高考英语二轮复习专题2阅读理解第2节推理判断题课件
文档属性
| 名称 | 高考英语二轮复习专题2阅读理解第2节推理判断题课件 |
|
|
| 格式 | ppt | ||
| 文件大小 | 798.5KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-01-22 00:00:00 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
(共34张PPT)
专题二
阅读理解
第二节 推理判断题
干扰项
特征 颠倒是非 选项的结果与推断出来的正确结果相反
照搬原文 原文里有相关的直接信息，不需要经过推断
推理过度 把文章中的一些个案绝对化、扩大化
无中生有 捏造原文中并不存在的信息，并以此作为依据进行推断
解题干货 理解是前提 在理解文章的基础上，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示或线索
不断章取义 对文中信息加工处理，由浅入深、从具体到抽象，进行符合逻辑的推理
不主观臆断 忠于原文，以文章提供的线索和事实为依据，立足已知，推测未知
点破又说破 推断的精髓就是道出字里行间的“弦外之音”，说出作者的“言外之意”
1. 隐含推断题——推敲关键信息
(2025新高考Ⅰ卷)Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor(市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world.
1
What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s
A. They boosted the sales of cars. B. They turned out largely ineffective.
C. They won government support. D. They advocated building new parks.
【解析】 隐含推断题。根据题干关键词the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s可定位至第一段末尾，说明澳大利亚的运动与前文 Jane Jacobs 领导的运动性质相似——反对为道路建设破坏社区(如公园)。接着在下一段开头出现了一个although引导的让步状语从句，说明尽管这些运动开展得十分广泛，但事实是，大多数西方城市还是完全围绕汽车的需求进行了重新规划。具体到澳大利亚，文章提到该国汽车拥有率极高，这暗示了运动未能有效阻止以汽车为导向的城市发展，由此推断这些运动在澳大利亚基本上是无效的，这才是作者的言外之意。故选B。
[干扰项排除] A项属于无中生有，文中未提及运动与汽车销量的关系。C项“它们获得了政府支持”属于颠倒是非，文中暗示政府可能未采纳运动诉求，因为城市最终以汽车需求为主导。D项属于颠倒是非，原文中的运动是反对破坏现有公园，而非主张建新公园。
2. 观点态度题——依据措辞定态度
(2023新高考Ⅰ卷)In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn't the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”. Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
2
【解析】 观点态度题。推断观点态度时，一定要关注文中的转折词。根据本段最后一句“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.”可知，作者认为，虽然Navajas主导的研究有局限性，存在许多问题，但是它对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响仍然很大。此句中，虽然although从句讲的是缺点，但主句中讲的“好的一面”才是表达的重点。由此推断，作者对Navajas的研究是支持的。故选D。
What is the author's attitude toward Navajas' studies
A. Unclear. B. Dismissive.
C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
[干扰项排除] 作者通过 although，先指出不足，再强调积极影响，态度清晰，并非“不明确”，故A项错误；作者并未否定其研究价值，反而肯定其“巨大的潜在影响”，故B项错误；作者仅客观提及“局限性”，并非怀疑其整体价值，重点还是肯定，故C项属于过度推理。
3. 写作意图题——立足主旨推意图
看文体 ① 新闻报道→告知(to inform/report)
② 应用文→推销产品，吸引顾客等目标对象(to sell/attract)
③ 记叙文→讲故事，分享经历，表达情感、感悟或启示(to tell a story/to share an experience/to entertain/inspire)
④ 说明文→介绍某一事物或解释某一现象(to introduce/explain/inform)
⑤ 议论文→说明观点或提倡某种做法(to prove/analyze/show/argue/persuade)
看写作手法 ① 开篇提问→引出话题或吸引读者的兴趣
② 简介背景信息→引出主题
③ 举例、引语或数据→证明某一观点或说明某个主题
④ 讲述相关之事→引出主题或提供背景
(2024新高考Ⅰ卷) Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well，” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That's my job.”
Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association
A. To prove Farber's point.
B. To emphasize its importance.
C. To praise veterinarians.
D. To advocate animal protection.
3
[干扰项排除] B项属于过度推理，文中没有提及协会本身的重要性，仅用其成员增长作为例证；C项属于无中生有，文中并无对兽医的直接赞扬；D项属于颠倒是非或过度推理，段落核心是“综合疗法的普及”，无法等同于“动物保护”。
【解析】 写作意图题。本段提到the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association时说：“自1982年以来，美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个。”这句话出现在“if the past is any indication, he may be right”后，是作为例证来证明前面那句话：如果从过去的经验来看，Farber的观点可能是对的；那么，“他的观点”具体又是什么呢？就是本段开头的“Farber确信随着时间的推移，综合疗法会越来越受欢迎”。综上，作者列举美国综合兽医协会的会员从30个增加到700多个的例子，是为了证明Farber的观点。故选A。
【特别提醒】 无论是文章的写作意图，还是某个段落或者某处细节的写作意图，都必定与文章主题相关。无论是举例、引用还是设问等写作手法，都是为段落或全文主旨服务的。
4. 写作手法题——关注行文标志词
类型 标志词
举例子(by giving/providing examples) for example、for instance、like、标点符号“—”
下定义(by giving definition) that is (to say)
列数字(by listing data/statistics/figures) 具体数据或数字
做比较(by making comparisons) in comparison、compared with、in contrast
按时间顺序(by following time order) in 1960→in the 1980s→nowadays
按空间顺序(by following space order) 由远及近，由内到外
分析因果(by analyzing cause and effect) consequently、(that's) because、therefore、hence、result in
描述过程(by describing a process) first→second→third→finally
(2025新高考Ⅰ卷)Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.
How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph
A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept.
C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics.
4
【解析】 写作手法题。此段主旨是破折号前的内容，即“微塑料已成为全球普遍的污染源”，破折号后的内容起补充说明作用，对该主题进行详细举例和阐释，列举了“微塑料污染已扩散至深海和喜马拉雅山脉甚至进入人体内”等多个具体场景。故选C。
[干扰项排除] A、B、D项属于无中生有，因为文中既没有引用专家的话或提供数据，也没有对“微塑料”进行概念上的解释。
5. 文章后续发展题——锚定结尾定线索
推断维度 关键技巧 具体示例
锁定体裁 记叙文：
聚焦冲突解决 结尾：Lily argued with her mother and ran out.
后续：妈妈寻找莉莉或两人和解的过程
说明文：
延伸说明对象特征 结尾：This plant can survive in deserts.
后续：解释其适应沙漠的特殊结构(如深根、储水能力)
议论文(观点类)：
聚焦论点与论据的关系 结尾：Online education should be further promoted.
后续：可能补充具体推广措施或成功案例
推断维度 关键技巧 具体示例
拆解逻辑 因果逻辑：补全“果” 结尾：The river was polluted, so many fish died.
后续：说明鱼死亡对生态的影响
对比逻辑：引入“另一方” 结尾：Smartphones bring convenience. However, ...
后续：讨论智能手机的弊端(如使人上瘾、泄露隐私)
锚定结尾 紧扣结尾“钩子”(问题/动作/对比) 结尾：What caused the ancient city to disappear
后续：分析具体原因(如自然灾害、战争)
确保内容“无缝衔接” 结尾：He pressed the red button, and everything went dark.
后续：描述黑暗中的情况或按钮的作用
(2025河北石家庄实验中学一模)“In addition to wearables, these devices could be useful in other applications，” Malakooti said. One idea involves using these devices with electronics that get hot. “You can imagine sticking these devices onto warm electronics and using that extra heat to power small sensors，” Malakooti said. “This could be especially helpful in data centres, where servers and computing equipment consume substantial electricity and generate heat, requiring even more electricity to keep them cool. Plus, these devices also work backwards, in that adding electricity allows them to heat or cool surfaces, which opens up another avenue for applications.”
What might be talked about in the following paragraph
A. The disadvantages of the new device.
B. The methods of using the new device.
C. The reasons for applying the new device.
D. The prospect of employing the new device in more fields.
5
[干扰项排除] A项属于过度推理。结尾以opens up another avenue结束，是乐观展望，突然转向缺点会破坏逻辑连贯性。B项混淆了“应用场景”与“使用方法”，忽略了结尾的逻辑推进。C项属于偏离主旨，结尾句中的opens up another avenue更指向未来前景而非原因分析。
【解析】 文章后续发展题。根据最后一段可知，研究者提到除了可穿戴领域，新设备还能用于其他场景。特别举例该设备在数据中心的应用潜力，并指出其“反向工作”特性(通电可加热/冷却表面)带来了更多应用可能。D项“新设备在更多领域的应用前景”与结尾“开辟更多应用途径”直接呼应，是原文信息的自然延续。故选D。
6. 文章出处题——看内容知出处
看内容知出处 介绍科研成果、发现或科普知识→a science magazine/a science report
营养、健康饮食→a health magazine
旅游景点介绍→a travel guide/brochure
新产品/影片/演出介绍→advertisement
文化教育类文章→education section
文章前有日期、地点或通讯社名称→newspaper
文中有网站链接或click等网络用语→website
时尚、名人或娱乐介绍→magazine/journal/entertainment section
人物介绍→biography/autobiography
文章涉及书或电影的作者介绍、内容梗概、人物性格评论、写作特色
→a book/film review
(2023新高考Ⅱ卷)Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists' representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books”， artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed(描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
6
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect(才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks—transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader...
【解析】 文章出处题。根据第一段第一句“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.”和第二段第一句“In this ‘book of books’，...”可知，本文介绍了一本收录近三百件来自博物馆和世界各地的收藏品的书。故选A。
Where is the text most probably taken from
A. An introduction to a book.
B. An essay on the art of writing.
C. A guidebook to a museum.
D. A review of modern paintings.
[干扰项排除] B项“一篇关于写作艺术的散文”，与本文主题不符，本文不是关于“写作艺术”的；C项“一本博物馆指南”属于推理过度，文本虽提及“博物馆的艺术品”，但核心是介绍这些艺术品被收录在某本书中，而非介绍博物馆本身或参观指南；D项“一篇现代绘画评论”，也与本文主题不符，本文不是关于“现代绘画评论的”，也属于推理过度。
7. 人物身份题——紧扣场景断职业
推断依据 关键线索词/场景
职业动作 diagnose/surgery(诊断/手术)→doctor(医生)
defend/trial(辩护/审判)→lawyer(律师)
interview/report(采访/报道)→reporter/journalist(记者)
lecture/thesis(授课/论文)→professor/teacher(教授/老师)
职业工具/服饰 brush/canvas(画笔/画布)→painter(画家) blueprint(蓝图)→architect(建筑师)
职业场所 laboratory(实验室)→researcher/professor/scientist(研究人员/教授/科学家)
operating room(手术室)→surgeon(外科医生)
courtroom(法庭)→lawyer/judge(律师/法官)
studio(画室)→artist(艺术家)
职业成果 novel/best-seller(小说/畅销书)→writer/novelist(作家/小说家)
patent/invention(专利/发明)→inventor(发明家)
(2021全国乙卷)During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction(干扰) in his open office, he said, “That's why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street—so I can focus.” His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout(布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
What can we infer about the author from the text
A. He's a news reporter. B. He's an office manager.
C. He's a professional designer. D. He's a published writer.
7
【解析】 人物身份题。原文首句提到“During an interview for one of my books(在为我的一本书做采访时)”，直接表明作者有已出版的著作，符合“published writer(已发表作品的作家)”的身份特征。故选D。
[干扰项排除] A项忽略了采访的目的，误将场景关联等同于职业特征。B项过度扩展场景范围，将“提及办公室环境”错误关联为“办公室管理者”的身份。C项误将“提及设计相关词汇”等同于“从事设计职业”，忽略职业核心行为的缺失。
8. 人物评价题——看言行知人品
看言行 留意文中涉及该人物的言行、经历或心理活动的句子，尤其是其中的动词、名词、形容词和副词
知人品 根据文中对言行的具体描述，推断其性格、人品等。如：
经常帮助他人→kind/helpful
做事坚持不懈→determined/strong-willed
值得他人信任→reliable
有远大理想或追求→ambitious/aggressive
(2024新高考Ⅰ卷)“I am not crazy，” says Dr William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture(针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his co-workers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he'll have the last laugh. He's one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians(兽医) now practising “holistic” medicine—combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic(按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.
What do some of Farber's co-workers think of him
A. He's odd. B. He's strict.
C. He's brave. D. He's rude.
8
【解析】 人物评价题。题干询问Farber的同事对他的看法，需锁定原文相关描述。根据第三句“If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his co-workers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.”可知，同事认为Farber的做法不常见，这对应了A项odd(古怪的，奇怪的)。故选A。
[干扰项排除] B项strict(严格的)、C项brave(勇敢的)和D项rude(粗鲁的)均未在文中提及，属于无中生有。
描述人物品德、性格的常见词汇：
open-minded思想开明的 easy-going随和的
organized有条理的 aggressive好强的
energetic精力充沛的 ambitious有雄心的
disciplined守纪律的 generous慷慨的
bad-tempered易怒的 greedy贪婪的
caring体贴人的 humorous幽默的
competent能胜任的 considerate考虑周到的
thoughtful体贴的 courageous/brave勇敢的
creative有创造力的 reliable可信赖的
determined坚决的 strong-willed意志坚强的
independent独立的 demanding要求高的
odd古怪的 strict严格的
要词积累
专题二
阅读理解
第二节 推理判断题
干扰项
特征 颠倒是非 选项的结果与推断出来的正确结果相反
照搬原文 原文里有相关的直接信息，不需要经过推断
推理过度 把文章中的一些个案绝对化、扩大化
无中生有 捏造原文中并不存在的信息，并以此作为依据进行推断
解题干货 理解是前提 在理解文章的基础上，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示或线索
不断章取义 对文中信息加工处理，由浅入深、从具体到抽象，进行符合逻辑的推理
不主观臆断 忠于原文，以文章提供的线索和事实为依据，立足已知，推测未知
点破又说破 推断的精髓就是道出字里行间的“弦外之音”，说出作者的“言外之意”
1. 隐含推断题——推敲关键信息
(2025新高考Ⅰ卷)Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor(市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world.
1
What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s
A. They boosted the sales of cars. B. They turned out largely ineffective.
C. They won government support. D. They advocated building new parks.
【解析】 隐含推断题。根据题干关键词the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s可定位至第一段末尾，说明澳大利亚的运动与前文 Jane Jacobs 领导的运动性质相似——反对为道路建设破坏社区(如公园)。接着在下一段开头出现了一个although引导的让步状语从句，说明尽管这些运动开展得十分广泛，但事实是，大多数西方城市还是完全围绕汽车的需求进行了重新规划。具体到澳大利亚，文章提到该国汽车拥有率极高，这暗示了运动未能有效阻止以汽车为导向的城市发展，由此推断这些运动在澳大利亚基本上是无效的，这才是作者的言外之意。故选B。
[干扰项排除] A项属于无中生有，文中未提及运动与汽车销量的关系。C项“它们获得了政府支持”属于颠倒是非，文中暗示政府可能未采纳运动诉求，因为城市最终以汽车需求为主导。D项属于颠倒是非，原文中的运动是反对破坏现有公园，而非主张建新公园。
2. 观点态度题——依据措辞定态度
(2023新高考Ⅰ卷)In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn't the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”. Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
2
【解析】 观点态度题。推断观点态度时，一定要关注文中的转折词。根据本段最后一句“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.”可知，作者认为，虽然Navajas主导的研究有局限性，存在许多问题，但是它对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响仍然很大。此句中，虽然although从句讲的是缺点，但主句中讲的“好的一面”才是表达的重点。由此推断，作者对Navajas的研究是支持的。故选D。
What is the author's attitude toward Navajas' studies
A. Unclear. B. Dismissive.
C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
[干扰项排除] 作者通过 although，先指出不足，再强调积极影响，态度清晰，并非“不明确”，故A项错误；作者并未否定其研究价值，反而肯定其“巨大的潜在影响”，故B项错误；作者仅客观提及“局限性”，并非怀疑其整体价值，重点还是肯定，故C项属于过度推理。
3. 写作意图题——立足主旨推意图
看文体 ① 新闻报道→告知(to inform/report)
② 应用文→推销产品，吸引顾客等目标对象(to sell/attract)
③ 记叙文→讲故事，分享经历，表达情感、感悟或启示(to tell a story/to share an experience/to entertain/inspire)
④ 说明文→介绍某一事物或解释某一现象(to introduce/explain/inform)
⑤ 议论文→说明观点或提倡某种做法(to prove/analyze/show/argue/persuade)
看写作手法 ① 开篇提问→引出话题或吸引读者的兴趣
② 简介背景信息→引出主题
③ 举例、引语或数据→证明某一观点或说明某个主题
④ 讲述相关之事→引出主题或提供背景
(2024新高考Ⅰ卷) Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well，” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That's my job.”
Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association
A. To prove Farber's point.
B. To emphasize its importance.
C. To praise veterinarians.
D. To advocate animal protection.
3
[干扰项排除] B项属于过度推理，文中没有提及协会本身的重要性，仅用其成员增长作为例证；C项属于无中生有，文中并无对兽医的直接赞扬；D项属于颠倒是非或过度推理，段落核心是“综合疗法的普及”，无法等同于“动物保护”。
【解析】 写作意图题。本段提到the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association时说：“自1982年以来，美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个。”这句话出现在“if the past is any indication, he may be right”后，是作为例证来证明前面那句话：如果从过去的经验来看，Farber的观点可能是对的；那么，“他的观点”具体又是什么呢？就是本段开头的“Farber确信随着时间的推移，综合疗法会越来越受欢迎”。综上，作者列举美国综合兽医协会的会员从30个增加到700多个的例子，是为了证明Farber的观点。故选A。
【特别提醒】 无论是文章的写作意图，还是某个段落或者某处细节的写作意图，都必定与文章主题相关。无论是举例、引用还是设问等写作手法，都是为段落或全文主旨服务的。
4. 写作手法题——关注行文标志词
类型 标志词
举例子(by giving/providing examples) for example、for instance、like、标点符号“—”
下定义(by giving definition) that is (to say)
列数字(by listing data/statistics/figures) 具体数据或数字
做比较(by making comparisons) in comparison、compared with、in contrast
按时间顺序(by following time order) in 1960→in the 1980s→nowadays
按空间顺序(by following space order) 由远及近，由内到外
分析因果(by analyzing cause and effect) consequently、(that's) because、therefore、hence、result in
描述过程(by describing a process) first→second→third→finally
(2025新高考Ⅰ卷)Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.
How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph
A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept.
C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics.
4
【解析】 写作手法题。此段主旨是破折号前的内容，即“微塑料已成为全球普遍的污染源”，破折号后的内容起补充说明作用，对该主题进行详细举例和阐释，列举了“微塑料污染已扩散至深海和喜马拉雅山脉甚至进入人体内”等多个具体场景。故选C。
[干扰项排除] A、B、D项属于无中生有，因为文中既没有引用专家的话或提供数据，也没有对“微塑料”进行概念上的解释。
5. 文章后续发展题——锚定结尾定线索
推断维度 关键技巧 具体示例
锁定体裁 记叙文：
聚焦冲突解决 结尾：Lily argued with her mother and ran out.
后续：妈妈寻找莉莉或两人和解的过程
说明文：
延伸说明对象特征 结尾：This plant can survive in deserts.
后续：解释其适应沙漠的特殊结构(如深根、储水能力)
议论文(观点类)：
聚焦论点与论据的关系 结尾：Online education should be further promoted.
后续：可能补充具体推广措施或成功案例
推断维度 关键技巧 具体示例
拆解逻辑 因果逻辑：补全“果” 结尾：The river was polluted, so many fish died.
后续：说明鱼死亡对生态的影响
对比逻辑：引入“另一方” 结尾：Smartphones bring convenience. However, ...
后续：讨论智能手机的弊端(如使人上瘾、泄露隐私)
锚定结尾 紧扣结尾“钩子”(问题/动作/对比) 结尾：What caused the ancient city to disappear
后续：分析具体原因(如自然灾害、战争)
确保内容“无缝衔接” 结尾：He pressed the red button, and everything went dark.
后续：描述黑暗中的情况或按钮的作用
(2025河北石家庄实验中学一模)“In addition to wearables, these devices could be useful in other applications，” Malakooti said. One idea involves using these devices with electronics that get hot. “You can imagine sticking these devices onto warm electronics and using that extra heat to power small sensors，” Malakooti said. “This could be especially helpful in data centres, where servers and computing equipment consume substantial electricity and generate heat, requiring even more electricity to keep them cool. Plus, these devices also work backwards, in that adding electricity allows them to heat or cool surfaces, which opens up another avenue for applications.”
What might be talked about in the following paragraph
A. The disadvantages of the new device.
B. The methods of using the new device.
C. The reasons for applying the new device.
D. The prospect of employing the new device in more fields.
5
[干扰项排除] A项属于过度推理。结尾以opens up another avenue结束，是乐观展望，突然转向缺点会破坏逻辑连贯性。B项混淆了“应用场景”与“使用方法”，忽略了结尾的逻辑推进。C项属于偏离主旨，结尾句中的opens up another avenue更指向未来前景而非原因分析。
【解析】 文章后续发展题。根据最后一段可知，研究者提到除了可穿戴领域，新设备还能用于其他场景。特别举例该设备在数据中心的应用潜力，并指出其“反向工作”特性(通电可加热/冷却表面)带来了更多应用可能。D项“新设备在更多领域的应用前景”与结尾“开辟更多应用途径”直接呼应，是原文信息的自然延续。故选D。
6. 文章出处题——看内容知出处
看内容知出处 介绍科研成果、发现或科普知识→a science magazine/a science report
营养、健康饮食→a health magazine
旅游景点介绍→a travel guide/brochure
新产品/影片/演出介绍→advertisement
文化教育类文章→education section
文章前有日期、地点或通讯社名称→newspaper
文中有网站链接或click等网络用语→website
时尚、名人或娱乐介绍→magazine/journal/entertainment section
人物介绍→biography/autobiography
文章涉及书或电影的作者介绍、内容梗概、人物性格评论、写作特色
→a book/film review
(2023新高考Ⅱ卷)Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists' representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books”， artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed(描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
6
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect(才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks—transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader...
【解析】 文章出处题。根据第一段第一句“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.”和第二段第一句“In this ‘book of books’，...”可知，本文介绍了一本收录近三百件来自博物馆和世界各地的收藏品的书。故选A。
Where is the text most probably taken from
A. An introduction to a book.
B. An essay on the art of writing.
C. A guidebook to a museum.
D. A review of modern paintings.
[干扰项排除] B项“一篇关于写作艺术的散文”，与本文主题不符，本文不是关于“写作艺术”的；C项“一本博物馆指南”属于推理过度，文本虽提及“博物馆的艺术品”，但核心是介绍这些艺术品被收录在某本书中，而非介绍博物馆本身或参观指南；D项“一篇现代绘画评论”，也与本文主题不符，本文不是关于“现代绘画评论的”，也属于推理过度。
7. 人物身份题——紧扣场景断职业
推断依据 关键线索词/场景
职业动作 diagnose/surgery(诊断/手术)→doctor(医生)
defend/trial(辩护/审判)→lawyer(律师)
interview/report(采访/报道)→reporter/journalist(记者)
lecture/thesis(授课/论文)→professor/teacher(教授/老师)
职业工具/服饰 brush/canvas(画笔/画布)→painter(画家) blueprint(蓝图)→architect(建筑师)
职业场所 laboratory(实验室)→researcher/professor/scientist(研究人员/教授/科学家)
operating room(手术室)→surgeon(外科医生)
courtroom(法庭)→lawyer/judge(律师/法官)
studio(画室)→artist(艺术家)
职业成果 novel/best-seller(小说/畅销书)→writer/novelist(作家/小说家)
patent/invention(专利/发明)→inventor(发明家)
(2021全国乙卷)During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction(干扰) in his open office, he said, “That's why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street—so I can focus.” His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout(布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
What can we infer about the author from the text
A. He's a news reporter. B. He's an office manager.
C. He's a professional designer. D. He's a published writer.
7
【解析】 人物身份题。原文首句提到“During an interview for one of my books(在为我的一本书做采访时)”，直接表明作者有已出版的著作，符合“published writer(已发表作品的作家)”的身份特征。故选D。
[干扰项排除] A项忽略了采访的目的，误将场景关联等同于职业特征。B项过度扩展场景范围，将“提及办公室环境”错误关联为“办公室管理者”的身份。C项误将“提及设计相关词汇”等同于“从事设计职业”，忽略职业核心行为的缺失。
8. 人物评价题——看言行知人品
看言行 留意文中涉及该人物的言行、经历或心理活动的句子，尤其是其中的动词、名词、形容词和副词
知人品 根据文中对言行的具体描述，推断其性格、人品等。如：
经常帮助他人→kind/helpful
做事坚持不懈→determined/strong-willed
值得他人信任→reliable
有远大理想或追求→ambitious/aggressive
(2024新高考Ⅰ卷)“I am not crazy，” says Dr William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture(针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his co-workers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he'll have the last laugh. He's one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians(兽医) now practising “holistic” medicine—combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic(按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.
What do some of Farber's co-workers think of him
A. He's odd. B. He's strict.
C. He's brave. D. He's rude.
8
【解析】 人物评价题。题干询问Farber的同事对他的看法，需锁定原文相关描述。根据第三句“If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his co-workers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.”可知，同事认为Farber的做法不常见，这对应了A项odd(古怪的，奇怪的)。故选A。
[干扰项排除] B项strict(严格的)、C项brave(勇敢的)和D项rude(粗鲁的)均未在文中提及，属于无中生有。
描述人物品德、性格的常见词汇：
open-minded思想开明的 easy-going随和的
organized有条理的 aggressive好强的
energetic精力充沛的 ambitious有雄心的
disciplined守纪律的 generous慷慨的
bad-tempered易怒的 greedy贪婪的
caring体贴人的 humorous幽默的
competent能胜任的 considerate考虑周到的
thoughtful体贴的 courageous/brave勇敢的
creative有创造力的 reliable可信赖的
determined坚决的 strong-willed意志坚强的
independent独立的 demanding要求高的
odd古怪的 strict严格的
要词积累