高考英语二轮复习专题1语法填空第4节锦上添花的三大从句课件

(共33张PPT)
专题一
语法填空
第二类　无提示词
第四节　锦上添花的三大从句
定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句三大从句是高考语法填空的重点和难点，也是易错点。做题时要认真分析句子成分，先判断设空处是否引导从句，再看它引导的是哪一种从句，然后根据连(接)词的种类和功能来确定答案。
易错点1：如何确定定语从句的关系词
类别 易错训练
关系
代词
【解析】　which　考查定语从句。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Go, 指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which引导。
1. (2025新高考Ⅰ卷)An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ______ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
which
类别 易错训练
关系
代词
【解析】　which/that　考查定语从句。此处引导定语从句，先行词是the Silk Route，指物，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填which/that。
2. (2024新高考Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing(追溯) the steps along the Silk Route __________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
which/that
类别 易错训练
关系
代词
【解析】　who　考查定语从句。先行词是Tang Xianzu，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导非限制性定语从句。故填who。
3. (2024新高考Ⅱ卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating(纪念) Tang Xianzu, ____ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”， add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown.
who
4. (2024全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the largest United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, ________ became a national monument in 1978, took the honours as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
which
【解析】　which　考查定语从句。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Wrangell-Saint Elias，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故填which。
类别 易错训练
关系
代词
【解析】　as　考查定语从句。此处指代整个主句的内容，引导非限制性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。
5. (2023全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ___ Rachel Carson says in A Fable for Tomorrow.
as
类别 易错训练
关系
代词
6. (2023全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place __________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
which/that
【解析】　which/that　考查定语从句。此处引导定语从句，先行词是a place，且关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
类别 技法总结
关系
代词 1.关系代词确定方法
① 先行词指人且关系词在从句中作主语时，用关系词that/who。
② 先行词指人且关系词在从句中作宾语时，用关系词that/who/whom，也可以不填。
③ 先行词指物且关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，用关系词that/which。
④ 先行词指人或物且关系词在从句中作定语时，用关系词whose。
⑤ 非限制性定语从句不能用关系词that引导。
⑥ 在非限制性定语从句中，如果先行词是前面的整个句子或句子的一部分，用关系词as或which。as意为“正如”；which意为“这一点，这件事”。
类别 技法总结
关系
代词 2. 只用关系代词that不用which的情况
① 当先行词是不定代词all、much、little、something、everything、anything、nothing、none、the one等时。
② 当先行词前面有the only、the very、any、few、little、no、all等词修饰时。
③ 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。
④ 当先行词被序数词修饰时。
⑤ 当先行词既有人又有物时。
⑥ 当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
类别 技法总结
关系
代词 3.只用关系代词which的情况
① 在非限制性定语从句中且先行词是物。
② 在介词后面。如The house in which we live is very old.
4. 只用关系代词who的情况
① 当先行词是指人的代词如he、she、someone、anyone、those时。
② 非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时用who。
类别 易错训练
关系
副词
【解析】　where　考查定语从句。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the countryside of Zhejiang，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导。
7. (2025新高考Ⅱ卷)Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, ________ bamboo and tea bushes(灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn't exist.
where
类别 易错训练
关系
副词
【解析】　where　考查定语从句。先行词是town，定语从句中缺少地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。
8. (2023全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America ______ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful coexistence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
where
9. She has worked as a tour guide and vendor(小贩) in Yangshuo since 1998, ______ the area became popular with foreign backpackers and organized tours.
when
【解析】　when　考查定语从句。先行词是1998，定语从句中缺少时间状语，用关系副词when引导。故填when。
类别 易错训练
关系
副词
【解析】　why　考查定语从句。先行词是reason，定语从句中缺少原因状语，用关系副词why引导。故填why。
10. The reason _____ the 12th lunar month is called layue has a lot to do with the custom of sacrifice.
why
11. Regretfully, around the world, especially in countries_______ there is fighting or great poverty, many wonderful sites are still endangered.
where
【解析】　where　考查定语从句。此处引导定语从句，先行词是countries，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。
类别 技法总结
关系
副词 5.关系副词确定方法
① 先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词且关系词在从句中作状语时，用关系副词when、where或why。
② 表“地点化”的名词作先行词且关系词在从句中作状语时用关系副词where引导。这些词有job、work、career、position、point、atmosphere、activity、situation、case等。
类别 易错训练
介词
＋
关系词
【解析】　which　考查定语从句。此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是different types of quyi performance，指物，关系词在从句中作介词among的宾语，故填which。
12. There are many different types of quyi performance in China, such as dagu, pingshu and shuanghuang, among ________ the crosstalk is most popular.
which
13. The old lady had one son and two daughters, none of ________ treated her well, which made her very sad.
whom
【解析】　whom　考查定语从句。此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是one son and two daughters，指人，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，故填whom。
类别 易错训练
介词
＋
关系词
14. They thanked Tom, without _______ support they would not have succeeded.
whose
【解析】　whose　考查定语从句。先行词是Tom，指人，且关系词在从句中作定语，故填whose。
类别 技法总结
介词
＋
关系词 6.如果先行词指人，用whom；如果先行词指物，用which；如果先行词指人或物，且关系词在从句中作定语，则用whose。
7. 介词根据以下原则来确定：
① 根据与先行词的搭配判断。
② 根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配判断。
③ 根据定语从句中形容词的搭配判断。
④ 根据定语从句的句意判断。
易错点2：如何确定名词性从句的连接词
类别 易错训练
that和
whether/if
【解析】　whether/if　考查宾语从句。此处引导宾语从句，且在从句中表示“是否”的意思。故填whether/if。
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。分析句子结构，先找出主句的谓语动词，谓语动词之前的从句为主语从句，动词或介词后的从句为宾语从句，系动词后的从句为表语从句，位于名词之后且对名词内容加以解释说明的从句为同位语从句。判断出从句类型以后，再根据以下技法确定连接词。
1. (2022浙江1月卷)Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ___________ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed.
whether/if
类别 易错训练
that和
whether/if
【解析】　that　考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容，故填that。
2. (2019全国Ⅰ卷)While they are rare north of 88°， there is evidence _____ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
that
类别 技法总结
that和
whether/if 1.当从句不缺任何成分时，所填连接词也没有任何意思，要考虑连接词that；若表示“是否”的意思，一般考虑连接词whether；if只引导动词后的宾语从句，不能引导介词后的宾语从句或与or not连用。
类别 易错训练
连接
代词
【解析】　what　考查表语从句。is后接表语从句，且从句中缺少主语，指物，故用what引导，表示“……的事情”。
3. (2025北京卷)The truth, though, is _______ could be guessed—there's never anyone else here. Just me, Nick, and the quiet forest.
what
4. (2024全国甲卷)On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ______ is now northwestern Wyoming.
what
【解析】　what　考查宾语从句。空格处引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，且从句缺少主语，指物，故填what。
类别 技法总结
连接
代词 2.若从句缺少主语、宾语或表语，要用连接代词what、who、whom、which、whose、whatever等。
类别 易错训练
连接
副词
【解析】　where　考查宾语从句。句意：据推测，贾湖人离开家乡到别处定居，尽管没有迹象表明定居点可能在哪里。介词短语as to (关于)后接宾语从句；表地点，在从句中作表语，用连接副词where。故填where。
5. It is assumed that the Jiahu people left their home to settle elsewhere, even though there is no indication as to ________ that might have been.
where
6. Chinese New Year is a celebration marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is ____ decorating with plants, fruits and flowers carries special significance.
why
【解析】　why　考查表语从句。空格处引导表语从句。根据句意可知，从句缺少原因状语。故填why。
类别 易错训练
连接
副词
【解析】　how　考查宾语从句。figure out后接宾语从句，此处用how修饰形容词thick，表示程度。故填how。
7. As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ________ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
how
类别 技法总结
连接
副词 3.若从句不缺主语、宾语或表语，但缺少状语，用连接副词where(表示地点)、when(表示时间)、how(表示方式或程度)、why(表示原因)，根据句意选择合适的连接副词。
类别 易错训练 技法总结
形式主语
和形式宾
语it 4. 在名词性从句中，有时用it作形式主语或形式宾语，真正的主语或宾语是后面的从句。
【解析】　that　考查主语从句。it作形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。故填that。
8. It is reported ______ the temperature will decline sharply in one or two days.
that
9. I considered it a privilege ______ I would deliver a speech standing here on behalf of our school.
that
【解析】　that　考查宾语从句。it作形式宾语，that引导的从句是真正的宾语。故填that。
易错点3：如何确定状语从句的连词
类别 易错训练
状语从句的连词
【解析】　If/When　考查条件/时间状语从句。句意：如果你骑自行车/当你骑自行车的时候你是不用汽油的。由句意可知，用if或when引导条件/时间状语从句。故填If/When。
1. (2022全国乙卷) ________ you ride a bicycle, you don't use petrol.
If/When
2. (2021全国甲卷)In my opinion, ________________ in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust mostly.
when/whenever
【解析】　when/whenever　考查时间状语从句。句意：在我看来，当我们有麻烦时，我们应该向我们最信任的人寻求帮助。根据句意可知，此处引导时间状语从句，故填when/whenever。
类别 易错训练
状语从句的连词
【解析】　When/As　考查时间状语从句。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。此处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词，不能用while引导，故填When/As。
3. (2020全国Ⅲ卷)__________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
When/As
类别 易错训练
状语从句的连词
【解析】　as　考查时间状语从句。句意：随着人口的增长，人们把食物切成小块，这样可以煮得快一点。as在此处表示“随着”，引导时间状语从句，故填as。
4. (2016全国Ⅲ卷)Over time, ___ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
as
5. He realized that it was important to do all that he wanted to do without postponing them, ________ it was fixing a friendship that had problems or going on an adventurous vacation.
whether
【解析】　whether　考查让步状语从句。此处用“whether... or...”引导让步状语从句，表示“无论……还是……”，故填whether。
类别 易错训练
状语从句的连词
【解析】　so　考查结果状语从句。so...that...表示“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。
6. (2022全国甲卷)The disagreement was ___ sharp that neither he nor I knew how to settle it.
so
7. (2019全国Ⅲ卷)On our way to the house, it was raining ___ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there.
so
【解析】　so　考查结果状语从句。so...that...引导结果状语从句。故填so。
类别 易错训练
状语从句的连词
【解析】　While/Though/Although　考查让步状语从句。此处是让步状语从句的省略句式，补充完整为While/Though/Although (he is) not an economist himself。故填While/Though/Although。
8. _______________________ not an economist himself, Dr Smith has long been a severe critic of the government's economic policies.
While/Though/Although
类别 技法总结
状语从句的连词
1.常见的状语从句的连词有：
① 时间状语从句：when、while、as、before、after、until、till、as soon as、the moment、immediately、instantly、since、every/each time、next/last time、by the time、once等。
② 地点状语从句：where、wherever等。
③ 原因状语从句：because、since、as、now that、in that等。
④ 条件状语从句：if、unless、as/so long as等。
⑤ 目的状语从句：in order that、so that、in order to、so as to等。
⑥ 结果状语从句：so that、so...that、such...that等。注意：名词前有many、much、few、little时用so。
⑦ 比较状语从句：than、as...as、not so/as...as。
⑧ 方式状语从句：as if、as though、as等。
⑨ 让步状语从句：though、although、while、even if、even though、as、“no matter＋疑问词”“疑问词＋-ever”。
类别 技法总结
状语从句的连词 2. 状语从句的省略：
① 在时间、条件、让步、比较状语从句中，如果主句与从句的主语一致，且从句谓语部分含有be动词时，可省略主语和be动词。
② 在虚拟条件状语从句中，如果从句中有had(助动词)、should或were时，可省略if，把had(助动词)、should或were移至主语前。虚拟语气在语法填空中通常不考，但写作中常用。
3. 状语从句的时态：
① 主将从现：当主句表达将来含义时，条件、时间和让步状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
② 在since引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词通常用一般过去时，而主句主语不是it时，主句常用现在完成时，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响。