《直通名校》解题技巧提升课件 阅读理解题型分类练（六） 推理判断题——文章出处类-高考英语二轮复习
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| 名称 | 《直通名校》解题技巧提升课件 阅读理解题型分类练（六） 推理判断题——文章出处类-高考英语二轮复习 |
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| 更新时间 | 2026-01-26 00:00:00 | ||
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阅读理解题型分类练（六）
推理判断题——文章出处类
A
（2024·昆明“三诊一模”）Why do we universally appreciate
cartoons？Because they are visual — the humor unfolds right before our
eyes.As writers， we have a unique challenge to craft worlds， including
humorous ones， using only words.
At first glance， writers and cartoonists have vastly different toolboxes and
skill sets.But if you look closely， you will notice similar devices， such as
simplification， exaggeration （夸张） and contrast.
In many literary forms， decoration enriches a piece.That’s not true for
humor writing — humor can get lost with too many details.Adding a bit of
shading will give depth to an illustration， yet there’s usually no need to detail
every feature.There’s a thin line between plain and funny， and the difference
often lies in whether a writer adheres to the universal comedic principle， “less
is funnier”. By simplifying complex situations， characters， plots and
reactions， your work becomes more digestible and humorous.
Exaggeration is one of the most straightforward and effective comedic
tools.As a humor writer， don’t shy away from every chance to stretch the
truth， whether by understatement or overstatement.However， effective
humor is truth-based.The relationship between exaggeration and realism in
humor is like stretching a rubber band （橡皮筋）.A little stretching， even
repeated stretching， is no problem.However， overstretching the band will
cause it to break， as well as the humor and the readers’ trust.
Contrasting is the juxtaposition （并列） of elements not usually
coupled， a technique that cartoonists use to create humorous mismatches by
placing significantly different elements side by side.As writers， we can use
juxtaposition to brainstorm new humor angles and create funny mismatches.
Humor is at its funniest when it’s visual， and writers can craft more
humorous material by employing the same techniques used by cartoonists.By
thinking and writing visually， you can show the funny to readers.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者建议作家使用简化、夸张和对比的
方式达到幽默的效果，并通过视觉化的思考和写作，向读者展示有趣的
东西。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者建议作家使用简化、夸张和对比的
方式达到幽默的效果，并通过视觉化的思考和写作，向读者展示有趣的
东西。
1. What do writers and cartoonists have in common in expressing humor？
（ ）
A. They craft worlds literally.
B. They focus closely on details.
C. They employ techniques alike.
D. They get through to readers easily.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，乍一看，作家和漫画家的工
具箱和技能组合大不相同，但如果你仔细观察，你会注意到类似的手
段，如简化、夸张和对比。因此他们采用的技法是相似的。
√
2. What does the underlined phrase “adheres to” in Paragraph 3 probably
mean？（ ）
A. Break. B. Follow.
C. Revise. D. Challenge.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线短语后的comedic principle，“less is
funnier”并结合语境可推知，此处表示平淡和滑稽之间只有微妙的区
别，该区别往往在于作家是否遵循普遍的喜剧原则，“越少越有趣”。
通过简化复杂的情况、人物、情节和反应，你的作品变得更加易于理解
和幽默。由此推知，画线短语应该是“遵循”的意思，与follow的意思
最为接近。
√
3. What is a way to achieve humor according to the author？（ ）
A. Overstating simple situations.
B. Shying away from the truth.
C. Reducing the number of characters.
D. Combining uncoupled elements.
解析： 细节理解题。倒数第二段谈到，对比是将通常不匹配的元素
并列，这是漫画家使用的一种技巧，通过将显著不同的元素并排放置来
制造幽默的效果。
√
4. Where is the text most probably taken from？（ ）
A. A review of modern cartoons.
B. An essay on the art of writing.
C. An introduction to painting skills.
D. A guidebook for passionate readers.
√
解析： 文章出处题。第一段最后一句谈到，作为作家，我们面临着一个独特的挑战，即只用文字来创造世界，包括幽默的世界，接下来谈到如何做到完美的幽默，最后一段又建议作家可以通过采用与漫画家相同的技术来制作更多的幽默素材，通过视觉化的思考和写作，向读者展示有趣的东西。这些都与写作艺术有关。由此推断，本文最可能出自一篇关于写作艺术的文章。
【熟词生义】
1. craft 熟义：n.工艺，手艺
生义：v.（尤指用手工）精心制作
例句：All the furniture is crafted from natural materials.
所有的家具均采用天然材料精心制作而成。
2. employ 熟义：v.雇用 生义：v.运用，应用，使用
例句：The police had to employ force to enter the building.警察不得不强
行进入大楼。
B
（2024·东北三省四市联考）German physicist Albert Einstein is one of
the most famous scientists of all time， the personification of a genius and the
subject of a whole industry of scholarship.In The Einsteinian Revolution， two
experts on Einstein’s life and his theory of relativity — Israeli physicist
Hanoch Gutfreund and German historian of science Jürgen Renn — offer an
original and penetrating （精辟的） analysis of Einstein’s revolutionary
contributions to physics and our view of the physical world.
For the first time ever， by setting Einstein’s work in the long course of
the evolution of scientific knowledge， Gutfreund and Renn discover the
popular misconception about Einstein as an unconventional scientific genius
who created modern physics single-handedly and by pure thought alone.
As a large part of the book explains， Einstein typically argued that science
progresses through steady evolution， not through revolutionary breaks with the
past.He saw his theory of relativity not as something from scratch， but a
natural extension of the classical physics developed by pioneers such as Italian
astronomer Galileo Galilei and English physicist Isaac Newton in the sixteenth
and seventeenth centuries， as well as nineteenth-century physicists.
The authors highlight how classical physics cannot be separated cleanly
from modern Einsteinian physics.The book also includes substantial sections on
Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo whose methods inspired
Einstein.When Einstein considered himself as standing on their shoulders， he
meant that， without their contributions， he would not have formulated （创
立） the theory of relativity.
The Einsteinian Revolution is an important and thought-provoking
contribution to the scholarly literature on Einstein and his surprising scientific
creativity between 1905 and 1925.Gutfreund and Renn might not have given the
final answer as to why Einstein， of all people， revolutionized physics in the
way that he did.But they argue in fascinating detail that， to understand his
genius， one must take into account not just the earlier history of physics but
also the history of knowledge more broadly.Although not always an easy read，
the book will interest physicists and historians alike.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一本书，在书里面两位
专家对爱因斯坦所取得的辉煌成就进行了另外一种诠释——爱因斯坦所
取得的成就离不开先驱者们的研究成果。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一本书，在书里面两位
专家对爱因斯坦所取得的辉煌成就进行了另外一种诠释——爱因斯坦所
取得的成就离不开先驱者们的研究成果。
5. What’s the attitude of Gutfreund and Renn to the popular viewpoint on
Einstein？（ ）
A. Opposing. B. Favorable.
C. Ambiguous. D. Indifferent.
解析： 观点态度题。根据第二段内容可知，这两个专家首次通过整
理爱因斯坦的作品，发现对于爱因斯坦大家都有一个错误的观点，大家
都错误地以为爱因斯坦单独地、完全靠个人的想法创造了现代物理学。
由此推知，这两个专家对关于爱因斯坦的流行观点持否定态度。
√
6. What does the underlined phrase “from scratch” in Paragraph 3 probably
mean？（ ）
A. From nothing.
B. Up to a certain standard.
C. By learning from others.
D. With previous knowledge.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第三段内容可知，这本书有很大一部分解释了爱因斯坦认为科学的进步是通过稳定的发展，而不是对过去革命性
的突破。他认为他的相对论不是横空出世，而是一批先驱者研发的经典
物理学的自然延伸。
√
7. What does the author try to say by mentioning the famous physicists？
（ ）
A. Their ideas were rejected by Einstein.
B. Their devotion to physics impressed Einstein.
C. Their research contributed to Einstein’s success.
D. Their hard work deserved the worldwide respect.
√
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，爱因斯坦认为自己的相对论不是横空出世，而是十六世纪和十七世纪意大利天文学家伽利略和
英国物理学家牛顿等先驱以及十九世纪物理学家发展起来的经典物理学
的自然延伸。由此推断，作者提到这些著名的物理学家是为了说明爱因
斯坦的成功受益于他们的研究成果。
8. Where is the text most probably taken from？（ ）
A. A guidebook to a course.
B. An introduction to a book.
C. An essay on Albert Einstein.
D. A review of physics development.
解析：文章出处题。根据全文尤其是第四段中的The authors highlight ...The book also includes和第五段最后一句可知，全文主要为
读者介绍了The Einsteinian Revolution这本书，所以本文最有可能摘自图
书导语。
√
【难句分析】
译文：当爱因斯坦认为自己站在了他们的肩膀上时，他的意思是如果没有
他们的贡献，他就不可能创立相对论。
阅读理解题型分类练（六）
推理判断题——文章出处类
A
（2024·昆明“三诊一模”）Why do we universally appreciate
cartoons？Because they are visual — the humor unfolds right before our
eyes.As writers， we have a unique challenge to craft worlds， including
humorous ones， using only words.
At first glance， writers and cartoonists have vastly different toolboxes and
skill sets.But if you look closely， you will notice similar devices， such as
simplification， exaggeration （夸张） and contrast.
In many literary forms， decoration enriches a piece.That’s not true for
humor writing — humor can get lost with too many details.Adding a bit of
shading will give depth to an illustration， yet there’s usually no need to detail
every feature.There’s a thin line between plain and funny， and the difference
often lies in whether a writer adheres to the universal comedic principle， “less
is funnier”. By simplifying complex situations， characters， plots and
reactions， your work becomes more digestible and humorous.
Exaggeration is one of the most straightforward and effective comedic
tools.As a humor writer， don’t shy away from every chance to stretch the
truth， whether by understatement or overstatement.However， effective
humor is truth-based.The relationship between exaggeration and realism in
humor is like stretching a rubber band （橡皮筋）.A little stretching， even
repeated stretching， is no problem.However， overstretching the band will
cause it to break， as well as the humor and the readers’ trust.
Contrasting is the juxtaposition （并列） of elements not usually
coupled， a technique that cartoonists use to create humorous mismatches by
placing significantly different elements side by side.As writers， we can use
juxtaposition to brainstorm new humor angles and create funny mismatches.
Humor is at its funniest when it’s visual， and writers can craft more
humorous material by employing the same techniques used by cartoonists.By
thinking and writing visually， you can show the funny to readers.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者建议作家使用简化、夸张和对比的
方式达到幽默的效果，并通过视觉化的思考和写作，向读者展示有趣的
东西。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者建议作家使用简化、夸张和对比的
方式达到幽默的效果，并通过视觉化的思考和写作，向读者展示有趣的
东西。
1. What do writers and cartoonists have in common in expressing humor？
（ ）
A. They craft worlds literally.
B. They focus closely on details.
C. They employ techniques alike.
D. They get through to readers easily.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，乍一看，作家和漫画家的工
具箱和技能组合大不相同，但如果你仔细观察，你会注意到类似的手
段，如简化、夸张和对比。因此他们采用的技法是相似的。
√
2. What does the underlined phrase “adheres to” in Paragraph 3 probably
mean？（ ）
A. Break. B. Follow.
C. Revise. D. Challenge.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线短语后的comedic principle，“less is
funnier”并结合语境可推知，此处表示平淡和滑稽之间只有微妙的区
别，该区别往往在于作家是否遵循普遍的喜剧原则，“越少越有趣”。
通过简化复杂的情况、人物、情节和反应，你的作品变得更加易于理解
和幽默。由此推知，画线短语应该是“遵循”的意思，与follow的意思
最为接近。
√
3. What is a way to achieve humor according to the author？（ ）
A. Overstating simple situations.
B. Shying away from the truth.
C. Reducing the number of characters.
D. Combining uncoupled elements.
解析： 细节理解题。倒数第二段谈到，对比是将通常不匹配的元素
并列，这是漫画家使用的一种技巧，通过将显著不同的元素并排放置来
制造幽默的效果。
√
4. Where is the text most probably taken from？（ ）
A. A review of modern cartoons.
B. An essay on the art of writing.
C. An introduction to painting skills.
D. A guidebook for passionate readers.
√
解析： 文章出处题。第一段最后一句谈到，作为作家，我们面临着一个独特的挑战，即只用文字来创造世界，包括幽默的世界，接下来谈到如何做到完美的幽默，最后一段又建议作家可以通过采用与漫画家相同的技术来制作更多的幽默素材，通过视觉化的思考和写作，向读者展示有趣的东西。这些都与写作艺术有关。由此推断，本文最可能出自一篇关于写作艺术的文章。
【熟词生义】
1. craft 熟义：n.工艺，手艺
生义：v.（尤指用手工）精心制作
例句：All the furniture is crafted from natural materials.
所有的家具均采用天然材料精心制作而成。
2. employ 熟义：v.雇用 生义：v.运用，应用，使用
例句：The police had to employ force to enter the building.警察不得不强
行进入大楼。
B
（2024·东北三省四市联考）German physicist Albert Einstein is one of
the most famous scientists of all time， the personification of a genius and the
subject of a whole industry of scholarship.In The Einsteinian Revolution， two
experts on Einstein’s life and his theory of relativity — Israeli physicist
Hanoch Gutfreund and German historian of science Jürgen Renn — offer an
original and penetrating （精辟的） analysis of Einstein’s revolutionary
contributions to physics and our view of the physical world.
For the first time ever， by setting Einstein’s work in the long course of
the evolution of scientific knowledge， Gutfreund and Renn discover the
popular misconception about Einstein as an unconventional scientific genius
who created modern physics single-handedly and by pure thought alone.
As a large part of the book explains， Einstein typically argued that science
progresses through steady evolution， not through revolutionary breaks with the
past.He saw his theory of relativity not as something from scratch， but a
natural extension of the classical physics developed by pioneers such as Italian
astronomer Galileo Galilei and English physicist Isaac Newton in the sixteenth
and seventeenth centuries， as well as nineteenth-century physicists.
The authors highlight how classical physics cannot be separated cleanly
from modern Einsteinian physics.The book also includes substantial sections on
Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo whose methods inspired
Einstein.When Einstein considered himself as standing on their shoulders， he
meant that， without their contributions， he would not have formulated （创
立） the theory of relativity.
The Einsteinian Revolution is an important and thought-provoking
contribution to the scholarly literature on Einstein and his surprising scientific
creativity between 1905 and 1925.Gutfreund and Renn might not have given the
final answer as to why Einstein， of all people， revolutionized physics in the
way that he did.But they argue in fascinating detail that， to understand his
genius， one must take into account not just the earlier history of physics but
also the history of knowledge more broadly.Although not always an easy read，
the book will interest physicists and historians alike.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一本书，在书里面两位
专家对爱因斯坦所取得的辉煌成就进行了另外一种诠释——爱因斯坦所
取得的成就离不开先驱者们的研究成果。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一本书，在书里面两位
专家对爱因斯坦所取得的辉煌成就进行了另外一种诠释——爱因斯坦所
取得的成就离不开先驱者们的研究成果。
5. What’s the attitude of Gutfreund and Renn to the popular viewpoint on
Einstein？（ ）
A. Opposing. B. Favorable.
C. Ambiguous. D. Indifferent.
解析： 观点态度题。根据第二段内容可知，这两个专家首次通过整
理爱因斯坦的作品，发现对于爱因斯坦大家都有一个错误的观点，大家
都错误地以为爱因斯坦单独地、完全靠个人的想法创造了现代物理学。
由此推知，这两个专家对关于爱因斯坦的流行观点持否定态度。
√
6. What does the underlined phrase “from scratch” in Paragraph 3 probably
mean？（ ）
A. From nothing.
B. Up to a certain standard.
C. By learning from others.
D. With previous knowledge.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第三段内容可知，这本书有很大一部分解释了爱因斯坦认为科学的进步是通过稳定的发展，而不是对过去革命性
的突破。他认为他的相对论不是横空出世，而是一批先驱者研发的经典
物理学的自然延伸。
√
7. What does the author try to say by mentioning the famous physicists？
（ ）
A. Their ideas were rejected by Einstein.
B. Their devotion to physics impressed Einstein.
C. Their research contributed to Einstein’s success.
D. Their hard work deserved the worldwide respect.
√
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，爱因斯坦认为自己的相对论不是横空出世，而是十六世纪和十七世纪意大利天文学家伽利略和
英国物理学家牛顿等先驱以及十九世纪物理学家发展起来的经典物理学
的自然延伸。由此推断，作者提到这些著名的物理学家是为了说明爱因
斯坦的成功受益于他们的研究成果。
8. Where is the text most probably taken from？（ ）
A. A guidebook to a course.
B. An introduction to a book.
C. An essay on Albert Einstein.
D. A review of physics development.
解析：文章出处题。根据全文尤其是第四段中的The authors highlight ...The book also includes和第五段最后一句可知，全文主要为
读者介绍了The Einsteinian Revolution这本书，所以本文最有可能摘自图
书导语。
√
【难句分析】
译文：当爱因斯坦认为自己站在了他们的肩膀上时，他的意思是如果没有
他们的贡献，他就不可能创立相对论。