《直通名校》语法填空解题技巧 语法项目(二) 明确非谓语动词的语法功能 课件-高考英语二轮复习

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名称 《直通名校》语法填空解题技巧 语法项目(二) 明确非谓语动词的语法功能 课件-高考英语二轮复习
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语法项目(一) 从句法层面辨识谓语
01.
目录contents
02.
随堂演练验收效
解题技巧须掌握
一、思维定向——先判断是否为非谓语
解题攻略
第一步:确定是否为非谓语
 若句中已有谓语动词,而设空处又不是作并列谓语动词时,则要考虑填
非谓语动词。
第二步:确定填何种非谓语形式
(1)提示词与逻辑主语是主谓关系时常用动词-ing形式;
(2)提示词与逻辑主语是动宾关系时常用过去分词形式;
(3)提示词在句中作目的状语和意料之外的结果时常用动词不定式。
典例印证
【典例】 (2024·1月浙江卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets
have started selling chicken or salad in packs       (design) with
two halves containing separate portions (份).
【分析】 第一步:提示词是动词,句中已有谓语动词have started,所以
此处应考虑填非谓语动词。
第二步:分析句子结构可知,此处考查非谓语动词短语作后置定语。
design和逻辑主语packs之间构成动宾关系,且动作已完成,所以应用过去
分词形式。
参考答案   designed
二、解题规则——再确定是何种非谓语
技法(一) 成分分解法——作主语和表语
快捷思维
1. 作主语
(1)句中缺少主语,找到句子的谓语部分,确定应用动词-ing形式还是
动词不定式作主语。
(2)掌握用动词-ing形式/动词不定式作主语的句型:
It is/was+adj.(+for/of sb)+to do sth
It is no use/good doing sth
It takes sb some time to do sth
It’s worthwhile to do/doing sth
典例感悟
1. (2024·潍坊模拟)When they are not in use, they remain rolled up, with
coverings on the back and front to protect the painting.       
(keep) in this way helps Thangkas last for a very long time.
2. (2024·邯郸模拟)As for when “Fu Bao” can be seen by the Sichuan
public, expert Zeng Wen from the center said that it is difficult      
(estimate) at the moment.
1. Being kept 考查非谓语动词。设空处应用动词-ing形式作主语,且
keep和Thangkas之间是被动关系,应用动词-ing形式的被动式,故填
Being kept。
2. to estimate 考查非谓语动词。It is+adj.+to do sth是固定句式。故
填to estimate。
快捷思维
2. 作表语
(1)动词-ing形式作表语,修饰物,意为“令人感到……的”;
(2)过去分词作表语,修饰人,意为“本身感到……的”;
(3)动词不定式作表语,表示将来或目的。
典例感悟
3. (2024·厦门质量检测)So eager was she to be a crew member that she
overcame many difficulties and ultimately became       
(qualify).
4. In fact, much remains       (learn) about traditional Chinese
painting and its elements. Through appreciating Chinese painting, you will
have a better understanding of traditional Chinese culture and Chinese
people.
3. qualified 考查非谓语动词。系动词became后接过去分词作表语,相
当于一个形容词,意为“符合资格的”。
4. to be learned/learnt 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,remains是
系动词,后接动词不定式作表语;根据句意可知,主语much与提示词
learn之间是被动关系,应用动词不定式的被动式。
技法(二) 固定搭配法——作宾语
快捷思维
1. 只跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词和短语
喜欢考虑不避免
(enjoy、 consider、 escape、 avoid)
不禁放弃太冒险
(cannot help、 give up、 risk)
感激承认很值得
(appreciate、 admit、 be worth)
介意想象莫推延
(mind、 imagine、 delay、 put off)
允许完成是期望
(allow、 permit、 finish、 look forward to)
建议继续勤操练
(suggest、 go on、 practise)
致力原谅要坚持
(be devoted to、 excuse、 insist on)
继续成功不错过
(keep on、 succeed in、 miss)
典例感悟
1. (2023·全国乙卷)As a photographer, I have spent the last two
years       (record) everything I discovered.
2. (2024·张家口模拟)The fundamentals of making cloisonne
include       (shape) the object’s body, bending and inlaying
copper (铜) wires to present surface patterns, coloring these wires,
heating and finally, polishing and gilding (镀金).
3. (2024·济宁模拟)Eager to explore more of Plymouth’s charm, we set
out for West Hoe Park the next day, which provided a spacious play area for
children, equipped with plentiful delights. Our children were totally
attracted and we had a hard time       (tear) them away.
4. (2024·邯郸模拟)They will also assist the panda in       
(overcome) a “language barrier” after Fu Bao returned to China —
learning to understand Chinese, especially Sichuan dialect.
1. recording 考查非谓语动词。此处为spend some time doing sth结构,
故填recording。
2. shaping 考查非谓语动词。此处动词-ing短语作include的宾语,与后
面的动词-ing短语等并列。故填shaping。
3. tearing 考查非谓语动词。短语have a hard time doing sth表示“做某
事很困难”。故填tearing。
4. overcoming 考查非谓语动词。介词in后接动词-ing形式作宾语。故
填overcoming。
快捷思维
2. 只跟动词不定式作宾语的动词和短语
三个希望两答应
(hope、 wish、 expect、 agree、 promise)
两个要求莫拒绝
(demand、 ask、 refuse)
设法学会作决定
(manage、 learn、 decide/determine)
不要假装在选择(pretend、 choose/select)
打算提出一计划(intend、 offer、 plan)
申请失败负担起(apply、 fail、 afford)
准备愿望又碰巧(prepare、 desire、 happen)
典例感悟
5. (2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level,
the national parks, in particular, tend       (catch) our
attention because of their large size and variety.
6. (2022·1月浙江卷)That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year
down by 75%, and she plans     (continue) the practice.
7. (2024·临汾考前适应性训练)Shortly after the silk and feather umbrellas
became popular in China, their manufacturers managed       
(discover) a new kind of material from wood paper, enabling the
creation of highly stylized, decorative and lightweight umbrellas.
5. to catch 考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,句中已
有谓语动词tend,此处应用非谓语动词。tend to do sth意为“往往会做某
事”,为固定用法,故填to catch。
6. to continue 考查非谓语动词。plan to do sth意为“计划做某事”,为
固定搭配。故填to continue。
7. to discover 考查非谓语动词。固定搭配manage to do sth意为“设法
做某事”。故填to discover。
快捷思维
3. 作介词的宾语用动词-ing形式
(1)介词后跟动词-ing形式作宾语;
(2)but、 except后跟动词不定式作宾语,若前面有实义动词do时,动
词不定式就要省略to。
典例感悟
8. (2024·太原模拟)The Dujiangyan Irrigation System in Sichuan, first
constructed in 256 BCE,took advantage of the local natural features
without      (damage) the environment.
8. damaging 考查非谓语动词。根据空前的介词without可知,设空处
应用动词-ing形式作宾语。故填damaging。
技法(三) 关系分析法——作定语
快捷思维
1. 动词不定式作定语
(1)表示还没有发生用to do;
(2)看见first、 second、 last等序数词以及形容词最高级(+名词),
用动词不定式作后置定语;
(3)抽象名词ability、 attempt等后常用动词不定式作后置定语。
典例感悟
1. (2024·长沙长郡中学模拟)Although the poetry of today has transformed
in form and function, the root of its purpose can still be found in poets’
desire       (explore) the human condition through the power of
imagery and metaphor.
2. (2024·河北省二模)But the Brown tournament isn’t just about
becoming a strong competitor. It also offers a platform for young
scientists      (wander) Brown’s campus.
1. to explore 考查非谓语动词。名词desire后跟动词不定式作后置定
语。故填to explore。
2. to wander 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,设空处为非谓语
动词,作定语修饰名词a platform,表示“去漫步布朗大学校园”,故填
to wander。
快捷思维
2. 分词作定语
(1)动词-ing形式作定语:
①动词-ing形式作定语表示主动、正在进行;
②若表示被动且正在发生的动作,用being done结构;
③表示心理状态的动词-ing形式的形容词,意为“令人……的”。
(2)过去分词作定语:
①过去分词作定语表示被动、完成;
②过去分词形式的形容词,意为“(人)感到……的”。
典例感悟
3. “Plastic (waste) remains a major global issue: Each year, 14,000
mammals and 1.4 million seabirds are killed due to the ingestion of plastic
waste,” Hidalgo’s office said in a statement       
(announce) the Olympics single-use plastic ban.
4. (2023·全国甲卷)Behind the simple style,however,is a serious
message       (intend) for everyone.
5. (2024·陕西联考)Yangko, a rural Chinese folk dance with a
history       (date) back thousands of years, originates from
farming life in ancient times.
6. (2024·昆明“三诊一模”)Besides “Happy Loong”, the museum
sells stuffed toys       (inspire) by the Dunhuang Flying
Apsaras and the bronze galloping (飞驰的) horse from the Eastern Han
Dynasty.
3. announcing 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,名词statement后面部
分是一个后置定语;由于这里表达主动概念,因此用动词-ing形式。
4. intended 考查非谓语动词。be intended for sb是固定表达,意为“为
某人设计/安排”。这里用过去分词作后置定语,intended也可以看作一
个形容词。
5. dating 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词originates,此处为非谓
语动词;history与date之间为主动关系,应用动词-ing形式作后置定语,
故填dating。
6. inspired 考查非谓语动词。主句中已有谓语sells,因此设空处应用
非谓语动词作后置定语,逻辑主语stuffed toys和inspire之间是被动关
系。故填inspired。
技法(四) 逻辑关系法——作状语
快捷思维
1. 动词不定式作状语
(1)动词不定式可以用作目的状语;
(2)only to do sth为动词不定式作结果状语,表示出乎意料的结果;
(3)形容词或过去分词作表语时,后接动词不定式作状语。常见词有
happy、 lucky、 anxious、 proud、 disappointed、 surprised、
delighted、 foolish、 pleased、 fortunate等;
(4)牢记“主语+系动词+表语(adj.)+to do”句式,动词不定式
的主动形式表示被动意义。
典例感悟
1. (2024·陕西联考)        (preserve) this Chinese folk culture,
it was included in the inaugural (首批的) items of national intangible
cultural heritage in 2006.
2. (2024·东北三省四市教研联合体模拟)China Daily is running the
series       (show) how master artisans (工匠) are using
dedication and innovation to add new life into the age-old heritage.
3. (2024·杭州模拟)Earlier this month, Sara Hall, a professional
marathon runner competing in the US Olympic marathon trials, actually
threw away her GPS watch on the way       (avoid) distraction.
1. To preserve 考查非谓语动词。此处为动词不定式作目的状语。故填
To preserve。
2. to show 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处动词不定式to
do表示“为了……”作目的状语。故填to show。
3. to avoid 考查非谓语动词。此处为动词不定式作目的状语。故填to
avoid。
快捷思维
2. 分词作状语
(1)动词-ing形式作状语:
①句子的主语是分词动作的发出者, 用动词-ing形式;
②表伴随、时间或条件等要用动词-ing形式;
③自然而然的结果用动词-ing形式。
(2)过去分词作状语:
句子的主语是分词动作的承受者,则用过去分词。
典例感悟
4. (2024·云南三校联考模拟)Our lifestyles are always busy and in a
rush,       (result) in high stress and inadequate sleep.
5. (2024·山东实验中学针对性考试)Today, the Silk Route has a poetic
name called the Belt and Road Initiative,       (aim) to help
those connected regions in culture and economy exchange with a more
advanced road.
6. (2024·济宁模拟)Despite the crowds, we enjoyed a peaceful walk,
greatly       (enhance) by the iconic Smeaton’s Tower
lighthouse.
4. resulting 考查非谓语动词。本句已经有谓语,所以result应用非谓语
动词形式;分析句子结构可知,result和其逻辑主语Our lifestyles之间是
主动关系,故填resulting。
5. aiming 考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词作状语,逻辑主语the
Silk Route与aim之间为主动关系,应用动词-ing形式作状语。故填
aiming。
6. enhanced 考查非谓语动词。此处enhance与we构成被动关系,应用
过去分词作状语。故填enhanced。
技法(五) 句型格式法——作宾语补足语
快捷思维 典例感悟
1.动词不定式作宾语补足语 常用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动
词有tell、 order、 allow、 permit、
enable、 persuade、 force、 warn、
encourage、 ask、 invite、 expect
等。 1.(2024·河北省一模)Looking
inward along the arch, you can see
the blue sky, white clouds, a
lotus, reflections of the houses in
Hongcun, and the local people
don’t permit its beauty      
(destroy).
快捷思维 典例感悟
2.have的固定用法 have sb/sth doing sth 允许/容忍某人
做某事;让某人/某物一直做某事 have sth done
have sb do sth 让某人做某事 2.As humans, we tend to be easily
influenced when it comes to liking or
disliking something, and we’re
happy to have our existing
opinions      (confirm).
3.I need a new passport, so I will
have to have my
photograph       (take).
快捷思维 典例感悟
3.分词作宾语补足语 (1)动词-ing形式作宾语补足语表
示主动、进行; (2)过去分词作宾语补足语表示被
动、完成; (3)常用过去分词作宾语补足语的
动词有have、 make、 get、 leave、
find、 see、 notice、 watch、 hear、
feel、 want、 like等。 4.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)No matter
where I buy them,though, one
steamer basket is rarely enough,yet
two seems greedy, and so I am
always left       (want)
more next time.
5.(2024·山西部分学校阶段性测
试)Mount Wugong is really high —
about 2,000 meters above the sea,
making it tough       
(climb) up.
快捷思维 典例感悟
4.with 复合结构 (1)with+宾语+to do,表示动作
还未发生; (2)with+宾语+doing,表示主
动、进行; (3)with+宾语+done,表示被
动、完成。 6.The World Tourism Organization
began to award Best Tourism Villages
across the world in 2021. China so far
has four villages winning the title,
with the other two     (be)
Yucun village in Zhejiang and Xidi
village in Anhui.
1. to be destroyed 考查非谓语动词。permit ...to do sth为固定搭配,设空
处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语,beauty和destroy之间为被动关系,应用
动词不定式的被动式。故填to be destroyed。
2. confirmed 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,设空处作宾语补足
语。此处为have sth done结构, opinions 与confirm 之间为逻辑上的被动关
系,故填confirmed。
3. taken 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,设空处作宾语补足语。宾
语my photograph与take之间为被动关系;have sth done意为“让某事被
做”,为固定用法,因此用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填taken。
4. wanting 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处为leave sb doing
sth结构,表示“使我想着下次多吃点”。
5. to climb 考查非谓语动词。此处making的宾语it指代Mount Wugong,形
容词tough是宾语补足语,动词不定式作真正的宾语。故填to climb。
6. being 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,这里是一个由介词with引起的
复合结构,在句中作状语,表示补充说明。由于这里表示主动概念,因此
应用动词-ing形式。
01.
解题技巧 · 须掌握
洞悉题型找技巧
Test 1
  You might have heard of 1.        expression “a guilty
pleasure” — maybe it’s the chocolate bar you buy on the way home from
work, or the new clothes that you don’t really need. It comes from the idea
2.        when we reward ourselves with something we like, it can
sometimes leave us 3.        (feel) guilty. Perhaps we don’t feel
we deserved it, or we don’t think it was a responsible way to spend our
money. But should we feel like this? Do we really have to feel guilty about
treating 4.        (we)?
  Perhaps not. Psychologists have suggested that buying things for yourself
can make you feel better as it 5.        (provide) an opportunity to
take control of your situation. It can give you social contact as well as a
confidence boost from changes you make to your self-image. It’s important
6.        (recognize) and embrace these guilty pleasures as a way to
relax, unwind, and enjoy moments of leisure without 7.       
(judge) or criticism.
  Of course, there are also examples of people turning to dangerous
behaviour when 8.        (face) with stressful circumstances.
People might spend money that they don’t have or turn to unhealthy
9.        (habit). Psychologist Leon Seltzer considers the difference
between self-indulgence and self-nurturing. Self-indulgence can be reckless and
have negative consequences, 10.        self-nurturing is taking
responsible decisions to satisfy our needs and take care of ourselves in ways that
don’t have a significant impact.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。在生活中当我们偶尔奢侈享乐时,往往
会伴随一种自责情绪。作者认为,我们偶尔犒劳自己时,没必要自责。
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。在生活中当我们偶尔奢侈享乐时,往往
会伴随一种自责情绪。作者认为,我们偶尔犒劳自己时,没必要自责。
1. the 考查冠词。这里特指后面提到的短语a guilty pleasure,因此应用定
冠词the。
2. that 考查同位语从句。本空后面在解释说明前面提到的idea的具体内
容,因此由连词that引导一个同位语从句。
3. feeling 考查非谓语动词。leave sb doing sth是固定用法,表示“让某人
做某事或处于某种状态”。
4. ourselves 考查代词。本句主语为we,这里表示我们犒劳我们自己,因
此用反身代词ourselves。
5. provides 考查时态。根据语境可知,这里在陈述一个现存的客观事
实,因此应用一般现在时。
6. to recognize 考查非谓语动词。本句由代词It作形式主语,这里应用动
词不定式作真正主语。
7. judg(e)ment 考查词形转换。本空前面是介词without,因此这里应
用名词作其宾语。
8. faced 考查非谓语动词。be faced with是固定短语,表示“面临”。这
里when faced with相当于when we are faced with。
9. habits 考查名词复数。根据语境可知,这里应用可数名词habit的复数
形式。
10. while/but 考查连词。由于两个分句之间存在转折关系,因此这里应
用表达转折意义的并列连词while/but。
Test 2
  Shanghai recently unveiled an updated plan for evaluating the quality of
compulsory education in the city, known as Green Indicators (指标) 3.0,
1.        aims to provide a more comprehensive assessment of
students’ overall growth, going beyond purely academic achievements.
  The city’s education commission said the plan seeks to spread a scientific
educational philosophy, create a healthy educational environment, and drive
the development of high-quality compulsory education through
2.        (reform) in evaluation orientation and methods.
  Green Indicators 3.0 introduces fresh criteria, including personal
character, legal awareness, life skills and innovation, 3.       
(offer) a more holistic (全面的) view of student development.
  It places increased 4.        (emphasise) on monitoring mental
wellbeing by improving existing health indicators. 5.        an effort to
enhance students’ social skills, the new evaluation system has introduced a
dedicated standard for assessing interpersonal relationships.
  It also strengthens assessments related to social-emotional competencies,
including communication abilities, collaboration skills and emotional
regulation capabilities. Nurturing these skills 6.        (be) essential
for the wellbeing and lifelong growth of young people.
  To avoid 7.        (increase) academic burdens, the city’s
education commission said the evaluation results will not be tied to student
graduation or advancement criteria. Instead, Shanghai aims to address societal
concerns through in-depth research 8.      publicly share relevant reports to
create an environment conducive to educational development.
  Shanghai 9.        (introduce) the green indicators in 2011 for
evaluation of the quality of compulsory education. They have since played
10.         important role in diagnosing problems in school education
and promoting the comprehensive development of students.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。上海市教委最近发布了《上海市义务教
育质量绿色指标评价实施方案(2024年修订版)》(简称“绿色指
标”3.0版),旨在提供一种更全面的对学生成长的评估(其中包含人际
关系测评),而不仅仅是关注学习成绩。
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。上海市教委最近发布了《上海市义务教
育质量绿色指标评价实施方案(2024年修订版)》(简称“绿色指
标”3.0版),旨在提供一种更全面的对学生成长的评估(其中包含人际
关系测评),而不仅仅是关注学习成绩。
1. which 考查定语从句。根据语境可知,这里由关系代词which引导一个
非限制性定语从句,which在从句中作主语。
2. reforms 考查名词复数。根据语境可知,这里指多项改革,因此用可数
名词reform的复数形式。
3. to offer 考查非谓语动词。本空前面已有主谓宾,这里应用动词不定式
作目的状语。
4. emphasis 考查词形转换。根据本空前面的It places increased可知,这里
应填入一个名词作动词places的宾语。
5. In 考查介词。in an effort to是一个固定短语,表示“目的是……;为
了……”。
6. is 考查主谓一致。本句主语Nurturing these skills应该视为单数,且陈
述一个客观事实,因此这里应用is。
7. increasing 考查非谓语动词。avoid doing sth是固定用法,表示“避免
做某事”。
8. and 考查连词。这里address societal concerns through in-depth research与
publicly share relevant reports是两个并列的动词短语,因此这里应用并列连
词and。
9. introduced 考查时态。本句时间状语为in 2011,因此这里应用一般过
去时。
10. an 考查冠词。本空后面的role为可数名词,且important的发音以元音
音素开头,因此这里用不定冠词an。play an important role意为“起重要的
作用”。