tiny organism 微小生物；drift in the ocean 在海洋中漂浮；form the base of 构成...的基础；marine food web 海洋食物网
21. Modern container ships are the backbone of global trade, carrying goods across oceans efficiently.
现代集装箱船是全球贸易的支柱，高效地跨洋运输货物。
重点词汇/短语： container ship 集装箱船；backbone of global trade 全球贸易的支柱；carry goods 运输货物；across oceans 跨洋；efficiently 高效地
22. Tidal energy is a form of renewable power generated by harnessing the movement of ocean tides.
潮汐能是一种通过利用海洋潮汐运动产生的可再生能源形式。
重点词汇/短语： tidal energy 潮汐能；renewable power 可再生能源；generate 产生；harness the movement 利用运动；ocean tide 海洋潮汐
23. Salinity, the salt content in seawater, varies in different parts of the ocean and affects marine life.
盐度，即海水中的含盐量，在海洋的不同区域有所变化并影响海洋生物。
重点词汇/短语： salinity 盐度；salt content 含盐量；seawater 海水；vary 变化；affect marine life 影响海洋生物
24. The legend of Atlantis describes a lost island civilization swallowed by the sea, inspiring many stories of exploration.
亚特兰蒂斯的传说描述了一个被海洋吞没的失落岛屿文明，激发了许多探索故事。
重点词汇/短语： legend of Atlantis 亚特兰蒂斯的传说；lost island civilization 失落岛屿文明；swallowed by the sea 被海洋吞没；inspire stories 激发故事；exploration 探索
25. Fishing grounds are areas of the ocean where fish are abundant and commercial fishing is concentrated.
渔场是海洋中鱼类丰富且商业捕捞集中的区域。
重点词汇/短语： fishing ground 渔场；area of the ocean 海洋区域；abundant fish 丰富的鱼类；commercial fishing 商业捕捞；concentrated 集中的
26. Maritime trade routes, like the ancient Silk Road at sea, connected cultures and facilitated the exchange of goods.
海上贸易路线，如古代海上丝绸之路，连接了不同文化并促进了商品交换。
重点词汇/短语： maritime trade route 海上贸易路线；ancient Silk Road at sea 古代海上丝绸之路；connect cultures 连接文化；facilitate the exchange 促进交换；goods 商品
27. Oceanographers use satellites, buoys, and research vessels to study the physics, chemistry, and biology of the ocean.
海洋学家利用卫星、浮标和研究船来研究海洋的物理、化学和生物学特性。
重点词汇/短语： oceanographer 海洋学家；use satellites 利用卫星；research vessel 研究船；study the physics 研究物理特性；chemistry and biology 化学和生物学
28. The Suez Canal and the Panama Canal are artificial waterways that dramatically shortened maritime journeys.
苏伊士运河和巴拿马运河是人工水道，极大地缩短了海上航程。
重点词汇/短语： Suez Canal 苏伊士运河；Panama Canal 巴拿马运河；artificial waterway 人工水道；dramatically shorten 极大地缩短；maritime journey 海上航程
29. Marine pollution from plastic waste, oil spills, and agricultural runoff severely damages ocean health.
来自塑料废物、石油泄漏和农业径流的海洋污染严重损害海洋健康。
重点词汇/短语： marine pollution 海洋污染；plastic waste 塑料废物；oil spill 石油泄漏；agricultural runoff 农业径流；damage ocean health 损害海洋健康
30. Krakatoa's eruption in 1883 caused massive tsunamis and demonstrated the powerful connection between volcanoes and the sea.
1883年喀拉喀托火山的喷发引发了巨大的海啸，展示了火山与海洋之间的强大联系。
重点词汇/短语： Krakatoa's eruption 喀拉喀托火山喷发；cause massive tsunamis 引发巨大海啸；demonstrate the connection 展示联系；volcano 火山；powerful 强大的
31. Whale migration over thousands of kilometers is one of nature's most impressive long-distance journeys.
跨越数千公里的鲸鱼迁徙是自然界最令人印象深刻的远距离旅程之一。
重点词汇/短语： whale migration 鲸鱼迁徙；thousands of kilometers 数千公里；nature's journey 自然界的旅程；impressive 令人印象深刻的；long-distance 远距离的
32. Pirates were sailors who attacked and robbed ships at sea, a serious threat to historical maritime commerce.
海盗是在海上袭击和抢劫船只的水手，曾是历史上海上贸易的严重威胁。
重点词汇/短语： pirate 海盗；attack and rob ships 袭击和抢劫船只；at sea 在海上；serious threat 严重威胁；historical maritime commerce 历史上的海上贸易
33. Sea level rise, a consequence of climate change, threatens coastal cities and island nations worldwide.
海平面上升是气候变化的结果，威胁着全世界的沿海城市和岛屿国家。
重点词汇/短语： sea level rise 海平面上升；consequence of climate change 气候变化的后果；threaten coastal cities 威胁沿海城市；island nation 岛屿国家；worldwide 全世界
34. Mangrove forests along coastlines protect shores from erosion and provide vital nurseries for young fish.
海岸线上的红树林保护海岸免受侵蚀，并为幼鱼提供了重要的育婴场。
重点词汇/短语： mangrove forest 红树林；along coastline 沿着海岸线；protect shores 保护海岸；erosion 侵蚀；vital nursery for young fish 幼鱼重要的育婴场
35. Nautical miles are a unit of distance used in maritime and air navigation, based on the Earth's circumference.
海里是用于海上和空中导航的距离单位，基于地球的周长。
重点词汇/短语： nautical mile 海里；unit of distance 距离单位；maritime navigation 海上导航；air navigation 空中导航；based on 基于
36. Maritime law governs legal issues related to nautical affairs, commerce, and disputes on the high seas.
海商法管理与航海事务、商业和公海争端相关的法律问题。
重点词汇/短语： maritime law 海商法；govern legal issues 管理法律问题；nautical affairs 航海事务；commerce 商业；disputes on the high seas 公海争端
37. Desalination plants convert seawater into freshwater, providing a crucial water source for arid coastal regions.
海水淡化厂将海水转化为淡水，为干旱的沿海地区提供重要的水源。
重点词汇/短语： desalination plant 海水淡化厂；convert seawater 转化海水；freshwater 淡水；crucial water source 重要的水源；arid coastal region 干旱的沿海地区
38. The Bermuda Triangle is a region in the western Atlantic Ocean famous for numerous unexplained disappearances of ships and aircraft.
百慕大三角是西大西洋的一个区域，以众多船只和飞机原因不明的失踪事件而闻名。
重点词汇/短语： Bermuda Triangle 百慕大三角；region 区域；western Atlantic Ocean 西大西洋；unexplained disappearance 原因不明的失踪；ships and aircraft 船只和飞机
39. Ocean literacy is an understanding of the ocean's influence on humans and our influence on the ocean.
海洋素养是对海洋对人类的影响以及人类对海洋的影响的理解。
重点词汇/短语： ocean literacy 海洋素养；understanding 理解；ocean's influence 海洋的影响；human influence 人类的影响；on humans 对人类
40. Future sea exploration may focus on uncovering deep-sea biodiversity, harnessing ocean energy, and understanding climate connections.
未来的海洋探索可能侧重于揭示深海生物多样性、利用海洋能源以及理解气候联系。
重点词汇/短语： future sea exploration 未来的海洋探索；focus on 侧重于；uncover deep-sea biodiversity 揭示深海生物多样性；harness ocean energy 利用海洋能源；understand climate connections 理解气候联系
人教版高中英语选修4 Unit3 Sea Exploration
核心词汇配套练习题
I. 词义辨析单项选择 (共10小题)
1. Scientists use small ______ like submersibles to descend to the deep ocean floor for direct observation.
A. navigators
B. vessels
C. lighthouses
D. pirates
2. ______ is the study of ocean life and ecosystems, crucial for understanding marine biodiversity.
A. Oceanography
B. Marine biology
C. Nautical archaeology
D. Maritime law
3. The ______, such as the Gulf Stream, plays a key role in regulating the Earth's climate by distributing heat.
A. continental shelf
B. ocean current
C. sea level
D. tidal energy
4. ______ are highly diverse underwater ecosystems formed by colonies of tiny animals, but they are sensitive to temperature changes.
A. Plankton
B. Mangrove forests
C. Coral reefs
D. Fishing grounds
5. The process of ______, where the ocean absorbs CO2 and becomes more acidic, threatens many shell-building creatures.
A. desalination
B. ocean acidification
C. salinity change
D. marine pollution
6. ______ are essential maps for sailors, showing safe passages, water depths, and potential hazards.
A. Sonar images
B. Nautical charts
C. Satellite photos
D. Historical records
7. The legendary ______ refers to a supposed advanced civilization that sank into the sea, inspiring many stories.
A. Bermuda Triangle
B. Mariana Trench
C. Atlantis
D. Suez Canal
8. ______ involves the search for and study of ancient shipwrecks and artifacts on the seabed.
A. Deep-sea mining
B. Marine conservation
C. Underwater archaeology
D. Sea exploration
9. The ______ was a historical period when European explorers made long voyages to discover new lands and sea routes.
A. Industrial Revolution
B. Age of Discovery
C. Information Age
D. Stone Age
10. Modern ______, which converts seawater to freshwater, is vital for providing water in some dry coastal areas.
A. tidal energy harnessing
B. marine biotechnology
C. desalination
D. salinity measurement
II. 阅读理解 (共5小题)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
The Deep Frontier: Challenges and Promises
The deep ocean, Earth's final frontier, is less mapped than the surface of Mars. Sea exploration today relies on technology like ROVs and submersibles to withstand immense pressure. These tools have revealed wonders like hydrothermal vents and unknown species in places like the Mariana Trench.
However, exploration is now linked to exploitation. Deep-sea mining targets mineral nodules on the ocean floor, but scientists warn it could destroy fragile ecosystems we barely understand. Similarly, marine pollution, especially from plastics, reaches even the remotest depths.
Marine conservation efforts are racing against these threats. Establishing marine protected areas is one strategy. Another is promoting ocean literacy—helping the public understand that a healthy ocean is vital for climate regulation, oxygen production, and food security.
The future of sea exploration must balance the drive for knowledge and resources with the urgent need for protection. As we look to harness tidal energy or discover new medicines from marine life, the principle should be to explore not to conquer, ensuring the ocean's health for generations to come.
1. What is the main idea of the first paragraph
A. The deep ocean is completely unknown.
B. Technology allows us to explore the deep ocean and discover new things.
C. Mars is easier to explore than the ocean.
D. Hydrothermal vents are the only feature in the deep sea.
2. According to the passage, what is a major environmental concern related to the deep sea
A. There is too much ocean literacy.
B. The use of ROVs for research.
C. Deep-sea mining destroying unknown ecosystems.
D. Mapping the ocean floor is too slow.
3. What does "ocean literacy" involve, based on the text
A. Teaching people how to sail.
B. Public understanding of the ocean's importance to human life.
C. Training scientists to use submersibles.
D. Learning about historical pirates.
4. What is the author's suggested principle for future sea exploration
A. Exploration should focus on conquering oceanic challenges.
B. Knowledge and resource use should be balanced with protection.
C. Mining should be the top priority to support technology.
D. Exploration should stop to allow the ocean to recover.
5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a value or resource from the ocean
A. Climate regulation.
B. Potential sources of new medicines.
C. A place for waste disposal.
D. Tidal energy.
III. 完形填空 (共15小题)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My grandfather was a sailor. His stories painted a picture of the sea not from textbooks, but from the deck of a ship. He spoke of using the stars for 1 ______ long before GPS, and of the majesty of 2 ______ like the humpback whale during their long 3 ______.
Years later, as a 4 ______ biologist, I see the ocean through a different lens. My 5 ______ involves studying delicate 6 ______ reefs, monitoring their health as 7 ______ acidification bleaches their vibrant colors. We use 8 ______ to map the seabed and 9 ______ to collect samples from the deep.
The romance of grandfather's tales remains, but now mixed with urgency. I witness the impact of 10 ______ pollution—plastic fragments found even in remote waters. I understand the debates around 11 ______ mining for resources we desperately want but may desperately damage ecosystems to get.
My work is part of 12 ______ conservation. It's about protecting the 13 ______ food web, from the tiny 14 ______ to the great whales my grandfather admired. The sea he loved for its freedom, I now strive to protect for its fragility and its vital role in our planet's future. Every 15 ______ we take into its depths should be guided by respect, not just curiosity.
1. A. exploration B. navigation C. pollution D. migration
2. A. pirates B. creatures C. currents D. navigators
3. A. voyages B. migrations C. routes D. chartings
4. A. marine B. space C. plant D. animal
5. A. hobby B. research C. legend D. tool
6. A. coral B. mangrove C. island D. continental
7. A. ocean B. sea level C. salinity D. tidal
8. A. lighthouses B. sonar C. buoys D. pirates
9. A. submersibles B. charts C. canals D. planes
10. A. marine B. air C. soil D. noise
11. A. deep-sea B. coastal C. freshwater D. underground
12. A. maritime B. marine C. historical D. future
13. A. marine B. human C. local D. simple
14. A. plankton B. ships C. minerals D. volcanoes
15. A. step B. look C. dive D. thought
IV. 语法填空 (共10小题)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Protecting Our Blue Planet
The ocean covers most of our planet, yet it faces serious threats. 1 ______ (overfish) depletes fish stocks. Plastic waste causes severe 2 ______ (marine) pollution. 3 ______ (climate) change leads to 4 ______ (warm) waters and 5 ______ (acid) oceans.
6 ______ (solve) these problems requires global effort. 7 ______ (establish) marine protected areas helps conserve 8 ______ (biodiverse). Reducing plastic use and carbon emissions are actions everyone can take. Supporting 9 ______ (science) research and 10 ______ (promote) ocean literacy are also key to a sustainable future.
V. 应用文写作
假设你是学校“海洋保护俱乐部”(Ocean Protection Club)的负责人李华。你们俱乐部计划在“世界海洋日”(World Oceans Day)举办一场宣传活动。请你用英语写一篇演讲稿，在周会时向全校同学宣读。
内容需包括：
1. 海洋的重要性（如调节气候、提供食物、生物多样性等）。
2. 海洋面临的主要威胁（至少提及两点，如污染、过度捕捞、气候变化等）。
3. 呼吁同学们采取的具体行动（至少提出两点，如减少塑料使用、学习海洋知识、参与清洁活动等）。
要求：
1. 词数100-120；
2. 使用本单元所学词汇至少5个；
3. 语言具有号召力。
参考答案及解析
I. 词义辨析
1. B vessels (船只/舰艇)。Submersibles属于潜水器，是一种vessel。
2. B Marine biology (海洋生物学)。研究海洋生命和生态系统。
3. B ocean current (洋流)。墨西哥湾流是洋流，调节气候。
4. C Coral reefs (珊瑚礁)。由珊瑚虫形成的多样化水下生态系统。
5. B ocean acidification (海洋酸化)。海水吸收CO2变酸的过程。
6. B Nautical charts (航海图)。水手使用的专用地图。
7. C Atlantis (亚特兰蒂斯)。传说中沉没的文明。
8. C Underwater archaeology (水下考古学)。研究海底沉船和文物。
9. B Age of Discovery (大航海时代)。欧洲进行大规模远洋探险的历史时期。
10. C desalination (海水淡化)。将海水转化为淡水的过程。
II. 阅读理解
1. B 段落主旨题。第一段主要讲现代科技（ROV、潜水器）如何帮助我们探索深海并发现新事物（热液喷口、新物种）。
2. C 细节题。第二段明确指出“Deep-sea mining... could destroy fragile ecosystems”。
3. B 细节理解题。第三段将“ocean literacy”解释为帮助公众理解健康海洋对气候调节、氧气生产、食物安全至关重要。
4. B 观点态度题。最后一段作者提出未来探索必须在获取知识/资源与保护需求之间“balance”，并“explore not to conquer”。
5. C 细节判断题。文中提到了气候调节(A)、新药物(B)、潮汐能(D)，但未将“废物处置”列为海洋的价值。
III. 完形填空
1. B navigation (导航)。利用星星是为了“导航”。
2. B creatures (生物)。座头鲸是海洋“生物”。
3. B migrations (迁徙)。鲸鱼的长途“迁徙”。
4. A marine (海洋的)。Marine biologist（海洋生物学家）。
5. B research (研究)。作为科学家，他的工作是“研究”。
6. A coral (珊瑚)。Coral reefs（珊瑚礁）。
7. A ocean (海洋的)。Ocean acidification（海洋酸化）。
8. B sonar (声纳)。用于绘制海底地图。
9. A submersibles (潜水器)。用于深海取样。
10. A marine (海洋的)。Marine pollution（海洋污染）。
11. A deep-sea (深海的)。Deep-sea mining（深海采矿）。
12. B marine (海洋的)。Marine conservation（海洋保护）。
13. A marine (海洋的)。Marine food web（海洋食物网）。
14. A plankton (浮游生物)。构成食物网的基础。
15. A step (步伐/步骤)。比喻每一次向海洋深处的迈进。
IV. 语法填空
1. Overfishing (动名词作主语)
2. marine (形容词修饰名词pollution)
3. Climate (名词作定语)
4. warming (现在分词作定语，修饰waters)
5. acidic (形容词，become后接形容词)
6. Solving (动名词作主语)
7. Establishing (动名词作主语)
8. biodiversity (名词，conserve后接名词)
9. scientific (形容词修饰名词research)
10. promoting (动名词，与supporting并列)
V. 应用文写作 (参考范文)
Dear teachers and fellow students,
Today, on World Oceans Day, let’s remember our blue planet. The ocean regulates our climate, provides food, and hosts incredible biodiversity.
Yet, it is in crisis. Marine pollution from plastic chokes sea life. Overfishing depletes fish stocks. Climate change causes ocean acidification, harming coral reefs.
We must act! First, refuse single-use plastics. Second, learn about marine conservation and spread awareness. Join our beach clean-up this weekend!
The ocean's health is our future. Let's protect it together.
Ocean Protection Club
Li Hua
核心词汇语境记忆
1. Sea exploration involves investigating the ocean to gain knowledge about marine environments, resources, and history.
海洋探索涉及对海洋进行调查，以获取有关海洋环境、资源和历史的知识。
重点词汇/短语： sea exploration 海洋探索；investigate the ocean 调查海洋；marine environment 海洋环境；gain knowledge 获取知识；resources 资源
2. Early navigators relied on the stars, sun, and primitive charts to traverse vast and unknown oceans.
早期的航海家依靠星星、太阳和原始的图表来穿越广阔而未知的海洋。
重点词汇/短语： navigator 航海家/导航员；rely on 依靠；traverse the ocean 穿越海洋；vast and unknown 广阔而未知的；primitive charts 原始图表
3. The voyage of Zheng He's treasure fleet in the 15th century was a remarkable feat of ancient Chinese maritime exploration.
郑和宝船队在15世纪的航行是中国古代海洋探索的一项非凡壮举。
重点词汇/短语： voyage 航行/航程；treasure fleet 宝船队；remarkable feat 非凡壮举；ancient Chinese maritime exploration 中国古代海洋探索；15th century 15世纪
4. Ferdinand Magellan's expedition achieved the first recorded circumnavigation of the Earth, proving it was round.
费迪南德·麦哲伦的探险队完成了有记载的首次环球航行，证明了地球是圆的。
重点词汇/短语： expedition 探险队；achieve circumnavigation 完成环球航行；first recorded 首次有记载的；prove 证明；round 圆的
5. Marine biologists study ocean life, from microscopic plankton to giant whales, to understand ecosystems.
海洋生物学家研究海洋生物，从微小的浮游生物到巨大的鲸鱼，以理解生态系统。
重点词汇/短语： marine biologist 海洋生物学家；study ocean life 研究海洋生物；microscopic plankton 微小的浮游生物；giant whale 巨大的鲸鱼；ecosystem 生态系统
6. Ocean currents, like the Gulf Stream, are powerful movements of seawater that influence global climate.
像墨西哥湾流这样的洋流是海水的强大运动，影响着全球气候。
重点词汇/短语： ocean current 洋流；Gulf Stream 墨西哥湾流；powerful movement 强大的运动；seawater 海水；influence global climate 影响全球气候
7. The discovery of the Mariana Trench, the deepest point in the ocean, revealed extreme environments on Earth.
马里亚纳海沟——海洋最深点的发现，揭示了地球上的极端环境。
重点词汇/短语： Mariana Trench 马里亚纳海沟；deepest point 最深点；discovery 发现；reveal 揭示；extreme environment 极端环境
8. Submersibles and ROVs allow scientists to descend to great depths and explore the seafloor firsthand.
潜水器和遥控水下航行器使科学家能够下潜到极深之处并亲自探索海底。
重点词汇/短语： submersible 潜水器；ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle) 遥控水下航行器；descend to great depths 下潜到极深之处；explore the seafloor 探索海底；firsthand 亲自地
9. Sonar technology uses sound waves to map the seabed and locate objects underwater.
声纳技术利用声波绘制海底地图并定位水下物体。
重点词汇/短语： sonar technology 声纳技术；use sound waves 利用声波；map the seabed 绘制海底地图；locate objects 定位物体；underwater 水下的
10. Coral reefs are biodiverse marine ecosystems often called the "rainforests of the sea," but they are threatened by warming waters.
珊瑚礁是生物多样性丰富的海洋生态系统，常被称为“海洋中的热带雨林”，但它们受到海水变暖的威胁。
重点词汇/短语： coral reef 珊瑚礁；biodiverse marine ecosystem 生物多样性丰富的海洋生态系统；rainforests of the sea 海洋中的热带雨林；threatened by 受到...威胁；warming waters 变暖的海水
11. The continental shelf is the relatively shallow, submerged edge of a continent, rich in marine life and resources.
大陆架是大陆相对较浅的淹没边缘，富含海洋生物和资源。
重点词汇/短语： continental shelf 大陆架；relatively shallow 相对较浅的；submerged edge 淹没的边缘；rich in marine life 富含海洋生物；continent 大陆
12. Nautical charts are essential tools for safe navigation, showing water depths, hazards, and coastal features.
航海图是安全导航的必要工具，显示水深、危险物和海岸特征。
重点词汇/短语： nautical chart 航海图；essential tool 必要工具；safe navigation 安全导航；water depth 水深；coastal feature 海岸特征
13. Underwater archaeology investigates shipwrecks and submerged ruins to uncover human history beneath the waves.
水下考古学调查沉船和被淹没的遗迹，以揭示海浪之下的人类历史。
重点词汇/短语： underwater archaeology 水下考古学；investigate shipwrecks 调查沉船；submerged ruins 被淹没的遗迹；uncover human history 揭示人类历史；beneath the waves 海浪之下
14. Deep-sea mining for valuable minerals on the ocean floor is a controversial and potentially damaging activity.
在海底开采有价值的矿物的深海采矿是一项有争议且具有潜在破坏性的活动。
重点词汇/短语： deep-sea mining 深海采矿；valuable minerals 有价值的矿物；ocean floor 海底；controversial activity 有争议的活动；potentially damaging 具有潜在破坏性的
15. The International Maritime Organization sets global standards for shipping safety, security, and environmental performance.
国际海事组织为航运安全、安保和环境绩效制定全球标准。
重点词汇/短语： International Maritime Organization 国际海事组织；set global standards 制定全球标准；shipping safety 航运安全；security 安保；environmental performance 环境绩效
16. Ocean acidification, caused by absorbing excess carbon dioxide, threatens shell-forming marine organisms.
由吸收过量二氧化碳引起的海洋酸化威胁着形成外壳的海洋生物。
重点词汇/短语： ocean acidification 海洋酸化；caused by 由...引起；absorb excess carbon dioxide 吸收过量二氧化碳；threaten 威胁；shell-forming marine organism 形成外壳的海洋生物
17. A lighthouse is a coastal tower with a bright light that guides ships and warns of dangerous areas.
灯塔是带有明亮灯光的海岸塔楼，用于引导船只并警示危险区域。
重点词汇/短语： lighthouse 灯塔；coastal tower 海岸塔楼；guide ships 引导船只；warn of 警示；dangerous area 危险区域
18. Marine conservation aims to protect ocean ecosystems and species from overfishing, pollution, and habitat destruction.
海洋保护旨在保护海洋生态系统和物种免受过度捕捞、污染和栖息地破坏。
重点词汇/短语： marine conservation 海洋保护；protect ocean ecosystems 保护海洋生态系统；overfishing 过度捕捞；pollution 污染；habitat destruction 栖息地破坏
19. The Age of Discovery was a period when European ships traveled worldwide in search of new trading routes and knowledge.
大航海时代是一个欧洲船只环球航行以寻找新贸易路线和知识的时期。
重点词汇/短语： Age of Discovery 大航海时代；period 时期；European ships 欧洲船只；travel worldwide 环球航行；search for new trading routes 寻找新贸易路线
20. Plankton are tiny organisms drifting in the ocean, forming the base of the marine food web.
浮游生物是漂浮在海洋中的微小生物，构成了海洋食物网的基础。
重点词汇/短语： plankton 浮游生物；tiny organism 微小生物；drift in the ocean 在海洋中漂浮；form the base of 构成...的基础；marine food web 海洋食物网
21. Modern container ships are the backbone of global trade, carrying goods across oceans efficiently.
现代集装箱船是全球贸易的支柱，高效地跨洋运输货物。
重点词汇/短语： container ship 集装箱船；backbone of global trade 全球贸易的支柱；carry goods 运输货物；across oceans 跨洋；efficiently 高效地
22. Tidal energy is a form of renewable power generated by harnessing the movement of ocean tides.
潮汐能是一种通过利用海洋潮汐运动产生的可再生能源形式。
重点词汇/短语： tidal energy 潮汐能；renewable power 可再生能源；generate 产生；harness the movement 利用运动；ocean tide 海洋潮汐
23. Salinity, the salt content in seawater, varies in different parts of the ocean and affects marine life.
盐度，即海水中的含盐量，在海洋的不同区域有所变化并影响海洋生物。
重点词汇/短语： salinity 盐度；salt content 含盐量；seawater 海水；vary 变化；affect marine life 影响海洋生物
24. The legend of Atlantis describes a lost island civilization swallowed by the sea, inspiring many stories of exploration.
亚特兰蒂斯的传说描述了一个被海洋吞没的失落岛屿文明，激发了许多探索故事。
重点词汇/短语： legend of Atlantis 亚特兰蒂斯的传说；lost island civilization 失落岛屿文明；swallowed by the sea 被海洋吞没；inspire stories 激发故事；exploration 探索
25. Fishing grounds are areas of the ocean where fish are abundant and commercial fishing is concentrated.
渔场是海洋中鱼类丰富且商业捕捞集中的区域。
重点词汇/短语： fishing ground 渔场；area of the ocean 海洋区域；abundant fish 丰富的鱼类；commercial fishing 商业捕捞；concentrated 集中的
26. Maritime trade routes, like the ancient Silk Road at sea, connected cultures and facilitated the exchange of goods.
海上贸易路线，如古代海上丝绸之路，连接了不同文化并促进了商品交换。
重点词汇/短语： maritime trade route 海上贸易路线；ancient Silk Road at sea 古代海上丝绸之路；connect cultures 连接文化；facilitate the exchange 促进交换；goods 商品
27. Oceanographers use satellites, buoys, and research vessels to study the physics, chemistry, and biology of the ocean.
海洋学家利用卫星、浮标和研究船来研究海洋的物理、化学和生物学特性。
重点词汇/短语： oceanographer 海洋学家；use satellites 利用卫星；research vessel 研究船；study the physics 研究物理特性；chemistry and biology 化学和生物学
28. The Suez Canal and the Panama Canal are artificial waterways that dramatically shortened maritime journeys.
苏伊士运河和巴拿马运河是人工水道，极大地缩短了海上航程。
重点词汇/短语： Suez Canal 苏伊士运河；Panama Canal 巴拿马运河；artificial waterway 人工水道；dramatically shorten 极大地缩短；maritime journey 海上航程
29. Marine pollution from plastic waste, oil spills, and agricultural runoff severely damages ocean health.
来自塑料废物、石油泄漏和农业径流的海洋污染严重损害海洋健康。
重点词汇/短语： marine pollution 海洋污染；plastic waste 塑料废物；oil spill 石油泄漏；agricultural runoff 农业径流；damage ocean health 损害海洋健康
30. Krakatoa's eruption in 1883 caused massive tsunamis and demonstrated the powerful connection between volcanoes and the sea.
1883年喀拉喀托火山的喷发引发了巨大的海啸，展示了火山与海洋之间的强大联系。
重点词汇/短语： Krakatoa's eruption 喀拉喀托火山喷发；cause massive tsunamis 引发巨大海啸；demonstrate the connection 展示联系；volcano 火山；powerful 强大的
31. Whale migration over thousands of kilometers is one of nature's most impressive long-distance journeys.
跨越数千公里的鲸鱼迁徙是自然界最令人印象深刻的远距离旅程之一。
重点词汇/短语： whale migration 鲸鱼迁徙；thousands of kilometers 数千公里；nature's journey 自然界的旅程；impressive 令人印象深刻的；long-distance 远距离的
32. Pirates were sailors who attacked and robbed ships at sea, a serious threat to historical maritime commerce.
海盗是在海上袭击和抢劫船只的水手，曾是历史上海上贸易的严重威胁。
重点词汇/短语： pirate 海盗；attack and rob ships 袭击和抢劫船只；at sea 在海上；serious threat 严重威胁；historical maritime commerce 历史上的海上贸易
33. Sea level rise, a consequence of climate change, threatens coastal cities and island nations worldwide.
海平面上升是气候变化的结果，威胁着全世界的沿海城市和岛屿国家。
重点词汇/短语： sea level rise 海平面上升；consequence of climate change 气候变化的后果；threaten coastal cities 威胁沿海城市；island nation 岛屿国家；worldwide 全世界
34. Mangrove forests along coastlines protect shores from erosion and provide vital nurseries for young fish.
海岸线上的红树林保护海岸免受侵蚀，并为幼鱼提供了重要的育婴场。
重点词汇/短语： mangrove forest 红树林；along coastline 沿着海岸线；protect shores 保护海岸；erosion 侵蚀；vital nursery for young fish 幼鱼重要的育婴场
35. Nautical miles are a unit of distance used in maritime and air navigation, based on the Earth's circumference.
海里是用于海上和空中导航的距离单位，基于地球的周长。
重点词汇/短语： nautical mile 海里；unit of distance 距离单位；maritime navigation 海上导航；air navigation 空中导航；based on 基于
36. Maritime law governs legal issues related to nautical affairs, commerce, and disputes on the high seas.
海商法管理与航海事务、商业和公海争端相关的法律问题。
重点词汇/短语： maritime law 海商法；govern legal issues 管理法律问题；nautical affairs 航海事务；commerce 商业；disputes on the high seas 公海争端
37. Desalination plants convert seawater into freshwater, providing a crucial water source for arid coastal regions.
海水淡化厂将海水转化为淡水，为干旱的沿海地区提供重要的水源。
重点词汇/短语： desalination plant 海水淡化厂；convert seawater 转化海水；freshwater 淡水；crucial water source 重要的水源；arid coastal region 干旱的沿海地区
38. The Bermuda Triangle is a region in the western Atlantic Ocean famous for numerous unexplained disappearances of ships and aircraft.
百慕大三角是西大西洋的一个区域，以众多船只和飞机原因不明的失踪事件而闻名。
重点词汇/短语： Bermuda Triangle 百慕大三角；region 区域；western Atlantic Ocean 西大西洋；unexplained disappearance 原因不明的失踪；ships and aircraft 船只和飞机
39. Ocean literacy is an understanding of the ocean's influence on humans and our influence on the ocean.
海洋素养是对海洋对人类的影响以及人类对海洋的影响的理解。
重点词汇/短语： ocean literacy 海洋素养；understanding 理解；ocean's influence 海洋的影响；human influence 人类的影响；on humans 对人类
40. Future sea exploration may focus on uncovering deep-sea biodiversity, harnessing ocean energy, and understanding climate connections.
未来的海洋探索可能侧重于揭示深海生物多样性、利用海洋能源以及理解气候联系。
重点词汇/短语： future sea exploration 未来的海洋探索；focus on 侧重于；uncover deep-sea biodiversity 揭示深海生物多样性；harness ocean energy 利用海洋能源；understand climate connections 理解气候联系
人教版高中英语选修4 Unit3 Sea Exploration
核心词汇配套练习题
I. 词义辨析单项选择 (共10小题)
1. Scientists use small ______ like submersibles to descend to the deep ocean floor for direct observation.
A. navigators
B. vessels
C. lighthouses
D. pirates
2. ______ is the study of ocean life and ecosystems, crucial for understanding marine biodiversity.
A. Oceanography
B. Marine biology
C. Nautical archaeology
D. Maritime law
3. The ______, such as the Gulf Stream, plays a key role in regulating the Earth's climate by distributing heat.
A. continental shelf
B. ocean current
C. sea level
D. tidal energy
4. ______ are highly diverse underwater ecosystems formed by colonies of tiny animals, but they are sensitive to temperature changes.
A. Plankton
B. Mangrove forests
C. Coral reefs
D. Fishing grounds
5. The process of ______, where the ocean absorbs CO2 and becomes more acidic, threatens many shell-building creatures.
A. desalination
B. ocean acidification
C. salinity change
D. marine pollution
6. ______ are essential maps for sailors, showing safe passages, water depths, and potential hazards.
A. Sonar images
B. Nautical charts
C. Satellite photos
D. Historical records
7. The legendary ______ refers to a supposed advanced civilization that sank into the sea, inspiring many stories.
A. Bermuda Triangle
B. Mariana Trench
C. Atlantis
D. Suez Canal
8. ______ involves the search for and study of ancient shipwrecks and artifacts on the seabed.
A. Deep-sea mining
B. Marine conservation
C. Underwater archaeology
D. Sea exploration
9. The ______ was a historical period when European explorers made long voyages to discover new lands and sea routes.
A. Industrial Revolution
B. Age of Discovery
C. Information Age
D. Stone Age
10. Modern ______, which converts seawater to freshwater, is vital for providing water in some dry coastal areas.
A. tidal energy harnessing
B. marine biotechnology
C. desalination
D. salinity measurement
II. 阅读理解 (共5小题)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
The Deep Frontier: Challenges and Promises
The deep ocean, Earth's final frontier, is less mapped than the surface of Mars. Sea exploration today relies on technology like ROVs and submersibles to withstand immense pressure. These tools have revealed wonders like hydrothermal vents and unknown species in places like the Mariana Trench.
However, exploration is now linked to exploitation. Deep-sea mining targets mineral nodules on the ocean floor, but scientists warn it could destroy fragile ecosystems we barely understand. Similarly, marine pollution, especially from plastics, reaches even the remotest depths.
Marine conservation efforts are racing against these threats. Establishing marine protected areas is one strategy. Another is promoting ocean literacy—helping the public understand that a healthy ocean is vital for climate regulation, oxygen production, and food security.
The future of sea exploration must balance the drive for knowledge and resources with the urgent need for protection. As we look to harness tidal energy or discover new medicines from marine life, the principle should be to explore not to conquer, ensuring the ocean's health for generations to come.
1. What is the main idea of the first paragraph
A. The deep ocean is completely unknown.
B. Technology allows us to explore the deep ocean and discover new things.
C. Mars is easier to explore than the ocean.
D. Hydrothermal vents are the only feature in the deep sea.
2. According to the passage, what is a major environmental concern related to the deep sea
A. There is too much ocean literacy.
B. The use of ROVs for research.
C. Deep-sea mining destroying unknown ecosystems.
D. Mapping the ocean floor is too slow.
3. What does "ocean literacy" involve, based on the text
A. Teaching people how to sail.
B. Public understanding of the ocean's importance to human life.
C. Training scientists to use submersibles.
D. Learning about historical pirates.
4. What is the author's suggested principle for future sea exploration
A. Exploration should focus on conquering oceanic challenges.
B. Knowledge and resource use should be balanced with protection.
C. Mining should be the top priority to support technology.
D. Exploration should stop to allow the ocean to recover.
5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a value or resource from the ocean
A. Climate regulation.
B. Potential sources of new medicines.
C. A place for waste disposal.
D. Tidal energy.
III. 完形填空 (共15小题)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My grandfather was a sailor. His stories painted a picture of the sea not from textbooks, but from the deck of a ship. He spoke of using the stars for 1 ______ long before GPS, and of the majesty of 2 ______ like the humpback whale during their long 3 ______.
Years later, as a 4 ______ biologist, I see the ocean through a different lens. My 5 ______ involves studying delicate 6 ______ reefs, monitoring their health as 7 ______ acidification bleaches their vibrant colors. We use 8 ______ to map the seabed and 9 ______ to collect samples from the deep.
The romance of grandfather's tales remains, but now mixed with urgency. I witness the impact of 10 ______ pollution—plastic fragments found even in remote waters. I understand the debates around 11 ______ mining for resources we desperately want but may desperately damage ecosystems to get.
My work is part of 12 ______ conservation. It's about protecting the 13 ______ food web, from the tiny 14 ______ to the great whales my grandfather admired. The sea he loved for its freedom, I now strive to protect for its fragility and its vital role in our planet's future. Every 15 ______ we take into its depths should be guided by respect, not just curiosity.
1. A. exploration B. navigation C. pollution D. migration
2. A. pirates B. creatures C. currents D. navigators
3. A. voyages B. migrations C. routes D. chartings
4. A. marine B. space C. plant D. animal
5. A. hobby B. research C. legend D. tool
6. A. coral B. mangrove C. island D. continental
7. A. ocean B. sea level C. salinity D. tidal
8. A. lighthouses B. sonar C. buoys D. pirates
9. A. submersibles B. charts C. canals D. planes
10. A. marine B. air C. soil D. noise
11. A. deep-sea B. coastal C. freshwater D. underground
12. A. maritime B. marine C. historical D. future
13. A. marine B. human C. local D. simple
14. A. plankton B. ships C. minerals D. volcanoes
15. A. step B. look C. dive D. thought
IV. 语法填空 (共10小题)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Protecting Our Blue Planet
The ocean covers most of our planet, yet it faces serious threats. 1 ______ (overfish) depletes fish stocks. Plastic waste causes severe 2 ______ (marine) pollution. 3 ______ (climate) change leads to 4 ______ (warm) waters and 5 ______ (acid) oceans.
6 ______ (solve) these problems requires global effort. 7 ______ (establish) marine protected areas helps conserve 8 ______ (biodiverse). Reducing plastic use and carbon emissions are actions everyone can take. Supporting 9 ______ (science) research and 10 ______ (promote) ocean literacy are also key to a sustainable future.
V. 应用文写作
假设你是学校“海洋保护俱乐部”(Ocean Protection Club)的负责人李华。你们俱乐部计划在“世界海洋日”(World Oceans Day)举办一场宣传活动。请你用英语写一篇演讲稿，在周会时向全校同学宣读。
内容需包括：
1. 海洋的重要性（如调节气候、提供食物、生物多样性等）。
2. 海洋面临的主要威胁（至少提及两点，如污染、过度捕捞、气候变化等）。
3. 呼吁同学们采取的具体行动（至少提出两点，如减少塑料使用、学习海洋知识、参与清洁活动等）。
要求：
1. 词数100-120；
2. 使用本单元所学词汇至少5个；
3. 语言具有号召力。
参考答案及解析
I. 词义辨析
1. B vessels (船只/舰艇)。Submersibles属于潜水器，是一种vessel。
2. B Marine biology (海洋生物学)。研究海洋生命和生态系统。
3. B ocean current (洋流)。墨西哥湾流是洋流，调节气候。
4. C Coral reefs (珊瑚礁)。由珊瑚虫形成的多样化水下生态系统。
5. B ocean acidification (海洋酸化)。海水吸收CO2变酸的过程。
6. B Nautical charts (航海图)。水手使用的专用地图。
7. C Atlantis (亚特兰蒂斯)。传说中沉没的文明。
8. C Underwater archaeology (水下考古学)。研究海底沉船和文物。
9. B Age of Discovery (大航海时代)。欧洲进行大规模远洋探险的历史时期。
10. C desalination (海水淡化)。将海水转化为淡水的过程。
II. 阅读理解
1. B 段落主旨题。第一段主要讲现代科技（ROV、潜水器）如何帮助我们探索深海并发现新事物（热液喷口、新物种）。
2. C 细节题。第二段明确指出“Deep-sea mining... could destroy fragile ecosystems”。
3. B 细节理解题。第三段将“ocean literacy”解释为帮助公众理解健康海洋对气候调节、氧气生产、食物安全至关重要。
4. B 观点态度题。最后一段作者提出未来探索必须在获取知识/资源与保护需求之间“balance”，并“explore not to conquer”。
5. C 细节判断题。文中提到了气候调节(A)、新药物(B)、潮汐能(D)，但未将“废物处置”列为海洋的价值。
III. 完形填空
1. B navigation (导航)。利用星星是为了“导航”。
2. B creatures (生物)。座头鲸是海洋“生物”。
3. B migrations (迁徙)。鲸鱼的长途“迁徙”。
4. A marine (海洋的)。Marine biologist（海洋生物学家）。
5. B research (研究)。作为科学家，他的工作是“研究”。
6. A coral (珊瑚)。Coral reefs（珊瑚礁）。
7. A ocean (海洋的)。Ocean acidification（海洋酸化）。
8. B sonar (声纳)。用于绘制海底地图。
9. A submersibles (潜水器)。用于深海取样。
10. A marine (海洋的)。Marine pollution（海洋污染）。
11. A deep-sea (深海的)。Deep-sea mining（深海采矿）。
12. B marine (海洋的)。Marine conservation（海洋保护）。
13. A marine (海洋的)。Marine food web（海洋食物网）。
14. A plankton (浮游生物)。构成食物网的基础。
15. A step (步伐/步骤)。比喻每一次向海洋深处的迈进。
IV. 语法填空
1. Overfishing (动名词作主语)
2. marine (形容词修饰名词pollution)
3. Climate (名词作定语)
4. warming (现在分词作定语，修饰waters)
5. acidic (形容词，become后接形容词)
6. Solving (动名词作主语)
7. Establishing (动名词作主语)
8. biodiversity (名词，conserve后接名词)
9. scientific (形容词修饰名词research)
10. promoting (动名词，与supporting并列)
V. 应用文写作 (参考范文)
Dear teachers and fellow students,
Today, on World Oceans Day, let’s remember our blue planet. The ocean regulates our climate, provides food, and hosts incredible biodiversity.
Yet, it is in crisis. Marine pollution from plastic chokes sea life. Overfishing depletes fish stocks. Climate change causes ocean acidification, harming coral reefs.
We must act! First, refuse single-use plastics. Second, learn about marine conservation and spread awareness. Join our beach clean-up this weekend!
The ocean's health is our future. Let's protect it together.
Ocean Protection Club
Li Hua