(共45张PPT)
语法项目(一) 从句法层面辨识谓语
01.
目录contents
02.
随堂演练验收效
解题技巧须掌握
01.
解题技巧 · 须掌握
洞悉题型找技巧
一、思维定向——先判断是否作谓语
解题攻略
第一步:确定是否作谓语
首先,分析句子结构,若句中无谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但
设空处所填词与之是并列关系时,设空处就用谓语动词。
第二步:若填谓语动词,就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致
(1)看“时间”定时态,注意语境中暗含的时间状语;
(2)看“主语”定语态,看主语是否为动作的发出者;
(3)看人称和数,确保主谓一致。
典例印证
【典例】 (2024·全国甲卷)They (be) part of a 15-
member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of
the natural beauties there.
【分析】 第一步:确定填谓语。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中
作谓语。
第二步:考虑时态、语态和主谓一致。结合文章时态和句意可知,此
处描述过去的情况,应用一般过去时;主语是They,谓语动词be应用
复数形式。
参考答案 were
二、解题规则——再确定作何种谓语
技法(一) 定时态——四角度
解题“四角度”
角度1:时间状语标志词
(1)一般现在时:always、 often、 sometimes、 usually、 occasionally、
every time、 now and then等;
(2)一般过去时:yesterday、 last year、 in 2021、 the other day、 two
days ago、“一段时间+later”等;
(4)现在进行时:now、 at this moment、 at present、 always、
constantly等;
(5)现在完成时:recently、 lately、 already、 in the last/past few days、 so
far、 up to now、 till now、 “for+时间段”等;
(6)过去完成时:by then、 by the end of ...、 by that time 等。
(3)一般将来时:tomorrow、 next year、 in a week、 in the
future、 soon等;
典例感悟
1. (2024·贵阳模拟)Legend has it that Buddhist monk Le Zun
(see) 1,000 Buddhas bathed in golden light at the site. He then decided
to dig a cave into the cliff.
2. (2024·齐鲁名校联盟)In 2015, the center (observe)
some 70 to 80 birds in the area while in 2023, over 200 of the birds were
watched at the nesting site.
3. (2024·潍坊模拟)Historians note that between the 14th and 15th century,
paintings in Xizang (integrate) many elements from the
Chinese murals.
4. (2024·山东实验中学模拟)The term “Erbin”, a nickname of
Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, known for its ice and snow
festival, (gain) popularity across China recently.
5. (2024·陕西部分学校适应性考试)Since the Belt and Road Initiative
(BRI) was proposed by China in 2013, China (open)
wider.
1. saw 考查时态。根据下句中的谓语动词decided可知,这里应该用
一般过去时。
2. observed 考查时态。分析句子结构可知,设空处缺谓语动词,根
据In 2015可知,应用一般过去时。故填observed。
3. integrated 考查时态。根据时间状语between the 14th and 15th
century可知,句子是描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,故填
integrated。
4. has gained 考查时态。gain作本句的谓语,根据标志词recently可
知,应用现在完成时。故填has gained。
5. has opened 考查时态。根据句子结构和时间状语Since the Belt and
Road Initiative (BRI) was proposed by China in 2013可知,句中谓语
动词应用现在完成时。故填has opened。
解题“四角度”
角度2:固定句式
(1)Sb was/were doing sth when sb did ...;
(2)Sb had (just) done sth when sb did ...;
(3)This/That/It is the+序数词+time+that+现在完成时;
(4)This/That/It was the+序数词+time+that+过去完成时;
(5)祈使句+and/or+陈述句,陈述句用一般将来时;
(6)It’s (high) time that sb did/should do sth;
(7)It is/has been+时间段+since+一般过去时。
典例感悟
6. (2024·濮阳模拟)Peng Qinglin, a 31-year-old from Zhangjiajie, Hunan
Province, (deliver) his first order of the day at that time
along Xixing Bridge when he heard a call for help.
7. It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac,
but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois,
(prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
8. It is high time that we (devote) ourselves to environmental
protection and ecological improvement.
9. Susan had quit her well-paid job and (work) as a volunteer
in the neighbourhood when I visited her last year.
6. was delivering 考查时态。固定句型sb be doing sth when ...意为
“某人正在做某事,这时……”。根据句中he heard a call可知,设空
处应用过去进行时。故填was delivering。
7. has proved/proven 考查时态。分析句子结构可知,设空处作谓语,
时间状语从句since it opened to the public暗示这里应用现在完成时。故
填has proved/proven。
8. devoted/should devote 考查时态。在It is (high) time that ...句型
中,从句谓语应用did或should do。故填devoted/should devote。
9. was working 考查时态。根据空后的when引导的时间状语从句可
知,此处应用过去进行时。故填was working。
解题“四角度”
角度3:并列关系
(1)并列连词:and、 but、 or、 rather than、 neither ...nor ...、 not
only ...but also ...等;
(2)同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语,谓语动词时态要一致。
10. (2024·河北省联考)A report showed that a crowd of residents of
Jianghua Yao Autonomous County, Hunan Province,
(sing) and danced on Saturday to celebrate the coming of Jingzhe or the
Awakening of Insects.
典例感悟
10. sang 考查动词的时态。根据and danced可知,此处应用一般过去
时。故填sang。
解题“四角度”
角度4:语境暗示
在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下,可以通过正确理解语境,即
通过题干中的“语境暗示”解题。
11. (2024·昆明“三诊一模”)This innovative approach to museum
souvenirs reflects a broader trend of making cultural products appealing to
young Chinese museum-goers. The Palace Museum’s online store, for
instance, (offer) playful and humorous souvenirs
featuring emperors in Chinese history, receiving positive reviews from
young visitors.
典例感悟
11. offers 考查时态。设空处为谓语动词,根据上下文可知,应用一
般现在时。故填offers。
技法(二) 定语态——两牢记
解题“两牢记”
牢记1:常考时态的被动语态的构成
分析句子结构发现提示词作谓语,若与主语之间是主谓关系,应考虑用主
动语态;若是动宾关系,则考虑用被动语态。
(1)牢记几种被动语态结构:
一般现在时:am/is/are done;
一般过去时:was/were done;
一般将来时:will be done;
过去将来时:would be done;
现在进行时:am/is/are being done;
过去进行时:was/were being done;
现在完成时:have/has been done;
过去完成时:had been done。
(2)带有情态动词的被动语态的基本形式:情态动词+be done。
典例感悟
1. (2024·山东实验中学针对性考试)Meanwhile, the Chinese
civilization (introduce) to the Western countries and vice
versa. The Silk Route was considered as a new chapter recording the
friendship between the European and Asian peoples.
2. (2024·烟台、德州模拟)If you want to make a feather shuttlecock, a
piece of cloth wrapped around a coin (need).
3. (2024·1月浙江卷)However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a
pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could
sometimes (offer) in smaller packs.
4. (2024·威海模拟)Avoiding the use of modern vehicles helps reduce the
chance of polluting the lake water, and the number of fish that
can (catch) is capped to ensure that there will be fish for
years to come.
1. was introduced 考查时态和语态。设空处在句中作谓语,句子描述
过去发生的事,且主语the Chinese civilization和动词introduce之间是被动
关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was introduced。
2. is needed 考查时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,此处为谓语动词,
主语a piece of cloth wrapped around a coin和动词need之间为被动关系,
且陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is needed。
3. be offered 考查语态。分析句子结构可知,offer与主语they之间为被
动关系,且本空前有情态动词could。故填be offered。
4. be caught 考查语态。设空处作定语从句的谓语,主语that指代the
number of fish,和catch之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,位于情态动词
can后面。故填be caught。
解题“两牢记”
牢记2:主动形式表示被动含义
当sell、 read、 draw、 wash、 write、 open、 wear、 run、 burn等动词后有
状语(well、 easily等)修饰,用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时,用主动
形式表示被动含义。
典例感悟
5. The pink dress she wants to buy for her daughter as her birthday present
online (wash) easily.
6. The books which were written by Yu Hua, a famous writer in
Zhejiang, (sell) out here up to now.
6. have been sold 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语up
to now可知,设空处应用现在完成时;根据语境可知,sell在此处强调动
作,指书已经被卖完,应用现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been sold。
5. washes 考查时态。分析句子结构可知,设空处作谓语,且表示的是
主语所具有的特征,应考虑用主动形式表示被动意义。故填washes。
技法(三) 定主谓一致——三原则
解题“三原则” 典例感悟
原则1:就近一致 (1)由neither ...nor ...、
either ...or ...、 not only ...but
also ...、 not ...but ...等连接并列
主语时,谓语动词的数要和位置最近
的主语保持一致; (2)由there、 here引起的主语不止
一个时,谓语动词的数通常和邻近的
主语保持一致。 1.(2024·广东部分高中大联考)
Not only (be) these
dragons decorations, but they also
carry the essence of Chinese culture.
2.At present neither my wife nor I
myself (be) able to
persuade my daughter to change her
mind.
解题“三原则” 典例感悟
原则2:就远一致 主语后跟有with、 together with、 as
well as、 like、 but、 except、 along
with、 rather than、 including、 in
addition to等引导的短语时,谓语动
词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 3.Four classical plays, including
The Peony Pavilion,
(update) and restored in the past
few years.
4.The musician along with his band
members (give) ten
performances in the last three
months.
解题“三原则” 典例感悟
原则3:语法一致 (1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的
是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现
(不可分割的整体)时,谓语动词用
单数形式; (2)非谓语动词、从句作主语时,
谓语动词一般用单数形式; (3)集体名词看作整体时,谓语动
词用单数形式;看作个体时,谓语动
词用复数形式。 5.(2024·广州普通高中冲刺训练
题)“Growing tasty and healthy
food (be) my
dream since I was a teenager. I know
how challenging it can be, but if
you take the soil seriously, I believe
it will pay off,” Guo says.
6.(2024·江南十校联考)Society
has developed greatly and huge
changes (occur) as
well after the birth of the Analects of
Confucius.
1. are 考查主谓一致。本句Not only放在句首需要倒装,主语为空后的
these dragons,且这里时态应与后面保持一致用一般现在时。故填are。
2. am 考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语At present可知,应用
一般现在时;neither ... nor ... 连接并列主语时,谓语动词的数由nor后面
的主语(I)来决定,故填am。
3. have been updated 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in the
past few years可知,应用现在完成时;分析句子结构可知,句子主语Four
classical plays 为复数名词,且和update之间为被动关系。故填have been
updated。
4. has given 考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in the last three months可
知,应用现在完成时;A along with B作主语时,谓语动词的数由A决定。
故填has given。
5. has been 考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语since I was a teenager可
知,主句使用现在完成时;本句主语是动词-ing短语,表示单数意义,谓
语应用第三人称单数形式,故填has been。
6. have occurred 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,设空处作句
子的谓语,结合Society has developed greatly可知,两个分句应保持时态一
致,应用现在完成时。故填have occurred。
技法(四) 动词易错形式变化——三原则
解题“三原则” 典例感悟
原则1:牢记过去式和过去分词需
双写尾字母再加-ed的动词:
admit、 permit、 commit、 stop、
equip、 drop、 slip、 ban、 plan、
hug、 chat、 spot、 regret、 rob
等。 1.(2024·青岛模拟)It is said that
since January, goods with dragon-
themed elements, such as daily
necessities, alcohol and gold
jewelry, (prefer) by
consumers.
解题“三原则” 典例感悟
原则2:牢记不规则动词的过去式
和过去分词:
seek→sought→sought;
think→thought→thought;
choose→chose→chosen;
fall→fell→fallen等。 2.(2024·潍坊模拟)The Thangka
painting is not a flat creation but
consists of a painted picture panel,
over which a fabric is mounted, and
then over which (lay) a
cover, usually silk.
解题“三原则” 典例感悟
原则3:形容词或名词+-en 转化而
来的动词 broaden、 harden、 soften、
darken、 deepen、 lengthen、
ripen、 shorten、strengthen、
widen、 frighten、 brighten、
sharpen、 weaken等。 3.They’ve discovered dancing can
encourage exercise and can
also (deep) ties
between the two generations.
1. have been preferred 考查时态和语态。设空处为从句谓语动词,根据时
间状语since January可知,此处应用现在完成时;主语goods with dragon-
themed elements和prefer之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。故填have been
preferred。
2. is laid 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。which指代先行词fabric,和动词
lay之间是被动关系,且句子是描述一个事实,应用一般现在时的被动语
态。故填is laid。
3. deepen 考查词形转换。设空处在情态动词后,应用动词原形;根据句
意可知,应用deepen,表示“加深,深化”。故填deepen。
02.
随堂演练 · 验收效
素养提升要落实
Test 1
With an admission letter from Tsinghua University in bag, Yang Yun,
1. has been a postman for 21 years, was overjoyed to deliver it
to 2. recipient (接收者) in Tongliang district of Chongqing —
his daughter.
“Congratulations to my daughter! Here is your admission letter from
Tsinghua University. Please sign for it!” Yang Yun said, 3.
(hand) Tongliang district’s first admission letter from Tsinghua University
this year to his daughter Yang Yu on 27 July.
Among the countless mail that Yang Yun delivered, the delivery of this
admission letter was the 4. (happy) moment in his postman
career.
5. (raise) in a common family in a small town, Yang
Yu overcame challenges and worked diligently to become a new undergraduate
in one of the top universities in China.
When her family moved to a county, Yang Yu could not catch up with the
new classmates initially, 6. her parents encouraged her to study
hard and make progress naturally. With her perseverance and support from
family, Yang Yu gradually gained better 7. (result) at school.
In her last year in senior high school, the upcoming national college
entrance examination, or gaokao, 8. (increase) the
pressure on her studies. However, with her teachers’ encouragement and her
family’s company, the pressure didn’t defeat her. Yang Yu worked so hard
that she improved 9. (her) bit by bit and finally achieved her
dream.
Yang Yu is looking forward to experiencing the charm of sciences
overlapping with arts, broadening her horizons and finding her
10. (academy) study direction in college life.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。杨云是重庆铜梁一位从业21年的邮递
员,2024年他最幸福的事是将一封清华大学录取通知书放入邮差包,送
到自己女儿的手里。
1. who 考查定语从句。关系代词who引导一个非限制性定语从句,修饰
先行词Yang Yun。
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。杨云是重庆铜梁一位从业21年的邮递
员,2024年他最幸福的事是将一封清华大学录取通知书放入邮差包,送
到自己女儿的手里。
2. the 考查冠词。这里特指下文提到的his daughter这个接收者,因此用定
冠词the。
3. handing 考查非谓语动词。此处hand这一动作由逻辑主语Yang Yun发
出,表主动概念,因此用动词-ing形式作伴随状语。
4. happiest 考查形容词的最高级。本空前有定冠词the,再结合语境可
知,这里应用形容词的最高级。
5. Raised 考查非谓语动词。这里动词raise与其逻辑主语Yang Yu之间是被
动关系,因此用过去分词作状语。
6. but 考查连词。本空前后两个分句之间是转折关系,因此用并列连词
but。
7. results 考查名词复数。名词result在表示“成绩”时,应用复数形式。
8. increased 考查时态。本句时间状语为In her last year in senior high
school,因此这里应用一般过去时。
9. herself 考查代词。这里表示“自我提升”,因此用反身代词herself。
10. academic 考查词形转换。本空后面是名词study,因此这里应用形容
词作其定语。
Test 2
If you’re a sports fan, you may be familiar 1. the
emotional roller coaster that comes with watching sports. 2.
you’re part of a buzzing crowd in a stadium, or just watching at home on
TV, it’s easy to get 3. (catch) up in the highs and the lows
when you celebrate or feel sympathy for your favourite team or athlete. Those
feelings are so strong, in fact, that a study from Croatia, published in
PubMed, showed that the emotional stress during a football match increased
4. risk of a cardiovascular (心血管的) incident. But can
watching sports be good for you too?
The evidence suggests that people 5. watch live sporting
events experience greater wellbeing than those who don’t. A study published
in Frontiers in Public Health by the Anglia Ruskin University in the UK,
found sports spectators (观众) felt less lonely and had 6.
(high) scores for life satisfaction. Lead author Helen Keys said in a press
release,“Watching live sport of all types 7. (provide) many
opportunities for social interaction and this helps to create group identity and
belonging.” She says this then reduces 8. (lonely) and
boosts wellbeing.
But, if for any reason you aren’t keen on going to live events, don’t
worry! Watching sports on TV or on the Internet may also have positive
9. (effect), according to a 2021 study by Tsuji and colleagues.
They found that older adults who watched sports were less likely
10. (have) depressive symptoms than those who didn’t. On
top of that, the sports spectators tended to have richer social networks than
non-spectators.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。2024年是奥运年,你知道观看体育比赛
对我们的身心健康有利还是有害吗?
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。2024年是奥运年,你知道观看体育比赛
对我们的身心健康有利还是有害吗?
1. with 考查介词。be familiar with是一个固定短语,表示“熟悉……”。
2. Whether 考查状语从句。这里连词whether意为“不管;无论”,引导
一个让步状语从句。
3. caught 考查非谓语动词。“get+过去分词”表示被动概念。这里
get/be caught up in sth表示“被卷入或陷入某事中”。
4. the 考查冠词。这里特指后面提到的a cardiovascular incident这一风险,
因此应用定冠词the。
5. who/that 考查定语从句。这里关系代词who/that引导一个定语从句,修
饰先行词people。
6. higher 考查形容词的比较级。本空前面的felt less lonely暗示这里也应
用形容词的比较级,had higher scores与felt less lonely正好并列。
7. provides 考查时态和主谓一致。本句陈述一个客观事实,应用一般现
在时。主语为动词-ing短语Watching live sport of all types,谓语动词用第三
人称单数形式。
8. loneliness 考查词形转换。本空前面是谓语动词reduces,因此这里应用
名词loneliness作其宾语。
9. effects 考查名词复数。这里effect为可数名词,根据语境应该用复
数形式。
10. to have 考查非谓语动词。be likely to do sth是固定用法,因此这里应
用动词不定式形式。