高考英语二轮复习专题2阅读理解第1节细节理解题课件
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| 名称 | 高考英语二轮复习专题2阅读理解第1节细节理解题课件 |
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| 格式 | ppt | ||
| 文件大小 | 529.0KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-01-22 00:00:00 | ||
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(共17张PPT)
专题二
阅读理解
第一节 细节理解题
正确项特征 原文原词 利用原文原词作为正确选项，无需改变
同义替换 ① 对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如：把lose one's job换成be out of work
② 词性或者语态的变化，即把原文中的一些词变换词性，或者改变原句的语态
信息归纳 用精练的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息
正话反说 把原句的意思反过来表达，使之成为正确选项
干扰项特征 无中生有 选项在原文中没有相关信息或不能从原文中推出
张冠李戴 把文中两个不同的概念、人物或观点进行错位拼接
颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反
偷换概念 把原文中关键词或限定词去掉或用其他词进行替换
以偏概全 用片面的观点概括或陈述整体内容，造成范围的扩大
1. 直接信息题——对号入座法
(2025新高考Ⅱ卷)English market towns come in many shapes and sizes. Each has a personality shaped by the goods and services produced and traded for centuries. But each town has more to do than shop.
Hereford, Herefordshire
Hereford has remained a lively market town since 1189. Skirting the town square, you'll find lovely shops, eateries, and the Black and White House Museum. The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town. It's also home to an ancient library. One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there.
Where can you find an original copy of the Magna Carta
A. In the Ludlow Castle.
B. In the Foodie Centre of England.
C. In the Hereford Cathedral.
D. In the Black and White House Museum.
1
【解析】 直接信息题。根据题干中的关键词an original copy和the Magna Carta定位到Hereford, Herefordshire部分最后一句“One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there.”。此处的there指代上文出现的The Hereford Cathedral。因此在Hereford Cathedral可以找到《大宪章》的原件。故选C。
[干扰项排除] A、B两项根本不在题干关键词定位的段落，属于无中生有；D项的Black and White House Museum位于城镇广场附近，与《大宪章》无关，属于张冠李戴。
2. 间接信息题——同义替换法
(2025新高考Ⅰ卷)In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A's, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who'd created these people, knew their subjects so well.
Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of Paragraph 1
A. Ninth graders. B. Students' parents.
C. Modern writers. D. Fictional characters.
2
【解析】 间接信息题。根据题干可定位至第一段。我们在该段先找到a cowboy, a strict father和a modern-day Juliet等表示“人物”的名词；接着根据最后一句中的“my students, who'd created these people”可知，这些都是作者的学生在作品中创造的人物。因此，牛仔、严父、现代朱丽叶均为学生在作品中虚构的人物。fictional characters是原文created these people的同义表达。故选D。
[干扰项排除] A项指的是作者的学生，是这些虚构人物的创作者，属于颠倒是非；B项“学生父母”和C项“现代作家”都属于无中生有。
3. 数字计算题——加减乘除法
(2025新高考Ⅰ卷)Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions(排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here's the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport.
3
What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018
A. 11.6%. B. 45.1%. C. 74.5%. D. 86.1%.
【解析】 数字计算题。根据题干中的关键词transport emissions和2018定位到下面的图表中。根据图表ROAD VEHICLES部分中的“ROAD (PASSENGER) 45.1% ”以及“ROAD (GOODS) 29.4% ”可知，道路车辆(客运＋货运)总占比为：45.1%＋29.4%＝74.5%。故选C。
[干扰项排除] A项指的是“飞机占比”，属于张冠李戴；B项仅指“道路客运”，属于以偏概全；D项是将“飞机占比”加到了“道路车辆占比”中，属于偷换概念。
4. 综合信息题——归纳概括法
(2023新高考Ⅰ卷)This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
4
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist(转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
Navajas' study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________.
A. the crowds were relatively small B. there were occasional underestimates
C. individuals did not communicate D. estimates were not fully independent
【解析】 综合信息题。根据题干关键词Navajas' study可定位到第二段，但是我们首先要根据第一段倒数第二句“In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent.”可知，群体智慧效应注重的是人们的估计必须是独立的(independent)，这样估计的准确性才高。换句话说，如果是非独立的，那么估计的准确性就会下降；再结合第二段第二句“The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.”可知，Navajas的研究侧重于discussion，即使个体之间并非完全独立，估计的准确性也会提高。故选D。
[干扰项排除] A项容易被误选。根据第二段最后一句“...the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.”可知，进行试验的群体总人数是一样的，只是分组人数不同，且研究并没有论证群体数量是影响准确度的因素。故排除A项。A、B项属于无中生有、C项属于颠倒是非。
专题二
阅读理解
第一节 细节理解题
正确项特征 原文原词 利用原文原词作为正确选项，无需改变
同义替换 ① 对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如：把lose one's job换成be out of work
② 词性或者语态的变化，即把原文中的一些词变换词性，或者改变原句的语态
信息归纳 用精练的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息
正话反说 把原句的意思反过来表达，使之成为正确选项
干扰项特征 无中生有 选项在原文中没有相关信息或不能从原文中推出
张冠李戴 把文中两个不同的概念、人物或观点进行错位拼接
颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反
偷换概念 把原文中关键词或限定词去掉或用其他词进行替换
以偏概全 用片面的观点概括或陈述整体内容，造成范围的扩大
1. 直接信息题——对号入座法
(2025新高考Ⅱ卷)English market towns come in many shapes and sizes. Each has a personality shaped by the goods and services produced and traded for centuries. But each town has more to do than shop.
Hereford, Herefordshire
Hereford has remained a lively market town since 1189. Skirting the town square, you'll find lovely shops, eateries, and the Black and White House Museum. The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town. It's also home to an ancient library. One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there.
Where can you find an original copy of the Magna Carta
A. In the Ludlow Castle.
B. In the Foodie Centre of England.
C. In the Hereford Cathedral.
D. In the Black and White House Museum.
1
【解析】 直接信息题。根据题干中的关键词an original copy和the Magna Carta定位到Hereford, Herefordshire部分最后一句“One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there.”。此处的there指代上文出现的The Hereford Cathedral。因此在Hereford Cathedral可以找到《大宪章》的原件。故选C。
[干扰项排除] A、B两项根本不在题干关键词定位的段落，属于无中生有；D项的Black and White House Museum位于城镇广场附近，与《大宪章》无关，属于张冠李戴。
2. 间接信息题——同义替换法
(2025新高考Ⅰ卷)In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A's, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who'd created these people, knew their subjects so well.
Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of Paragraph 1
A. Ninth graders. B. Students' parents.
C. Modern writers. D. Fictional characters.
2
【解析】 间接信息题。根据题干可定位至第一段。我们在该段先找到a cowboy, a strict father和a modern-day Juliet等表示“人物”的名词；接着根据最后一句中的“my students, who'd created these people”可知，这些都是作者的学生在作品中创造的人物。因此，牛仔、严父、现代朱丽叶均为学生在作品中虚构的人物。fictional characters是原文created these people的同义表达。故选D。
[干扰项排除] A项指的是作者的学生，是这些虚构人物的创作者，属于颠倒是非；B项“学生父母”和C项“现代作家”都属于无中生有。
3. 数字计算题——加减乘除法
(2025新高考Ⅰ卷)Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions(排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here's the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport.
3
What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018
A. 11.6%. B. 45.1%. C. 74.5%. D. 86.1%.
【解析】 数字计算题。根据题干中的关键词transport emissions和2018定位到下面的图表中。根据图表ROAD VEHICLES部分中的“ROAD (PASSENGER) 45.1% ”以及“ROAD (GOODS) 29.4% ”可知，道路车辆(客运＋货运)总占比为：45.1%＋29.4%＝74.5%。故选C。
[干扰项排除] A项指的是“飞机占比”，属于张冠李戴；B项仅指“道路客运”，属于以偏概全；D项是将“飞机占比”加到了“道路车辆占比”中，属于偷换概念。
4. 综合信息题——归纳概括法
(2023新高考Ⅰ卷)This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
4
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist(转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
Navajas' study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________.
A. the crowds were relatively small B. there were occasional underestimates
C. individuals did not communicate D. estimates were not fully independent
【解析】 综合信息题。根据题干关键词Navajas' study可定位到第二段，但是我们首先要根据第一段倒数第二句“In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent.”可知，群体智慧效应注重的是人们的估计必须是独立的(independent)，这样估计的准确性才高。换句话说，如果是非独立的，那么估计的准确性就会下降；再结合第二段第二句“The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.”可知，Navajas的研究侧重于discussion，即使个体之间并非完全独立，估计的准确性也会提高。故选D。
[干扰项排除] A项容易被误选。根据第二段最后一句“...the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.”可知，进行试验的群体总人数是一样的，只是分组人数不同，且研究并没有论证群体数量是影响准确度的因素。故排除A项。A、B项属于无中生有、C项属于颠倒是非。