（期末培优卷）期末综合评价培优卷-2025 - 2026学年八年级上册英语鲁教版（五四学制）（含答案解析）
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| 名称 | （期末培优卷）期末综合评价培优卷-2025 - 2026学年八年级上册英语鲁教版（五四学制）（含答案解析） |
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| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 279.5KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 鲁教版（五四学制） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-01-21 00:00:00 | ||
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/ 让学习更有效 期末培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 期末培优卷 | 英语学科
2025-2026学年八年级上册英语鲁教版（五四学制）
期末综合评价培优卷
注意事项：
1．本试卷共8页，满分90分；考试时间100分钟。考试结束后，请将本试卷交回。
2．答题前，务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、座位号填写在试卷规定的位置上。
3．选择题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把试卷上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
4．非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案必须写在试卷指定区域内相应的位置；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。
5．写在试卷上或答题卡指定区域外的答案无效。
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从短文后每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
According to a new study, kids can improve their brainpower (智力) by cooking, gardening and cleaning the house.
It’s a study of 207 children. Scientists found that housework like making meals and caring for plants had something to do with planning, self-controlling and remembering things.
Collected from children aged 5 to 13 in mid-2020, the results showed 86 percent of the kids put their dirty clothes in the right place and cleaned up after playing. But only 59 percent made their own beds, just 26 percent sorted clothes after washing and 10 percent helped with cooking.
Older children are more likely to do housework than younger ones. Girls do more housework than boys. For example, only 49 percent of the boys but 70 percent of the girls made their own beds.
Around 60 percent of the kids, including 50 percent of the boys and 61 percent of the girls, helped do the dishes. Only 34 percent of the kids aged five to seven did this, but 64 percent of those aged 11 to 13 helped.
“Children who often cook a family meal may be more likely to be good at other ways of life—like schoolwork or problem-solving,” the lead researcher of the study, Ms Tepper, said.
1．According to the study, what kind of housework are the children most likely to do
A．Help cook. B．Make their own beds. C．Clean up after playing. D．Do the dishes.
2．图表理解题 What can we know from paragraph 4 (Make beds)
A． B． C． D．
3．What is Ms Tepper’s opinion on children doing housework
A．Helpful. B．Unimportant. C．Difficult. D．Tiring.
B
The Shoe That Ties Itself
Have you ever seen shoes that can tie their own laces This idea, which once only existed in science fiction movies, is now real. A company called Nike has created the HyperAdapt, a shoe with a smart lacing system. This invention is a big step forward, not just for athletes, but for everyone. It shows us how technology can become a normal part of the things we wear every day.
So, how does this amazing shoe work It all starts when you put your foot inside. The shoe has a special sensor system that can feel the shape and pressure of your foot. When you step down, the sensors send a signal. Then, a small motor hidden in the bottom of the shoe pulls the laces tight to a comfortable level. But the shoe doesn’t stop there. The real magic is that it can keep making small changes. As you walk or run, your feet can change a little. The HyperAdapt feels these changes and can loosen or tighten the laces automatically to keep the fit perfect. This is very helpful for runners, as their feet can swell during long exercises.
This technology is not only practical but also highly beneficial for many people. For example, it can be a great help for people with disabilities who find it difficult to bend down and tie their shoes. It also allows athletes to focus completely on their game without worrying about their laces coming loose. Looking into the future, this is just the beginning. The technology inside the HyperAdapt could lead to shoes that can track your health, count your steps, or even change their fit for different sports. It opens a door to a world where our clothes and shoes are not just things we wear, but smart partners that help us in our daily lives. The self-lacing shoe is more than just a cool product; it is a glimpse into an exciting and helpful future.
4．What is the main job of the sensor system in the HyperAdapt shoe
A．To change the color of the shoe.
B．To feel the pressure and shape of the foot.
C．To play music for the runner.
D．To connect to the internet.
5．According to the text, how can the HyperAdapt shoe help a runner during a long race
A．By telling them when to drink water.
B．By automatically adjusting the laces as their feet swell.
C．By making them run faster than others.
D．By cleaning their feet while they run.
6．The underlined word “practical” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to ________.
A．user-friendly and useful
B．strange and unusual
C．expensive and rare
D．old and traditional
7．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this article
A．To tell a funny story about a shoe designer.
B．To explain how a new invention works and its possible benefits.
C．To argue that these shoes are the best in the world.
D．To compare different brands of sports shoes.
C
Cockatoos are common birds in Australia. They are known for solving problems and learning from each other. They can open dustbin lids (垃圾箱盖) to find food inside. Scientists also found cockatoos knew how to drink from drinking fountains (喷泉式饮水器) .
Dr Barbara Klump once noticed a cockatoo drinking from a fountain. She thought someone left the water running by mistake. But after watching a video, she realized the bird actually turned on the fountain by itself. Dr Klump and her team decided to study the cockatoos. They marked 24 cockatoos and set up two cameras near a drinking fountain the birds used often. The cameras recorded 14 hours of video over 44 days, showing 525 times when the birds used the fountain.
The scientists found about 70% of the cockatoos in the area tried to use the fountain. Every bird did it a little differently, but they all used at least one foot to turn on the fountain’s handle (把手) . The cockatoos didn’t always succeed and they only got water in about 41% of their tries. They had an especially hard time when they were in a hurry or when other cockatoos were trying to use the fountain at the same time.
The scientists aren’t exactly sure why cockatoos used drinking fountains. Maybe the clean water tastes better than water from a river. Another possible (可能的) reason is drinking from fountains makes cockatoos feel safer, as it helps them better watch for eagles. Dr Klump guessed cockatoos just like the fun of making the fountains work!
Cockatoos seem to get used to city life easily. The scientists say they can’t wait to find out what skills the birds will learn next!
8．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about
A．Cockatoos’ kinds. B．Cockatoos’ abilities.
C．Cockatoos’ living area. D．Cockatoos’ eating habits.
9．Which question does paragraph 2 answer
A．When did Dr Klump get interested in cockatoos
B．Why did the cockatoo turn on the fountain
C．How did Dr Klump’s team study the cockatoos
D．What did Dr Klump know about cockatoos
10．What did the result of the study show
A．The cockatoos often hurried to use the fountain.
B．Half of the cockatoos got water from the fountain.
C．The cockatoos liked to use the fountain at the same time.
D．Each cockatoo had its own way of turning on the fountain.
11．Which are the possible reasons why cockatoos used drinking fountains
①The water has a better taste. ②The activity brings them joy.
③The activity keeps them safe. ④The fountains are easier to use.
A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．①③④
D
As teenagers grow up. they start to make their own decisions (决定). However. during this period. it can be easy for them to form bad habits. These bad habits, if we don’t change them, could cause more serious ones when they become adults, so stopping harmful habits from controlling (控制) a teenager’s life is important. They must learn to know bad habits early and make right changes.
To change bad habits is never easy. In many ways, our lifestyle is the sum of choices we have made. We make a choice to do something, and then we repeat it over and over again. Soon that choice forms a habit that is much harder to change. The good news is that we can change, if we understand how habits work.
According to modern psychology (心理学), we must first learn about the“habit cycle”, which works like this:
Firstly. there is a “cue”, an action, event、or situation that acts as a signal (信号) to do something.
Secondly, there is a “routine”. the regular (有规律的) action you take in response (反应) to the cue.
Thirdly there is the “reward”, the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.
For example, when we feel unhappy (cue), we eat lots of unhealthy snacks (routine). which makes us feel happy (reward). The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle. and the bad habit of depending on unhealthy snacks is formed.
To help us succeed in changing our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to change them. Besides, we may find it hard to change bad habits quickly. In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time.
For young people, there is lots of time to change bad habits. However. there is no”magic pill”:you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes. You have the power to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits!
12．Which of the following means”the three periods of the habit cycle”
A．B．C．D．
13．Why is it important to stop harmful habits from controlling a teenager’s life
A．Because teenagers can’t make their own decisions.
B．Because bad habits are easy to form and may cause more serious ones.
C．Because changing bad habits is very easy.
D．Because teenagers don’t have any bad habits.
14．What can we learn from the passage
A．Repeating a choice is a good way to change bad habits. B．It’s not important to examine the bad habits cycles.
C．Young people can change habits easily. D．It takes a period of time to change bad habits.
15．What is the passage mainly about
A．The importance of forming good habits. B．Suggestions for young people’s lifestyles.
C．How to change bad habits for a healthy life. D．What to do to avoid forming unhealthy habits.
第二节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后所给的选项中，选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A new term means a fresh start. It’s always a great time to make some resolutions. 16
◆ Get organized.
17 . Set up a system early: Use different coloured exercise books for each class. And remember to sort your computer files (文件) by school year, term or subject. With a well-organized space and a clear mind, you can focus on learning and achieve better.
◆ 18
A good routine makes life easier. Try to sleep and wake up on time, especially on weekdays. Plan your daily time for activities and study. Prepare clothes and needed things the night before: This keeps you from the morning rush.
◆ Be with hard-working friends.
As the saying goes, “Show me your friends and I’ll show you your future.” You can understand people by knowing their friends. Make good friends with people who work hard. 19
◆ Develop healthy habits.
Finally, remember to take good care of yourself. Unhealthy food and little sleep hurt your body and mind—you may feel fuzzy and forgetful. So it’s good for you to eat healthy food, do exercise and get enough sleep. 20 But stick with them, you will find that you’re far more productive (高效的) and successful—and probably happier, too.
A．Have enough rest.
B．Get into a good routine.
C．Developing new healthy habits is not easy at first.
D．Here are some simple ways to begin your term well.
E．You can have a good future when you have few friends.
F．Being organized can keep you away from mess and worries.
G．They can be good study partners and set good examples for you as well.
第二部分 语言知识应用（共两节，满分25分）
第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
In autumn, it gets cold. Some birds like wild geese (大雁) fly 21 for the winter, flying in a “V” formation (队形).
Why do they fly in a “V” formation Scientists find out that in this way, they can save 22 . So they can fly more 23 . And the trip will be safer and easier because they are travelling with the 24 of one another.
When a wild goose falls out of formation, it won’t try to go 25 but will quickly get back into formation. When the head wild goose gets tired, it 26 and another wild goose flies to the point. They just take turns to lead. When a wild goose gets sick or is wounded (受伤的), two other wild geese fall down with it. They follow it down to 27 the wild goose and give it help. They stay with the fallen wild goose till it can fly or till it 28
If we learn from wild geese, we can stay in formation with people in the 29 direction as we are. If we humans have the 30 of a wild goose, we can stand by each other like that, and life will be more enjoyable.
21．A．east B．north C．south D．west
22．A．wing B．character C．fact D．energy
23．A．slowly B．quietly C．happily D．easily
24．A．prize B．climate C．help D．tool
25．A．freshly B．alone C．loud D．directly
26．A．slows down B．flies faster C．puts up D．takes a walk
27．A．protect B．attend C．spare D．connect
28．A．weighs B．stores C．solves D．dies
29．A．different B．similar C．difficult D．same
30．A．meaning B．joy C．sense D．pleasure
第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Elephants are amazing animals. They are some of 31 biggest animals on land. An African elephant is 32 (strong) than an Asian elephant. It has very large 33 (ear). They look like two big fans.
Elephants are very smart. They have excellent memories and can remember places with food and water for a long time. They also have long trunks (象鼻). The trunk is used to eat, drink, and even take 34 bath. Elephants are friendly animals. They 35 (live) in small groups many years ago and 36 (careful) looked after their babies.
However, elephants are in danger. They are losing their homes 37 people are cutting down too many trees. Also, some people hunt them for their ivory. We must do something 38 (protect) these kind animals. We should not buy 39 (something) made of ivory (象牙). We can also tell more people about the importance of elephant protection. If we work together, elephants 40 (enjoy) a better life in the future.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，满分30分）
第一节阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
The Friendship of Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi
In ancient (古代的) China, there was a famous musician named Yu Boya. He was highly talented in playing the guqin. His music was so beautiful that it could touch people’s hearts.
One day, while playing the guqin by the riverside, Yu Boya met Zhong Ziqi. Although Zhong Ziqi was only a woodcutter (伐木者), he was able to understand the feelings and meanings expressed through Yu Boya’s music. Zhong Ziqi could tell when Yu Boya was playing for the mountains or waters. This deep understanding helped to build a strong friendship between them. They became close friends who could communicate (交流) through the language of music.
Unluckily, Zhong Ziqi died soon. Yu Boya was really sad. In memory of his dear friend, he broke his guqin, saying never to play it again.
Their story is popular through the ages as a symbol of true friendship. It shows that real friends do not necessarily need to be the same. No matter who you are, and what you do, true friendship can bring people together in a way that nothing else can.
41．Why was Yu Boya so famous
42．Where did Yu Boya meet Zhong Ziqi for the first time
43．What was Zhong Ziqi’s job
44．Did Yu Boya play the guqin after Zhong Ziqi died
45．翻译文章下划线部分.
第二节写作（满分20分）
46．假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Peter来信询问你家乡大庆的情况，并表示想来大庆参观。请你根据以下提示给他回一封邮件，介绍你的家乡大庆。
提示：
1. 基本情况：位于黑龙江省北部，是著名的“油城”，因大庆油田而闻名；
2. 特色景点：大庆铁人纪念馆（了解铁人精神）、大庆湿地公园（欣赏自然风光、观鸟）；
3. 特色文化：铁人精神（勤劳、勇敢、奉献）；
4. 邀请：欢迎他来大庆，你会带他参观游玩。
要求：
1. 词数：60~80词左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；
2. 条理清晰，语句通顺，语法正确；
3. 文中不得出现真实的人名、校名、地名。
Dear Peter,
I’m very happy to receive your email. You asked about my hometown Daqing. Now let me tell you something about it.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I’m looking forward to your coming!
Yours,
Li Hua
/ 让学习更有效 期末培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 期末培优卷 | 英语学科
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
参考答案及试题解析
1．C 2．B 3．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了一项关于孩子做家务与提升脑力的研究，介绍了研究的对象、结果以及相关人员观点等内容。
1．细节理解题。根据“Collected from children aged 5 to 13 in mid-2020, the results showed 86 percent of the kids put their dirty clothes in the right place and cleaned up after playing. But only 59 percent made their own beds, just 26 percent sorted clothes after washing and 10 percent helped with cooking.”可知，在做饭、整理床铺、玩耍后清理、洗碗这几项家务中，孩子们最有可能做的是玩耍后清理，占比86%。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段“Older children are more likely to do housework than younger ones. Girls do more housework than boys. For example, only 49 percent of the boys but 70 percent of the girls made their own beds.”可知，49%的男孩和70%的女孩自己铺床，由此推知，选项B的图示符合文意。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据“Children who often cook a family meal may be more likely to be good at other ways of life—like schoolwork or problem-solving,” the lead researcher of the study, Ms Tepper, said.可知，Tepper女士认为经常做饭的孩子可能更擅长生活的其他方面，比如学业或解决问题，由此推断她认为孩子做家务是有帮助的。故选A。
4．B 5．B 6．A 7．B
【导语】本文介绍了耐克公司推出的自动系带鞋HyperAdapt，从其科技原理、功能优势到未来潜力进行了全面阐述，展现了智能穿戴设备如何改变日常生活。
4．细节理解题。根据“The shoe has a special sensor system that can feel the shape and pressure of your foot.”可知，这款鞋子有一个特殊的传感器系统，可以感知你脚的形状和压力。故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据“As you walk or run, your feet can change a little. The HyperAdapt feels these changes and can loosen or tighten the laces automatically to keep the fit perfect. This is very helpful for runners, as their feet can swell during long exercises.”可知，通过自动调节鞋带以适应脚部的肿胀。故选B。
6．词句猜测题。根据“This technology is not only practical but also highly beneficial for many people. For example, it can be a great help for people with disabilities who find it difficult to bend down and tie their shoes.”可知，该技术对残障人士和运动员有实际帮助（如免弯腰系鞋带、避免鞋带松开），因此“practical”在此语境中指“方便实用”，选项A最贴合。故选A。
7．主旨大意题。根据“. A company called Nike has created the HyperAdapt, a shoe with a smart lacing system. This invention is a big step forward, not just for athletes, but for everyone.”并通读全文可知，本文介绍了耐克公司推出的自动系带鞋HyperAdapt，从其科技原理、功能优势到未来潜力进行了全面阐述，即：解释一项新发明的工作原理及其可能带来的好处。故选B。
8．B 9．C 10．D 11．A
【导语】本文通过“打开垃圾箱盖”和“操作喷泉式饮水器”这两个具体实例讲述了澳大利亚凤头鹦鹉展现出的惊人智慧与适应能力。
8．主旨大意题。根据“They are known for solving problems and learning from each other. They can open dustbin lids (垃圾箱盖) to find food inside. Scientists also found cockatoos knew how to drink from drinking fountains (喷泉式饮水器) .”可知，第一段的核心内容是列举凤头鹦鹉的各种能力，而非其栖息地或饮食习惯。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据“Dr Klump and her team decided to study the cockatoos. They marked 24 cockatoos and set up two cameras near a drinking fountain the birds used often. The cameras recorded 14 hours of video over 44 days, showing 525 times when the birds used the fountain.”可知，本段详细回答了研究团队是如何进行这项研究的，即：对凤头鹦鹉的研究。故选C。
10．细节理解题。 根据“Every bird did it a little differently, but they all used at least one foot to turn on the fountain’s handle (把手) .”可知，研究结果显示，对于使用喷泉式饮水器，每只鹦鹉都有自己独特的方式。故选D。
11．细节理解题。根据“Maybe the clean water tastes better than water from a river. Another possible (可能的) reason is drinking from fountains makes cockatoos feel safer, as it helps them better watch for eagles. Dr Klump guessed cockatoos just like the fun of making the fountains work!可知，文中提到的三个可能原因分别是：①水更好喝、③让它们感到安全、②这个过程带来乐趣。文中并未提及“饮水器更容易使用”，①②③正确。故选A。
12．C 13．B 14．D 15．C
【导语】本文主要讲了青少年习惯养成与改变的过程，介绍了习惯循环的三个阶段，并说明了如何改变不良习惯以拥有健康生活。
12．细节理解题。根据文章中对习惯循环（habit cycle）的描述：“Firstly, there is a ‘cue...Secondly, there is a ‘routine’...Thirdly, there is the ‘reward’...” 可知，习惯循环的三个阶段是 Cue（信号）→ Routine（常规行为）→ Reward（奖励）。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据“However, during this period, it can be easy for them to form bad habits. These bad habits, if we don’t change them, could cause more serious ones when they become adults, so stop harmful habits from controlling a teenager’s life is important.” 可知，不良习惯容易形成，且若不改变会在成年后引发更严重的问题。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time.” 可知，改变不良习惯需要一段时间，并非一蹴而就。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。文章从青少年易养成不良习惯入手，分析习惯循环的机制，进而说明如何改变不良习惯以拥有健康的生活。因此，文章主要内容是 “如何改变不良习惯以获得健康生活”。故选C。
16．D 17．F 18．B 19．G 20．C
【导语】本文介绍了新学期开启良好开端的几条简单方法，包括有条理、养成好习惯、和努力的朋友相处以及培养健康习惯。
16．根据“A new term means a fresh start. It’s always a great time to make some resolutions.”短文开篇提到新学期意味着新开始，是制定计划的好时机，接下来列举了几条具体方法，如“Get organized.”“Be with hard-working friends.”等，所以此空应是引出下文这些方法的句子。选项D“这里有一些简单的方法来让你的学期有个好开始。”符合语境。故选D。
17．根据“Get organized.”及“Set up a system early: Use different coloured exercise books for each class...With a well-organized space and a clear mind...”，可知本段围绕“有条理”展开，介绍了具体的有条理的做法及好处，此空应是对“有条理”的作用的说明。选项F“有条理可以让你远离混乱和烦恼。”符合语境。故选F。
18．根据“A good routine makes life easier. Try to sleep and wake up on time...Plan your daily time...”，可知本段围绕“良好的日常习惯”展开，介绍了养成日常习惯的具体做法，所以此空应是概括该段主题的句子。选项B“养成良好的日常习惯。”符合语境。故选B。
19．根据“Be with hard-working friends.”及“Make good friends with people who work hard.”，可知本段建议和努力的朋友相处，此空应是说明和努力的朋友相处的好处。选项G“他们可以成为好的学习伙伴，也能为你树立好榜样。”符合语境。故选G。
20．根据“Develop healthy habits.”及“But stick with them, you will find that you’re far more productive...”，可知本段围绕培养健康习惯展开，后文用“but”表转折，说明坚持下去的好处，此空应是说明培养健康习惯初期的难度。选项C“一开始养成新的健康习惯并不容易。”符合语境。故选C。
21．C 22．D 23．D 24．C 25．B 26．A 27．A 28．D 29．D 30．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了大雁秋季南飞时排成“V”字形队伍的原因及它们的团队协作行为。
21．句意：一些鸟，比如大雁，会飞往南方过冬，排成“V”字形队伍飞行。
east东方；north北方；south南方；west西方。根据原文“In autumn, it gets cold”，秋天变冷，大雁为过冬会向温暖的“南方”迁徙，故选C。
22．句意：科学家发现，这样它们可以节省能量。
wing翅膀；character性格；fact事实；energy能量。根据原文“So they can fly more... ”，节省能量才能让飞行更轻松，可知此处指“节省能量”，故选D。
23．句意：所以它们可以飞得更轻松。
slowly缓慢地；quietly安静地；happily开心地；easily轻松地。根据原文“save energy”，节省能量的目的是让飞行更“轻松”，故选D。
24．句意：而且这段旅程会更安全、更轻松，因为它们在彼此的帮助下前行。
prize奖品；climate气候；help帮助；tool工具。根据原文“two other wild geese fall down with it... give it help”可知，大雁之间会相互帮助，可知是借助彼此的“帮助”迁徙，故选C。
25．句意：当一只大雁脱离队伍时，它不会试图独自飞行，而是会迅速回到队伍中。
freshly新鲜地；alone独自地；loud大声地；directly直接地。根据原文“quickly get back into formation”，脱离队伍后会尽快归队，不会“独自”飞行，故选B。
26．句意：当头雁累了，它会放慢速度，另一只大雁会飞到领头的位置。
slows down放慢速度；flies faster飞得更快；puts up举起；takes a walk散步。根据原文“another wild goose flies to the point. They just take turns to lead”，头雁累了会让其他大雁领航，所以会“放慢速度”，故选A。
27．句意：它们跟着它飞下去保护这只大雁并给予帮助。
protect保护；attend参加；spare抽出；connect连接。根据原文“give it help”，帮助受伤或生病的大雁，包括“保护”它，故选A。
28．句意：它们会一直陪着这只掉队的大雁，直到它能飞起来或者死去。
weighs称重；stores储存；solves解决；dies死亡。根据原文“stay with the fallen wild goose till it can fly”，陪伴的两种结果是大雁恢复飞行或“死亡”，故选D。
29．句意：如果我们向大雁学习，我们就能和志同道合的人保持一致。
different不同的；similar相似的；difficult困难的；same相同的。根据原文“stay in formation”，像大雁一样排成队伍，需要和他人朝着“相同的”方向，故选D。
30．句意：如果我们人类有大雁的意识，我们就能那样相互支持，生活将会更愉快。
meaning意义；joy快乐；sense意识；pleasure乐趣。根据原文“stand by each other like that”，相互支持是一种团队“意识”，故选C。
31．the 32．stronger 33．ears 34．a 35．lived 36．carefully 37．because 38．to protect 39．anything 40．will enjoy
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了大象的体型特征、智慧习性及其友好的群居生活，同时指出它们因栖息地破坏和非法捕猎而面临生存威胁，最后呼吁人们采取行动保护大象，共创美好未来。
31．句意：它们是陆地上最大的动物之一。空后是biggest，最高级前应用定冠词the。故填the。
32．句意：非洲象比亚洲象强壮。根据“than”可知，此处应用形容词strong的比较级stronger。故填stronger。
33．句意：它有非常大的耳朵。ear“耳朵”，可数名词；此处应用复数名词ears，表示泛指。故填ears。
34．句意：象鼻用来吃东西，喝水，甚至洗澡。take a bath“洗澡”，动词短语。故填a。
35．句意：多年前，他们以小团体的形式生活，并仔细照顾他们的孩子。根据“many years ago”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填lived。
36．句意：多年前，他们以小团体的形式生活，并仔细照顾他们的孩子。此处应用副词carefully“仔细地”修饰looked after，表示“仔细照顾他们的孩子”。故填carefully。
37．句意：他们正在失去家园，因为人们砍伐了太多的树木。分析句子结构可知，前后句之间是因果关系，前果后因，此处应用because“因为”引导原因状语从句。故填because。
38．句意：我们必须采取措施保护这些善良的动物。根据“We must do something…these kind animals.”以及提示词可知，此处指“采取措施去保护这些动物”，应用动词不定式作目的状语，应用to protect。故填to protect。
39．句意：我们不应该买象牙做的东西。根据“We should not buy…made of ivory.”以及提示词可知，此处指“不应该买象牙做的东西”，句子为否定句，空处应用anything“任何东西”。故填anything。
40．句意：如果我们一起努力，大象将在未来享受更好的生活。根据“If we work together, elephants…a better life in the future.”可知，if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”，主句用一般将来时，其结构为“will do”。故填will enjoy。
41．Because he was highly talented in playing the guqin. 42．By the riverside. 43．A woodcutter./He was only a woodcutter. 44．No, he didn’t. 45．这表明真正的朋友不一定要一样。
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了俞伯牙和钟子期之间深厚的友谊。
41．根据“In ancient (古代的) China, there was a famous musician named Yu Boya. He was highly talented in playing the guqin. His music was so beautiful that it could touch people’s hearts.”可知，俞伯牙之所以如此出名，是因为他弹奏古琴技艺高超，他的音乐非常优美，能够触动人们的心灵。故填Because he was highly talented in playing the guqin.
42．根据“One day, while playing the guqin by the riverside, Yu Boya met Zhong Ziqi.”可知，俞伯牙是在河边第一次遇到钟子期的。故填By the riverside.
43．根据“Although Zhong Ziqi was only a woodcutter (伐木者)”可知，钟子期是一名伐木者。故填A woodcutter./He was only a woodcutter.
44．根据“Unluckily, Zhong Ziqi died soon. Yu Boya was really sad. In memory of his dear friend, he broke his guqin, saying never to play it again.”可知，钟子期去世后，俞伯牙摔坏了他的古琴，并表示再也不弹奏了，因此他没有再弹奏古琴。故填No, he didn’t.
45．It shows“这表明”；real friends“真正的朋友”；not necessarily“不一定”；need to be“需要是”；the same“一样的”。故填：这表明真正的朋友不一定要一样。
46．
Dear Peter,
I’m very happy to receive your email. You asked about my hometown Daqing. Now let me tell you something about it.
Daqing is located in the north of Heilongjiang Province. It is famous as the “Oil City” because of Daqing Oilfield. There are many great places to visit here. You can go to Daqing Iron Man Memorial Hall to learn about the Iron Man Spirit—hard work, courage and devotion. You can also visit Daqing Wetland Park to enjoy the beautiful natural scenery and watch different kinds of birds.
People here are kind and hard-working. I sincerely welcome you to Daqing. I will show you around and visit these places with you.
I’m looking forward to your coming!
Yours,
Li Hua
【详解】【总体分析】
①题材：本文是一封电子邮件；
②时态：一般现在时；
③提示：围绕家乡大庆的基本情况（位置和油城）、特色景点（铁人纪念馆和湿地公园）、特色文化（铁人精神）以及邀请展开。
【写作步骤】
第一步：用2—3句话介绍家乡的基本情况（位置和油城特点）；
第二步：描述特色景点（纪念馆和湿地公园），并说明相关活动；
第三步：介绍特色文化（铁人精神）并发出邀请，表达欢迎之意。
【亮点词汇】
①be famous as作为……而闻名
②devotion奉献
③sincerely真诚地
【高分句型】
①Daqing is located in the north of Heilongjiang Province.（be located in结构表示位置）
②There are many great places to visit here.（“there be+名词+to do”句型）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
/ 让学习更有效 期末培优卷 | 英语学科
2025-2026学年八年级上册英语鲁教版（五四学制）
期末综合评价培优卷
注意事项：
1．本试卷共8页，满分90分；考试时间100分钟。考试结束后，请将本试卷交回。
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5．写在试卷上或答题卡指定区域外的答案无效。
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从短文后每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
According to a new study, kids can improve their brainpower (智力) by cooking, gardening and cleaning the house.
It’s a study of 207 children. Scientists found that housework like making meals and caring for plants had something to do with planning, self-controlling and remembering things.
Collected from children aged 5 to 13 in mid-2020, the results showed 86 percent of the kids put their dirty clothes in the right place and cleaned up after playing. But only 59 percent made their own beds, just 26 percent sorted clothes after washing and 10 percent helped with cooking.
Older children are more likely to do housework than younger ones. Girls do more housework than boys. For example, only 49 percent of the boys but 70 percent of the girls made their own beds.
Around 60 percent of the kids, including 50 percent of the boys and 61 percent of the girls, helped do the dishes. Only 34 percent of the kids aged five to seven did this, but 64 percent of those aged 11 to 13 helped.
“Children who often cook a family meal may be more likely to be good at other ways of life—like schoolwork or problem-solving,” the lead researcher of the study, Ms Tepper, said.
1．According to the study, what kind of housework are the children most likely to do
A．Help cook. B．Make their own beds. C．Clean up after playing. D．Do the dishes.
2．图表理解题 What can we know from paragraph 4 (Make beds)
A． B． C． D．
3．What is Ms Tepper’s opinion on children doing housework
A．Helpful. B．Unimportant. C．Difficult. D．Tiring.
B
The Shoe That Ties Itself
Have you ever seen shoes that can tie their own laces This idea, which once only existed in science fiction movies, is now real. A company called Nike has created the HyperAdapt, a shoe with a smart lacing system. This invention is a big step forward, not just for athletes, but for everyone. It shows us how technology can become a normal part of the things we wear every day.
So, how does this amazing shoe work It all starts when you put your foot inside. The shoe has a special sensor system that can feel the shape and pressure of your foot. When you step down, the sensors send a signal. Then, a small motor hidden in the bottom of the shoe pulls the laces tight to a comfortable level. But the shoe doesn’t stop there. The real magic is that it can keep making small changes. As you walk or run, your feet can change a little. The HyperAdapt feels these changes and can loosen or tighten the laces automatically to keep the fit perfect. This is very helpful for runners, as their feet can swell during long exercises.
This technology is not only practical but also highly beneficial for many people. For example, it can be a great help for people with disabilities who find it difficult to bend down and tie their shoes. It also allows athletes to focus completely on their game without worrying about their laces coming loose. Looking into the future, this is just the beginning. The technology inside the HyperAdapt could lead to shoes that can track your health, count your steps, or even change their fit for different sports. It opens a door to a world where our clothes and shoes are not just things we wear, but smart partners that help us in our daily lives. The self-lacing shoe is more than just a cool product; it is a glimpse into an exciting and helpful future.
4．What is the main job of the sensor system in the HyperAdapt shoe
A．To change the color of the shoe.
B．To feel the pressure and shape of the foot.
C．To play music for the runner.
D．To connect to the internet.
5．According to the text, how can the HyperAdapt shoe help a runner during a long race
A．By telling them when to drink water.
B．By automatically adjusting the laces as their feet swell.
C．By making them run faster than others.
D．By cleaning their feet while they run.
6．The underlined word “practical” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to ________.
A．user-friendly and useful
B．strange and unusual
C．expensive and rare
D．old and traditional
7．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this article
A．To tell a funny story about a shoe designer.
B．To explain how a new invention works and its possible benefits.
C．To argue that these shoes are the best in the world.
D．To compare different brands of sports shoes.
C
Cockatoos are common birds in Australia. They are known for solving problems and learning from each other. They can open dustbin lids (垃圾箱盖) to find food inside. Scientists also found cockatoos knew how to drink from drinking fountains (喷泉式饮水器) .
Dr Barbara Klump once noticed a cockatoo drinking from a fountain. She thought someone left the water running by mistake. But after watching a video, she realized the bird actually turned on the fountain by itself. Dr Klump and her team decided to study the cockatoos. They marked 24 cockatoos and set up two cameras near a drinking fountain the birds used often. The cameras recorded 14 hours of video over 44 days, showing 525 times when the birds used the fountain.
The scientists found about 70% of the cockatoos in the area tried to use the fountain. Every bird did it a little differently, but they all used at least one foot to turn on the fountain’s handle (把手) . The cockatoos didn’t always succeed and they only got water in about 41% of their tries. They had an especially hard time when they were in a hurry or when other cockatoos were trying to use the fountain at the same time.
The scientists aren’t exactly sure why cockatoos used drinking fountains. Maybe the clean water tastes better than water from a river. Another possible (可能的) reason is drinking from fountains makes cockatoos feel safer, as it helps them better watch for eagles. Dr Klump guessed cockatoos just like the fun of making the fountains work!
Cockatoos seem to get used to city life easily. The scientists say they can’t wait to find out what skills the birds will learn next!
8．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about
A．Cockatoos’ kinds. B．Cockatoos’ abilities.
C．Cockatoos’ living area. D．Cockatoos’ eating habits.
9．Which question does paragraph 2 answer
A．When did Dr Klump get interested in cockatoos
B．Why did the cockatoo turn on the fountain
C．How did Dr Klump’s team study the cockatoos
D．What did Dr Klump know about cockatoos
10．What did the result of the study show
A．The cockatoos often hurried to use the fountain.
B．Half of the cockatoos got water from the fountain.
C．The cockatoos liked to use the fountain at the same time.
D．Each cockatoo had its own way of turning on the fountain.
11．Which are the possible reasons why cockatoos used drinking fountains
①The water has a better taste. ②The activity brings them joy.
③The activity keeps them safe. ④The fountains are easier to use.
A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．①③④
D
As teenagers grow up. they start to make their own decisions (决定). However. during this period. it can be easy for them to form bad habits. These bad habits, if we don’t change them, could cause more serious ones when they become adults, so stopping harmful habits from controlling (控制) a teenager’s life is important. They must learn to know bad habits early and make right changes.
To change bad habits is never easy. In many ways, our lifestyle is the sum of choices we have made. We make a choice to do something, and then we repeat it over and over again. Soon that choice forms a habit that is much harder to change. The good news is that we can change, if we understand how habits work.
According to modern psychology (心理学), we must first learn about the“habit cycle”, which works like this:
Firstly. there is a “cue”, an action, event、or situation that acts as a signal (信号) to do something.
Secondly, there is a “routine”. the regular (有规律的) action you take in response (反应) to the cue.
Thirdly there is the “reward”, the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.
For example, when we feel unhappy (cue), we eat lots of unhealthy snacks (routine). which makes us feel happy (reward). The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle. and the bad habit of depending on unhealthy snacks is formed.
To help us succeed in changing our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to change them. Besides, we may find it hard to change bad habits quickly. In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time.
For young people, there is lots of time to change bad habits. However. there is no”magic pill”:you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes. You have the power to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits!
12．Which of the following means”the three periods of the habit cycle”
A．B．C．D．
13．Why is it important to stop harmful habits from controlling a teenager’s life
A．Because teenagers can’t make their own decisions.
B．Because bad habits are easy to form and may cause more serious ones.
C．Because changing bad habits is very easy.
D．Because teenagers don’t have any bad habits.
14．What can we learn from the passage
A．Repeating a choice is a good way to change bad habits. B．It’s not important to examine the bad habits cycles.
C．Young people can change habits easily. D．It takes a period of time to change bad habits.
15．What is the passage mainly about
A．The importance of forming good habits. B．Suggestions for young people’s lifestyles.
C．How to change bad habits for a healthy life. D．What to do to avoid forming unhealthy habits.
第二节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后所给的选项中，选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A new term means a fresh start. It’s always a great time to make some resolutions. 16
◆ Get organized.
17 . Set up a system early: Use different coloured exercise books for each class. And remember to sort your computer files (文件) by school year, term or subject. With a well-organized space and a clear mind, you can focus on learning and achieve better.
◆ 18
A good routine makes life easier. Try to sleep and wake up on time, especially on weekdays. Plan your daily time for activities and study. Prepare clothes and needed things the night before: This keeps you from the morning rush.
◆ Be with hard-working friends.
As the saying goes, “Show me your friends and I’ll show you your future.” You can understand people by knowing their friends. Make good friends with people who work hard. 19
◆ Develop healthy habits.
Finally, remember to take good care of yourself. Unhealthy food and little sleep hurt your body and mind—you may feel fuzzy and forgetful. So it’s good for you to eat healthy food, do exercise and get enough sleep. 20 But stick with them, you will find that you’re far more productive (高效的) and successful—and probably happier, too.
A．Have enough rest.
B．Get into a good routine.
C．Developing new healthy habits is not easy at first.
D．Here are some simple ways to begin your term well.
E．You can have a good future when you have few friends.
F．Being organized can keep you away from mess and worries.
G．They can be good study partners and set good examples for you as well.
第二部分 语言知识应用（共两节，满分25分）
第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
In autumn, it gets cold. Some birds like wild geese (大雁) fly 21 for the winter, flying in a “V” formation (队形).
Why do they fly in a “V” formation Scientists find out that in this way, they can save 22 . So they can fly more 23 . And the trip will be safer and easier because they are travelling with the 24 of one another.
When a wild goose falls out of formation, it won’t try to go 25 but will quickly get back into formation. When the head wild goose gets tired, it 26 and another wild goose flies to the point. They just take turns to lead. When a wild goose gets sick or is wounded (受伤的), two other wild geese fall down with it. They follow it down to 27 the wild goose and give it help. They stay with the fallen wild goose till it can fly or till it 28
If we learn from wild geese, we can stay in formation with people in the 29 direction as we are. If we humans have the 30 of a wild goose, we can stand by each other like that, and life will be more enjoyable.
21．A．east B．north C．south D．west
22．A．wing B．character C．fact D．energy
23．A．slowly B．quietly C．happily D．easily
24．A．prize B．climate C．help D．tool
25．A．freshly B．alone C．loud D．directly
26．A．slows down B．flies faster C．puts up D．takes a walk
27．A．protect B．attend C．spare D．connect
28．A．weighs B．stores C．solves D．dies
29．A．different B．similar C．difficult D．same
30．A．meaning B．joy C．sense D．pleasure
第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Elephants are amazing animals. They are some of 31 biggest animals on land. An African elephant is 32 (strong) than an Asian elephant. It has very large 33 (ear). They look like two big fans.
Elephants are very smart. They have excellent memories and can remember places with food and water for a long time. They also have long trunks (象鼻). The trunk is used to eat, drink, and even take 34 bath. Elephants are friendly animals. They 35 (live) in small groups many years ago and 36 (careful) looked after their babies.
However, elephants are in danger. They are losing their homes 37 people are cutting down too many trees. Also, some people hunt them for their ivory. We must do something 38 (protect) these kind animals. We should not buy 39 (something) made of ivory (象牙). We can also tell more people about the importance of elephant protection. If we work together, elephants 40 (enjoy) a better life in the future.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，满分30分）
第一节阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
The Friendship of Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi
In ancient (古代的) China, there was a famous musician named Yu Boya. He was highly talented in playing the guqin. His music was so beautiful that it could touch people’s hearts.
One day, while playing the guqin by the riverside, Yu Boya met Zhong Ziqi. Although Zhong Ziqi was only a woodcutter (伐木者), he was able to understand the feelings and meanings expressed through Yu Boya’s music. Zhong Ziqi could tell when Yu Boya was playing for the mountains or waters. This deep understanding helped to build a strong friendship between them. They became close friends who could communicate (交流) through the language of music.
Unluckily, Zhong Ziqi died soon. Yu Boya was really sad. In memory of his dear friend, he broke his guqin, saying never to play it again.
Their story is popular through the ages as a symbol of true friendship. It shows that real friends do not necessarily need to be the same. No matter who you are, and what you do, true friendship can bring people together in a way that nothing else can.
41．Why was Yu Boya so famous
42．Where did Yu Boya meet Zhong Ziqi for the first time
43．What was Zhong Ziqi’s job
44．Did Yu Boya play the guqin after Zhong Ziqi died
45．翻译文章下划线部分.
第二节写作（满分20分）
46．假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Peter来信询问你家乡大庆的情况，并表示想来大庆参观。请你根据以下提示给他回一封邮件，介绍你的家乡大庆。
提示：
1. 基本情况：位于黑龙江省北部，是著名的“油城”，因大庆油田而闻名；
2. 特色景点：大庆铁人纪念馆（了解铁人精神）、大庆湿地公园（欣赏自然风光、观鸟）；
3. 特色文化：铁人精神（勤劳、勇敢、奉献）；
4. 邀请：欢迎他来大庆，你会带他参观游玩。
要求：
1. 词数：60~80词左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；
2. 条理清晰，语句通顺，语法正确；
3. 文中不得出现真实的人名、校名、地名。
Dear Peter,
I’m very happy to receive your email. You asked about my hometown Daqing. Now let me tell you something about it.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I’m looking forward to your coming!
Yours,
Li Hua
/ 让学习更有效 期末培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 期末培优卷 | 英语学科
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
参考答案及试题解析
1．C 2．B 3．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了一项关于孩子做家务与提升脑力的研究，介绍了研究的对象、结果以及相关人员观点等内容。
1．细节理解题。根据“Collected from children aged 5 to 13 in mid-2020, the results showed 86 percent of the kids put their dirty clothes in the right place and cleaned up after playing. But only 59 percent made their own beds, just 26 percent sorted clothes after washing and 10 percent helped with cooking.”可知，在做饭、整理床铺、玩耍后清理、洗碗这几项家务中，孩子们最有可能做的是玩耍后清理，占比86%。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段“Older children are more likely to do housework than younger ones. Girls do more housework than boys. For example, only 49 percent of the boys but 70 percent of the girls made their own beds.”可知，49%的男孩和70%的女孩自己铺床，由此推知，选项B的图示符合文意。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据“Children who often cook a family meal may be more likely to be good at other ways of life—like schoolwork or problem-solving,” the lead researcher of the study, Ms Tepper, said.可知，Tepper女士认为经常做饭的孩子可能更擅长生活的其他方面，比如学业或解决问题，由此推断她认为孩子做家务是有帮助的。故选A。
4．B 5．B 6．A 7．B
【导语】本文介绍了耐克公司推出的自动系带鞋HyperAdapt，从其科技原理、功能优势到未来潜力进行了全面阐述，展现了智能穿戴设备如何改变日常生活。
4．细节理解题。根据“The shoe has a special sensor system that can feel the shape and pressure of your foot.”可知，这款鞋子有一个特殊的传感器系统，可以感知你脚的形状和压力。故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据“As you walk or run, your feet can change a little. The HyperAdapt feels these changes and can loosen or tighten the laces automatically to keep the fit perfect. This is very helpful for runners, as their feet can swell during long exercises.”可知，通过自动调节鞋带以适应脚部的肿胀。故选B。
6．词句猜测题。根据“This technology is not only practical but also highly beneficial for many people. For example, it can be a great help for people with disabilities who find it difficult to bend down and tie their shoes.”可知，该技术对残障人士和运动员有实际帮助（如免弯腰系鞋带、避免鞋带松开），因此“practical”在此语境中指“方便实用”，选项A最贴合。故选A。
7．主旨大意题。根据“. A company called Nike has created the HyperAdapt, a shoe with a smart lacing system. This invention is a big step forward, not just for athletes, but for everyone.”并通读全文可知，本文介绍了耐克公司推出的自动系带鞋HyperAdapt，从其科技原理、功能优势到未来潜力进行了全面阐述，即：解释一项新发明的工作原理及其可能带来的好处。故选B。
8．B 9．C 10．D 11．A
【导语】本文通过“打开垃圾箱盖”和“操作喷泉式饮水器”这两个具体实例讲述了澳大利亚凤头鹦鹉展现出的惊人智慧与适应能力。
8．主旨大意题。根据“They are known for solving problems and learning from each other. They can open dustbin lids (垃圾箱盖) to find food inside. Scientists also found cockatoos knew how to drink from drinking fountains (喷泉式饮水器) .”可知，第一段的核心内容是列举凤头鹦鹉的各种能力，而非其栖息地或饮食习惯。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据“Dr Klump and her team decided to study the cockatoos. They marked 24 cockatoos and set up two cameras near a drinking fountain the birds used often. The cameras recorded 14 hours of video over 44 days, showing 525 times when the birds used the fountain.”可知，本段详细回答了研究团队是如何进行这项研究的，即：对凤头鹦鹉的研究。故选C。
10．细节理解题。 根据“Every bird did it a little differently, but they all used at least one foot to turn on the fountain’s handle (把手) .”可知，研究结果显示，对于使用喷泉式饮水器，每只鹦鹉都有自己独特的方式。故选D。
11．细节理解题。根据“Maybe the clean water tastes better than water from a river. Another possible (可能的) reason is drinking from fountains makes cockatoos feel safer, as it helps them better watch for eagles. Dr Klump guessed cockatoos just like the fun of making the fountains work!可知，文中提到的三个可能原因分别是：①水更好喝、③让它们感到安全、②这个过程带来乐趣。文中并未提及“饮水器更容易使用”，①②③正确。故选A。
12．C 13．B 14．D 15．C
【导语】本文主要讲了青少年习惯养成与改变的过程，介绍了习惯循环的三个阶段，并说明了如何改变不良习惯以拥有健康生活。
12．细节理解题。根据文章中对习惯循环（habit cycle）的描述：“Firstly, there is a ‘cue...Secondly, there is a ‘routine’...Thirdly, there is the ‘reward’...” 可知，习惯循环的三个阶段是 Cue（信号）→ Routine（常规行为）→ Reward（奖励）。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据“However, during this period, it can be easy for them to form bad habits. These bad habits, if we don’t change them, could cause more serious ones when they become adults, so stop harmful habits from controlling a teenager’s life is important.” 可知，不良习惯容易形成，且若不改变会在成年后引发更严重的问题。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time.” 可知，改变不良习惯需要一段时间，并非一蹴而就。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。文章从青少年易养成不良习惯入手，分析习惯循环的机制，进而说明如何改变不良习惯以拥有健康的生活。因此，文章主要内容是 “如何改变不良习惯以获得健康生活”。故选C。
16．D 17．F 18．B 19．G 20．C
【导语】本文介绍了新学期开启良好开端的几条简单方法，包括有条理、养成好习惯、和努力的朋友相处以及培养健康习惯。
16．根据“A new term means a fresh start. It’s always a great time to make some resolutions.”短文开篇提到新学期意味着新开始，是制定计划的好时机，接下来列举了几条具体方法，如“Get organized.”“Be with hard-working friends.”等，所以此空应是引出下文这些方法的句子。选项D“这里有一些简单的方法来让你的学期有个好开始。”符合语境。故选D。
17．根据“Get organized.”及“Set up a system early: Use different coloured exercise books for each class...With a well-organized space and a clear mind...”，可知本段围绕“有条理”展开，介绍了具体的有条理的做法及好处，此空应是对“有条理”的作用的说明。选项F“有条理可以让你远离混乱和烦恼。”符合语境。故选F。
18．根据“A good routine makes life easier. Try to sleep and wake up on time...Plan your daily time...”，可知本段围绕“良好的日常习惯”展开，介绍了养成日常习惯的具体做法，所以此空应是概括该段主题的句子。选项B“养成良好的日常习惯。”符合语境。故选B。
19．根据“Be with hard-working friends.”及“Make good friends with people who work hard.”，可知本段建议和努力的朋友相处，此空应是说明和努力的朋友相处的好处。选项G“他们可以成为好的学习伙伴，也能为你树立好榜样。”符合语境。故选G。
20．根据“Develop healthy habits.”及“But stick with them, you will find that you’re far more productive...”，可知本段围绕培养健康习惯展开，后文用“but”表转折，说明坚持下去的好处，此空应是说明培养健康习惯初期的难度。选项C“一开始养成新的健康习惯并不容易。”符合语境。故选C。
21．C 22．D 23．D 24．C 25．B 26．A 27．A 28．D 29．D 30．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了大雁秋季南飞时排成“V”字形队伍的原因及它们的团队协作行为。
21．句意：一些鸟，比如大雁，会飞往南方过冬，排成“V”字形队伍飞行。
east东方；north北方；south南方；west西方。根据原文“In autumn, it gets cold”，秋天变冷，大雁为过冬会向温暖的“南方”迁徙，故选C。
22．句意：科学家发现，这样它们可以节省能量。
wing翅膀；character性格；fact事实；energy能量。根据原文“So they can fly more... ”，节省能量才能让飞行更轻松，可知此处指“节省能量”，故选D。
23．句意：所以它们可以飞得更轻松。
slowly缓慢地；quietly安静地；happily开心地；easily轻松地。根据原文“save energy”，节省能量的目的是让飞行更“轻松”，故选D。
24．句意：而且这段旅程会更安全、更轻松，因为它们在彼此的帮助下前行。
prize奖品；climate气候；help帮助；tool工具。根据原文“two other wild geese fall down with it... give it help”可知，大雁之间会相互帮助，可知是借助彼此的“帮助”迁徙，故选C。
25．句意：当一只大雁脱离队伍时，它不会试图独自飞行，而是会迅速回到队伍中。
freshly新鲜地；alone独自地；loud大声地；directly直接地。根据原文“quickly get back into formation”，脱离队伍后会尽快归队，不会“独自”飞行，故选B。
26．句意：当头雁累了，它会放慢速度，另一只大雁会飞到领头的位置。
slows down放慢速度；flies faster飞得更快；puts up举起；takes a walk散步。根据原文“another wild goose flies to the point. They just take turns to lead”，头雁累了会让其他大雁领航，所以会“放慢速度”，故选A。
27．句意：它们跟着它飞下去保护这只大雁并给予帮助。
protect保护；attend参加；spare抽出；connect连接。根据原文“give it help”，帮助受伤或生病的大雁，包括“保护”它，故选A。
28．句意：它们会一直陪着这只掉队的大雁，直到它能飞起来或者死去。
weighs称重；stores储存；solves解决；dies死亡。根据原文“stay with the fallen wild goose till it can fly”，陪伴的两种结果是大雁恢复飞行或“死亡”，故选D。
29．句意：如果我们向大雁学习，我们就能和志同道合的人保持一致。
different不同的；similar相似的；difficult困难的；same相同的。根据原文“stay in formation”，像大雁一样排成队伍，需要和他人朝着“相同的”方向，故选D。
30．句意：如果我们人类有大雁的意识，我们就能那样相互支持，生活将会更愉快。
meaning意义；joy快乐；sense意识；pleasure乐趣。根据原文“stand by each other like that”，相互支持是一种团队“意识”，故选C。
31．the 32．stronger 33．ears 34．a 35．lived 36．carefully 37．because 38．to protect 39．anything 40．will enjoy
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了大象的体型特征、智慧习性及其友好的群居生活，同时指出它们因栖息地破坏和非法捕猎而面临生存威胁，最后呼吁人们采取行动保护大象，共创美好未来。
31．句意：它们是陆地上最大的动物之一。空后是biggest，最高级前应用定冠词the。故填the。
32．句意：非洲象比亚洲象强壮。根据“than”可知，此处应用形容词strong的比较级stronger。故填stronger。
33．句意：它有非常大的耳朵。ear“耳朵”，可数名词；此处应用复数名词ears，表示泛指。故填ears。
34．句意：象鼻用来吃东西，喝水，甚至洗澡。take a bath“洗澡”，动词短语。故填a。
35．句意：多年前，他们以小团体的形式生活，并仔细照顾他们的孩子。根据“many years ago”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填lived。
36．句意：多年前，他们以小团体的形式生活，并仔细照顾他们的孩子。此处应用副词carefully“仔细地”修饰looked after，表示“仔细照顾他们的孩子”。故填carefully。
37．句意：他们正在失去家园，因为人们砍伐了太多的树木。分析句子结构可知，前后句之间是因果关系，前果后因，此处应用because“因为”引导原因状语从句。故填because。
38．句意：我们必须采取措施保护这些善良的动物。根据“We must do something…these kind animals.”以及提示词可知，此处指“采取措施去保护这些动物”，应用动词不定式作目的状语，应用to protect。故填to protect。
39．句意：我们不应该买象牙做的东西。根据“We should not buy…made of ivory.”以及提示词可知，此处指“不应该买象牙做的东西”，句子为否定句，空处应用anything“任何东西”。故填anything。
40．句意：如果我们一起努力，大象将在未来享受更好的生活。根据“If we work together, elephants…a better life in the future.”可知，if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”，主句用一般将来时，其结构为“will do”。故填will enjoy。
41．Because he was highly talented in playing the guqin. 42．By the riverside. 43．A woodcutter./He was only a woodcutter. 44．No, he didn’t. 45．这表明真正的朋友不一定要一样。
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了俞伯牙和钟子期之间深厚的友谊。
41．根据“In ancient (古代的) China, there was a famous musician named Yu Boya. He was highly talented in playing the guqin. His music was so beautiful that it could touch people’s hearts.”可知，俞伯牙之所以如此出名，是因为他弹奏古琴技艺高超，他的音乐非常优美，能够触动人们的心灵。故填Because he was highly talented in playing the guqin.
42．根据“One day, while playing the guqin by the riverside, Yu Boya met Zhong Ziqi.”可知，俞伯牙是在河边第一次遇到钟子期的。故填By the riverside.
43．根据“Although Zhong Ziqi was only a woodcutter (伐木者)”可知，钟子期是一名伐木者。故填A woodcutter./He was only a woodcutter.
44．根据“Unluckily, Zhong Ziqi died soon. Yu Boya was really sad. In memory of his dear friend, he broke his guqin, saying never to play it again.”可知，钟子期去世后，俞伯牙摔坏了他的古琴，并表示再也不弹奏了，因此他没有再弹奏古琴。故填No, he didn’t.
45．It shows“这表明”；real friends“真正的朋友”；not necessarily“不一定”；need to be“需要是”；the same“一样的”。故填：这表明真正的朋友不一定要一样。
46．
Dear Peter,
I’m very happy to receive your email. You asked about my hometown Daqing. Now let me tell you something about it.
Daqing is located in the north of Heilongjiang Province. It is famous as the “Oil City” because of Daqing Oilfield. There are many great places to visit here. You can go to Daqing Iron Man Memorial Hall to learn about the Iron Man Spirit—hard work, courage and devotion. You can also visit Daqing Wetland Park to enjoy the beautiful natural scenery and watch different kinds of birds.
People here are kind and hard-working. I sincerely welcome you to Daqing. I will show you around and visit these places with you.
I’m looking forward to your coming!
Yours,
Li Hua
【详解】【总体分析】
①题材：本文是一封电子邮件；
②时态：一般现在时；
③提示：围绕家乡大庆的基本情况（位置和油城）、特色景点（铁人纪念馆和湿地公园）、特色文化（铁人精神）以及邀请展开。
【写作步骤】
第一步：用2—3句话介绍家乡的基本情况（位置和油城特点）；
第二步：描述特色景点（纪念馆和湿地公园），并说明相关活动；
第三步：介绍特色文化（铁人精神）并发出邀请，表达欢迎之意。
【亮点词汇】
①be famous as作为……而闻名
②devotion奉献
③sincerely真诚地
【高分句型】
①Daqing is located in the north of Heilongjiang Province.（be located in结构表示位置）
②There are many great places to visit here.（“there be+名词+to do”句型）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
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