/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
第23讲 九年级下 Modules 3--4
重 点 单 词 与 词 汇 拓 展 1. ________________________ (n.) 财富；财产 2. ____________ (adj.) 富有的；富裕的 → ____________ (比较级) 更富有的 → ____________ (最高级) 最富有的 3. ____________ (n.) 担心；害怕 (v.) 害怕；惧怕 ★ ____________ 在恐惧中 4. ____________ (v.) 使加倍；把……增加一倍 (adj.) (成)双的；两个……；两倍的；加倍的 5. ____________ (adv.) 很少地；不常 6. ____________ (adj.) 空余的；备用的 (v.) 抽出(时间等) ★ ____________ 业余时间；闲暇 7. ____________ (adj.) 聋的 8. ____________ (adj.) 微小的；极小的 → ____________ (比较级) 更小的 → ____________ (最高级) 最小的 9. ____________ (adj.) 用电的；电动的 10. ____________ (n.) 电灯；光；光线；光亮 (adj.) 轻的；轻松的；少量的 11. ____________ (n.) 蜡烛 12. ____________ (n.) 邮递员 → ____________ (pl.) 13. ____________ (n.) 寒冷；冷空气；感冒；伤风 (adj.) 冷的 ★ ____________ 感冒 14. ____________ (n.) 高温；热度；热量 (v.) 使变热；给……加热 15. ____________ (adj.) 专职的；全日制的 16. ____________ (v.) (有财力)买得起，付得起 ★ ____________ 负担得起做某事 17. ____________ (n.) 作用；职责；角色 ★ ____________ 在……中发挥……作用 18. ____________ (n.) (个人的)教育；学业 19. ____________ (n.) 运输业；交通 → ____________ (n.) 运输；运输工具 20. ____________ (n.) 短袜 ★ ____________ 一双袜子 21. ____________ (conj.) 每当；无论什么时候 22. ____________ (adj.) 合适的；恰当的 → ____________ (adv.) 正确地，适当地；得体地，恰当地 23. ____________ (n.) 边；边缘 24. ____________ (pron.) 你自己 → ____________ (pl.) 你们自己 25. ____________ (v.) 挨饿；饿死 26. ____________ (n.) 尝试；努力 (v.) 走；去 ★ ____________ 一口气；一下子 27. ____________ (n.) 岩；岩石；摇滚乐 ★ ____________ 攀岩 28. ____________ (n.) 石头 29. ____________ (adv.) 相当；还算 30. ____________ (adj.) 无困难的；顺利的；光滑的；平坦的；悦耳的 → ____________ (adv.) 平稳地，连续而流畅地；顺利地 31. ____________ (adj.) 直的；笔直的 (adv.) 径直地 → ____________ (adv.) 笔直地 32. ____________ (n.) 帐篷 ★ ____________ 搭帐篷 33. ____________ (v.) 变成；进入(某种状态)；下落；跌落 (n.) 秋天；瀑布 ★ ____________ 入睡；睡着 34. ____________ (v.) 悬挂；吊 → ____________ (过去式/过去分词) ★ ____________ [口]稍等；闲逛；常去某处 35. ____________ (adj.) 突然的；急剧的 → ____________ (adv.) 突然地 36. ____________ (n.) 枪 37. ____________ (adj.) 软的；柔软的 → ____________ (adv.) 柔软地 38. ____________ (adj.) 静止的；不动的 (adv.) 仍然，依旧 39. ____________ (n.) (小)树林；林地；木头；木料 40. ____________ (n.) 血；血液
重 点 短 语 1. ____________________ 记得去做…… 2. ____________________ 与某人结婚 3. ____________________ 忙于做某事 4. ____________________ 在过去 5. ____________________ 生病 6. ____________________ 处理…… 7. ____________________ 普通疾病 8. ____________________ 锻炼 9. ____________________ （用于表示过去真实或经常性的行为，特别强调现在不那样了）过去 10. ____________________ ……的数量→（易混辨析）许多…… 11. ____________________ 更糟糕 12. ____________________ 和……一样…… 13. ____________________ 五十年以前 14. ____________________ 业余时间；闲暇 15. ____________________ 七十多岁 16. ____________________ 大点声说 17. ____________________ 有点聋 18. ____________________ 某人的一生 19. ____________________ 一天十二个小时 20. ____________________ 照顾某人 21. ____________________ 一个全职工作 22. ____________________ 一两次 23. ____________________ 送某人上学 24. ____________________ 另外；而且 25. ____________________ 受到良好的教育 26. ____________________ 感到孤独 27. ____________________ 一般而言；总而言之 28. ____________________ 开始做某事 29. ____________________ 注意 30. ____________________ 片刻；一会儿 31. ____________________ 动身；出发 32. ____________________ 穿结实的鞋子 33. ____________________ 在山里 34. ____________________ 走得太靠近山间小路的边缘 35. ____________________ 迷路 36. ____________________ 离开 37. ____________________ 独自；单独 38. ____________________ 开始走路 39. ____________________ 一口气；一下子 40. ____________________ 攀岩 41. ____________________ 当心滚落的石头 42. ____________________ 沿着这条小路 43. ____________________ 穿过小溪 44. ____________________ 带路 45. ____________________ 首先；开始时 46. ____________________ 变难 47. ____________________ 有许多做某事的经验 48. ____________________ 入睡；睡着 49. ____________________ 半夜 50. ____________________ 做早餐 51. ____________________ 把食物挂在树上 52. ____________________ 在小溪旁边 53. ____________________ 搭起帐篷 54. ____________________ 足够高 55. ____________________ 保持营地清洁 56. ____________________ 收拾干净 57. ____________________ 看见……正在做…… 58. ____________________ 玩一些树枝和石头 59. ____________________ 静静地站着 60. ____________________ 朝我跑来 61. ____________________ （脸）变得苍白 62. ____________________ 转过身
重 点 句 型 1. But people don't ______ as ______ exercise as they ______ to. 但是人们不像过去那样做那么多运动了。 2. …and there's less fear of ______ ill because we know how to ______ ______ the ordinary diseases. 因为我们知道如何应对普通疾病，所以我们不再那么害怕疾病了。 3. When the ______ of cars is doubled, the pollution is ______ doubled, or ______ worse. 当小汽车的数量加倍时，污染也加倍了，甚至更加严重。 4. Do people work ______ ______ as they ______ fifty years ago 人们还像50年前的人一样努力工作吗？ 5. I wasn't ______ to school because my family couldn't ______ it, and what's ______, because I was a girl. 我没有被送去上学，因为我家负担不起学费，另外还因为我是个女孩。 6. I'm happy to see she's ______ working every day, but sometimes I ______ lonely because she can't ______ to see me often. 我很高兴看到她每天忙于工作，但是有时候我会感到孤独，因为她不能经常来看我。 7. …whenever you ______ walking in the ______, you should always ______ proper clothes. 无论何时你在山里行走，你都应该穿合适的衣服。 8. And you have to ______ together so you don't ______ ______. 并且你们必须得待在一起以免迷路。 9. On the ______ evening, the three of us ______ tired after ______ for about eight hours. 第一天晚上，步行了约八个小时之后，我们三个人都很累。 10. If they ______ where we are, they ______ not ______ any closer. 如果他们知道我们在哪里，他们或许不会靠得太近。 11. While the others ______ resting, I ______ for a walk in the ______. 当别人在休息时，我去森林里散步。 12. Suddenly, I ______ a baby bear ______ ______ some sticks and stones. 突然间，我看到一只小熊在玩树枝和石头。
知识点
考点一：need 的用法
教材原句:What is the question they need to answer 他们需要回答的问题是什么？
◆ 辨析
1、行为动词：表示“需要”，后接名词、代词、动词不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语。当后接动词-ing时，表被动，相当于“need to be done”。
2、情态动词：表示“需要”，后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化，多用于否定句或疑问句，也可用于must开头的一般疑问句的否定回答。
例句：
Do you need more books 你需要更多的书吗？
My bike needs repairing. 我的自行车需要修理了。
Need we tell our teacher about it 我们需要把这件事告诉老师吗？
—Must I do the dishes —No, you needn’t. ——我必须洗碗吗？——不，你不必。
◆精题巧练
1. （2021·浙江温州）—Simon, I’m afraid we can’t complete the model spaceship this afternoon.—Well, we ______ finish it today. It’s fine if we give it to Mr. Wang tomorrow.
A. can’t
B. mustn’t
C. needn’t
D. shouldn’t
2. （2020·广西百色）My bike needs ______. I have to go to school on foot today.
A. repair
B. to repair
C. repairing
D. repaired
3. （2019·四川成都）—Must I hand in my report now
—No, you ______. You can hand it in tomorrow.
A. can’t
B. needn’t
C. mustn’t
答案：B
4. （2022·江苏苏州）—______ I take the magazine out of the reading room
—No, you ______. You can read it here.
A. Must; mustn’t
B. Need; needn’t
C. May; mustn’t
D. Can; needn’t
5. （2023·湖北武汉）The flowers ______ water every day, or they will die.
A. need
B. need to
C. needn’t
D. need to be
考点二：nearly 与 almost
教材原句:Nearly finished. 差不多完成了。
◆ 辨析
nearly：不能与no, none, nothing, never等否定词连用；可被not修饰，意为“远非，远不及”。
almost：可与no, none, nothing, never等否定词连用；不能被not修饰。
例句：
His father has taught English for nearly 20 years. 他的父亲教英语已经快20年了。
He has $20, but that is not nearly enough for the trip. 他有20美元，但这远远不够支付这次旅行的费用。
Almost no one took any rest. 几乎没有人休息过。
◆精题巧练
1. （2023·山东临沂）______ no one believed what he said because he often told lies.
A. Nearly
B. Almost
C. Hardly
D. Mostly
2. （2022·湖南长沙）The movie is so interesting that ______ all the audience are interested in it.
A. nearly
B. almost
C. both
D. neither
3. （2021·广东广州）—How far is it to the airport
—It’s about 20 kilometers away, which is ______ the distance we expected.
A. nearly
B. almost
C. not nearly
D. not almost
4. （2023·江苏南京）______ all the students in our class have passed the English exam, which makes our teacher very happy.
A. Nearly
B. Almost
C. Both
D. Either
5. （2022·浙江杭州）That mountain is ______ as high as this one, but we still choose to choose to select this one to avoid the risk.
A. nearly
B. almost
C. almost not
D. nearly not
考点三：used to do sth., be used to do sth. 与 be/get used to doing sth.
教材原句:But people don’t take as much exercise as they used to. 但是人们不像过去那样做那么多运动了。
◆ 辨析
used to do sth.：表示“过去常常做某事”，主语可以是人或物。
be used to do sth.：表示“被用来做某事”，主语通常是物。
be/get used to doing sth.：表示“习惯于做某事”，主语通常是人。
例句：
Jim used to work hard. 吉姆过去工作很努力。
There used to be many trees here. 这里过去有很多树。
Computers are used to do many things for people now. 现在电脑被用来为人们做很多事情。
She isn’t used to living in the countryside. 她不习惯住在乡下。
◆精题巧练
1. （2023·河北石家庄）He ______ play basketball after school, but now he prefers to play football.
A. used to B. is used to C. was used to D. gets used to
2. （2022·陕西西安）Knives ______ cut things in our daily life.
A. used to B. are used to C. are used for D. get used to
3. （2021·福建福州）My grandparents ______ living in the countryside because the air there is fresh.
A. used to B. are used to C. were used to D. use to
4. （2023·江西南昌）—Did your father ______ ride a bike to work
—Yes, but now he ______ driving a car to work.
A. used to; is used to B. use to; is used to C. used to; used to D. use to; used to
5. （2022·安徽合肥）Paper ______ make books and newspapers for hundreds of years.
A. used to B. is used to C. has been used to D. has used to
考点四：remember to do sth. 与 remember doing sth.
教材原句:Remember to speak up! 记得大声说出来！
◆ 辨析
remember to do sth.：表示“记得要做某事”，指事情还未做。
remember doing sth.：表示“记得做过某事”，指事情已经做了。
例句：
Please remember to shut off the electricity and water before you leave the laboratory. 离开实验室前，请记得关掉水电。
I remember going there three years ago. 我记得三年前去过那里。
◆精题巧练
1. （2023·河南郑州）—Don’t forget ______ the windows before leaving the classroom.
—OK, I won’t.
A. to close B. closing C. close D. closed
2. （2022·广东深圳）I clearly remember ______ the letter for you yesterday. Did you receive it
A. to post B. posting C. post D. posted
3. （2021·江苏无锡）—I remember ______ my book to the classroom, but I can’t find it now.
—Maybe someone took it by mistake.
A. to bring B. bringing C. bring D. brings
4. （2023·湖南岳阳）Please remember ______ your homework to school tomorrow, or the teacher will be angry.
A. to take B. taking C. take D. takes
5. （2022·山东潍坊）She remembered ______ him in the bookstore before, so she said hello to him warmly.
A. to see B. seeing C. see D. saw
考点五：lonely 与 alone
教材原句:Old Mr Green doesn’t feel ______ because some students visit him regularly. 格林老先生不觉得______，因为一些学生定期去看望他。
◆ 辨析
lonely：形容词，意为“孤独的；寂寞的”，作表语或定语，强调主观上孤独、寂寞，带有感彩。
alone：形容词/副词，意为“单独的；独自的/单独地；独自地”，作表语或状语，强调客观上一个人，不带感彩。
例句：
He has no friends. He feels lonely. 他没有朋友，他感到很孤独。
He is singing alone under a tree. 他独自一人在树下唱歌。
◆精题巧练
1. （2023·浙江绍兴）Though he lives ______ in the countryside, he doesn’t feel ______ at all.
A. alone; lonely B. lonely; alone C. alone; alone D. lonely; lonely
2. （2022·湖北宜昌）My elder sister likes staying at home by herself, but she never feels ______.
A. alone B. lonely C. happy D. excited
3. （2021·山东泰安）—Why does she often look ______
—Because she has no friends to talk with here.
A. alone B. friendly C. lonely D. angrily
4. （2023·四川绵阳）You can’t leave your little brother ______ at home. It’s dangerous.
A. lonely B. alone C. with D. for
5. （2022·江苏常州）The old man used to live ______ in a small house, but now he lives with his children and never feels ______.
A. lonely; alone B. alone; lonely C. alone; alone D. lonely; lonely
考点七：stop doing sth. 与 stop to do sth.
教材原句:Age to stop working. 到了停止工作的年纪。
◆ 辨析
stop doing sth.：表示“停止做某事”，指停止正在做的事情。
stop to do sth.：表示“停下来去做某事”，指停下来去做另外一件事情。
例句：
The teacher is coming. Please stop talking. 老师来了，请停止说话。
You are so tired. Stop to have a rest. 你太累了，停下来休息一下吧。
◆精题巧练
1. （2023·江苏苏州）When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped ______ at once.
A. talking B. to talk C. talk D. talked
2. （2022·广东广州）We got lost on the way, so we stopped ______ a map carefully.
A. looking at B. to look at C. look at D. looked at
3. （2021·湖北武汉）The workers stopped ______ when the lunch bell rang, and then they went to the dining hall.
A. working B. to work C. work D. worked
4. （2023·山东青岛）Please stop ______ so much noise here, and stop ______ the rules quietly.
A. making; to listen to B. to make; listening to C. making; listening to D. to make; to listen to
5. （2022·浙江杭州）When she saw an old man fall down, she stopped ______ to him at once.
A. running; to help B. to run; helping C. running; helping D. to run; to help
考点八：on, in 与 at
教材原句:On the first evening, the three of us were tired after walking for about eight hours. 第一天晚上，我们三个人走了大约八个小时后都累了。
◆ 辨析
on：用在具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上前。
in：用在年、月、季节及泛指的上午、下午或晚上等前。
at：用在钟点前或用于某些固定短语中。
例句：
on Monday morning 在周一早上
in May / in the morning 在五月/在早上
at six / at noon / at night 在六点/在中午/在晚上
◆精题巧练
1. （2023·湖南长沙）We are going to have a picnic ______ the afternoon of October 1st.
A. in B. on C. at D. for
2. （2022·江苏南京）The 2026 World Cup will be held ______ summer in North America.
A. in B. on C. at D. with
3. （2021·广东深圳）—What time do you usually get up on weekends
—I usually get up ______ 8:00 a.m.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
4. （2023·山东济南）My father likes reading newspapers ______ the morning every day.
A. in B. on C. at D. of
5. （2022·浙江温州）It’s not safe to go out ______ night alone in this neighborhood.
A. in B. on C. at D. for
考点九：fall asleep 与 be asleep
教材原句:We soon fell asleep. 我们很快就睡着了。
◆ 辨析
fall asleep：表示“入睡；睡着”，强调动作，为非延续性动词短语，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
be asleep：表示“睡着”，强调状态，可与表示一段时间的状语连用。
例句：
After a while I fell asleep. 过了一会儿，我睡着了。
The baby has been asleep for two hours. 这个婴儿已经睡了两个小时了。
◆精题巧练
1. （2023·湖北襄阳）When I got home yesterday, my little sister ______ quickly because she was too tired.
A. fell asleep B. was asleep C. falls asleep D. is asleep
2. （2022·四川南充）The little boy ______ for three hours. Don’t wake him up.
A. fell asleep B. has fallen asleep C. has been asleep D. was asleep
3. （2021·河南洛阳）—Why didn’t you reply to my call just now
—Sorry, I ______ and didn’t hear the ring at all.
A. fell asleep B. was asleep C. am asleep D. will fall asleep
4. （2023·江西赣州）It’s too noisy outside. It’s hard for me ______ easily.
A. fall asleep B. to fall asleep C. be asleep D. to be asleep
5. （2022·浙江嘉兴）The girl ______ when her mother came back, so her mother covered her with a quilt quietly.
A. fell asleep B. falls asleep C. was asleep D. will be asleep
考点十：except, besides 与 but
教材原句:Don’t eat or drink anywhere except in the restaurant. 除了餐厅里，不要在任何地方吃喝。
◆ 辨析
except：意为“除了……外”，强调“从整体中除去”，常与all, always, every等连用。
besides：意为“除……外，还有”，包括besides后的内容。
but：意为“除……之外”，常与nothing, no, nobody等连用，表示仅有或存在but后的内容。
例句：
The office is open every day except Sundays. 除了周日，这个办公室每天都开放。
I like maths besides English. 除了英语，我还喜欢数学。
She had nothing but two pieces of bread this morning. 今天早上她除了两片面包，什么都没吃。
◆精题巧练
1. （2023·四川成都）The library is open every day ______ Monday. It needs to be cleaned on that day.
A. except B. besides C. but D. with
2. （2022·浙江宁波）______ English, he also learns French and Japanese in his free time.
A. Except B. But C. Besides D. Without
3. （2021·湖南长沙）The little girl said she had nothing ______ a doll in her schoolbag.
A. except B. besides C. but D. and
4. （2023·山东济南）All the students in our class went to the park yesterday ______ Lucy. She was ill at home.
A. besides B. except C. but D. beside
5. （2022·湖北武汉）—Do you know any other foreign languages ______ German
—Yes. I can also speak Spanish.
A. except B. but C. besides D. for
语法点
一、形容词与副词的句法功能
1. 形容词的句法功能
定语：置于名词前修饰名词；若修饰不定代词（something/anything/nothing等），需后置。
例：Did you see that old photograph that I found It's a lovely picture.（定语）
例：Is there anything special in the paper today （修饰不定代词后置）
表语：置于系动词（be/seem等）之后。
例：They were very nice.
例：People's lives seem busy now.
宾语补足语：补充说明宾语的状态。
例：We must keep our classroom clean and tidy.
注意：部分以-ly结尾的词是形容词（如weekly“每周的”、friendly“友好的”），需区分词性。
例：A friendly voice answered the phone.
2. 副词的句法功能
副词主要作状语，可修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表程度、方式等。
例：They speak highly of you.
例：We were very lucky to find you here.
例：Hopefully, we'll meet again on Friday.
二、形容词与副词的比较级和最高级
1. 比较级的句型
(1) 比较级 + than：表示“比……更……”
例：Health is more important than wealth.
例：He got up earlier than I did this morning.
(2) 比较级 + and + 比较级：表示“越来越……”
例：The story gets more and more exciting.
例：Our lives are getting better and better.
(3) The + 比较级, the + 比较级：表示“越……，越……”
例：The more time you spend on it, the greater progress you will make.
例：The more he talked, the more excited he grew.
(4) 同级比较：用as...as（肯定）/not so/as...as（否定）表示“和……一样/不如……”
例：He is as tall as his father.
例：I get up not so early as you.
2. 最高级的表达方式
(1) the + 最高级 + of/in...：表示在特定范围内“最……”
例：Jim is the tallest of the three.
例：He is the most diligent student in his class.
(2) 选择疑问句：用于三者及以上的比较
例：Who is the tallest, Tom, Jack or Bill
(3) the + 最高级 + 定语从句：强调“最……的事物/人”
例：It is the most interesting book I have ever read.
3. 比较级和最高级的修饰语
比较级修饰语：置于比较级前，如much“……得多”、still“仍然”、a lot“很”、even“甚至”、far“远”。
例：He worked much harder then.
最高级修饰语：置于最高级前，如almost“几乎”、by far“显然；……得多”、far“远”、much“……得多”。
例：This is by far the most expensive bag in the shop.
三、情态动词
核心要点：本模块从表意角度总结情态动词的用法，核心是根据表达意图选择合适的情态动词。
1. 表示能力用can（现在/一般能力）或could（过去能力）表达“能做某事”。
例：My five-year-old daughter can draw a beautiful picture in five minutes.
例：As soon as Mike could read, he read books about robots.
2. 表示可能性
用may/might（可能性较弱）或can/could（客观可能性）表达“可能”。
例：Jane may be at home.
例：I might talk to him.
例：You can go to Beijing by train.
3. 表示许可或征求对方许可
用can/could/may/might，could/might比can/may更委婉。
例：You can/may start your work now.
例：Could/May I come a little later tomorrow I don't feel myself.
4. 表示请求对方做事情
常用句式：Will/Would/Could you (please)... / Would you mind...
例：Would you please help me with this suitcase
例：Would you mind turning down the music
5. 表示建议和邀请
常用句式：Would you like (to)... / Shall we...
例：Would you like to play basketball
例：Shall we go
6. 表示意愿
用would like/love to...表达“想要做某事”。
例：I'd like to be a scientist.
7. 表示应该、义务
用should（建议性“应该”）、ought to（语气更正式）、must（强调“必须”）。
例：You should talk to your parents.
例：I ought to train more to improve my skill.
8. 表示命令、禁止、不得不
用must（命令）、mustn't（禁止）、have to（客观“不得不”）。
例：You must study maths to be an engineer.
例：You mustn't tell it to anyone.
例：You have to come early tomorrow.
9. 表示没必要做某事
用needn't（主观“不必”）、don't have to（客观“不必”）。
例：You don't have to worry about money. I can lend you some in time of need.
精题巧练
1. （2025·四川成都·中考真题）
Mount Gongga is the ______ mountain in Sichuan, higher than any other in this area.
A. high B. higher C. highest D. the highest
2. （2024·天津·中考真题）
Many people think eating at home is ________ than eating in the restaurant.
A. healthy B. healthier C. healthiest D. the healthiest
3. （2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）
After doing sports, he is ________ of the boys.
A. strong B. stronger C. the strongest D. strongest
4. （2023·四川成都·中考真题）
The book of Songs is the _______ collection of poems in China and the beginning of China's poetry tradition.
A. early B. earlier C. earliest D. the earliest
5. （2024·安徽·中考真题）
In summer, the trees we planted in the school are________ with green leaves.
A. thick B. soft C. clear D. light
6. （2025·吉林长春·中考真题）
Nothing is _______ than a glass of water when you are thirsty.
A. nice B. nicer C. nicest D. the nicest
7. （2024·山东东营·中考真题）
A new study shows that sunshine can make men feel __. They will eat more food after receiving UVB rays from the sun.
A. hungrier B. hungry C. hungrily D. more hungrily
8. （2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题）
Remember this, kids. The harder you work, the ________ progress you will make.
A. great B. greater C. greatest D. the greatest
9. （2025·北京·中考真题）
Mom, ______ I go to the cinema with my classmates this Sunday afternoon
A. may B. must C. can D. might
10. （2025·甘肃武威·中考真题）
— you please pass me the salt I can't reach it.
—Sure, here you are.
A. Must B. Should C. Could D. Might
11. （2024·江苏南通·中考真题）
—Must I use pink to paint my bedroom
—No, you ________. You can choose any color you like.
A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. shouldn't
12. （2023·福建·中考真题）
—It's such a long way!
—Don't worry. You ________ share a ride with me.
A. must B. can C. should D. need
13. （2024·江苏常州·中考真题）
When you make a fresh salad, you ______ add your favorite fruit if you would like to.
A. may B. should C. must D. have to
14. （2023·北京·中考真题）
—Must I stay here and wait for you
—No, you ________. You can go home first.
A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. shouldn't
15. （2025·绥化·中考真题）
My grandma is 85 years old, but she ________ still read newspapers without glasses.
A. can B. must C. should D. need
16. （2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）
I ________ understand what he was saying because it's ________ to follow a quick speaker.
A. hard; hard B. hardly; hard C. hard; hardly D. hardly; hardly/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
第23讲 九年级下 Modules3--4
重 点 单 词 与 词 汇 拓 展 1. wealth (n.) 财富；财产 2. wealthy (adj.) 富有的；富裕的 → wealthier (比较级) 更富有的 → wealthiest (最高级) 最富有的 3. fear (n.) 担心；害怕 (v.) 害怕；惧怕 ★ in fear 在恐惧中 4. double (v.) 使加倍；把……增加一倍 (adj.) (成)双的；两个……；两倍的；加倍的 5. seldom (adv.) 很少地；不常 6. spare (adj.) 空余的；备用的 (v.) 抽出(时间等) ★ spare time 业余时间；闲暇 7. deaf (adj.) 聋的 8. tiny (adj.) 微小的；极小的 → tinier (比较级) 更小的 → tiniest (最高级) 最小的 9. electric (adj.) 用电的；电动的 10. light (n.) 电灯；光；光线；光亮 (adj.) 轻的；轻松的；少量的 11. candle (n.) 蜡烛 12. postman (n.) 邮递员 → postmen (pl.) 13. cold (n.) 寒冷；冷空气；感冒；伤风 (adj.) 冷的 ★ catch a cold 感冒 14. heat (n.) 高温；热度；热量 (v.) 使变热；给……加热 15. full-time (adj.) 专职的；全日制的 16. afford (v.) (有财力)买得起，付得起 ★ afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 17. role (n.) 作用；职责；角色 ★ play a role in... 在……中发挥……作用 18. education (n.) (个人的)教育；学业 19. transport (n.) 运输业；交通 → transportation (n.) 运输；运输工具 20. sock (n.) 短袜 ★ a pair of socks 一双袜子 21. whenever (conj.) 每当；无论什么时候 22. proper (adj.) 合适的；恰当的 → properly (adv.) 正确地，适当地；得体地，恰当地 23. edge (n.) 边；边缘 24. yourself (pron.) 你自己 → yourselves (pl.) 你们自己 25. starve (v.) 挨饿；饿死 26. go (n.) 尝试；努力 (v.) 走；去 ★ in one go 一口气；一下子 27. rock (n.) 岩；岩石；摇滚乐 ★ rock climbing 攀岩 28. stone (n.) 石头 29. pretty (adv.) 相当；还算 30. smooth (adj.) 无困难的；顺利的；光滑的；平坦的；悦耳的 → smoothly (adv.) 平稳地，连续而流畅地；顺利地 31. straight (adj.) 直的；笔直的 (adv.) 径直地 → straight (adv.) 笔直地 32. tent (n.) 帐篷 ★ put up a tent 搭帐篷 33. fall (v.) 变成；进入(某种状态)；下落；跌落 (n.) 秋天；瀑布 ★ fall asleep 入睡；睡着 34. hang (v.) 悬挂；吊 → hung (过去式/过去分词) ★ hang out [口]稍等；闲逛；常去某处 35. sudden (adj.) 突然的；急剧的 → suddenly (adv.) 突然地 36. gun (n.) 枪 37. soft (adj.) 软的；柔软的 → softly (adv.) 柔软地 38. still (adj.) 静止的；不动的 (adv.) 仍然，依旧 39. wood (n.) (小)树林；林地；木头；木料 40. blood (n.) 血；血液
重 点 短 语 1. remember to do sth. 记得去做…… 2. be/get married to sb. 与某人结婚 3. be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 4. in the past 在过去 5. get ill 生病 6. deal with… 处理…… 7. the ordinary diseases 普通疾病 8. take exercise 锻炼 9. used to （用于表示过去真实或经常性的行为，特别强调现在不那样了）过去 10. the number of… / a number of… ……的数量→（易混辨析）许多…… 11. even worse 更糟糕 12. as … as … 和……一样…… 13. fifty years ago 五十年以前 14. spare time 业余时间；闲暇 15. over seventy years old 七十多岁 16. speak up 大点声说 17. a bit deaf 有点聋 18. all one's life 某人的一生 19. twelve hours a day 一天十二个小时 20. look after sb. 照顾某人 21. a full-time job 一个全职工作 22. once or twice 一两次 23. send sb. to school 送某人上学 24. what's more 另外；而且 25. have a good education 受到良好的教育 26. feel lonely 感到孤独 27. generally speaking 一般而言；总而言之 28. start to do/doing sth. 开始做某事 29. pay attention to 注意 30. for a moment 片刻；一会儿 31. set off 动身；出发 32. wear strong shoes 穿结实的鞋子 33. in the hills 在山里 34. walk too close to the edge of the hill path 走得太靠近山间小路的边缘 35. get lost 迷路 36. go off 离开 37. on one's own 独自；单独 38. start walking 开始走路 39. in one go 一口气；一下子 40. rock climbing 攀岩 41. be careful of falling stone 当心滚落的石头 42. down (the) path 沿着这条小路 43. across the stream 穿过小溪 44. lead the way 带路 45. to begin with 首先；开始时 46. get difficult 变难 47. have a lot of experience of doing sth. 有许多做某事的经验 48. fall asleep 入睡；睡着 49. in the middle of the night 半夜 50. make breakfast 做早餐 51. hang the food in a tree 把食物挂在树上 52. by a stream 在小溪旁边 53. put up the tent 搭起帐篷 54. high enough 足够高 55. keep the camp clean 保持营地清洁 56. tidy up 收拾干净 57. see … doing… 看见……正在做…… 58. play with some sticks and stones 玩一些树枝和石头 59. stand still 静静地站着 60. run towards me 朝我跑来 61. turn pale (脸)变得苍白 62. turn round 转过身
重 点 句 型 1. But people don't take as much exercise as they used to. 但是人们不像过去那样做那么多运动了。 2. …and there's less fear of getting ill because we know how to deal with the ordinary diseases. ……因为我们知道如何应对普通疾病，（所以）我们不再那么害怕疾病了。 3. When the number of cars is doubled, the pollution is also doubled, or even worse. 当小汽车的数量加倍时，污染也加倍了，甚至更加严重。 4. Do people work as hard as they did fifty years ago 人们还像50年前的人一样努力工作吗？ 5. I wasn't sent to school because my family couldn't afford it, and what's more, because I was a girl. 我没有被送去上学，因为我家负担不起学费，另外还因为我是个女孩。 6. I'm happy to see she's busy working every day, but sometimes I feel lonely because she can't come to see me often. 我很高兴看到她每天忙于工作，但是有时候我会感到孤独，因为她不能经常来看我。 7. …whenever you go walking in the hills, you should always wear proper clothes. ……无论何时你在山里行走，你都应该穿合适的衣服。 8. And you have to keep together so you don't get lost. 并且你们必须得待在一起以免迷路。 9. On the first evening, the three of us were tired after walking for about eight hours. 第一天晚上，步行了约八个小时之后，我们三个人都很累。 10. If they know where we are, they may not come any closer. 如果他们知道我们在哪里，他们或许不会靠得太近。 11. While the others were resting, I went for a walk in the forest. 当别人在休息时，我去森林里散步。 12. Suddenly, I saw a baby bear playing with some sticks and stones. 突然间，我看到一只小熊在玩树枝和石头。
知识点
考点一：need 的用法
教材原句:What is the question they need to answer 他们需要回答的问题是什么？
◆ 辨析
1、行为动词：表示“需要”，后接名词、代词、动词不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语。当后接动词-ing时，表被动，相当于“need to be done”。
2、情态动词：表示“需要”，后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化，多用于否定句或疑问句，也可用于must开头的一般疑问句的否定回答。
例句：
Do you need more books 你需要更多的书吗？
My bike needs repairing. 我的自行车需要修理了。
Need we tell our teacher about it 我们需要把这件事告诉老师吗？
—Must I do the dishes —No, you needn’t. ——我必须洗碗吗？——不，你不必。
◆精题巧练
1. （2021·浙江温州）—Simon, I’m afraid we can’t complete the model spaceship this afternoon.—Well, we ______ finish it today. It’s fine if we give it to Mr. Wang tomorrow.
A. can’t
B. mustn’t
C. needn’t
D. shouldn’t
答案：C
解析：本题考查 need 作情态动词的用法。needn’t 意为“不必”，符合答句“不必今天完成，明天交给王老师也可以”的语境。can’t 表“不能”，mustn’t 表“禁止”，shouldn’t 表“不应该”，均不符合句意。
2. （2020·广西百色）My bike needs ______. I have to go to school on foot today.
A. repair
B. to repair
C. repairing
D. repaired
答案：C
解析：本题考查 need 作行为动词的用法。need doing sth. 表被动含义，相当于 need to be done，意为“需要被……”，本句中 bike 和 repair 是被动关系，因此用 repairing。
3. （2019·四川成都）—Must I hand in my report now
—No, you ______. You can hand it in tomorrow.
A. can’t
B. needn’t
C. mustn’t
答案：B
解析：本题考查情态动词的固定回答。以 must 开头的一般疑问句，否定回答用 needn’t（不必），而不用 mustn’t（禁止），can’t 表“不能”，不符合语境。
4. （2022·江苏苏州）—______ I take the magazine out of the reading room
—No, you ______. You can read it here.
A. Must; mustn’t
B. Need; needn’t
C. May; mustn’t
D. Can; needn’t
答案：C
解析：第一空 may 用于请求许可，意为“可以”；第二空 mustn’t 表“禁止”，符合“不能把杂志带出阅览室”的规则。若第一空用 need 提问，答句 needn’t 表“不必”，与语境不符。
5. （2023·湖北武汉）The flowers ______ water every day, or they will die.
A. need
B. need to
C. needn’t
D. need to be
答案：A
解析：本题考查 need 作行为动词后接名词的用法。need 后直接加名词 water，意为“需要水”。need to 后需接动词原形，need to be 后需接过去分词表被动，needn’t 表否定，均不符合本句结构和句意。
考点二：nearly 与 almost
教材原句:Nearly finished. 差不多完成了。
◆ 辨析
nearly：不能与no, none, nothing, never等否定词连用；可被not修饰，意为“远非，远不及”。
almost：可与no, none, nothing, never等否定词连用；不能被not修饰。
例句：
His father has taught English for nearly 20 years. 他的父亲教英语已经快20年了。
He has $20, but that is not nearly enough for the trip. 他有20美元，但这远远不够支付这次旅行的费用。
◆精题巧练
1. （2023·山东临沂）
______ no one believed what he said because he often told lies.
A. Nearly
B. Almost
C. Hardly
D. Mostly
答案：B
解析：本题考查两者与否定词的搭配区别。almost 可与 no, none 等否定词连用，nearly 不能；本句出现否定词 no one，因此只能选 almost。hardly 表“几乎不”，mostly 表“主要地”，均不符合句意。
2. （2022·四川达州）
—Is your home close to the school, Tom
—Yes. It’s ______ 10 minutes’ walk from my home to regular school.
A. nearly
B. almost
C. not nearly
D. almost not
答案：A
解析：在描述具体的距离、时间等数值时，更常用 nearly 来表示“差不多、将近”；本句强调“步行差不多10分钟的路程”，用 nearly 更符合日常表达习惯。
3. （2021·湖北黄冈）
The boy has saved ______ 500 yuan. He wants to buy a birthday gift for his mother.
A. almost
B. nearly
C. not almost
D.极 nearly
答案：B
解析：在接具体的数字时，nearly 的使用频率高于 almost，本句中 500 yuan 是明确数值，因此选 nearly。选项 C 本身错误，almost 不能被 not 修饰；选项 D 为错误拼写。
4. （2023·江苏徐州）
—Do you think your team will win the ？
—Yes. We’re ______ certain to win.
A. almost
B. nearly
C. almost not
D. not nearly
答案：A
解析：在与 certain, sure 等形容词连用时，习惯用 almost 来表示“几乎、差不多”，构成 almost certain 的搭配，因此选 A。
5. （2022·浙江宁波）
It’s ______ impossible to finish the rec area in ，
A. almost
B. nearly
C. not nearly
D. nearly not
答案：A
解析：在与 impossible, nothing 等含否定意义的词连用时，只能用 almost，不能用 nearly；本句中 impossible 表否定含义，因此选 almost。
考点三：used to do sth., be used to do sth. 与 be/get used to doing sth.
教材原句:But people don’t take as much exercise as they used to. 但是人们不像过去那样做那么多运动了。
◆ 辨析
used to do sth.：表示“过去常常做某事”，主语可以是人或物。
be used to do sth.：表示“被用来做某事”，主语通常是物。
be/get used to doing sth.：表示“习惯于做某事”，主语通常是人。
例句：
Jim used to work hard. 吉姆过去工作很努力。
There used to be many trees here. 这里过去有很多树。
Computers are used to do many things for people now. 现在电脑被用来为人们做很多事情。
She isn’t used to living in the countryside. 她不习惯住在乡下。
◆精题巧练
1. （2023·河北石家庄）He ______ play basketball after school, but now he prefers to play football.
A. used to B. is used to C. was used to D. gets used to
答案：A
解析：本题考查 used to do sth. 的用法。句中 but now 是关键标志，体现“过去”与“现在”的对比，used to do sth. 表示“过去常常做某事”，后接动词原形，符合句意。is used to 和 gets used to 后需接动名词，表“习惯于做某事”；was used to 后接动名词或名词，均不符合本句结构。
2. （2022·陕西西安）Knives ______ cut things in our daily life.
A. used to B. are used to C. are used for D. get used to
答案：B
解析：本题考查 be used to do sth. 的用法。主语 knives 是物品，表“被用来做某事”，be used to do sth. 是被动结构，后接动词原形，符合“刀被用来切东西”的句意。used to do sth. 表过去习惯；are used for 后接名词或动名词；get used to 后接动名词表“习惯于”，均不符合。
3. （2021·福建福州）My grandparents ______ living in the countryside because the air there is fresh.
A. used to B. are used to C. were used to D. use to
答案：B
解析：本题考查 be used to doing sth. 的用法。句中 living 是动名词，be used to doing sth. 表示“习惯于做某事”，主语是人；结合后半句一般现在时的语境，用 are used to 符合时态要求。used to 后接动词原形；were used to 是过去时，与语境不符；use to 为错误搭配。
4. （2023·江西南昌）Did your father ______ ride a bike to work —Yes, but now he ______ driving a car to work.
A. used to; is used to B. use to; is used to C. used to; used to D. use to; used to
答案：B
解析：第一空，问句以 Did 开头，used to do sth. 变疑问句时需还原为 use to；第二空，driving 是动名词，结合 now 可知用 is used to doing sth. 表“现在习惯于开车上班”。
5. （2022·安徽合肥）Paper ______ make books and newspapers for hundreds of years.
A. used to B. is used to C. has been used to D. has used to
答案：C
解析：本题考查 be used to do sth. 的现在完成时被动结构。for hundreds of years 是现在完成时的标志，主语 paper 与“使用”是被动关系，因此用 has been used to do sth.，表示“纸张几百年来一直被用来制作书籍和报纸”。
考点四：remember to do sth. 与 remember doing sth.
教材原句:Remember to speak up! 记得大声说出来！
◆ 辨析
remember to do sth.：表示“记得要做某事”，指事情还未做。
remember doing sth.：表示“记得做过某事”，指事情已经做了。
例句：
Please remember to shut off the electricity and water before you leave the laboratory. 离开实验室前，请记得关掉水电。
I remember going there three years ago. 我记得三年前去过那里。
◆精题巧练
1. （2023·河南郑州）—Don’t forget ______ the windows before leaving the classroom.
—OK, I won’t.
A. to close B. closing C. close D. closed
答案：A
解析：本题考查 remember to do sth. 的同义结构延伸（forget to do sth.）。句中“离开教室前关窗”是还未做的事，remember to do sth. 表示“记得要做某事（未做）”，其同义结构 forget to do sth. 表示“忘记要做某事（未做）”，因此选 to close。
2. （2022·广东深圳）
I clearly remember ______ the letter for you yesterday. Did you receive it
A. to post B. posting C. post D. posted
答案：B
解析：本题考查 remember doing sth. 的用法。句中时间状语 yesterday 表明“寄信”是已经发生过的动作，remember doing sth. 表示“记得做过某事（已做）”，因此选 posting。
3. （2021·江苏无锡）
—I remember ______ my book to the classroom, but I can’t find it now.
—Maybe someone took it by mistake.
答案：B
解析：本题考查 remember doing sth. 的语境判断。后半句“现在找不到了”暗示“把书带到教室”是已经完成的动作，remember doing sth. 表示“记得做过某事（已做）”，因此选 bringing。
4. （2023·湖南岳阳）
Please remember ______ your homework to school tomorrow, or the teacher will be angry.
A. to take B. taking C. take D. takes
答案：A
解析：本题考查 remember to do sth. 的用法。句中时间状语 tomorrow 表明“带作业去学校”是还未发生的动作，remember to do sth. 表示“记得要做某事（未做）”，因此选 to take。
5. （2022·山东潍坊）
She remembered ______ him in the bookstore before, so she said hello to him warmly.
A. to see B. seeing C. see D. saw
答案：B
解析：本题考查 remember doing sth. 的用法。句中 before 表明“在书店见过他”是过去已经发生的动作，remember doing sth. 表示“记得做过某事（已做）”，因此选 seeing。
考点五：lonely 与 alone
教材原句:Old Mr Green doesn’t feel ______ because some students visit him regularly. 格林老先生不觉得______，因为一些学生定期去看望他。
◆ 辨析
lonely：形容词，意为“孤独的；寂寞的”，作表语或定语，强调主观上孤独、寂寞，带有感彩。
alone：形容词/副词，意为“单独的；独自的/单独地；独自地”，作表语或状语，强调客观上一个人，不带感彩。
例句：
He has no friends. He feels lonely. 他没有朋友，他感到很孤独。
He is singing alone under a tree. 他独自一人在树下唱歌。
◆精题巧练
1. （2023·浙江绍兴）Though he lives ______ in the countryside, he doesn’t feel ______ at all.
A. alone; lonely B. lonely; alone C. alone; alone D. lonely; lonely
答案：A
解析：本题考查两者的核心用法区别。第一空修饰动词 lives，用副词 alone，强调“客观上独自一人居住”；第二空作 feel 的表语，用形容词 lonely，强调“主观上的孤独感”。句意为“虽然他独自住在乡下，但他一点也不觉得孤独”。
2. （2022·湖北宜昌）
My elder sister likes staying at home by herself, but she never feels ______.
A. alone B. lonely C. happy D. excited
答案：B
解析：句中 by herself 已经体现“客观上独自在家”，结合转折词 but 可知，后半句强调“主观上不感到孤独”，因此用 lonely。alone 表客观状态，happy 和 excited 与句意逻辑不符。
3. （2021·山东泰安）
—Why does she often look ______
—Because she has no friends to talk with here.
A. alone B. friendly C. lonely D. angrily
答案：C
解析：答句“没有朋友聊天”是主观孤独的原因，因此 look 后接 lonely，表示“看起来孤独”。alone 不能用于 look 后表“孤独”；friendly 意为“友好的”，angrily 是副词，不能作表语，均不符合语境。
4. （2023·四川绵阳）
You can’t leave your little brother ______ at home. It’s dangerous.
A. lonely B. alone C. with D. for
答案：B
解析：本题考查固定搭配 leave sb. alone，意为“把某人单独留下”，alone 强调“客观上独自一人”，符合“留小弟弟独自在家很危险”的句意。lonely 表主观情感，with 和 for 不符合搭配和句意。
5. （2022·江苏常州）
The old man used to live ______ in a small house, but now he lives with his children and never feels ______.
A. lonely; alone B. alone; lonely C. alone; alone D. lonely; lonely
答案：B
解析：第一空修饰动词 live，用 alone 表“过去独自住在小房子里”；第二空作 feel 的表语，用 lonely 表“现在和孩子住，再也不觉得孤独”，完美契合两者“客观状态”与“主观情感”的区别。
考点七：stop doing sth. 与 stop to do sth.
教材原句:Age to stop working. 到了停止工作的年纪。
◆ 辨析
stop doing sth.：表示“停止做某事”，指停止正在做的事情。
stop to do sth.：表示“停下来去做某事”，指停下来去做另外一件事情。
例句：
The teacher is coming. Please stop talking. 老师来了，请停止说话。
You are so tired. Stop to have a rest. 你太累了，停下来休息一下吧。
◆精题巧练
1. （2023·江苏苏州）When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped ______ at once.
A. talking B. to talk C. talk D. talked
答案：A
解析：本题考查 stop doing sth. 的用法。老师进教室时，学生要停止正在进行的动作（说话），stop doing sth. 表示“停止正在做的事”，因此选 talking。stop to do sth. 表“停下当前事去做另一件”，不符合语境。
2. （2022·广东广州）We got lost on the way, so we stopped ______ a map carefully.
A. looking at B. to look at C. look at D. looked at
答案：B
解析：本题考查 stop to do sth. 的用法。我们迷路了，所以要停下走路这个动作，去做看地图这件事，stop to do sth. 表示“停下来去做另一件事”，因此选 to look at。
3. （2021·湖北武汉）The workers stopped ______ when the lunch bell rang, and then they went to the dining hall.
A. working B. to work C. work D. worked
答案：A
解析：午餐铃响时，工人要停止正在进行的工作，stop doing sth. 符合“停止当前动作”的语境，因此选 working。stop to work 表“停下别的事去工作”，与后一句“去食堂”矛盾。
4. （2023·山东青岛）Please stop ______ so much noise here, and stop ______ the rules quietly.
A. making; to listen to B. to make; listening to C. making; listening to D. to make; to listen to
答案：A
解析：第一空，stop making noise 表示“停止制造噪音”，用 stop doing sth.；第二空，stop to listen to the rules 表示“停下制造噪音的行为，去听规则”，用 stop to do sth.，因此选 A。
5. （2022·浙江杭州）When she saw an old man fall down, she stopped ______ to him at once.
A. running; to help B. to run; helping C. running; helping D. to run; to help
答案：A
解析：看到老人摔倒，她停止正在进行的跑步动作，用 stop running；然后停下来去帮助老人，用 stop to help，因此选 A。
考点八：on, in 与 at
教材原句:On the first evening, the three of us were tired after walking for about eight hours. 第一天晚上，我们三个人走了大约八个小时后都累了。
◆ 辨析
on：用在具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上前。
in：用在年、月、季节及泛指的上午、下午或晚上等前。
at：用在钟点前或用于某些固定短语中。
例句：
on Monday morning 在周一早上
in May / in the morning 在五月/在早上
at six / at noon / at night 在六点/在中午/在晚上
◆精题巧练
1. （2023·湖南长沙）
We are going to have a picnic ______ the afternoon of October 1st.
A. in B. on C. at D. for
答案：B
解析：本题考查 on 的用法。the afternoon of October 1st 是具体某一天的下午，on 用于具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上前，因此选 on。
2. （2022·江苏南京）
The 2026 World Cup will be held ______ summer in North America.
A. in B. on C. at D. with
答案：A
解析：本题考查 in 的用法。summer 是季节，in 用于年、月、季节及泛指的上午、下午或晚上前，因此选 in。
3. （2021·广东深圳）
—What time do you usually get up on weekends
—I usually get up ______ 8:00 a.m.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
答案：C
解析：本题考查 at 的用法。8:00 a.m. 是具体钟点，at 用于钟点前或某些固定短语中，因此选 at。
4. （2023·山东济南）
My father likes reading newspapers ______ the morning every day.
A. in B. on C. at D. of
答案：A
解析：本题考查 in 的用法。the morning every day 是泛指的上午，并非具体某一天的上午，因此用 in。
5. （2022·浙江温州）
It’s not safe to go out ______ night alone in this neighborhood.
A. in B. on C. at D. for
答案：C
解析：本题考查 at 的固定搭配。at night 是固定短语，意为“在晚上”，因此选 at。
考点九：fall asleep 与 be asleep
教材原句:We soon fell asleep. 我们很快就睡着了。
◆ 辨析
fall asleep：表示“入睡；睡着”，强调动作，为非延续性动词短语，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
be asleep：表示“睡着”，强调状态，可与表示一段时间的状语连用。
例句：
After a while I fell asleep. 过了一会儿，我睡着了。
The baby has been asleep for two hours. 这个婴儿已经睡了两个小时了。
◆精题巧练
1. （2023·湖北襄阳）When I got home yesterday, my little sister ______ quickly because she was too tired.
A. fell asleep B. was asleep C. falls asleep D. is asleep
答案：A
解析：本题考查 fall asleep 的用法。句中 when 引导的时间状语强调“到家那一刻”的动作，fall asleep 表“入睡”的动作，结合 yesterday 可知用一般过去时，因此选 fell asleep。be asleep 表状态，不符合此处动作语境。
2. （2022·四川南充）The little boy ______ for three hours. Don’t wake him up.
A. fell asleep B. has fallen asleep C. has been asleep D. was asleep
答案：C
解析：本题考查 be asleep 的用法。for three hours 是表示一段时间的状语，需与延续性的状态连用；be asleep 表“睡着”的状态，此处用现在完成时 has been asleep 体现状态持续，fall asleep 是瞬间动作，不能与时间段连用。
3. （2021·河南洛阳）—Why didn’t you reply to my call just now
—Sorry, I ______ and didn’t hear the ring at all.
A. fell asleep B. was asleep C. am asleep D. will fall asleep
答案：B
解析：本题考查 be asleep 的用法。答句强调“打电话时正处于睡着的状态”，因此用 was asleep 表过去持续的状态；fall asleep 表入睡的动作，不符合“没听到铃声”的状态语境。
4. （2023·江西赣州）It’s too noisy outside. It’s hard for me ______ easily.
A. fall asleep B. to fall asleep C. be asleep D. to be asleep
答案：B
解析：本题考查固定句型和短语用法。It’s hard for sb. to do sth. 是固定句型，排除A、C；句中强调“入睡”这个动作难以完成，因此用 to fall asleep，to be asleep 表状态，不符合句意。
5. （2022·浙江嘉兴）The girl ______ when her mother came back, so her mother covered her with a quilt quietly.
A. fell asleep B. falls asleep C. was asleep D. will be asleep
答案：C
解析：本题考查 be asleep 的用法。后半句“妈妈悄悄盖被子”说明女孩当时正处于“睡着的状态”，因此用 was asleep；fall asleep 表入睡动作，不符合语境，且主句时态需与 came 一致，用一般过去时。
考点十：except, besides 与 but
教材原句:Don’t eat or drink anywhere except in the restaurant. 除了餐厅里，不要在任何地方吃喝。
◆ 辨析
except：意为“除了……外”，强调“从整体中除去”，常与all, always, every等连用。
besides：意为“除……外，还有”，包括besides后的内容。
but：意为“除……之外”，常与nothing, no, nobody等连用，表示仅有或存在but后的内容。
例句：
The office is open every day except Sundays. 除了周日，这个办公室每天都开放。
I like maths besides English. 除了英语，我还喜欢数学。
She had nothing but two pieces of bread this morning. 今天早上她除了两片面包，什么都没吃。
◆精题巧练
1. （2023·四川成都）The library is open every day ______ Monday. It needs to be cleaned on that day.
A. except B. besides C. but D. with
答案：A
解析：本题考查 except 的用法。句中“图书馆每天开放”是整体情况，“周一闭馆清洁”是从整体中排除的部分，except 表“从整体中除去”，符合句意。besides 表“除了……还有”，包含后者；but 多与否定词连用，均不符合语境。
2. （2022·浙江宁波）
______ English, he also learns French and Japanese in his free time.
A. Except B. But C. Besides D. Without
答案：C
解析：本题考查 besides 的用法。后半句“还学法语和日语”说明 English 是包含在内的内容，besides 表“除……之外还有”，强调附加，因此选 C。except 表排除，but 不用于此语境，without 意为“没有”，均不符合。
3. （2021·湖南长沙）
The little girl said she had nothing ______ a doll in her schoolbag.
A. except B. besides C. but D. and
答案：C
解析：本题考查 but 的固定搭配。nothing but 是常用结构，意为“只有；除了……之外什么都没有”，符合“书包里除了一个玩偶什么都没有”的句意。except 虽可表排除，但不与 nothing 构成这种固定搭配；besides 表包含，不符合语境。
4. （2023·山东济南）
All the students in our class went to the park yesterday ______ Lucy. She was ill at home.
A. besides B. except C. but D. beside
答案：B
解析：本题考查 except 与 all 的搭配用法。all 指代“全班同学”，Lucy 是因病未去的人，属于从整体中排除的个体，except 与 all 连用表“除了……之外都”，符合句意。besides 表包含，but 多与否定词连用，beside 意为“在……旁边”，均不符合。
5. （2022·湖北武汉）
—Do you know any other foreign languages ______ German
—Yes. I can also speak Spanish.
A. except B. but C. besides D. for
答案：C
解析：本题考查 besides 的语境用法。答句“还会说西班牙语”说明问句是询问“除了德语之外是否还会其他外语”，besides 表“除……之外还有”，强调包含德语且附加其他语言，因此选 C。except 表排除，but 不用于此场景，均不符合。
语法点
一、形容词与副词的句法功能
1. 形容词的句法功能
定语：置于名词前修饰名词；若修饰不定代词（something/anything/nothing等），需后置。
例：Did you see that old photograph that I found It's a lovely picture.（定语）
例：Is there anything special in the paper today （修饰不定代词后置）
表语：置于系动词（be/seem等）之后。
例：They were very nice.
例：People's lives seem busy now.
宾语补足语：补充说明宾语的状态。
例：We must keep our classroom clean and tidy.
注意：部分以-ly结尾的词是形容词（如weekly“每周的”、friendly“友好的”），需区分词性。
例：A friendly voice answered the phone.
2. 副词的句法功能
副词主要作状语，可修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表程度、方式等。
例：They speak highly of you.
例：We were very lucky to find you here.
例：Hopefully, we'll meet again on Friday.
二、形容词与副词的比较级和最高级
1. 比较级的句型
(1) 比较级 + than：表示“比……更……”
例：Health is more important than wealth.
例：He got up earlier than I did this morning.
(2) 比较级 + and + 比较级：表示“越来越……”
例：The story gets more and more exciting.
例：Our lives are getting better and better.
(3) The + 比较级, the + 比较级：表示“越……，越……”
例：The more time you spend on it, the greater progress you will make.
例：The more he talked, the more excited he grew.
(4) 同级比较：用as...as（肯定）/not so/as...as（否定）表示“和……一样/不如……”
例：He is as tall as his father.
例：I get up not so early as you.
2. 最高级的表达方式
(1) the + 最高级 + of/in...：表示在特定范围内“最……”
例：Jim is the tallest of the three.
例：He is the most diligent student in his class.
(2) 选择疑问句：用于三者及以上的比较
例：Who is the tallest, Tom, Jack or Bill
(3) the + 最高级 + 定语从句：强调“最……的事物/人”
例：It is the most interesting book I have ever read.
3. 比较级和最高级的修饰语
比较级修饰语：置于比较级前，如much“……得多”、still“仍然”、a lot“很”、even“甚至”、far“远”。
例：He worked much harder then.
最高级修饰语：置于最高级前，如almost“几乎”、by far“显然；……得多”、far“远”、much“……得多”。
例：This is by far the most expensive bag in the shop.
三、情态动词
核心要点：本模块从表意角度总结情态动词的用法，核心是根据表达意图选择合适的情态动词。
1. 表示能力用can（现在/一般能力）或could（过去能力）表达“能做某事”。
例：My five-year-old daughter can draw a beautiful picture in five minutes.
例：As soon as Mike could read, he read books about robots.
2. 表示可能性
用may/might（可能性较弱）或can/could（客观可能性）表达“可能”。
例：Jane may be at home.
例：I might talk to him.
例：You can go to Beijing by train.
3. 表示许可或征求对方许可
用can/could/may/might，could/might比can/may更委婉。
例：You can/may start your work now.
例：Could/May I come a little later tomorrow I don't feel myself.
4. 表示请求对方做事情
常用句式：Will/Would/Could you (please)... / Would you mind...
例：Would you please help me with this suitcase
例：Would you mind turning down the music
5. 表示建议和邀请
常用句式：Would you like (to)... / Shall we...
例：Would you like to play basketball
例：Shall we go
6. 表示意愿
用would like/love to...表达“想要做某事”。
例：I'd like to be a scientist.
7. 表示应该、义务
用should（建议性“应该”）、ought to（语气更正式）、must（强调“必须”）。
例：You should talk to your parents.
例：I ought to train more to improve my skill.
8. 表示命令、禁止、不得不
用must（命令）、mustn't（禁止）、have to（客观“不得不”）。
例：You must study maths to be an engineer.
例：You mustn't tell it to anyone.
例：You have to come early tomorrow.
9. 表示没必要做某事
用needn't（主观“不必”）、don't have to（客观“不必”）。
例：You don't have to worry about money. I can lend you some in time of need.
精题巧练
1. （2025·四川成都·中考）
Mount Gongga is the ______ mountain in Sichuan, higher than any other in this area.
A. high B. higher C. highest D. the highest
答案：C
解析：考查形容词最高级。由范围限定词"in Sichuan"和"higher than any other"可知，此处表示在特定范围内的最高级，high的最高级为highest，且前面已有定冠词the，故选C。
2. （2024·天津·中考）
Many people think eating at home is ________ than eating in the restaurant.
A. healthy B. healthier C. healthiest D. the healthiest
答案：B
解析：考查形容词比较级。根据标志词"than"可知，此处应用比较级形式，healthy的比较级为healthier，故选B。
3. （2024·黑龙江绥化·中考）
After doing sports, he is ________ of the boys.
A. strong B. stronger C. the strongest D. strongest
答案：C
解析：考查形容词最高级。由范围词"of the boys"可知，此处表示在多个男孩中进行比较，应用最高级，strong的最高级为strongest，且最高级前需加定冠词the，故选C。
4. （2023·四川成都·中考）
The book of Songs is the _______ collection of poems in China and the beginning of China's poetry tradition.
A. early B. earlier C. earliest D. the earliest
答案：C
解析：考查形容词最高级。根据常识和语境，《诗经》是中国最早的诗歌集，应用最高级形式，early的最高级为earliest，前面已有定冠词the，故选C。
5. （2024·安徽·中考）
In summer, the trees we planted in the school are________ with green leaves.
A. thick B. soft C. clear D. light
答案：A
解析：考查形容词辨析。thick茂密的；soft柔软的；clear清楚的；light轻的。根据"with green leaves"可知，此处描述夏天树叶茂密的样子，故选A。
6. （2025·吉林长春·中考）
Nothing is _______ than a glass of water when you are thirsty.
A. nice B. nicer C. nicest D. the nicest
答案：B
解析：考查形容词比较级。由比较级标志词"than"可知，此处应用比较级形式，nice的比较级为nicer，故选B。
7. （2024·山东东营·中考）
A new study shows that sunshine can make men feel ________. They will eat more food after receiving UVB rays from the sun.
A. hungrier B. hungry C. hungrily D. more hungrily
答案：A
解析：考查形容词比较级。feel为系动词，后接形容词作表语；根据"they will eat more food"可知，此处表示"更饿"，应用比较级hungrier，故选A。
8. （2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考）
Remember this, kids. The harder you work, the ________ progress you will make.
A. great B. greater C. greatest D. the greatest
答案：B
解析：考查形容词比较级特殊句型。"The+比较级, the+比较级"表示"越……，越……"，great的比较级为greater，故选B。
9. （2025·北京·中考）
Mom, ______ I go to the cinema with my classmates this Sunday afternoon
A. may B. must C. can D. might
答案：A
解析：考查情态动词表许可。may和might用于征求许可，may语气更常用；can也可表许可，但此处用may更委婉礼貌，符合孩子向妈妈请求的语境，故选A。
10. （2025·甘肃武威·中考）
—______ you please pass me the salt I can't reach it.
—Sure, here you are.
A. Must B. Should C. Could D. Might
答案：C
解析：考查情态动词表请求。"Could you please..."是委婉请求的常用句式，语气比"Can you..."更礼貌，符合语境，故选C。
11. （2024·江苏南通·中考）
—Must I use pink to paint my bedroom
—No, you ________. You can choose any color you like.
A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. shouldn't
答案：C
解析：考查情态动词must的否定回答。must提问的否定回答用needn't或don't have to，表示"不必"，mustn't表示"禁止"，不符合语境，故选C。
12. （2023·福建·中考）
—It's such a long way!
—Don't worry. You ________ share a ride with me.
A. must B. can C. should D. need
答案：B
解析：考查情态动词表可能性。can表示"可以、能够"，此处表示提供帮助，让对方可以和自己一起乘车，符合语境，故选B。
13. （2024·江苏常州·中考）
When you make a fresh salad, you ______ add your favorite fruit if you would like to.
A. may B. should C. must D. have to
答案：A
解析：考查情态动词表许可。may表示"可以"，此处表示做沙拉时可以根据喜好添加水果，是一种许可，不是必须或应该，故选A。
14. （2023·北京·中考）
—Must I stay here and wait for you
—No, you ________. You can go home first.
A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. shouldn't
答案：C
解析：考查情态动词must的否定回答。must提问否定回答用needn't/don't have to，表"不必"，mustn't表"禁止"，不符合语境，故选C。
15. （2025·绥化·中考）
My grandma is 85 years old, but she ________ still read newspapers without glasses.
A. can B. must C. should D. need
答案：A
解析：考查情态动词表能力。can表示"能够"，此处描述奶奶85岁仍能不戴眼镜看报纸的能力，符合语境，故选A。
16. （2024·黑龙江绥化·中考）
I ________ understand what he was saying because it's ________ to follow a quick speaker.
A. hard; hard B. hardly; hard C. hard; hardly D. hardly; hardly
答案：B
解析：考查副词和形容词辨析。hardly是副词，表示"几乎不"；hard作形容词表示"困难的"，作副词表示"努力地"。第一空修饰动词understand，用hardly；第二空是"it's+形容词+to do"结构，用hard，故选B。
