现在完成时（寒假复习讲义 练习）（含答案）八年级英语新外研版

现在完成时（寒假复习讲义+练习）八年级英语新外研版
一、现在完成时的两种核心用法
用法1：表示“已完成”或“已发生”
核心概念： 强调过去发生的某个动作已经完成，并且这个完成的动作对现在产生了影响或结果。
典型例句分析：
I have already finished my homework.（“完成作业”这个动作发生在过去，但强调的是现在的状态：我现在有空了/我可以做其他事了。）
She has just left the office.（“离开”发生在不久前的过去，但强调的是现在的结果：她现在不在这里了/你找不到她了。）
He has lost his keys.（“丢钥匙”发生在过去某个时间，但强调的是现在的状况：他现在没有钥匙/他现在进不了门。）
用法2：表示“未完成”或“持续”
核心概念： 表示从过去某个时间点开始的动作或状态，一直持续到现在，并且可能继续下去。
典型例句分析：
We have lived in Beijing for ten years.（从十年前开始居住，一直住到现在，并且可能继续住下去。）
I have known Li Ming since we were children.（从孩童时期开始认识，认识的状态一直持续到现在。）
It has rained for three hours.（下雨从三小时前开始，一直下到现在。）
二、现在完成时的句子结构
肯定句： 主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 (p.p.)
I/We/You/They have finished the project.
He/She/It has finished the project.
否定句： 主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词
We have not (haven‘t) visited the museum yet.
She has not (hasn’t) received the email.
一般疑问句： Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词？
Have you eaten breakfast
Has Tom arrived yet
特殊疑问句： 疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词？
Where have you been
How long has she lived here
时间状语
1：表示“不确定的过去时间”
already（已经）：用于肯定句，表示惊讶或强调
位置： 通常放在have/has之后，过去分词之前
They have already gone home.
yet（还，已经）：用于否定句和疑问句
否定句： 表示“还没有”，放在句末
I haven‘t finished yet.
疑问句： 表示“已经……了吗？”，放在句末
Have you done your homework yet
just（刚刚）：表示动作刚刚完成
He has just called you.
ever（曾经）：用于疑问句，询问经历
Have you ever been to Shanghai
never（从未）：用于否定句，比not更强
I have never seen such a beautiful sunset.
before（以前）：表示“在此之前”
I have seen this movie before.
2：表示“从过去延续到现在的时间段”
for + 时间段：表示动作持续了多长时间
for two hours, for three days, for a long time
since + 时间点：表示动作从某个时间点开始
since 1999, since last Monday, since I was a child
since从句： since we met, since he left
四、延续性动词 vs. 非延续性动词（瞬间动词）
重要规则： 非延续性动词（如buy, die, join, leave）不能与for/since等表示一段时间的状语连用。
错误： I have bought this book for a week. (×)
正确表达方式：
改用延续性动词：I have had this book for a week.
改用一般过去时：I bought this book a week ago.
用It is... since...结构：It is a week since I bought this book.
常见非延续性动词转化：
buy → have
die → be dead
join → be in/be a member of
leave → be away (from)
borrow → keep
come → be here
begin/start → be on
五、现在完成时与一般过去时的核心区别
对比维度 现在完成时 一般过去时
时间 过去与现在的联系 过去的特定时间
时间状语 for, since, already, yet, ever, never, just, so far yesterday, last week, in 1999, two days ago, when I was young
是否持续 可能持续到现在 已完全结束
例句对比 I have lived here for 5 years. (现在还住这里) I lived here for 5 years. (现在不住这里了)
例句对比 She has lost her phone. (现在还没找到) She lost her phone yesterday. (只陈述过去事实)
简单判断方法：
如果句子中有明确的过去时间点（yesterday, last night, in 2010等），一定用一般过去时
如果强调对现在的影响或结果，或者动作持续到现在，用现在完成时
回答“How long”的问题，用现在完成时；回答“When”的问题，用一般过去时
基础练习:
一、判断下列句子强调的重点，选择A（已完成/对现在的影响）或B（未完成/持续状态）：
1.My father has worked in this company for 20 years. ( )
2.I’ve already had dinner, so I’m not hungry. ( )
3.Have you ever ridden a horse ( )
4.She has been a teacher since she graduated. ( )
5.Oh no! I‘ve forgotten to bring my wallet! ( )
二、用现在完成时或一般过去时填空：
1.I __________ (meet) him two days ago.
2.__________ you __________ (read) this book yet
3.She __________ (live) in Shanghai since 2018.
4.What __________ you __________ (do) last weekend
5.We __________ (not see) each other for a long time.
6.My brother __________ (just/finish) his homework.
7.__________ they __________ (visit) the Great Wall when they were in Beijing
8.How long __________ you __________ (know) your best friend
9.I __________ (buy) a new bike yesterday.
10.He __________ (be) to England three times.
三、为下列句子选择合适的完成时时间状语：
(for 3 years, already, yet, ever, since 2020, just, never, so far)
1.I have ________ tried Japanese food. I really want to try it someday.
2.Have you finished the report ________ The boss needs it soon.
3.They have been married ________. They got married in 2021.
4.Don’t worry about the dishes. I‘ve ________ washed them.
5.She has lived in this neighborhood ________. She moved here three years ago.
6.________, we have collected 500 books for the children in the village.
7.Have you ________ seen a panda in real life
8.I’ve ________ told you the answer three times!
四、句子转换练习
1.He joined the basketball team two years ago. (改为现在完成时)
→ He __________ __________ a member of the basketball team __________ two years.
2.The movie began 30 minutes ago. (改为现在完成时)
→ The movie __________ __________ __________ for 30 minutes.
3.She has already read today‘s newspaper. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
→ __________ she read today’s newspaper __________
→ No, __________ __________.
4.They bought their house in 2010. (用since改写句子)
→ They __________ __________ their house __________ 2010.
5.I last saw Tom three days ago. (用for改写句子)
→ I __________ __________ __________ Tom __________ three days.
6.She started to learn English when she was five. (保持句意不变)
→ She __________ __________ English __________ she was five.
五、找出每句中的一处错误并改正：
1.I have received his letter for a week.
→ ________________________________
2.She has gone to Beijing twice.
→ ________________________________
3.Have you ever gone to the new museum
→ ________________________________
4.They have left Shanghai since last month.
→ ________________________________
5.How long have you bought this computer
→ ________________________________
六、情景对话补全：用现在完成时补全对话：
Tom: Hi, Lucy! I haven‘t seen you for ages! (1) _________________________ (you/be) recently
Lucy: I’ve been quite busy. I (2) _________________________ (just/finish) a big project.
Tom: That‘s great! (3) _________________________ (you/decide) what to do next
Lucy: Not yet. But I (4) _________________________ (already/apply) for two new jobs.
Tom: Good luck! By the way, (5) _________________________ (you/hear) from Mike recently
Lucy: Yes, he (6) _________________________ (just/send) me an email. He’s doing well in Canada.
七、用括号中动词的现在完成时形式填空：
Dear Diary,
What a busy week! I (1) __________ (not have) much free time at all. On Monday, I (2) __________ (start) my new volunteer job at the library. So far, I (3) __________ (help) organize over 200 books! My friend Lisa (4) __________ (work) there for six months, and she (5) __________ (teach) me a lot.
Yesterday something exciting happened. I (6) __________ (just/win) a writing competition! I (7) __________ (enter) it three times before, but this is my first win. My parents (8) __________ (promise) to take me to my favorite restaurant to celebrate.
The only bad news is that I (9) __________ (lose) my favorite pen. I (10) __________ (look) for it everywhere, but I can’t find it. I hope it turns up soon!
参考答案（请独立完成后核对）
一、 1.B 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.A
二、1.met 2.Have, read 3.has lived 4.did, do 5.haven‘t seen 6.has just finished 7.Did, visit 8.have, known 9.bought 10.has been
三、1.never 2.yet 3.since 2021 4.already 5.for 3 years 6.So far 7.ever 8.already
四：1.has been, for
2.has been on
3.Has, yet; she hasn’t
4.have owned/have had, since
5.haven‘t seen, for
6.has learned/since
五、
1.I received his letter a week ago. / It has been a week since I received his letter.
2.She has been to Beijing twice.
3.Have you ever been to the new museum
4.They left Shanghai last month. / They have been away from Shanghai since last month.
5.How long have you had this computer / When did you buy this computer
六、
1.Where have you been
2.have just finished
3.Have you decided
4.have already applied
5.have you heard
6.has just sent
七、
1.haven’t had
2.started
3.have helped
4.has worked
5.has taught
6.have just won
7.have entered
8.have promised
9.have lost
10.have looked