(共69张PPT)
第二讲 词形转换
词形转换是高考语法填空题的一个重点。在解答语法填空中词形转换
的相关题目时,一要根据设空处在句中所作的成分确定词性:名词或代词
在句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等,动词作谓语或非谓语,形容词作
表语、定语,副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子;二要根据
标志词及语境确定形容词或副词的比较等级;三要根据名词前的数词、量
词、冠词等修饰词以及主谓一致原则来确定名词的单复数。
01.
目录contents
02.
随堂演练验收效
解题技巧须掌握
01.
解题技巧 · 须掌握
洞悉题型找技巧
一、思维定向——判断是否考查词形转换
解题攻略
第一步:确定是否考查词形转换
提示词为形容词、副词、名词或代词时,首先要考虑词形转换;
提示词为动词,且该动词在句中既不作谓语,也不作非谓语,则要考虑动
词词形转换。
第二步:确定转换形式
根据句式结构以及设空处所作成分进一步分析,最终确定正确的词形转
换形式。
典例印证
【典例】 (2024·全国甲卷)They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to
promote the idea at the (complete) of their journey.
【分析】 第一步:确定是否考查词形转换。提示词为动词,本空前有定
冠词the,因此,此处应该考虑词形转换。
第二步:确定转换形式。根据前面的the和后面的of可知,设空处应用
名词。
参考答案 completion
二、解题规则——判断词形转换的5种技法
技法(一) 提示词为动词的词形转换
提示词为动词,如果既不是谓语动词,也不是非谓语动词,则考虑词
形转换。动词是转换成名词还是形容词,则需根据句式结构以及设空处所
作成分进一步分析。
1. 动词转换为名词
(1)v.+-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion转换为名词,表示“状态或行为”
celebrate→celebration 庆祝
compete→competition 比赛
pollute→pollution 污染
educate→education 教育
possess→possession 拥有
快捷思维
(2)v.+-ment转换为名词,表示“行为或结果”
develop→development 发展
announce→announcement 宣布
argue→argument 争论;论据
encourage→encouragement 鼓励
(3)v.+-r/-er/-or转换为名词,表示“人”
perform→performer 表演者
settle→settler 移民
educate→educator 教育家
direct→director 导演
visit→visitor 访问者
(4)v.+-ure转换为名词
fail→failure mix→mixture
press→pressure depart→departure
(5)后缀-th结尾的名词
grow→growth die→death deep→depth wide→width
warm→warmth true→truth
(6)后缀-ance/-ence结尾的名词
guide→guidance exist→existence
(7)后缀-al结尾的名词
arrive→arrival approve→approval
survive→survival
典例印证
1. (2024·九省联考)He is happy with the (improve) he
sees in his students’ writing and in his own writing.
2. (2024·石家庄质量检测)While there is much sadness surrounding Tomb
Sweeping Day, there is also (celebrate), happiness and
a festive atmosphere.
3. (2024·衡水模拟)The cheongsam whose neck is high, collar closed,
fits well the Chinese female figure, and its sleeves may be short, medium
or full (long), depending on seasons or tastes.
4. (2024·临沂模拟)“There is evidence that physical activity can enhance
dementia (prevent) among the general population,” Del
Pozo Cruz said. “We thought that by providing specific stepping
recommendations, people would pay more attention to physical activity.”
5. (2024·聊城模拟)Having entered various places, Kunqu eventually
formed a rich and colourful opera system in (combine)
with local dialects and folk music.
6. (2024·威海模拟)And during the summer, private fishing
without (permit) is strictly prohibited. These preservative
measures have kept the tradition alive for thousands of years and certainly
will be passed on to future generations.
7. (2024·1月浙江卷)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get
one free” promotions because of the (criticize) that they
lead to waste.
1. improvement 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知,设空处与前面的
the一起作with的宾语,应用名词,故填improvement。
2. celebration 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知,设空处应为名词,
与happiness并列,故填celebration。
3. length 考查词形转换。本空前面是形容词full,设空处应用名词。
length表示“长度”,故填length。
4. prevention 考查词形转换。本空前面是动词enhance,因此这里应
用一个名词作其宾语。故填prevention。
5. combination 考查词形转换。根据本空前面的介词in可知,设空处
应用名词,故填combination。
6. permission 考查词形转换。此处应用名词作介词without的宾语,表
示“未经许可”。故填permission。
7. criticism 考查词形转换。根据空前的because of the可知,设空处应
用名词作宾语。故填criticism。本空后的that引导同位语从句,说明名
词criticism的具体内容。
快捷思维
2. 动词转换为形容词
(1)v.+-able转换为形容词
accept→acceptable 可接受的
adapt→adaptable 能适应的
adjust→adjustable 可调节的
afford→affordable 负担得起的
(2)v.+-ed/-ing转换为形容词
confuse→confused 感到困惑的
excite→exciting 令人激动的
(3)v.+-ive转换为形容词
impress→impressive 给人深刻印象的
instruct→instructive 有教育意义的
(4)v.+-ful/-less转换为形容词
doubt→doubtful 怀疑的
forget→forgetful 健忘的
hope→hopeless 不抱希望的
典例印证
8. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing
constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot,
(taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite
Chinese street food.
9. (2024·烟台、德州模拟)Playing with shuttlecocks is
(benefit) to health. When people are kicking shuttlecocks, various parts
of the body need to work together, which enhances balance capabilities and
physical flexibility and helps them strengthen their legs.
10. (2024·浙江金华十校模拟)“The concept of travel actually allowing
you to return home (refresh) is a really exciting
proposition,” she adds.
8. tasty 考查词形转换。设空处与前面的形容词hot并列,修饰后面的
名词soup,故填形容词tasty。
9. beneficial 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知,此处为固定短语be
beneficial to,表示“对……有益”。故填beneficial。
10. refreshed 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知,此处为形容词作状
语,故填refreshed,表示“精神焕发的”。
技法(二) 提示词为名词的词形转换
快捷思维
1. 名词的单复数
若提示词为名词,有以下情况时要考虑用名词的复数:
(1)有数词或these、 those、 several、 few、 many、 all、 both、
various、 different等词修饰时,用名词的复数形式;
(2)名词前有one of时,用名词的复数形式;
(3)若谓语动词是复数形式,则设空处应用名词的复数形式。
典例印证
1. (2023·1月浙江卷)Thanks to Beijing’s long history as the capital of
China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated
with historic (event).
2. While there is no cure for CFS, a well-balanced diet can play a role of great
significance in helping manage symptoms and boost energy
(level).
3. (2024·贵阳适应性测试)Yellowstone National Park serves as a time
capsule, a sort of “land that time forgot” in terms of wildlife. It is one of
the few (place) where you can get a sense of a past when
wildlife controlled our world.
1. events 考查名词复数。此处表示“几乎每一条胡同都有自己的故
事,甚至有些还和历史事件有关”。event意为“事件”,是可数名词,
历史事件肯定不止一件,故填events。
2. levels 考查名词复数。level是可数名词单数,意为“等级水平”,
设空前没有冠词,这说明level应用复数,故填levels。
3. places 考查名词复数。one of后应用名词复数形式。故填places。
2. 名词转换为形容词
提示词为名词,如果作定语修饰后面的名词时,则一般考查名词变形容
词。注意名词变形容词的后缀:
(1)n.+-able
honor→honorable 可敬的
(2)n.+-al
nature→natural 自然的;天生的
music→musical 音乐的;悦耳的
快捷思维
(3)n.+-ful
colour→colourful 颜色鲜艳的
meaning→meaningful 有意义的
(4)n.+-en
wood→wooden 木质的
(5)n.+-y
wealth→wealthy 富有的
典例印证
4. (2024·河北省三模)Hubei Shennongjia is located in the Shennongjia
Forestry District and Badong County in China’s Hubei Province, which is
from the plains and foothill regions of eastern China to the
(mountain) region of central China.
5. (2024·河北省一模)Wannan, featuring poetic landscapes as well as
beautiful and graceful Jiangnan water village scenery, is a southern place in
Anhui. A wealth of architecture with (culture) landscapes
is shown in these ancient and irreplaceable villages.
6. (2024·枣庄二调)“I’m trying to find beauty and transform anonymity
and loneliness into something (joy),” she says.
7. (2024·济宁模拟)That evening, warmth filling the air, we gathered
around a crackling bonfire, sharing (heart) laughter with
fellow beachgoers.
4. mountainous 考查词形转换。修饰region应用形容词作定语。故填
mountainous。
5. cultural 考查词形转换。修饰名词landscapes,应用形容词作定语。
故填cultural。
6. joyful 考查词形转换。根据句意及本空前的不定代词something可
知,应填形容词作后置定语。故填joyful。
7. hearty 考查词形转换。修饰名词laughter应用形容词作定语。故填
hearty。
3. 名词的所有格
提示词与其后的名词是所属关系,应考虑名词的所有格。
(1)单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加’s;
(2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,通常在词尾加’。
快捷思维
典例印证
8. (2024·长沙雅礼中学检测)Among the Han people, which make up a
vast majority of (China) total population, the passage into
adulthood is no longer celebrated, except in those very traditional families.
9. (2024·威海模拟)The largest fish in the (season) first
catch is believed to be lucky, and will go to the highest bidder at the
auction (拍卖).
8. China’s 考查名词所有格。此处China与population为所属关系,应
用名词所有格形式。故填China’s。
9. season’s 考查名词所有格。此处应用名词所有格作定语,修饰名
词catch,表示“这个季节的捕获物”。故填season’s。
1. 名词变复数的规则:
(1)大部分单数可数名词变为复数一般直接加s;如果是以ch、 sh、
s、 x等结尾的单词,则一般加es:trees、 bikes、 books、 buses、
watches、 boxes、 bushes;
(2)辅音字母+y结尾的单词,变y为i再加es;但元音字母+y结尾的单
词,则直接加s:babies、 families、 boys、 plays;
(3)以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro、 hero)、两菜(tomato、
potato)加es外,其余一般加s:radios、 photos;
(4)以f或fe结尾的单词,通常变f、 fe为v再加es:wives、 knives、 wolves。
名师点津
2. 名词变复数的不规则变化:
(1)man→men、 woman→women、 tooth→teeth、 foot→feet、
child→children、 mouse→mice;
(2)单复数同形: Chinese、 Japanese、 people、 sheep、 deer、 fish。
技法(三) 提示词为形容词、副词的词形转换
快捷思维
1. 形容词、副词的词形转换
(1)分析句子结构发现提示词是形容词且需要改变词性时,应考虑用
派生的副词或名词;
(2)若设空处作定语、表语,则应考虑用形容词;
(3)若设空处修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,则应考虑用副词;
(4)若设空处在介词后,则应考虑用名词作宾语。
典例印证
1. (2024·日照模拟)Holding a pair of short sticks, the performers, with
their faces painted, jumped and swung the sticks (skillful)
while walking and dancing, all to the sound of drums, gongs, and
shouts.
2. (2024·河北省一模)Hongcun Village, (original) built
during the Song Dynasty, has a history of more than 800 years.
3. (2024·烟台、德州模拟)Those who advance to a high level of mastery
can perform some actions that are (fair) wonderful.
1. skillfully 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知,设空处应用副词作
状语,修饰动词jumped and swung,故填skillfully。
2. originally 考查词形转换。修饰动词built应用副词作状语。故填
originally。
3. fairly 考查词形转换。此处应用副词作状语,修饰形容词
wonderful。故填fairly。
快捷思维
2. 形容词变副词的规则
(1)以-e结尾的形容词一般不去e,直接加-ly:brave→bravely,
immediate→immediately;
(2)一些以-e结尾的形容词去e加-(l)y:true→truly,
simple→simply, gentle→gently, possible→possibly;
(3)“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词,变y为i,再加-ly:
happy→happily, easy→easily;
(4)以-ic结尾的形容词加-ally:economic→economically,
basic→basically。
典例印证
4. (2024·山东实验中学针对性考试)Many countries have
(true) gained great benefits along the trading process.
5. (2024·青岛模拟)The purchasing excitement is expected to
(huge) boost consumer confidence and improve the recovery of
consumption.
6. (2024·河北名校联考)The names were (ultimate)
decided on through two public voting procedures.
7. This is (exact) why the 21st Century Cup was initiated in
1996 in the first place — to provide a stage for young people all over the
country so that their voices can be heard, said Ren Xiaoping, a former
ambassador, when commenting on the contestants’ performances during
the award ceremony.
4. truly 考查词形转换。此处应用副词作状语,修饰动词gained,故
填truly。
5. hugely 考查词形转换。修饰动词boost,应用副词作状语。故填
hugely。
6. ultimately 考查词形转换。这里应用副词来修饰动词decided。故填
ultimately。
7. exactly 考查词形转换。根据语境可知,这里需要一个副词来作状
语,故填exactly。
快捷思维
3. 形容词、副词转换为比较级、最高级
(1)利用标志词确定比较等级
①句子中有much、 far、 still、 even、 rather、 a little、 a bit、 a
lot、 a great deal、 than等标志性词汇时用比较级;
②设空后有表示范围的标志词in、 of、 among等时用最高级;
③设空前有one of the等修饰词时,用最高级。
(2)利用固定句型
“the+比较级 ...,the+比较级 ...”表示“越……,就
越……”。
(3)利用隐含信息判断
句中虽没有标志词,但暗含比较,也需用比较级或最高级。
典例印证
8. (2024·邯郸部分示范性高中模拟)Based on past experiences, the
adaptation period for giant pandas can range from 1-2 months to 7-8
months, or even much (long).
9. (2024·秦皇岛模拟)In particular, they wanted (short)
working hours, better pay and the right to vote.
11. For the fifth year in a row, Finland is the world’s
(happy) country, according to World Happiness Report rankings based
largely on life evaluations (评估) from the Gallup World Poll.
10. The study found that random acts of kindness, such as helping an older
neighbour carry groceries, had a (strong) effect on
wellbeing than did more formal kinds of giving, such as volunteering for a
charity at a pre-scheduled time.
9. shorter 考查形容词的比较级。根据该句后面的better pay可知,该
空应用形容词的比较级shorter。
10. stronger 考查形容词的比较级。由于本空后面出现了than一词,
因此这里应用形容词的比较级stronger。
11. happiest 考查形容词的最高级。本空前的the world’s暗示这里应
用happy的最高级happiest,表示“世界上最幸福的国家”。
8. longer 考查形容词的比较级。much修饰形容词比较级形式。故填
longer。
技法(四) 提示词为代词的词形转换
快捷思维
代词的词形转换
1. 分析句子结构发现提示词作主语,应考虑人称代词的主格形式;
2. 分析句子结构发现提示词作宾语,应考虑人称代词的宾格形式;
3. 分析句子结构发现提示词作定语,应考虑形容词性物主代词;
4. 分析句子结构发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语,且和主语是同一人时,
应考虑反身代词。
典例印证
1. The Nordic country and (it) neighbours Denmark,
Norway, Sweden and Iceland all score very well on the measures the report
uses to explain its findings: healthy life expectancy, GDP per capita,
social support in times of trouble, and high social trust.
2. Helping others is thought to be one of the ways that people create,
maintain, and strengthen (they) social connections.
3. The team also invited two groups of people: one group ate while listening
to an audio clip about another person eating and the other listened to a clip
that helped them imagine (they) eating.
1. its 考查代词。本空后面是名词neighbours,因此应用一个形容词性
物主代词来修饰它。
2. their 考查代词。本空后面是名词短语social connections,因此应用
一个形容词性物主代词来修饰它。
3. themselves 考查代词。本句表示“这段视频会帮助他们想象他们自
己在吃东西”,因此用反身代词。
技法点金
一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词一览表
人称 类别 单数 复数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
人称
代词 主格 I you he/she/it we you they
宾格 me you him/her/it us you them
物主
代词 形容词
性 my your his/her/its our your their
名词性 mine yours his/hers/its ours yours theirs
反身代词 myself yourself himself/ herself/ itself ourselves yourselves themselves
二、牢记代词的句法功能
1. 作主语:人称代词主格。
2. 作宾语/表语:人称代词宾格和名词性物主代词。
3. 作定语:形容词性物主代词。
4. 如果宾语与主语是指同一人,用反身代词。
5. 用it的情况:作形式主语或形式宾语;指代前面提到的同一个事物
或情况。
6. that、 those作替代词,用来代替已提到的名词,以避免重复。
技法(五) 提示词为数词的词形转换
快捷思维
1. 基数词变序数词
(1)一般由基数词加-th构成:
six→sixth seven→seventh
ten→tenth hundred→hundredth
(2)以y结尾的基数词,先把y变为ie,再加-th:
twenty→twentieth thirty→thirtieth
(3)不规则变化:
one→first two→second
three→third five→fifth
eight→eighth nine→ninth
twelve→twelfth
典例印证
1. (2023·全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early
cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the
(six) century B. C.
2. (2024·长沙长郡中学模拟)To promote the art, Zheng opened a unique
wood carving gallery, which is the (one) in Putian run by
an individual and free to the public.
3. (2024·重庆模拟)The show, which opened on 15 December in Paris at
the same time as the one that opened in Shanghai’s Yuyuan Garden, is
among events celebrating the (sixty) anniversary of the
establishment of China-France diplomatic relations.
2. first 考查数词。本空前面的定冠词the暗示这里应用序数词。故填
first。
3. sixtieth 考查数词。结合句意可知,此处要使用序数词表示“第六十
周年”,故填sixtieth。
1. sixth 考查数词。本空前有定冠词the,后面是名词century,故填序
数词sixth。
快捷思维
2. 年龄、年代表达法
(1)表达“在某人几十多岁”时,用“in one’s+整十基数词的复
数”,如:in one’s fifties 在某人五十多岁时;
(2)表达“在几十年代时”,用“in the+整十基数词的复数”,如:
in the thirties 在三十年代。
典例印证
4. It is known to all that there were two world wars in the
(twenty) century, which greatly changed the world situation.
5. (2024·杭州模拟)There I met a gentleman by the name of Kurien in his
late (eighty).
6. Back in the (ninety), he would remain at the zoo for
almost three months to stay with the pandas during the breeding season.
4. twentieth 考查数词。这里表示“20世纪”,应用序数词。
5. eighties 考查数词。in one’s late eighties 表示“在某人快九十岁时”。
6. nineties 考查数词。in the nineties 意为“在九十年代”。
02.
随堂演练 · 验收效
素养提升要落实
Test 1
Lyu Haowei works on Yulong Snow Mountain in Yunnan Province,
whose job is 1. (collect) rubbish from the Yulong Snow
Mountain Glacier Park.
2. (equip) with a 150-meter safety rope, a clamp (夹
钳) and a trash bag, Lyu climbs the mountain and reaches otherwise
inaccessible areas, 3. rubbish has been discarded. Lyu collects
discarded bottles and oxygen tanks left by tourists, 4. his
colleagues holding the safety rope.
Yulong Snow Mountain 5. (cover) an area of 415 square
kilometers and rises to a peak of 5,596 meters. Designated as a national key
scenic spot in 1988, it 6. (give) recognition as a 5A-level
scenic area in 2007.
During the past decades of development, 7. number of
tourists visiting the mountain had increased from 4,700 in 1994 to 3.76
million in 2017. In 2018, the Yulong Snow Mountain Glacier Park authorities
had to implement a daily visitor cap of 10,000 people.
The increasing tourist numbers sometimes result in trash piling up. During
peak travel 8. (period), like the weeklong National Day
holiday in October, sanitation workers and guardians fill nearly 200 outdoor
trash bags a day.
Their day begins at 5:30 a.m. in 9. (prepare) for
welcoming the first wave of visitors eager to see the sunrise, and ends at 7:30
p.m. when they descend the mountain.
This is the 10. (eight) year that Lyu and his colleagues
are working at the scenic spot, and they express satisfaction that environmental
awareness among tourists has risen, which has led to a reduction in littering.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了常年守护在云南玉龙雪
山上清理垃圾的环卫工人吕皓葳。
1. to collect/collecting 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,这里应用动词不
定式或动词-ing形式作表语。
2. Equipped 考查非谓语动词。本句主语为Lyu,与动词equip为被动关
系,因此用表达被动概念的过去分词作状语。
3. where 考查定语从句。本空前面的areas是一个先行词,这里应用关系
副词where引导一个非限制性定语从句。
4. with 考查介词。这里是一个“with+名词+动词-ing形式”构成的with
复合结构。
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了常年守护在云南玉龙雪
山上清理垃圾的环卫工人吕皓葳。
5. covers 考查时态。本空与后面的rises是并列谓语,都描述客观事实,
因此用一般现在时。
6. was given 考查时态和语态。本句时间状语为in 2007且表示被动概念,
因此用一般过去时的被动语态。
7. the 考查冠词。这里强调“游客的数量”,因此用the number of
tourists。a number of tourists表示“许多游客”。
8. periods 考查名词复数。由于每年的旅游高峰期有好几个,因此这里应
用period的复数形式。
9. preparation 考查词形转换。本空前面是介词in,因此这里应用名词形
式。in preparation for是一个固定短语,表示“为……做准备”。
10. eighth 考查数词。这里表示今年是吕皓葳和他的同事在玉龙雪山上工
作的第八年,因此用序数词。
Test 2
Many people go to Beijing’s traditional temple fairs during the Spring
Festival for ritual praying, entertainment, snacks, and buying crafts. It is a
great opportunity 1. (experience) local culture and traditions.
Temple fairs in Old Beijing were 2. (regular) held around
large and well-known temples, which had their particular flavors and styles.
Visiting temple fairs was a major pastime in the lives of Beijing residents.
According to 1930 statistics, there 3. (be) 20 temples, 16
in the suburbs and two in downtown area. The most famous temple fairs were
the White Pagoda Temple Fair, Huguo Temple Fair, and Longfu Temple
Fair.
Temple fairs were entertainment venues for ordinary people. Therefore,
everything in them was closely related 4. daily life. Yet temple
fairs also stood out beyond everyday life, thus 5. (give) both
physical and spiritual pleasure to visitors, be they male or female, young or
old.
Traditional Beijing temple fairs are a type of folk activity along with
Beijing leisure culture. Family members, especially the kids are excited to
play various games 6. (offer) in temple fairs and watch folk
performances. The reason 7. Beijing temple fairs have been
passed on is that they adapt to the needs of society. The initial formation and
development of temple fairs is about the religious 8. (activity)
inside the temples. Over time, temple fairs 9. (become) the
main markets for people, which are mainly to meet the needs of
10. general public.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了北京庙会这一中国传统
民俗文化活动。
1. to experience 考查非谓语动词。opportunity to do sth是固定用法,表示
“做某事的机会”,动词不定式短语作后置定语。
2. regularly 考查词形转换。本空后面是谓语动词held,因此这里应用一
个副词来修饰它。
3. were 考查时态和主谓一致。本空后面是复数形式20 temples且陈述过
去的事实,因此用were。
4. to 考查介词。be related to是固定短语,表示“与……有关系”。
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了北京庙会这一中国传统
民俗文化活动。
5. giving 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,这里逗号后面部分
是状语,且本句主语temple fairs与动词give之间是主动关系,因此用
动词-ing形式。
6. offered 考查非谓语动词。这里名词games与后面动词offer之间是被动
关系,因此用过去分词作后置定语。
7. why 考查定语从句。本空前面的The reason是先行词,这里由关系副词
why引导一个定语从句,why在从句中作状语。
8. activities 考查名词复数。根据语境可知,这里应该指“各种宗教活
动”,因此用可数名词activity的复数形式。
9. have become 考查时态。本句时间状语为Over time,表示“随着时间
的推移和延续”,应用现在完成时。
10. the 考查冠词。the (general) public是固定用法,表示“大众”。