/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
第22讲 九年级下 Modules5--6
重 点 单 词 与 词 汇 拓 展 1. agreement (n.) 协议;协定→ disagreement (n.) 异议;反对意见;分歧 ★ reach an agreement 达成协议;取得一致意见 2. blind (adj.) 失明的;瞎的 3. expect (v.) 预料;预计;期盼;等待 ★ expect (sb.) to do sth. 期望(某人)做某事 4. require (v.) 需要→ requirement (n.) 要求;需求 ★ require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 5. physical (adj.) 身体的;体力的;物理的 6. effort (n.) 力气,精力;努力;尽力;艰难的尝试 ★ make an effort to do sth. 努力做某事 7. harm (v.) 损害;伤害 (n.) 损害;伤害→ harmful (adj.) 有害的 ★ be harmful to 对……有害 8. invite (v.) 邀请→ invitation (n.) 邀请;请柬 ★ invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 ★ invite sb. to sp. 邀请某人去某地 9. calendar (n.) 日历;历书 10. balloon (n.) 气球 11. paint (v.) 绘画→ painting (n.) 绘画;油画→ painter (n.) 画家 12. heat (v.) 使变热;给……加热 (n.) 高温;热度;热量 ★ heat up 使变热;给……加热 13. knife (n.) 餐刀;刀具→ knives (pl.) 14. fork (n.) 餐叉 15. spoon (n.) 匙;勺子 16. Italian (adj.) 意大利的;意大利语的;意大利人的 (n.) 意大利语;意大利人 17. West (n.) 西方(尤指西欧和北美)→ Western (adj.) 西方的→ Westerner (n.) 西方人 18. serve (v.) 端上(食物和饮料);服侍……进餐;(为……)工作,服务;履行义务→ service (n.) 公共服务;服务 ★ serve sth. to sb. / serve sb. with sth. 用某物来招待某人 19. similar (adj.) 相似的 ★ be similar to 与……相似 20. wing (n.) 翅膀;翼 21. lady (n.) 女士;夫人;小姐→ ladies (pl.) 22. gentleman (n.) 先生;男士→ gentlemen (pl.) 23. cross (adj.) 生气的 (v.) 穿过 (n.) 叉字形记号;十字架
重 点 短 语 1. wait for 等待；等候 2. for example 例如 3. fall over 跌倒 4. catch up 赶上 5. in a few minutes 几分钟后 6. at the back of the group 在队伍的后面 7. have an agreement to stay together 约好待在一起 8. have an accident 发生意外 9. run down the steps 跑着下台阶 10. go blind 失明 11. had better do sth. 最好做某事 12. get sb. to hospital 送某人去医院 13. call for help on my mobile 用我的手机求救 14. nothing serious 没什么严重的 15. call off 取消；决定终止 16. thanks to 多亏；归功于 17. live healthier and longer lives 活得更健康并且更长寿 18. expect to do sth. 期待做某事 19. in the nineteenth century 在19世纪 20. celebrate their hundredth birthdays 庆祝他们的100岁生日 21. sit on the sofa 坐在沙发上 22. get off the sofa 从沙发上下来 23. keep fit 保持健康 24. require more physical effort 需要更多的体力劳动 25. at the same time 同时 26. the same amount of exercise 等量的锻炼 27. eat healthy food 吃健康食品 28. once in a while 偶尔；有时；间或 29. eight hours' sleep 八个小时的睡眠 30. harm your health 损害你的健康 31. be worried about… 担心…… 32. say no to smoking 拒绝吸烟 33. health care 医疗保健(服务) 34. help yourself 随便做(或用)吧；请自便 35. be used for sth. 被用于某事 36. the school-leavers' party 学校毕业聚会 37. the school calendar 校历 38. on the 30th of May 在5月30日 39. play the dance music 播放舞曲 40. paint some pictures 画几幅画 41. prepare a traditional dish 准备一道传统菜肴 42. heat up 使变热；给……加热 43. in the school kitchen 在学校食堂 44. hot and sour soup 酸辣汤 45. a traditional English pizza with cheese, tomato and ham 用奶酪、番茄和火腿做成的英国传统比萨 46. eat Western food 吃西餐 47. in some Western countries 在一些西方国家 48. in Spain 在西班牙 49. at the start of a meal 在用餐开始时 50. nothing similar 没有相似的(说法) 51. in your left hand 在你的左手里 52. with your fingers 用你的手指 53. finish eating 吃完
重 点 句 型 1. He fell over when he was running down the steps. 当他正跑着下台阶时摔倒了。 2. We'd better get you to hospital. 我们最好把你送到医院去。 3. Thanks to better health care, most people are living healthier and longer lives. 由于有了更完善的医疗保健，大多数人生活得更健康并且更长寿了。 4. Someone who is born today can expect to live about thirty-five years longer than someone who was born in the nineteenth century. 现在出生的人有望比19世纪出生的人多活约35年。 5. … it is comfortable to sit on the sofa and watch TV. ……坐在沙发上看电视会很舒服。 6. To keep fit, you have to walk at least 10,000 steps every day. 为了保持健康，你必须每天至少走一万步。 7. It is even thought that in the future more and more people will celebrate their hundredth birthdays. 甚至有人认为将来会有越来越多的人庆祝他们的百岁生日。 8. It'll be held on the 30th of May. 它将于5月30日举行。 9. The teachers have asked everyone to prepare a traditional dish from their home country. 老师们让每个人准备一道自己国家的传统菜肴。 10. Oh, soup's no good… 哦，汤不行…… 11. We often say, "When in Rome, do as the Romans do." 我们常说：“入乡随俗。” 12. However, there is some food which you can eat with your fingers, such as chicken wings and hamburgers. 但是有些食物你可以用手拿着吃，例如鸡翅和汉堡。 13. … it is not polite if you leave as soon as you finish eating. ……如果你一吃完就离开是不礼貌的。 14. Remember that it is polite to say that you enjoy every dish when it is served… 记住在上菜时你要表示喜欢每一道菜，这是有礼貌的…… 15. When the food is served, you should wait until you're invited to eat. 当食物上桌后，你应该等到受到邀请时再吃饭。
知识点
考点一：Let’s wait for the others. 咱们等一下其他人吧。
◆ 辨析
other ：形容词，意为“其他的”，表示泛指概念，后面必须接可数名词复数形式，用来修饰名词。例如：We should learn from other countries. 我们应该向其他国家学习。
the other ：有两种常见用法，第一种是作形容词，后接可数名词复数，特指某一范围内“其余的全部人或物”；第二种是常用于 one...the other... 的固定结构，专门指代两者中的另一个。例如：I have three pens. One is red, and the other two are blue. 我有三支钢笔，一支是红色的，另外两支是蓝色的。He has two brothers. One is a doctor, the other is a teacher. 他有两个兄弟，一个是医生，另一个是老师。
others：代词，意为“另一些”，同样表示泛指，后面不能再接名词，它的用法相当于 other + 复数名词 。例如：Some students are reading, others are writing. 一些学生在看书，另一些在写字。
the others ：代词，意为“其余的全部”，表示特指，指代的是某一特定范围内除了部分之外剩下的全部人或物，后面也不能接名词。例如：There are 50 students in our class. 30 are boys, the others are girls. 我们班有50个学生，30个是男生，其余的都是女生。
another 作形容词或代词，泛指三者或三者以上中的“另一个”，只能修饰或指代可数名词单数；另外，它还有“再、又”的含义，可用于 another + 数词 + 复数名词 的结构。例如：I don’t like this shirt. Please show me another. 我不喜欢这件衬衫，请再给我拿一件。I need another three days to finish the work. 我还需要三天时间来完成这项工作。
◆精题巧练
1. One reason is that penguin eggs are eaten by other seabirds and animals. ______ is that the sea ice is melting because of global warming.
A. another B. other C. others D. the others
答案：A
解析：another 用于指代三者及以上中的“另一个”，此处指代众多原因里的另一个，符合语境。
2. I have two cousins. One is studying in Beijing, and ______ is working in Shanghai.
A. other B. the other C. others D. another
答案：B
解析：one...the other... 是固定结构，专门用于指代“两者中的另一个”，契合 two cousins 的语境。
3. Some students are reading books in the library, while ______ are playing on the playground.
A. other B. the other C. others D. the others
答案：C
解析：others 是代词，表泛指“另一些人或物”，相当于 other students，后面无需接名词，符合句子结构。
4. There are 40 students in our class. 25 of them are girls, and ______ are boys.
A. other B. the other C. others D. the others
答案：D
解析：the others 表特指，指代某一范围内“剩余的全部”，此处特指班级里除女生外的所有男生。
5. I don't like this T-shirt. Please show me ______ one.
A. other B. the other C. others D. another
答案：D
解析：another 泛指三者及以上中的“另一个”，可修饰单数名词 one，符合“再拿一件T恤”的语境。
考点二： They’ll catch up in a few minutes. 他们几分钟后就会赶上。
◆ 辨析
1、in + 一段时间 表示“在……之后”，这个时间是从现在算起的将来时间段，所以这个结构只能用于一般将来时，对这个结构提问时要用 how soon 。
例如：He will come back in a week. 他一周后会回来。
2、 after + 一段时间 表示“在……之后”，这个时间通常是从过去的某个时间点算起的，因此常用于一般过去时；需要注意的是，当 after 后面接的是具体的时间点时，它也可以用于将来时。
例如：She left the city after two days. 两天后她离开了这座城市。
I’ll go to the park after 3 o’clock. 三点后我要去公园。
◆精题巧练
1. — How soon will your father come back from Beijing
— He will come back ______ three days.
A. in B. after C. for D. at
答案：A
解析：in + 一段时间用于一般将来时，表示从现在算起的"在……之后"，且how soon专门对这个结构提问，符合语境。
2. She went to the park ______ two hours and then returned home.
A. in B. after C. before D. since
答案：B
解析：after + 一段时间用于一般过去时，表示从过去某个时间点算起的"在……之后"，这里与went（过去式）搭配，符合语法规则。
3. We will have a sports meeting ______ 3 o'clock this afternoon.
A. in B. after C. on D. for
答案：B
解析：after + 具体时间点可用于将来时，表示"在……时间点之后"，3 o'clock是具体时间点，用after符合语法。
4. — When will you finish your homework
— I will finish it ______ an hour.
A. in B. after C. at D. during
答案：A
解析：in + 一段时间用于一般将来时，是固定用法，表示"在一小时后"完成作业，符合语境。
5. He left the company ______ five years and never came back.
A. in B. after C. for D. since
答案：B
解析：after + 一段时间用于一般过去时，这里与left（过去式）搭配，表示"五年后离开了公司"，符合语法规则。
考点三： Thanks to better health care, most people are living healthier and longer lives. 多亏了更完善的医疗保健，大多数人生活得更健康并且更长寿。
◆ 辨析
1、thanks to 意为“多亏；归功于”，后面接的内容是导致某个结果的原因，这个原因可以是正面的，也可以是负面的，它在句子中作状语，相当于 because of 或者 with the help of 。
例如：Thanks to his help, I passed the exam successfully. 多亏了他的帮助，我成功通过了考试。
2、thanks for 意为“因……而感谢”，后面接的是感谢的具体对象，这个对象可以是名词、代词，也可以是动名词形式，它的用法相当于 thank you for 。
例如：Thanks for giving me such a good suggestion. 谢谢你给我这么好的建议。
◆精题巧练
1. — ______ your help, I couldn't have finished the work so quickly.
— You're welcome.
A. Thanks to B. Thanks for C. Because D. As
答案：A
解析：thanks to 表“多亏；归功于”，后接名词短语表原因；because和as后需接完整句子，thanks for 表“因……感谢”，均不符合语境。
2. ______ the government's efforts, many poor families have got their new houses.
A. Thanks to B. Thanks for C. Instead of D. As for
答案：A
解析：thanks to 用于引出正面结果的原因，此处指“多亏政府的努力”，符合“贫困家庭分到新房”的逻辑；其他选项均不表原因。
3. — ______ inviting me to your birthday party. I really had a good time.
— You're welcome.
A. Thanks to B. Thanks for C. Because of D. As a result of
答案：B
解析：thanks for 后接动名词（inviting），表“因做某事而感谢”，是固定用法；thanks to 后接名词表原因，不符合此处感谢的语境。
4. ______ his teacher's encouragement, he finally decided to take part in the English speech contest.
A. Thanks to B. Thanks for C. Without D. Except for
答案：A
解析：thanks to 表“由于”，强调老师的鼓励是他决定参赛的原因；without 表否定，except for 表排除，均不符合句意。
5. Many thanks ______ giving me the chance to visit your school.
A. to B. for C. with D. from
答案：B
解析：many thanks for doing sth. 是固定搭配，意为“因做某事深表感谢”，for 后接感谢的具体内容。
考点四：Knives and forks are used for most Western food. 刀叉被用于大多数西餐中。
◆ 辨析
1、 be used for 表示“被用于……”，介词 for 后面接名词或者动名词，用来明确事物的用途或者使用目的，它的主动形式是 use sth. for doing sth. 。
例如：This machine is used for cutting paper. 这台机器是用来切纸的。
2、 be used as 表示“被用作……”，介词 as 后面接名词，用来强调事物被当作某种工具、物品或者身份来使用。
例如：This room can be used as a meeting room. 这个房间可以被用作会议室。
3、 be used by 表示“被……使用”，介词 by 后面接动作的执行者，也就是使用这个事物的人或者组织。
例如：This computer is used by our teacher every day. 这台电脑每天都被我们老师使用。
◆精题巧练
1. This printer ______ printing all kinds of documents in our office.
A. is used for B. is used as C. is used by D. used to
答案：A
解析：be used for 后接动名词表用途，此处 printing 是打印机的用途，符合“打印机被用于打印文件”的语境。
2. In some poor areas, the old classroom ______ a storage room now.
A. is used for B. is used as C. is used by D. uses for
答案：B
解析：be used as 后接名词表“被用作某物”，此处 old classroom 被当作 storage room，强调事物的功能转化。
3. The new smart phones ______ most young people in our city because of their good design.
A. are used for B. are used as C. are used by D. used as
答案：C
解析：be used by 后接动作执行者，此处 most young people 是使用智能手机的主体，符合语法规则。
4. A dictionary is a useful book that ______ looking up new words.
A. is used to B. is used as C. is used by D. is used for
答案：D
解析：looking up new words 是字典的用途，be used for 后接动名词，契合“字典被用于查生词”的句意。
5. These glass bottles ______ flower vases after being cleaned carefully.
A. are used for B. are used as C. are used by D. use as
答案：B
解析：flower vases 是玻璃瓶被利用后的新身份，be used as 后接名词表“被用作花瓶”，符合语境。
考点五：That means you eat it with your fingers, not with a knife, fork or spoon. 那就是说你用手拿着吃，而不是用刀、叉或勺子。
◆ 辨析
1、 with 作为介词，意为“用……”，后面接的是具体的工具、身体部位或者某种手段，强调的是使用的具体物件。
例如：We write with pens and we see with our eyes. 我们用笔写字，用眼睛看东西。
2、 in 作为介词，意为“用……”，后面接的是语言、声音、材料或者方式等。
例如：Can you say it in English 你能用英语说吗？
The desk is made in wood. 这张桌子是用木头做的。
◆精题巧练
1. We usually write ______ pens or pencils in our daily study.
A. with B. in C. by D. through
答案：A
解析：pens or pencils 是写字的具体工具，with 后接具体工具表“用……”，符合语境。
2. Can you tell this interesting story ______ English to your classmates
A. with B. in C. on D. at
答案：B
解析：in 后接语言表示“用某种语言”，in English 是固定搭配，意为“用英语”。
3. People in some countries like to eat bread ______ their hands instead of tableware.
A. with B. in C. by D. for
答案：A
解析：their hands 是吃饭的具体身体部位工具，with 后可接身体部位表“用……”，符合句意。
4. The notice on the wall is written ______ black ink so that everyone can see it clearly.
A. with B. in C. by D. from
答案：B
解析：in 后接墨水、颜料等材料表示“用某种材料”，in black ink 意为“用黑墨水”，是固定用法。
5. My little sister likes to draw beautiful pictures ______ a colored pencil.
A. in B. with C. for D. as
答案：B
解析：a colored pencil 是画画的具体工具，with 后接具体工具表“用……”，符合语法规则。
考点六： The guests cannot see either... 客人们也无法看见……
◆ 辨析
1、 either 用于否定句中，意为“也”，通常放在句子的末尾，前面可以加逗号，也可以不加逗号；另外，它还有“两者中的任何一个”的含义。
例如：I don’t like coffee, and I don’t like tea either. 我不喜欢咖啡，也不喜欢茶。
You can take either of the two books. 这两本书你可以拿任意一本。
2、too 用于肯定句或者一般疑问句中，意为“也”，位置在句子末尾，前面一般会加逗号隔开。
例如：He likes playing basketball, too. 他也喜欢打篮球。
Do you like music too 你也喜欢音乐吗？
3、also 常用于肯定句中，意为“也”，位置比较固定，要放在连系动词、助动词或者情态动词的后面，放在行为动词的前面。
例如：She is also a student. 她也是一名学生。
He also wants to go to the cinema. 他也想去看电影。
4、as well 用于肯定句中，意为“也”，位置在句子末尾，前面不需要加逗号，用法和too比较接近，但语气比 too 更口语化一些。
例如：I am good at English, and I am good at math as well. 我擅长英语，也擅长数学。
◆精题巧练
1. I don't like swimming, and I don't like running ______.
A. either B. too C. also D. as well
答案：A
解析：本句为否定句，either 用于否定句末尾表“也”，符合“既不喜欢游泳也不喜欢跑步”的语境。
2. Lucy is good at playing the piano, and she ______ does well in drawing.
A. either B. too C. also D. as well
答案：C
解析：本句为肯定句，also 需放在行为动词 does 前面，用来表示“也”，符合语法规则。
3. My brother likes watching cartoons, and he likes playing football, ______.
A. either B. too C. also D. as well as
答案：B
解析：本句为肯定句，too 用于句末且前面加逗号表“也”；as well as 是连词，表“和”，不符合此处用法。
4. You can choose ______ of the two magazines. They are both very interesting.
A. either B. too C. also D. as well
答案：A
解析：either 在此处表“两者中的任何一个”，契合“两本杂志选任意一本”的语境。
5. Lily can sing English songs very well, and she can dance ______.
A. either B. too C. also D. as well
答案：D
解析：本句为肯定句，as well 用于句末且前面不加逗号表“也”，语气比 too 更口语化，符合句子结构。
考点七： Preparation of a big meal takes a long time... 准备一顿大餐需要花费很长时间……
◆ 辨析
1、 take 表示“花费（时间、精力等）”，主语通常是 it 或者具体的事物，常用的固定句型是 It takes (sb.) some time to do sth. ，意思是“做某事花费某人多长时间”。
例如：It takes me an hour to finish my homework every day. 我每天花一个小时完成作业。
The trip took us three days. 这次旅行花了我们三天时间。
2、spend 表示“花费（时间、金钱）”，主语必须是人，常用的句型有两个，一个是 sb. spends some time/money on sth. ，表示“某人在某物上花费时间或金钱”；另一个是 sb. spends some time/money (in) doing sth. ，表示“某人花费时间或金钱做某事”，其中的 in 可以省略。
例如：She spends two hours on her English every day. 她每天花两个小时学英语。
He spends a lot of money buying books. 他花很多钱买书。
3、cost 表示“花费（金钱）”，主语必须是物或者某种活动，常用句型是 sth. costs (sb.) some money ，意思是“某物花费某人多少钱”，注意这个单词不能用于花费时间的表达。
例如：This new bike cost me 500 yuan. 这辆新自行车花了我500元。
4、pay 表示“支付（金钱）”，主语是人，常用句型是 sb. pays some money for sth. ，表示“某人为某物支付多少钱”，它的宾语通常是金钱。
例如：My father paid 2000 yuan for this TV set. 我爸爸买这台电视机花了2000元。
◆精题巧练
1. It usually ______ her about 20 minutes to walk to school every day.
A. takes B. spends C. costs D. pays
答案：A
解析：本题考查 It takes (sb.) some time to do sth. 的固定句型，该句型中主语为it，用于表达“做某事花费某人多长时间”，符合本句语境。
2. My cousin ______ a lot of time ______ playing basketball after school.
A. takes; in B. spends; on C. spends; in D. takes; on
答案：C
解析：主语my cousin是人，符合spend的用法要求；spend some time (in) doing sth. 是固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”，其中in可以省略，因此选C。
3. This new dictionary ______ me 120 yuan.
A. takes B. spends C. costs D. pays
答案：C
解析：主语this new dictionary是物，且宾语是金钱120 yuan，cost的主语必须为物，专门用于表达“某物花费某人多少钱”，符合语法规则。
4. My mother ______ 300 yuan ______ this pair of shoes last week.
A. took; for B. spent; on C. cost; for D. paid; for
答案：D
解析：主语my mother是人，pay some money for sth. 是固定搭配，意为“某人为某物支付多少钱”，契合“妈妈买鞋付钱”的语境。
5. Mr. Smith ______ two years on the development of this software.
A. takes B. spends C. costs D. pays
答案：B
解析：主语Mr. Smith是人，且宾语是时间two years，spend some time on sth. 是固定搭配，意为“某人在某事上花费时间”；take主语不能是人，cost主语是物，pay多用于金钱，因此选B。
语法点
一、六大时态综合复习
1. 一般现在时
构成：主语+am/is/are；主语+动词原形/三单
用法：经常性动作、客观事实/真理
例句：Fresh fruit is good for health.（新鲜水果有益健康）
2. 一般过去时
构成：主语+动词过去式
用法：过去某时发生的动作/状态
例句：She fell off her bike yesterday.（她昨天从自行车上摔下来）
3. 一般将来时
构成：will/be going to+动词原形
用法：将来的动作/预测；in+时间段表将来，用how soon提问
例句：They'll catch up in a few minutes.（他们几分钟后会赶上）
4. 现在进行时
构成：am/is/are+现在分词
用法：此刻正在进行的动作；位移动词表将来
例句：He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow.（他明天去北京）
5. 过去进行时
构成：was/were+现在分词
用法：过去某时刻正在进行的动作
例句：He was running when he fell.（他跑步时摔倒了）
6. 现在完成时（核心）
构成：have/has+过去分词
用法：过去动作对现在的影响；for/since等表持续，用延续性动词
延续性转换（高频考点）：leave→be away；borrow→keep；die→be dead；open→be open；return→be back
例句：I have kept this book for two weeks.（这本书我借了两周）
二、被动语态
1. 基本结构
肯定式：主语+be+过去分词(+by 执行者)
否定式：主语+be+not+过去分词
疑问式：Be+主语+过去分词
2. 常用时态被动结构
一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词；例句：Knives and forks are used for Western food.（刀叉用于西餐）
一般过去时：was/were+过去分词；例句：I was chosen to play the dance music.（我被选去放舞曲）
一般将来时：will be/be going to be+过去分词；例句：You will be served in a minute.（马上会有人为你服务）
情态动词：情态动词+be+过去分词；例句：The work must be finished today.（这项工作今天必须完成）
3. 被动语态使用场景
不知道/无需指出动作执行者；强调动作承受者；礼貌表达
4. 不用被动的情况
不及物动词（happen, appear, rise等）；系动词（look, sound, taste等）；表状态的动词（have, own, cost等）；某些固定短语（take place, break out等）
【易混点对比】
1、现在完成时vs一般过去时
现在完成时强调“现在影响/持续”；一般过去时仅表“过去发生”
2、主动语态vs被动语态
主动：主语是动作执行者；被动：主语是动作承受者
◆精题巧练
1. —______ you ______ your homework yet
—Yes. I ______ it ten minutes ago.
A. Did; finish; finished
B. Have; finished; finished
C. Have; finished; have finished
2. I ______ my hometown for three years. I really miss the people there.
A. left
B. have left
C. have been away from
3. While Tom ______ TV, his sister finished her homework.
A. watches
B. watched
C. was watching
4. A new bridge ______ in our city last year. It has improved the traffic a lot.
A. was built
B. built
C. is built
5. —Where is Lucy I haven’t seen her for a long time.
—She ______ to Canada. She will come back next month.
A. has been
B. has gone
C. went
6. These photos ______ by my sister when she was in Beijing.
A. take
B. took
C. were taken
7. —Look! Some boys ______ basketball on the playground.
—Let’s join them.
A. play
B. are playing
C. played
8. The classroom ______ every day. We can study in a clean environment.
A. cleans
B. is cleaned
C. is cleaning
9. —Must the work ______ today
—Yes. Our teacher will check it tomorrow.
A. finish
B. be finished
C. be finishing
10. My father ______ in a factory for 20 years. He knows everything about the factory.
A. works
B. worked
C. has worked
【答案及解析】
1. B
解析：yet 是现在完成时标志词，问句用 Have; finished ； ten minutes ago 是一般过去时标志，答句第二空用 finished 。
2. C
解析： for three years 是现在完成时标志， leave 是短暂性动词，需转换为延续性短语 be away from 。
3. C
解析：while 引导时间状语从句，强调主句动作发生时从句动作正在进行，用过去进行时 was watching 。
4. A
解析： bridge 和 build 是被动关系， last year 是一般过去时标志，用一般过去时被动语态 was built 。
5. B
解析：由 will come back next month 可知 Lucy 去而未归，用 has gone to ； has been to 表示“去过某地已返回”。
6. C
解析： photos 和 take 是被动关系，从句用一般过去时，主句用一般过去时被动语态 were taken 。
7. B
解析： Look! 是现在进行时标志词，强调此刻正在进行的动作，用 are playing 。
8. B
解析： classroom 和 clean 是被动关系， every day 是一般现在时标志，用一般现在时被动语态 is cleaned 。
9. B
解析： work 和 finish 是被动关系，情态动词 must 的被动结构为“情态动词+be+过去分词”，用 be finished 。
10. C
解析： for 20 years 是现在完成时标志，强调动作从过去持续到现在，用 has worked 。/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
第24讲 九年级下 Modules5--6
重 点 单 词 与 词 汇 拓 展 1. ________ (n.) 协议;协定→ ________ (n.) 异议;反对意见;分歧 ★ reach an agreement 2. ________ (adj.) 失明的;瞎的 3. ________ (v.) 预料;预计;期盼;等待 ★ expect (sb.) to do sth. 4. ________ (v.) 需→ ________ (n.) 要求;需求 ★ require sb. to do sth. 5. ________ (adj.) 身体的;体力的;物理的 6. ________ (n.) 力气,精力;努力;尽力;艰难的尝试 ★ make an effort to do sth. 7. ________ (v.) 损害;伤害 (n.) 损害;伤害→ ________ (adj.) 有害的 ★ be harmful to 8. ________ (v.) 邀请→ ________ (n.) 邀请;请柬 ★ invite sb. to do sth.；invite sb. to sp. 9. ________ (n.) 日历;历书 10. ________ (n.) 气球 11. ________ (v.) 绘画→ ________ (n.) 绘画;油画；________ (n.) 画家 12. ________ (v.) 使变热;给……加热 (n.) 高温;热度;热量 ★ heat up 13. ________ (n.) 餐刀;刀具→ ________ (pl.) 14. ________ (n.) 餐叉 15. ________ (n.) 匙;勺子 16. ________ (adj.) 意大利的;意大利语的;意大利人的 (n.) 意大利语;意大利人 17. ________ (n.) 西方(尤指西欧和北美)→ ________ (adj.) 西方的；________ (n.) 西方人 18. ________ (v.) 端上(食物和饮料);服侍……进餐;(为……)工作,服务;履行义务→ ________ (n.) 公共服务;服务 ★ serve sth. to sb. / serve sb. with sth. 19. ________ (adj.) 相似的 ★ be similar to 20. ________ (n.) 翅膀;翼 21. ________ (n.) 女士;夫人;小姐→ ________ (pl.) 22. ________ (n.) 先生;男士→ ________ (pl.) 23. ________ (adj.) 生气的 (v.) 穿过 (n.) 叉字形记号;十字架
重 点 短 语 1. ____________ 等待；等候 2. ____________ 例如 3. ____________ 跌倒 4. ____________ 赶上 5. ____________ 几分钟后 6. ____________ 在队伍的后面 7. ____________ 约好待在一起 8. ____________ 发生意外 9. ____________ 跑着下台阶 10. ____________ 失明 11. ____________ 最好做某事 12. ____________ 送某人去医院 13. ____________ 用我的手机求救 14. ____________ 没什么严重的 15. ____________ 取消；决定终止 16. ____________ 多亏；归功于 17. ____________ 活得更健康并且更长寿 18. ____________ 期待做某事 19. ____________ 在19世纪 20. ____________ 庆祝他们的100岁生日 21. ____________ 坐在沙发上 22. ____________ 从沙发上下来 23. ____________ 保持健康 24. ____________ 需要更多的体力劳动 25. ____________ 同时 26. ____________ 等量的锻炼 27. ____________ 吃健康食品 28. ____________ 偶尔；有时；间或 29. ____________ 八个小时的睡眠 30. ____________ 损害你的健康 31. ____________ 担心…… 32. ____________ 拒绝吸烟 33. ____________ 医疗保健(服务) 34. ____________ 随便做(或用)吧；请自便 35. ____________ 被用于某事 36. ____________ 学校毕业聚会 37. ____________ 校历 38. ____________ 在5月30日 39. ____________ 播放舞曲 40. ____________ 画几幅画 41. ____________ 准备一道传统菜肴 42. ____________ 使变热；给……加热 43. ____________ 在学校食堂 44. ____________ 酸辣汤 45. ____________ 用奶酪、番茄和火腿做成的英国传统比萨 46. ____________ 吃西餐 47. ____________ 在一些西方国家 48. ____________ 在西班牙 49. ____________ 在用餐开始时 50. ____________ 没有相似的(说法) 51. ____________ 在你的左手里 52. ____________ 用你的手指 53. ____________ 吃完
重 点 句 型 1. He ______ ______ when he ______ ______ ______ the steps. 当他正跑着下台阶时摔倒了。 2. We'd better ______ ______ ______ hospital. 我们最好把你送到医院去。 3. ______ ______ better health care, most people are living ______ ______ ______ ______ lives. 由于有了更完善的医疗保健，大多数人生活得更健康并且更长寿了。 4. Someone who is born today can ______ ______ live about thirty-five years longer than someone ______ ______ born in the nineteenth century. 现在出生的人有望比19世纪出生的人多活约35年。 5. …it is comfortable ______ ______ ______ the sofa and watch TV. ……坐在沙发上看电视会很舒服。 6. ______ ______ ______ ______, you have to walk ______ ______ 10,000 steps every day. 为了保持健康，你必须每天至少走一万步。 7. ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ in the future more and more people will celebrate their hundredth birthdays. 甚至有人认为将来会有越来越多的人庆祝他们的百岁生日。 8. It'll ______ ______ on the 30th of May. 它将于5月30日举行。 9. The teachers have asked everyone to ______ ______ ______ ______ from their home country. 老师们让每个人准备一道自己国家的传统菜肴。 10. Oh, soup's ______ ______. 哦，汤不行…… 11. We often say "When in Rome, do ______ ______ ______ ______." 我们常说：“入乡随俗。” 12. However, there is some food which you can ______ ______ ______ your fingers, ______ ______ chicken wings and hamburgers. 但是有些食物你可以用手拿着吃，例如鸡翅和汉堡。 13. …it is not polite if you leave as soon as you ______ ______. ……如果你一吃完就离开是不礼貌的。 14. Remember that ______ ______ ______ ______ that you enjoy every dish when it is served… 记住在上菜时你要表示喜欢每一道菜，这是有礼貌的…… 15. When the food ______ ______, you should wait until you're invited to eat. 当食物上桌后，你应该等到受到邀请时再吃饭。
知识点
考点一：Let’s wait for the others. 咱们等一下其他人吧。
◆ 辨析
other ：形容词，意为“其他的”，表示泛指概念，后面必须接可数名词复数形式，用来修饰名词。例如：We should learn from other countries. 我们应该向其他国家学习。
the other ：有两种常见用法，第一种是作形容词，后接可数名词复数，特指某一范围内“其余的全部人或物”；第二种是常用于 one...the other... 的固定结构，专门指代两者中的另一个。例如：I have three pens. One is red, and the other two are blue. 我有三支钢笔，一支是红色的，另外两支是蓝色的。He has two brothers. One is a doctor, the other is a teacher. 他有两个兄弟，一个是医生，另一个是老师。
others：代词，意为“另一些”，同样表示泛指，后面不能再接名词，它的用法相当于 other + 复数名词 。例如：Some students are reading, others are writing. 一些学生在看书，另一些在写字。
the others ：代词，意为“其余的全部”，表示特指，指代的是某一特定范围内除了部分之外剩下的全部人或物，后面也不能接名词。例如：There are 50 students in our class. 30 are boys, the others are girls. 我们班有50个学生，30个是男生，其余的都是女生。
another 作形容词或代词，泛指三者或三者以上中的“另一个”，只能修饰或指代可数名词单数；另外，它还有“再、又”的含义，可用于 another + 数词 + 复数名词 的结构。例如：I don’t like this shirt. Please show me another. 我不喜欢这件衬衫，请再给我拿一件。I need another three days to finish the work. 我还需要三天时间来完成这项工作。
◆精题巧练
1. One reason is that penguin eggs are eaten by other seabirds and animals. ______ is that the sea ice is melting because of global warming.
A. another B. other C. others D. the others
2. I have two cousins. One is studying in Beijing, and ______ is working in Shanghai.
A. other B. the other C. others D. another
3. Some students are reading books in the library, while ______ are playing on the playground.
A. other B. the other C. others D. the others
4. There are 40 students in our class. 25 of them are girls, and ______ are boys.
A. other B. the other C. others D. the others
5. I don't like this T-shirt. Please show me ______ one.
A. other B. the other C. others D. another
考点二： They’ll catch up in a few minutes. 他们几分钟后就会赶上。
◆ 辨析
1、in + 一段时间 表示“在……之后”，这个时间是从现在算起的将来时间段，所以这个结构只能用于一般将来时，对这个结构提问时要用 how soon 。
例如：He will come back in a week. 他一周后会回来。
2、 after + 一段时间 表示“在……之后”，这个时间通常是从过去的某个时间点算起的，因此常用于一般过去时；需要注意的是，当 after 后面接的是具体的时间点时，它也可以用于将来时。
例如：She left the city after two days. 两天后她离开了这座城市。
◆精题巧练
1. — How soon will your father come back from Beijing
— He will come back ______ three days.
A. in B. after C. for D. at
2. She went to the park ______ two hours and then returned home.
A. in B. after C. before D. since
3. We will have a sports meeting ______ 3 o'clock this afternoon.
A. in B. after C. on D. for
4. — When will you finish your homework
— I will finish it ______ an hour.
A. in B. after C. at D. during
5. He left the company ______ five years and never came back.
A. in B. after C. for D. since
考点三： Thanks to better health care, most people are living healthier and longer lives. 多亏了更完善的医疗保健，大多数人生活得更健康并且更长寿。
◆ 辨析
1、thanks to 意为“多亏；归功于”，后面接的内容是导致某个结果的原因，这个原因可以是正面的，也可以是负面的，它在句子中作状语，相当于 because of 或者 with the help of 。
例如：Thanks to his help, I passed the exam successfully. 多亏了他的帮助，我成功通过了考试。
2、thanks for 意为“因……而感谢”，后面接的是感谢的具体对象，这个对象可以是名词、代词，也可以是动名词形式，它的用法相当于 thank you for 。
例如：Thanks for giving me such a good suggestion. 谢谢你给我这么好的建议。
◆精题巧练
1. — ______ your help, I couldn't have finished the work so quickly— You're welcome.
A. Thanks to B. Thanks for C. Because D. As
2. ______ the government's efforts, many poor families have got their new houses.
A. Thanks to B. Thanks for C. Instead of D. As for
3. — ______ inviting me to your birthday party. I really had a good time.
— You're welcome.
A. Thanks to B. Thanks for C. Because of D. As a result of
4. ______ his teacher's encouragement, he finally decided to take part in the English speech contest.
A. Thanks to B. Thanks for C. Without D. Except for
5. Many thanks ______ giving me the chance to visit your school.
A. to B. for C. with D. from
考点四：Knives and forks are used for most Western food. 刀叉被用于大多数西餐中。
◆ 辨析
1、 be used for 表示“被用于……”，介词 for 后面接名词或者动名词，用来明确事物的用途或者使用目的，它的主动形式是 use sth. for doing sth. 。
例如：This machine is used for cutting paper. 这台机器是用来切纸的。
2、 be used as 表示“被用作……”，介词 as 后面接名词，用来强调事物被当作某种工具、物品或者身份来使用。
例如：This room can be used as a meeting room. 这个房间可以被用作会议室。
3、 be used by 表示“被……使用”，介词 by 后面接动作的执行者，也就是使用这个事物的人或者组织。
例如：This computer is used by our teacher every day. 这台电脑每天都被我们老师使用。
◆精题巧练
1. This printer ______ printing all kinds of documents in our office.
A. is used for B. is used as C. is used by D. used to
2. In some poor areas, the old classroom ______ a storage room now.
A. is used for B. is used as C. is used by D. uses for
3. The new smart phones ______ most young people in our city because of their good design.
A. are used for B. are used as C. are used by D. used as
4. A dictionary is a useful book that ______ looking up new words.
A. is used to B. is used as C. is used by D. is used for
5. These glass bottles ______ flower vases after being cleaned carefully.
A. are used for B. are used as C. are used by D. use as
考点五：That means you eat it with your fingers, not with a knife, fork or spoon. 那就是说你用手拿着吃，而不是用刀、叉或勺子。
◆ 辨析
1、 with 作为介词，意为“用……”，后面接的是具体的工具、身体部位或者某种手段，强调的是使用的具体物件。
例如：We write with pens and we see with our eyes. 我们用笔写字，用眼睛看东西。
2、 in 作为介词，意为“用……”，后面接的是语言、声音、材料或者方式等。
例如：Can you say it in English 你能用英语说吗？
◆精题巧练
1. We usually write ______ pens or pencils in our daily study.
A. with B. in C. by D. through
2. Can you tell this interesting story ______ English to your classmates
A. with B. in C. on D. at
3. People in some countries like to eat bread ______ their hands instead of tableware.
A. with B. in C. by D. for
4. The notice on the wall is written ______ black ink so that everyone can see it clearly.
A. with B. in C. by D. from
5. My little sister likes to draw beautiful pictures ______ a colored pencil.
A. in B. with C. for D. as
考点六： The guests cannot see either... 客人们也无法看见……
◆ 辨析
1、 either 用于否定句中，意为“也”，通常放在句子的末尾，前面可以加逗号，也可以不加逗号；另外，它还有“两者中的任何一个”的含义。
例如：I don’t like coffee, and I don’t like tea either. 我不喜欢咖啡，也不喜欢茶。
You can take either of the two books. 这两本书你可以拿任意一本。
2、too 用于肯定句或者一般疑问句中，意为“也”，位置在句子末尾，前面一般会加逗号隔开。
例如：He likes playing basketball, too. 他也喜欢打篮球。
Do you like music too 你也喜欢音乐吗？
3、also 常用于肯定句中，意为“也”，位置比较固定，要放在连系动词、助动词或者情态动词的后面，放在行为动词的前面。
例如：She is also a student. 她也是一名学生。
He also wants to go to the cinema. 他也想去看电影。
4、as well 用于肯定句中，意为“也”，位置在句子末尾，前面不需要加逗号，用法和too比较接近，但语气比 too 更口语化一些。
例如：I am good at English, and I am good at math as well. 我擅长英语，也擅长数学。
◆精题巧练
1. I don't like swimming, and I don't like running ______.
A. either B. too C. also D. as well
2. Lucy is good at playing the piano, and she ______ does well in drawing.
A. either B. too C. also D. as well
3. My brother likes watching cartoons, and he likes playing football, ______.
A. either B. too C. also D. as well as
4. You can choose ______ of the two magazines. They are both very interesting.
A. either B. too C. also D. as well
5. Lily can sing English songs very well, and she can dance ______.
A. either B. too C. also D. as well
考点七： Preparation of a big meal takes a long time... 准备一顿大餐需要花费很长时间……
◆ 辨析
1、 take 表示“花费（时间、精力等）”，主语通常是 it 或者具体的事物，常用的固定句型是 It takes (sb.) some time to do sth. ，意思是“做某事花费某人多长时间”。
例如：It takes me an hour to finish my homework every day. 我每天花一个小时完成作业。
The trip took us three days. 这次旅行花了我们三天时间。
2、spend 表示“花费（时间、金钱）”，主语必须是人，常用的句型有两个，一个是 sb. spends some time/money on sth. ，表示“某人在某物上花费时间或金钱”；另一个是 sb. spends some time/money (in) doing sth. ，表示“某人花费时间或金钱做某事”，其中的 in 可以省略。
例如：She spends two hours on her English every day. 她每天花两个小时学英语。
He spends a lot of money buying books. 他花很多钱买书。
3、cost 表示“花费（金钱）”，主语必须是物或者某种活动，常用句型是 sth. costs (sb.) some money ，意思是“某物花费某人多少钱”，注意这个单词不能用于花费时间的表达。
例如：This new bike cost me 500 yuan. 这辆新自行车花了我500元。
4、pay 表示“支付（金钱）”，主语是人，常用句型是 sb. pays some money for sth. ，表示“某人为某物支付多少钱”，它的宾语通常是金钱。
例如：My father paid 2000 yuan for this TV set. 我爸爸买这台电视机花了2000元。
◆精题巧练
1. It usually ______ her about 20 minutes to walk to school every day.
A. takes B. spends C. costs D. pays
2. My cousin ______ a lot of time ______ playing basketball after school.
A. takes; in B. spends; on C. spends; in D. takes; on
3. This new dictionary ______ me 120 yuan.
A. takes B. spends C. costs D. pays
4. My mother ______ 300 yuan ______ this pair of shoes last week.
A. took; for B. spent; on C. cost; for D. paid; for
5. Mr. Smith ______ two years on the development of this software.
A. takes B. spends C. costs D. pays
语法点
一、六大时态综合复习
1. 一般现在时
构成：主语+am/is/are；主语+动词原形/三单
用法：经常性动作、客观事实/真理
例句：Fresh fruit is good for health.（新鲜水果有益健康）
2. 一般过去时
构成：主语+动词过去式
用法：过去某时发生的动作/状态
例句：She fell off her bike yesterday.（她昨天从自行车上摔下来）
3. 一般将来时
构成：will/be going to+动词原形
用法：将来的动作/预测；in+时间段表将来，用how soon提问
例句：They'll catch up in a few minutes.（他们几分钟后会赶上）
4. 现在进行时
构成：am/is/are+现在分词
用法：此刻正在进行的动作；位移动词表将来
例句：He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow.（他明天去北京）
5. 过去进行时
构成：was/were+现在分词
用法：过去某时刻正在进行的动作
例句：He was running when he fell.（他跑步时摔倒了）
6. 现在完成时（核心）
构成：have/has+过去分词
用法：过去动作对现在的影响；for/since等表持续，用延续性动词
延续性转换（高频考点）：leave→be away；borrow→keep；die→be dead；open→be open；return→be back
例句：I have kept this book for two weeks.（这本书我借了两周）
二、被动语态
1. 基本结构
肯定式：主语+be+过去分词(+by 执行者)
否定式：主语+be+not+过去分词
疑问式：Be+主语+过去分词
2. 常用时态被动结构
一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词；例句：Knives and forks are used for Western food.（刀叉用于西餐）
一般过去时：was/were+过去分词；例句：I was chosen to play the dance music.（我被选去放舞曲）
一般将来时：will be/be going to be+过去分词；例句：You will be served in a minute.（马上会有人为你服务）
情态动词：情态动词+be+过去分词；例句：The work must be finished today.（这项工作今天必须完成）
3. 被动语态使用场景
不知道/无需指出动作执行者；强调动作承受者；礼貌表达
4. 不用被动的情况
不及物动词（happen, appear, rise等）；系动词（look, sound, taste等）；表状态的动词（have, own, cost等）；某些固定短语（take place, break out等）
【易混点对比】
1、现在完成时vs一般过去时
现在完成时强调“现在影响/持续”；一般过去时仅表“过去发生”
2、主动语态vs被动语态
主动：主语是动作执行者；被动：主语是动作承受者
精题巧练
1. —______ you ______ your homework yet —Yes. I ______ it ten minutes ago.
A. Did; finish; finished
B. Have; finished; finished
C. Have; finished; have finished
2. I ______ my hometown for three years. I really miss the people there.
A. left
B. have left
C. have been away from
3. While Tom ______ TV, his sister finished her homework.
A. watches
B. watched
C. was watching
4. A new bridge ______ in our city last year. It has improved the traffic a lot.
A. was built
B. built
C. is built
5. —Where is Lucy I haven’t seen her for a long time.—She ______ to Canada. She will come back next month.
A. has been
B. has gone
C. went
6. These photos ______ by my sister when she was in Beijing.
A. take
B. took
C. were taken
7. —Look! Some boys ______ basketball on the playground.—Let’s join them.
A. play
B. are playing
C. played
8. The classroom ______ every day. We can study in a clean environment.
A. cleans
B. is cleaned
C. is cleaning
9. —Must the work ______ today —Yes. Our teacher will check it tomorrow.
A. finish
B. be finished
C. be finishing
10. My father ______ in a factory for 20 years. He knows everything about the factory.
A. works
B. worked
C. has worked
