《直通名校》解题技巧提升课件 特色微专题 阅读理解微技能-高考英语二轮复习
文档属性
| 名称 | 《直通名校》解题技巧提升课件 特色微专题 阅读理解微技能-高考英语二轮复习 |
|
|
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 1.3MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-01-26 00:00:00 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
(共48张PPT)
特色微专题 阅读理解微技能
01.
目录contents
02.
微技能二
微技能一
微技能一
01.
巧记阅读理解中的同义替换
众所周知，高考阅读理解命题过程中，选项的设置不会照搬原文。无
论是正确选项还是干扰选项，通常都会进行同义转述或同义替换，正确选
项尤为如此。这一过程英文中叫作paraphrase，它通常是将原文中的繁琐表
达简单化。
因此，掌握同义替换是学生应对阅读理解试题的制胜法宝，对于高考
阅读获得高分具有举足轻重的意义。
（一）同义替换在2024年高考真题阅读理解中的体现
2024年真题 题干＋正确选项 同义替换
（新课标Ⅰ卷B篇）If he
seems a little defensive，
it might be because even
some of his coworkers
occasionally laugh at his
unusual methods. 24.What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him？ A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude. 答案：A odd替换unusual
答案：A
2024年真题 题干＋正确选项 同义替换
（新课标Ⅱ卷B篇）“At
the end of the day all
transit agencies right now
are doing everything they
can to improve the rider
experience. So I
absolutely think we will
get more riders just
because of short
stories，” she says. 27.What is Trost’s opinion
about BART’s future？ A. It will close down. B. Its profits will decline. C. It will expand nationwide. D. Its ridership will
increase. 答案：D Its ridership will
increase替换
we will get more
riders
答案：D
2024年真题 题干＋正确选项 同义替换
（新课标Ⅰ卷C篇）
According to this theory，
people approach digital
texts with a mindset suited
to social media， which
are often not so serious，
and devote less mental
effort than when they are
reading print. 29. What does the shallowing
hypothesis assume？ A. Readers treat digital texts
lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to
understand. C. People select digital texts
randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable
for social media. 答案：A treat ... lightly替
换
not so serious
答案：A
2024年真题 题干＋正确选项 同义替换
（1月浙江卷B篇）And
these books were
free.This unbeatable price
point encouraged me to
experiment with dozens of
titles that I would never
normally consider
buying.And I’ve
discovered some great
books！ 27.Why did the author start to
use the “library”？ A. He wanted to borrow
some love stories. B. He was encouraged by a
close neighbour. C. He found there were
excellent free books. D. He thought it was an ideal
place for reading. 答案：C found替换
discovered；
excellent替换
great
答案：C
2024年真题 题干＋正确选项 同义替换
（1月浙江卷B篇）And
these books were
free.This unbeatable price
point encouraged me to
experiment with dozens of
titles that I would never
normally consider
buying.And I’ve
discovered some great
books！ 27.Why did the author start to
use the “library”？ A. He wanted to borrow
some love stories. B. He was encouraged by a
close neighbour. C. He found there were
excellent free books. D. He thought it was an ideal
place for reading. 答案：C found替换
discovered；
excellent替换
great
答案：C
2024年真题 题干＋正确选项 同义替换
（全国甲卷A篇）We
look forward to welcoming
you as we showcase the
creativity of the Harvard
arts community through
performances， art
exhibitions and art-
making activities. 21.What do we know about
ARTS FIRST？ A. It is an exhibition of oil
paintings. B. It offers art courses for all
ages. C. It presents recreational
activities. D. It is a major tourist
attraction. 答案：C present替换
showcase；
recreational
activities替换
performances，art
exhibitions and
art-making
activities
答案：C
（二）同义替换在2023年高考真题阅读理解中的体现
2023年真题 题干＋正确选项 同义替换
（新课标Ⅰ卷A篇）The
tour departs from Dam
Square every hour on the
hour， starting at 1：00
pm every day.You can
buy your ticket in a
MacBike shop or book
online. 23.Where does the guided city
tour start？ A. The Gooyer Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge. C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square. 答案：D start替换depart
答案：D
2023年真题 题干＋正确选项 同义替换
（新课标Ⅱ卷B篇）And
at first it is， says Abby
Jaramillo， who with
another teacher started
Urban Sprouts， a school
garden program at four
low-income schools. 24.What do we know about Abby
Jaramillo？ A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family. C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts. 答案：D initiator替换 start
答案：D
2023年真题 题干＋正确选项 同义替换
（全国甲卷A篇）Head Chef
David Thompson， who received a
Michelin star for his London-based
Thai restaurant of the same name，
opened this branch in the
Metropolitan Hotel in 2010. Issaya Siamese Club Issaya Siamese Club is
internationally known Thai chef
Ian Kittichai’s first flagship
Bangkok restaurant. 21.What do Nahm and
Issaya Siamese Club
have in common？ A. They adopt modern
cooking methods. B. They have branches
in London. C. They have top-class
chefs. D. They are based in
hotels. 答案：C top-class替换
head和
internationally
known
答案：C
2023年真题 题干＋正确选项 同义替换
（全国乙卷B篇）Still，
looking back on the
photos， they are some
of my best shots though
they could have been so
much better if I would
have been prepared and
managed my time
wisely. 25.What is the key to successful
landscape photography according
to the author？ A. Proper time management. B. Good shooting techniques. C. Adventurous spirit. D. Distinctive styles. 答案：A proper替换
wisely
答案：A
2023年真题 题干＋正确选项 同义替换
（1月浙江卷C篇）A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols
mean. Indeed， to a computer， meaning is
irrelevant. 30.What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond？ A. Create rules. B. Comprehend meaning. C. Talk fluently. D. Identify difficult words. 答案：B Comprehend
meaning替换
specify what
those symbols
mean
答案：B
微技能二
02.
巧辨阅读理解中的派生词汇
近几年，高考英语阅读语篇倾向于直接取材英美主流报纸、杂志和书
籍，甚至是一些小众的报刊、网络博客、帖子等，这就意味着选材更加注
重语言的真实性、地道性和广泛性。由于选材语言越来越地道，越来越原
汁原味，里面含有大量的派生词、合成词与活用词。因此学生一定要有构
词意识，通过构词法和语境迅速猜出其意义，这是学生需要培养的一项重
要能力。
1. （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读A）Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital
role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across
the ridges and valleys.
restore v. 恢复；修复，整修
restoration n. 修复；恢复
2. （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B）If he seems a little defensive， it might be
because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual
methods.
defend vt.& vi. 保护；保卫
defensive adj. 戒备的，自卫的
3. （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B）Farber is certain that the holistic approach will
grow more popular with time， and if the past is any indication， he may be
right： Since 1982， membership in the American Holistic Veterinary
Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.
indicate v. 表明，标示；象征，暗示
indication n. 指示，标示；象征
4. （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读C）The reasons relate to a variety of factors，
including reduced concentration， an entertainment mindset （心态） and a
tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
tend v. 倾向于，往往会；照顾
tendency n. 偏好；趋势，趋向
5. （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读C）The benefits of print reading particularly shine
through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like
identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental
abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.
abstract adj. 抽象的
v. 抽象化
n. 摘要
abstraction n. 抽象；提取；抽象概念
6. （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读D）“We were particularly interested in exploring
the aspects of sampling that tend to bias （使有偏差） data， like the
greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant
instead of the grass right next to it，” said Daru.
likely adj. 可能发生的；似乎合适的
likelihood n. 可能，可能性；可能的事
7. （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读D）Biodiversity apps can use our study results to
inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even
species — that are not well-sampled.
sample n. 样本，样品
v. 对……作抽样调查
oversampled adj. 过度采样的
8. （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读D）To improve the quality of observational data，
biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the
identification of their uploaded image.
①observe v. 注意到，观察到；注视
observation n. 观察，监视；观察力
observational adj. 观测的；根据观察的
②identify v. 认出，识别；查明，确认
identification n. 辨认，识别；确认，确定
9. （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读七选五）It should give you a precise definition of
each word， thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are
similar， but not identical.
define v. 给……下定义；解释
definition n. 定义，释义
10. （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读A）With environmentalist anna Lamhna as the
guide， this walk promises to be an informative tour.
①environment n. 环境
environmentalist n. 环保主义者；环境保护论者
②information n. 信息，消息
informative adj. 提供有用信息的；给予知识的
11. （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读A）Those who are dressed inappropriately will
be refused permission to participate.
appropriate adj. 适当的
inappropriate adj. 不合适的
inappropriately adv. 不适当地
12. （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读B）And as of right now， we’ve received about
120 submissions.The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you
would be a published artist.
submit v. 提交，呈递；屈服
submission n. 提交（物）；投降，屈服
13. （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C）BMF employees live out sustainability in their
everyday lives.About half of them walk or bike to work.
sustainable adj. 可持续的
sustainability n. 可持续性
14. （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C）“We are passionate about reducing waste，
carbon and chemicals in our environment，” said a BMF employee.
passion n. 强烈情感，激情；酷爱
passionate adj. 具有强烈信念的
15. （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D）She explains we are at a “tipping point” in
history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for
humanity.
human n.人adj. 人的，人类的；人性的
humanity n. 人，人类；人性，仁慈
1. 前缀（dis-；im-；in-；ir-；un-；il-；non-）：表示否定或相反意义的
disagree vi. 不同意
disadvantage n. 缺点
disappear vi. 消失
discomfort n. 不舒适
discourage vt. 使泄气
dishonest adj. 不诚实的
impolite adj. 无礼的
impatient adj. 不耐烦的
immoral adj. 不道德的
informal adj. 非正式的
inconvenient adj. 不方便的
indirect adj. 间接的
independent adj. 独立的
inaccurate adj. 不准确的
incorrect adj. 不正确的
inexperienced adj. 没有经验的，不熟练的
inexpensive adj. 不贵的
incomparable adj. 无与伦比的
irregular adj. 不规则的
irresponsible adj. 不负责任的
irrelevant adj. 不相关的
irresistible adj. 不可遏止的
unusual adj. 不寻常的
uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的
unconscious adj. 失去知觉的
unintentional adj. 无意的
illegal adj. 不合法的
illogical adj. 不合逻辑的
illiterate adj. 不识字的
non-existent adj. 不存在的
non-profit adj. 非营利的
non-stop adj. （车、船等）中途不停的，直达的
2. 前缀（mis-）：表示“错误，坏”等否定含义
mislead vt. 误导
misunderstand v. 误解
misfortune n. 不幸
misuse vt. 误用
misspell v. 拼错
misinformation n. 误报，错误的消息
mistreat vt. 虐待
misbehave v. 行为不端，举止失礼
3. 前缀（de-）：表示“去掉；取消；毁”或“向下；降低，减少”
decode v. 破译
deforest vt. 砍伐森林
decrease v. 减少
depopulation n. 人口减少
4. 前缀（mini-；micro-）：表示“微小”
minibus n. 小型公共汽车
minimize vt. 最小化，使最小化
microscope n. 显微镜
microwave n. 微波（炉）
5. 前缀（inter-）：表示“在……之间，相互的”
interdependent adj. 互相依赖的，互相依存的
interaction n. 互动
Internet/internet n. 互联网
international adj. 国际的
6. 前缀（ex-）：表示“外，出”或“前面的，前任的”
export v. 出口，输出
exclude vt. 排除
ex-president n. 前任总统
7. 前缀（over-）：表示“在……之上”或“过度，过分”
overbridge n. 天桥
overlook vt. 俯视，忽视
overstudy n. 过度用功
overwork n.& v. 过度劳累，过分辛苦
oversleep vi. 睡得太久，睡过头
overstatement n. 大话，夸大的叙述
overemphasis n. 过分强调
8. 前缀（under-）：表示“在……下”或“不足，不够”
underground n. 地铁
adj. 地下的
underline vt. 在……下画线，强调
underestimate vt. 低估
underpopulated adj. 人口稀少的
9. 前缀（trans-）：表示“转移，转变”
transplant n.& v. 移植
transform v. 使变形
transport n.& v. 运输，运送
10. 前缀（pre-）：表示“先前的，预先”
pre-war adj. 战前的
preschool n. 幼儿园
adj. 学龄前的
prehistory n. 史前时期
previous adj. 以前的，先前的
preview n. 预映，预演
v. 写预评；预先播映（或展示）
11. 前缀（multi-）：表示“多”
multimedia adj. 多媒体的
n. 多媒体
multiply v. 乘，繁殖
multitask v. 多任务运行
multi-cultural adj. 多元文化的
multinational adj. 多国的
multipurpose adj. 多种用途的
12. 前缀（re-）：表示“再，重新”
recycle v. 循环利用
reconsider v. 重新考虑
rebuild v. 重建
recover v. 恢复
reunion n. 团聚
13. 前缀（co-）：表示“共同，一起”
cooperation n. 合作
coexistence n. 共存
co-founder n. 共同创办人
co-author n. 合著者
vt. 合著
14. 前缀（auto-）：表示“自动的”
automobile n. 汽车
autobiography n. 自传
autofocus n. （照相机的）自动聚焦装置
15. 前缀（out-）：表示“超过，过度”
outdo vt. 胜过，优于
outlive vt. 活得比……长
outnumber vt. 在数量上超过
outweigh vt. （在重要性或意义上）超过，比（某人）重
16. 后缀（-ise/ize）：加在名词或形容词的后面构成动词
popularize v. 宣传，推广，使普及
apologize v. 道歉，谢罪
publicise vt. 宣传，宣扬
prioritise vt. 给予……优先权，优先处理
17. 后缀（-ify）：表示“使……化”
simplify vt. 简化
beautify vt. 美化
diversify vt. 使多样化
purify vt. 净化
18. 后缀（-tion；-ment；-sion）：多构成名词
industrialization n. 工业化
globalization n. 全球化
entertainment n. 娱乐
judg（e）ment n. 判断力
decision n. 决定
impression n. 印象
19. 后缀（-ful；-tive；-able）：多构成形容词
grateful adj. 感激的
eventful adj. 充满大事的，多变故的
graceful adj. 优美的
powerful adj. 强大的，有影响力的
objective adj. 客观的
interactive adj. 互动的
creative adj. 创造（性）的
attractive adj. 吸引人的，有吸引力的
adjustable adj. 可调节的
affordable adj. 买得起的
controllable adj. 可控制的
exchangeable adj. 可交换的
特色微专题 阅读理解微技能
01.
目录contents
02.
微技能二
微技能一
微技能一
01.
巧记阅读理解中的同义替换
众所周知，高考阅读理解命题过程中，选项的设置不会照搬原文。无
论是正确选项还是干扰选项，通常都会进行同义转述或同义替换，正确选
项尤为如此。这一过程英文中叫作paraphrase，它通常是将原文中的繁琐表
达简单化。
因此，掌握同义替换是学生应对阅读理解试题的制胜法宝，对于高考
阅读获得高分具有举足轻重的意义。
（一）同义替换在2024年高考真题阅读理解中的体现
2024年真题 题干＋正确选项 同义替换
（新课标Ⅰ卷B篇）If he
seems a little defensive，
it might be because even
some of his coworkers
occasionally laugh at his
unusual methods. 24.What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him？ A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude. 答案：A odd替换unusual
答案：A
2024年真题 题干＋正确选项 同义替换
（新课标Ⅱ卷B篇）“At
the end of the day all
transit agencies right now
are doing everything they
can to improve the rider
experience. So I
absolutely think we will
get more riders just
because of short
stories，” she says. 27.What is Trost’s opinion
about BART’s future？ A. It will close down. B. Its profits will decline. C. It will expand nationwide. D. Its ridership will
increase. 答案：D Its ridership will
increase替换
we will get more
riders
答案：D
2024年真题 题干＋正确选项 同义替换
（新课标Ⅰ卷C篇）
According to this theory，
people approach digital
texts with a mindset suited
to social media， which
are often not so serious，
and devote less mental
effort than when they are
reading print. 29. What does the shallowing
hypothesis assume？ A. Readers treat digital texts
lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to
understand. C. People select digital texts
randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable
for social media. 答案：A treat ... lightly替
换
not so serious
答案：A
2024年真题 题干＋正确选项 同义替换
（1月浙江卷B篇）And
these books were
free.This unbeatable price
point encouraged me to
experiment with dozens of
titles that I would never
normally consider
buying.And I’ve
discovered some great
books！ 27.Why did the author start to
use the “library”？ A. He wanted to borrow
some love stories. B. He was encouraged by a
close neighbour. C. He found there were
excellent free books. D. He thought it was an ideal
place for reading. 答案：C found替换
discovered；
excellent替换
great
答案：C
2024年真题 题干＋正确选项 同义替换
（1月浙江卷B篇）And
these books were
free.This unbeatable price
point encouraged me to
experiment with dozens of
titles that I would never
normally consider
buying.And I’ve
discovered some great
books！ 27.Why did the author start to
use the “library”？ A. He wanted to borrow
some love stories. B. He was encouraged by a
close neighbour. C. He found there were
excellent free books. D. He thought it was an ideal
place for reading. 答案：C found替换
discovered；
excellent替换
great
答案：C
2024年真题 题干＋正确选项 同义替换
（全国甲卷A篇）We
look forward to welcoming
you as we showcase the
creativity of the Harvard
arts community through
performances， art
exhibitions and art-
making activities. 21.What do we know about
ARTS FIRST？ A. It is an exhibition of oil
paintings. B. It offers art courses for all
ages. C. It presents recreational
activities. D. It is a major tourist
attraction. 答案：C present替换
showcase；
recreational
activities替换
performances，art
exhibitions and
art-making
activities
答案：C
（二）同义替换在2023年高考真题阅读理解中的体现
2023年真题 题干＋正确选项 同义替换
（新课标Ⅰ卷A篇）The
tour departs from Dam
Square every hour on the
hour， starting at 1：00
pm every day.You can
buy your ticket in a
MacBike shop or book
online. 23.Where does the guided city
tour start？ A. The Gooyer Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge. C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square. 答案：D start替换depart
答案：D
2023年真题 题干＋正确选项 同义替换
（新课标Ⅱ卷B篇）And
at first it is， says Abby
Jaramillo， who with
another teacher started
Urban Sprouts， a school
garden program at four
low-income schools. 24.What do we know about Abby
Jaramillo？ A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family. C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts. 答案：D initiator替换 start
答案：D
2023年真题 题干＋正确选项 同义替换
（全国甲卷A篇）Head Chef
David Thompson， who received a
Michelin star for his London-based
Thai restaurant of the same name，
opened this branch in the
Metropolitan Hotel in 2010. Issaya Siamese Club Issaya Siamese Club is
internationally known Thai chef
Ian Kittichai’s first flagship
Bangkok restaurant. 21.What do Nahm and
Issaya Siamese Club
have in common？ A. They adopt modern
cooking methods. B. They have branches
in London. C. They have top-class
chefs. D. They are based in
hotels. 答案：C top-class替换
head和
internationally
known
答案：C
2023年真题 题干＋正确选项 同义替换
（全国乙卷B篇）Still，
looking back on the
photos， they are some
of my best shots though
they could have been so
much better if I would
have been prepared and
managed my time
wisely. 25.What is the key to successful
landscape photography according
to the author？ A. Proper time management. B. Good shooting techniques. C. Adventurous spirit. D. Distinctive styles. 答案：A proper替换
wisely
答案：A
2023年真题 题干＋正确选项 同义替换
（1月浙江卷C篇）A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols
mean. Indeed， to a computer， meaning is
irrelevant. 30.What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond？ A. Create rules. B. Comprehend meaning. C. Talk fluently. D. Identify difficult words. 答案：B Comprehend
meaning替换
specify what
those symbols
mean
答案：B
微技能二
02.
巧辨阅读理解中的派生词汇
近几年，高考英语阅读语篇倾向于直接取材英美主流报纸、杂志和书
籍，甚至是一些小众的报刊、网络博客、帖子等，这就意味着选材更加注
重语言的真实性、地道性和广泛性。由于选材语言越来越地道，越来越原
汁原味，里面含有大量的派生词、合成词与活用词。因此学生一定要有构
词意识，通过构词法和语境迅速猜出其意义，这是学生需要培养的一项重
要能力。
1. （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读A）Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital
role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across
the ridges and valleys.
restore v. 恢复；修复，整修
restoration n. 修复；恢复
2. （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B）If he seems a little defensive， it might be
because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual
methods.
defend vt.& vi. 保护；保卫
defensive adj. 戒备的，自卫的
3. （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B）Farber is certain that the holistic approach will
grow more popular with time， and if the past is any indication， he may be
right： Since 1982， membership in the American Holistic Veterinary
Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.
indicate v. 表明，标示；象征，暗示
indication n. 指示，标示；象征
4. （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读C）The reasons relate to a variety of factors，
including reduced concentration， an entertainment mindset （心态） and a
tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
tend v. 倾向于，往往会；照顾
tendency n. 偏好；趋势，趋向
5. （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读C）The benefits of print reading particularly shine
through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like
identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental
abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.
abstract adj. 抽象的
v. 抽象化
n. 摘要
abstraction n. 抽象；提取；抽象概念
6. （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读D）“We were particularly interested in exploring
the aspects of sampling that tend to bias （使有偏差） data， like the
greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant
instead of the grass right next to it，” said Daru.
likely adj. 可能发生的；似乎合适的
likelihood n. 可能，可能性；可能的事
7. （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读D）Biodiversity apps can use our study results to
inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even
species — that are not well-sampled.
sample n. 样本，样品
v. 对……作抽样调查
oversampled adj. 过度采样的
8. （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读D）To improve the quality of observational data，
biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the
identification of their uploaded image.
①observe v. 注意到，观察到；注视
observation n. 观察，监视；观察力
observational adj. 观测的；根据观察的
②identify v. 认出，识别；查明，确认
identification n. 辨认，识别；确认，确定
9. （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读七选五）It should give you a precise definition of
each word， thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are
similar， but not identical.
define v. 给……下定义；解释
definition n. 定义，释义
10. （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读A）With environmentalist anna Lamhna as the
guide， this walk promises to be an informative tour.
①environment n. 环境
environmentalist n. 环保主义者；环境保护论者
②information n. 信息，消息
informative adj. 提供有用信息的；给予知识的
11. （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读A）Those who are dressed inappropriately will
be refused permission to participate.
appropriate adj. 适当的
inappropriate adj. 不合适的
inappropriately adv. 不适当地
12. （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读B）And as of right now， we’ve received about
120 submissions.The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you
would be a published artist.
submit v. 提交，呈递；屈服
submission n. 提交（物）；投降，屈服
13. （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C）BMF employees live out sustainability in their
everyday lives.About half of them walk or bike to work.
sustainable adj. 可持续的
sustainability n. 可持续性
14. （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C）“We are passionate about reducing waste，
carbon and chemicals in our environment，” said a BMF employee.
passion n. 强烈情感，激情；酷爱
passionate adj. 具有强烈信念的
15. （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D）She explains we are at a “tipping point” in
history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for
humanity.
human n.人adj. 人的，人类的；人性的
humanity n. 人，人类；人性，仁慈
1. 前缀（dis-；im-；in-；ir-；un-；il-；non-）：表示否定或相反意义的
disagree vi. 不同意
disadvantage n. 缺点
disappear vi. 消失
discomfort n. 不舒适
discourage vt. 使泄气
dishonest adj. 不诚实的
impolite adj. 无礼的
impatient adj. 不耐烦的
immoral adj. 不道德的
informal adj. 非正式的
inconvenient adj. 不方便的
indirect adj. 间接的
independent adj. 独立的
inaccurate adj. 不准确的
incorrect adj. 不正确的
inexperienced adj. 没有经验的，不熟练的
inexpensive adj. 不贵的
incomparable adj. 无与伦比的
irregular adj. 不规则的
irresponsible adj. 不负责任的
irrelevant adj. 不相关的
irresistible adj. 不可遏止的
unusual adj. 不寻常的
uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的
unconscious adj. 失去知觉的
unintentional adj. 无意的
illegal adj. 不合法的
illogical adj. 不合逻辑的
illiterate adj. 不识字的
non-existent adj. 不存在的
non-profit adj. 非营利的
non-stop adj. （车、船等）中途不停的，直达的
2. 前缀（mis-）：表示“错误，坏”等否定含义
mislead vt. 误导
misunderstand v. 误解
misfortune n. 不幸
misuse vt. 误用
misspell v. 拼错
misinformation n. 误报，错误的消息
mistreat vt. 虐待
misbehave v. 行为不端，举止失礼
3. 前缀（de-）：表示“去掉；取消；毁”或“向下；降低，减少”
decode v. 破译
deforest vt. 砍伐森林
decrease v. 减少
depopulation n. 人口减少
4. 前缀（mini-；micro-）：表示“微小”
minibus n. 小型公共汽车
minimize vt. 最小化，使最小化
microscope n. 显微镜
microwave n. 微波（炉）
5. 前缀（inter-）：表示“在……之间，相互的”
interdependent adj. 互相依赖的，互相依存的
interaction n. 互动
Internet/internet n. 互联网
international adj. 国际的
6. 前缀（ex-）：表示“外，出”或“前面的，前任的”
export v. 出口，输出
exclude vt. 排除
ex-president n. 前任总统
7. 前缀（over-）：表示“在……之上”或“过度，过分”
overbridge n. 天桥
overlook vt. 俯视，忽视
overstudy n. 过度用功
overwork n.& v. 过度劳累，过分辛苦
oversleep vi. 睡得太久，睡过头
overstatement n. 大话，夸大的叙述
overemphasis n. 过分强调
8. 前缀（under-）：表示“在……下”或“不足，不够”
underground n. 地铁
adj. 地下的
underline vt. 在……下画线，强调
underestimate vt. 低估
underpopulated adj. 人口稀少的
9. 前缀（trans-）：表示“转移，转变”
transplant n.& v. 移植
transform v. 使变形
transport n.& v. 运输，运送
10. 前缀（pre-）：表示“先前的，预先”
pre-war adj. 战前的
preschool n. 幼儿园
adj. 学龄前的
prehistory n. 史前时期
previous adj. 以前的，先前的
preview n. 预映，预演
v. 写预评；预先播映（或展示）
11. 前缀（multi-）：表示“多”
multimedia adj. 多媒体的
n. 多媒体
multiply v. 乘，繁殖
multitask v. 多任务运行
multi-cultural adj. 多元文化的
multinational adj. 多国的
multipurpose adj. 多种用途的
12. 前缀（re-）：表示“再，重新”
recycle v. 循环利用
reconsider v. 重新考虑
rebuild v. 重建
recover v. 恢复
reunion n. 团聚
13. 前缀（co-）：表示“共同，一起”
cooperation n. 合作
coexistence n. 共存
co-founder n. 共同创办人
co-author n. 合著者
vt. 合著
14. 前缀（auto-）：表示“自动的”
automobile n. 汽车
autobiography n. 自传
autofocus n. （照相机的）自动聚焦装置
15. 前缀（out-）：表示“超过，过度”
outdo vt. 胜过，优于
outlive vt. 活得比……长
outnumber vt. 在数量上超过
outweigh vt. （在重要性或意义上）超过，比（某人）重
16. 后缀（-ise/ize）：加在名词或形容词的后面构成动词
popularize v. 宣传，推广，使普及
apologize v. 道歉，谢罪
publicise vt. 宣传，宣扬
prioritise vt. 给予……优先权，优先处理
17. 后缀（-ify）：表示“使……化”
simplify vt. 简化
beautify vt. 美化
diversify vt. 使多样化
purify vt. 净化
18. 后缀（-tion；-ment；-sion）：多构成名词
industrialization n. 工业化
globalization n. 全球化
entertainment n. 娱乐
judg（e）ment n. 判断力
decision n. 决定
impression n. 印象
19. 后缀（-ful；-tive；-able）：多构成形容词
grateful adj. 感激的
eventful adj. 充满大事的，多变故的
graceful adj. 优美的
powerful adj. 强大的，有影响力的
objective adj. 客观的
interactive adj. 互动的
creative adj. 创造（性）的
attractive adj. 吸引人的，有吸引力的
adjustable adj. 可调节的
affordable adj. 买得起的
controllable adj. 可控制的
exchangeable adj. 可交换的