第二讲 推理判断题——据文推理慎甄选
推理判断题属于深层次的阅读理解题。解答该类题目时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。在进行推断时，要据文推理、合情推理，切记不可脱离原文主观臆断。高考对推理判断题的考查形式包括细节推理题、写作意图题、观点态度题和文章出处题或读者对象题等。
一、推理判断题的4大命题形式
考查内容 设问方式
细节 推理题 细节推理题要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。只有正确把握文章的内在联系，理解文章的真正含义，才可能作出准确的推断 注意题干中常用的五个动词：infer、 indicate、 imply、 suggest （暗示）、 conclude。 该类题型常见的设题形式有： ①It can be inferred/concluded from the text that . ②The writer/author indicates/suggests/implies that . ③What can we infer about ...？
续写作 意图题 一般来说，作者在文章中不直接陈述自己的写作意图，而是通过文章中所提供的事实使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求学生在理解文章大意的基础上进行归纳总结和推理判断 该类题型常见的设题形式有： ①What is the main purpose of the text？ ②What is the author’s purpose of/in writing this passage？ ③For what purpose did the author write the passage？ ④The writer writes this passage （in order） to .
观点 态度题 学生要通过分析文中的用词、语气和对细节的描述来体会字里行间流露的情感或态度，从而推断出作者或文中人物的言外之意 该类题型常见的设题形式有： ①How does the author feel about ...？ ②What does the author think of ...？ ③What is the author’s attitude towards/to ...？
文章出 处题或读 者对象题 学生要根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的出处或类别。读者对象题要求根据文章内容和文中的措辞推断文章的读者对象 该类题型常见的设题形式有： ①Where is this text most likely from？ ②Where is this text probably taken from？ ③The passage is probably intended for .
二、推理判断题的5大解题途径
推理判断题要求学生在理解语篇字面意义的基础上，通过分析其中的逻辑关系和细节暗示，进行推理、判断，从而得出文章的深层意义。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们应严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措辞、态度和语气等，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感彩的词语，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。
推理判断题中的正确选项是依据文章的事实或论据推断出的符合逻辑的结论或观点，它一般具有以下特征：
（1）立足原文，只推一步。根据原文内容，一步即可推知答案，无需过度发挥；
（2）选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念，如only、 never、 all、 absolutely等，正确答案的表述一般比较模糊和中性，会用一些相对能够留有余地的词汇，如often、 usually、 sometimes、 some、 may、 might、 can、 could、 possibly、 probably等。
下面结合高考常考方向，具体解析五大解题途径。
途径（一） “定析比”速推隐含义
推断隐含义类题目通常要求学生对文章的某个或某些句子、段落或全文所提供的信息进行深入分析，精准把握文章内部的逻辑关联并结合语境进行推理判断。
【典例】 （2025 全国二卷阅读A篇节选） Shrewsbury， Shropshire Getting to Shrewsbury Town Center from London is challenging but worth the anxiety.The River Severn has a significant turn through town， almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center.The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway.Flowers are everywhere — hanging baskets， window boxes， and planters — just what you imagine in an attractive English market town. 22.What is a feature of Shrewsbury Town Center？ A.It’s situated near a big island. B.It’s almost surrounded by water. C.It’s known for its flower festival. D.It’s easily accessible from London. 解题思路： 第一步 定：根据题干中的Shrewsbury Town Center定位信息至小标题Shrewsbury， Shropshire的段落。 第二步 析：根据节选段中的The River Severn has a significant turn through town， almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center.可知，River Severn在 Shrewsbury小镇中拐了一个大弯，几乎把镇中心变成了一个小岛。由此可推知，Shrewsbury镇中心几乎四面环水。 第三步 比： B项（它几乎被水环绕）与原文相符。 正确答案： B 答题方略：“定析比”三步法快速确定答案
途径（二） 辨文体、明主旨，巧判写作意图
写作意图题要求学生不仅能够辨别文章体裁、理解文章主旨大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述的内容进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
【典例】 （2024 新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D篇节选） Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives， we all need to take action to deal with our AI－powered future， and this is where AI by Design：A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in.This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution （变革）. In the wrong hands， such a book could prove as complicated to process ... As we soon come to learn from AI by Design， AI is already super－smart ... Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI ... AI will affect us all， and if you only read one book on the subject， this is it. 35.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text？ A.To recommend a book on AI. B.To give a brief account of AI history. C.To clarify the definition of AI. D.To honor an outstanding AI expert.
解题思路： 第一步 辨文体：快速浏览文章可知，本文是一篇事物说明文。 第二步 明主旨：根据文章首段和尾段可知，本文主要介绍了Catriona Campbell的著作，该书是应对人工智能革命挑战的实用指南，且文章从商业视角阐述人工智能发展的现状与前景，强调控制人工智能的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。 第三步 判意图：综上可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐AI by Design： A Plan for living with Artificial Intelligence这本关于人工智能的书。 正确答案： A 答题方略：
途径（三） “忠于措辞”速解观点态度题
观点态度题往往让学生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的态度、观点或看法，或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。观点和态度一般分为三类：支持或反对、乐观或悲观、主观或客观。作者的这种思想倾向和感彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。解答此类题目应多注意行文中的措辞，特别是具有感彩的形容词或副词。
【典例】 （2024 全国甲卷阅读C篇节选） The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation.For 10 months every year， the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks， before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock （补给）.Then it starts all over again the next month.Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day.The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups.“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned，” says Ducke.“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.” 31.What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services？ A.Appreciative. B.Doubtful. C.Ambiguous. D.Cautious. 解题思路：根据节选第二段中Ducke说的I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned和They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.可知，Ducke对该服务持赞扬、感激的态度。 正确答案： A
答题方略：
途径（四） “察言观色”速判文章出处和类型
判断文章出处和类型题在阅读理解中所占比重不大，该题型要求学生有一定的常识，能够根据语篇的体裁、题材以及相关细节来推断文章的出处和类型。学生要特别关注报纸、杂志、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等类型的语篇特征和文体结构，这样才能依据作者陈述的细节、事实以及措辞、态度和语气，“察言观色”速判文章出处和类型。
【典例】 （2023 新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C篇节选） Reading Art： Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book， represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history， in art made long before books as we now know them came into being.In artists’ representations of books and reading， we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. In this “book of books，” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures.We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school， with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed （描绘） alone in many settings and poses — absorbed in a volume， deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure.These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago， but they record moments we can all relate to. 28.Where is the text most probably taken from？ A.An introduction to a book. B.An essay on the art of writing. C.A guidebook to a museum. D.A review of modern paintings. 解题思路：根据节选第一段第一句Reading Art：Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of ...three hundred artworks from museums around the world.可知，《阅读艺术：书籍爱好者的艺术》这本书里展示了来自世界各地博物馆的近300件艺术品，本文主要是对该书内容的介绍。据此可以推知，本文最有可能摘自一本书的简介。 正确答案： A
答题方略：
途径（五） “据文析语”巧断读者对象
推断读者对象的题在高考中考查频率较低。一般来讲，读者对象推断题要求学生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断文章的读者对象。
【典例】 （2025 重庆模拟A篇节选） 3 Low－Impact Adventures to Try Across the UK There are loads of ways to take in the UK’s landscape without putting a strain on the environment. 1.Stay in an eco－friendly treehouse in Stirlingshire Located on different parts of protected woodland， the Lanrick and Leckie Treehouses come with a far smaller footprint than your average holiday accommodation.They are just four miles from the Trossachs National Park， located in central Scotland.This provides easy access to a wealth of outdoor activities， including hiking， biking and bird watching. The Treehouses at Lanrick cost ￡245 a night for one person， with a minimum two－night stay.You need to pay an extra ￡30 for the Treehouses at Leckie. 2.Go wild camping on the Isle of Rum ... 3.Hike through history in the Peak District ... 3.Who is probably the target reader of this passage？ A.An eco－minded traveler. B.An animal lover. C.A risk－hungry athlete. D.A social activist. 解题思路：根据节选第一段There are loads of ways to take in the UK’s landscape without putting a strain on the environment.可知，文章主要介绍了三种低环境影响的旅行方式，强调环保和可持续性，适合关注生态保护的旅行者。所以目标读者更可能是关注生态的旅行者。 正确答案： A 答题方略：
三、推理判断题的6大命题陷阱
推理判断题是为了考查学生能否以文章中所叙述的事实为依据，经过自己客观的推理，从而得出结论。因此，命题人常常设置一些干扰项，没读懂文章的学生很容易掉入命题人精心设置的“陷阱”中。
陷阱（一） 主观臆断
某些选项没有基于原文进行推断，而是主观猜测想象或根据常识进行猜测。
【典例】 （2025 全国一卷阅读B篇节选） In my ninth－grade writing class last year， I met a cowboy who saved his town， a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s， and a modern－day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life.More than once， I found myself wondering just how my students， who’d created these people， knew their subjects so well. But things were different for their first essay， which was about the question：“Why is writing important？” Most of the essays filled less than one page， and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis （论点） statement.I was shocked.Then I realized that the problem was the question itself.They could have written pages on the necessity of computers， but writing， in and of itself， simply didn’t strike them as important.This would have to change. 25.Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay？ A.They were not given enough time. B.They had a very limited vocabulary. C.They misunderstood the question. D.They had little interest in the topic. 解题思路：根据题干中的their first essay定位到节选第二段。根据第二段最后两句可知，学生表现不佳，问题就出在这个题目（Why is writing important？）上——他们本可以就电脑的必要性写上好多页，但写作本身对他们而言实在算不上重要。由此推知，学生对话题缺乏兴趣导致表现不佳。 干扰选项A（他们没有被给予足够的时间）、B（他们的词汇量非常有限）属于主观想象进行猜测，并未在原文中被提及。 正确答案： D
陷阱（二） 过度推断或以偏概全
有时作者仅简单、客观地叙述事实，并未作出评论，而一些选项却扩大作者的叙述范围、进行过度推断；或者一些选项仅针对原文中某一句话进行推断，而忽略了其他信息，造成以偏概全。
【典例】 （2024 新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C篇节选） BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.About half of them walk or bike to work.Inside the office， they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single－use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste， carbon and chemicals in our environment，” said a BMF employee. 30.What can be concluded about BMF employees？ A.They have a great passion for sports. B.They are devoted to community service. C.They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D.They have a strong environmental awareness. 解题思路：根据节选段中对BMF员工生活的描述和员工自述可知，BMF员工在日常生活中践行可持续发展，约半数的员工走路或骑自行车上班。 干扰选项A（对运动有热情）、B（热衷于社区服务）、C（热爱分享日常经历）都超越了原文的表达范围，属于过度推断。 正确答案： D
陷阱（三） 偷换概念
某些干扰选项与原文高度相似，仅改动某个词或截取关键词，但整体意思不符合原文主旨。
【典例】 （2025 全国一卷阅读C篇节选） Life on city streets started to change decades ago.Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere.Some communities fought back.Most famously， a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park.Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway， Jane Jacobs called on her mayor （市长） to champion “New York as a decent place to live， and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread， the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car.The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly.In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty－six million people， among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. 30.What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s？ A.They boosted the sales of cars. B.They turned out largely ineffective. C.They won government support. D.They advocated building new parks. 解题思路：节选第一段最后一句指出，20世纪60年代和70年代澳大利亚也发生了抗议“城市规划优先道路而牺牲社区”的活动。节选第二段描述了尽管这些抗议活动的范围广泛，但大多数西方国家城市规划仍关注汽车出行的需求，尤其是澳大利亚汽车数量多。由此可以推断，这些抗议收效甚微。 原文提到Jane Jacobs反对用高速公路取代公园，但并未说澳大利亚的运动主张新建公园，故干扰选项D（它们倡导建设新的公园）属于典型的偷换概念。 正确答案： B
陷阱（四） 逻辑颠倒
某些选项颠倒原文逻辑，例如因果倒置、目的与手段倒置等。
【典例】 （2025 全国二卷阅读C篇节选） When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants， she didn’t have high hopes for it.But the opposite happened：She was flooded， shipping out 1，200 orders in June of 2020 alone.In the past year， Detrinidad sent out more than 70，000 plants.Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. 28.How was Detrinidad’s business when it started？ A.It faced tough competition. B.It suffered a great loss. C.It got lots of financial support. D.It went surprisingly well. 解题思路：根据节选段可知，一开始Detrinidad对她的线上绿植生意并不抱太大期望，但结果却出人意料；第二句和第三句中的订单数量都说明她的生意出乎意料地好。 干扰选项B（它遭受了巨大的损失）属于逻辑颠倒。原文明确提到the opposite happened和She was flooded，与“损失”相反。此选项颠倒了原文“低期望”与“好结果”的逻辑关系。 正确答案： D
陷阱（五） 背离主题
某些选项背离了文章的主题思想，是对原文的曲解。
【典例】 （2024 1月浙江卷阅读D篇节选） A similar process is at work in our response to information.Our formative environment as a species was information－poor， so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information.But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment.We are now ceaselessly bombarded （轰炸） with new information.Therefore， just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption， we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption， resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively. 34.What does the author suggest readers do？ A.Absorb new information readily. B.Be selective information consumers. C.Use diverse information sources. D.Protect the information environment. 解题思路：根据节选段最后一句可知，我们也需要更谨慎地考虑我们的信息消耗，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑，以便最有效地管理我们的时间。因此作者建议读者做有选择性的信息消费者。 干扰选项A建议读者“欣然接受新信息”，违背了本文想表达有选择性地接受信息的立意。 正确答案： B
陷阱（六） 事实复述
某些选项仅仅是对原文事实进行简化复述，而非推断得出的结论。
【典例】 （全国Ⅱ卷阅读B篇节选） Still， most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close.That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more： Connecting to the community （社区） as you freely give your time， money， skills， or services provides a real joy.Volunteering just feels so good. In that sense， I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit.However， if others benefit in the process， and I get some reward too， does it really matter where my motivation lies？ 27.Why does the author like doing volunteer work？ A.It gives her a sense of duty. B.It makes her very happy. C.It enables her to work hard. D.It brings her material rewards. 解题思路：根据节选第一段中的关键信息That relief is coupled with a deep ...people keep coming back for more： Connecting to the community （社区） as you freely give your time， money， skills， or services provides a real joy.Volunteering just feels so good.可以推断出，作者愿意做志愿者工作的理由是志愿者工作让她很开心。根据节选第二段中的However， if others benefit ...my motivation lies？会误选D，而D项只是直接简单复述了原文I get some reward。 正确答案： B
A
（2025 石家庄教学质量检测）When Glen Coupland was first practising yoga more than 25 years ago， it was to get active and boost his own fitness.Now， at the age of 78， Glen is a yoga teacher at five locations around Toronto， teaching 17 classes a week.And he’s built a community of students who gather weekly to practise and socialize.“It’s really nice to see people build friendships here.” he says.
Nancy，56， has been practising yoga with Coupland for about a decade， and she says why she keeps coming back is the community.She’s become friends with Coupland and her fellow students： they go cycling， meet up for tea， go hiking， even go on vacation together.
“Social isolation（隔离）is the new smoking， in terms of death rate，” says Dr.Alexandra Papaioannou， director of the Geras Centre for Aging Research.“Older adults tend to have fewer social ties.As seniors leave the work force， they’re not getting that daily connection.Plus， family members may not live near and spouses （配偶） may have passed away.”
A study published by the Journal of Aging Health found that loneliness and social isolation could lead to higher chances of depression and weakened thinking abilities， greater risks of heart diseases， memory loss， and a reduced quality of life.
Another study found that older adults who exercised with others demonstrated better physical function and memory abilities than those who didn’t exercise at all or exercised alone.And compared with those who exercised alone， older adults who participated in group fitness had significantly better muscle strength， attention， memory and overall function.
For seniors， group fitness classes are a good way of getting much－needed exercise and an opportunity to socialize.
1.What’s the main reason for Nancy to keep practising yoga with Glen Coupland？ （ ）
A.To become a yoga teacher.
B.To improve her fitness.
C.To enjoy a sense of belonging.
D.To serve the community.
2.What can we learn from Dr.Alexandra Papaioannou’s words？（ ）
A.Seniors living alone tend to smoke more.
B.Lack of social ties causes more smoking.
C.Seniors need to avoid smoking to live longer.
D.Social isolation is as dangerous as smoking.
3.What can we conclude from the two studies？ （ ）
A.Group exercise helps fight health risks.
B.Group activities can cure mental diseases.
C.Better physical condition can improve memory.
D.Social bonds have little impact on mental health.
4.Which column of a website is the text probably taken from？ （ ）
A.Entertainment. B.Wellness.
C.Fashion. D.Culture.
B
（2025 湖北省高中名校联盟联合测评）In the future， discovering old digital records， such as floppy disks or VHS tapes， could lead to both excitement and disappointment.While these physical items may still exist， it would be difficult to find devices to access their information.This contrasts with older items， like letters and photographs， which are immediately accessible to anyone with eyes.
Digital technology has greatly expanded our ability to store information， but the challenge is how long this information will remain accessible.In the context of found digital media， the problem is not the longevity of the records themselves but the lack of suitable devices to read them.Most software and apps used to create documents and websites in the past are already outdated， and in the future， they may no longer be available.The issue is even more complicated with interactive apps and websites， which may be inaccessible in the distant future.
Vint Cerf， a Google vice president， warns that if no action is taken， future generations might view our era as the “digital dark ages”.He uses the term “bit rot” to describe how digital records may slowly become inaccessible.Many experts， including computer scientist Mahadev Satyanarayanan， are working to find solutions.Satyanarayanan has developed a method to store digital records along with the original operating systems and applications in the cloud， preserving them for future access.
Both Cerf and Satyanarayanan emphasize the need for careful preservation of digital records.Unlike physical items like photographs， where the decision to save or remove is less critical， digital records require active decisions about what to keep.Satyanarayanan believes important records， such as government documents or major news stories， will likely be moved to new forms of storage technology.However， the records of everyday life — the ones we do not yet recognize as valuable — may be at risk of disappearing into the digital dark ages.
5.What is the main problem with old digital records？ （ ）
A.Their physical durability. B.Lack of matching devices.
C.Unreadability of records. D.Limited storage capacity.
6.What does the author want to explain by mentioning the term “bit rot” in paragraph 3？（ ）
A.The leak of digital data. B.The poor shift in cloud data.
C.Stored data damage. D.Loss of data access.
7.Which might be the outcome for important records according to Satyanarayanan？ （ ）
A.Gradually losing them. B.Randomly preserving them.
C.Physically storing them. D.Potentially relocating them.
8.What is the author’s attitude toward the preservation of digital records？ （ ）
A.Concerned. B.Tolerant.
C.Supportive. D.Optimistic.
【披沙拣金】
熟词生义 A篇 fellow 熟义：n.小伙子，家伙 文中义：adj.同类的，同伴的 tie 熟义：v.（用线、绳索等）系，扎，捆 n.领带，领结 文中义：n.联系 plus 熟义：prep.加 文中义：conj.此外 cycle 熟义：n.自行车 文中义：骑自行车
B篇 president 熟义：n.总统；国家主席 文中义：n.总裁 critical 熟义：adj.批评的；批判性的 文中义：adj.极重要的；关键的
构词法 A篇 合成词：much－needed adj.急需的 派生词：socialize v.交往，交际 ［social社交的，交际的＋－ize］ 转化词：hike n.徒步旅行，远足→v.徒步旅行，远足
B篇 派生词： complicated adj.复杂的 ［complicate使复杂化＋－d］ interactive adj.交互的 ［inter－（相互）＋act行动＋－ive］ preservation n.保存，保护 ［preserv（e）保存＋－ation］
难句分析 A篇 Another study found that older adults who exercised with others demonstrated better physical function and memory abilities than those who didn’t exercise at all or exercised alone. 分析：句子主干为Another study found that ...，其中，that引导宾语从句；who exercised with others和who didn’t exercise at all or exercised alone均为定语从句，分别修饰先行词older adults和those。 译文：另一项研究发现，与完全不锻炼或独自锻炼的老年人相比，和他人一起锻炼的老年人表现出更好的身体机能和记忆能力。
第二讲 推理判断题——据文推理慎甄选
【随堂演练】
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章通过具体事例及研究说明社交隔离对老年人健康的危害以及群体锻炼对老年人健康的益处。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，南希坚持和格伦 库普兰练习瑜伽主要是为了享受一种归属感。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可推知，社会隔离和吸烟一样危险。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第四段和第五段可推知，团体锻炼有助于对抗健康风险。
4.B 文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了对于老年人来说，群体健身课程不仅是获得必要锻炼的好方式，也是社交的机会，并通过具体事例及研究说明社交隔离对老年人健康的危害以及群体锻炼对老年人健康的益处，所以文章与健康养生相关。由此可推知，文章来自网站的健康专栏。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了未来保存旧数字记录（如软盘、VHS磁带等）面临的挑战，包括设备缺失、技术过时等问题，并介绍了专家提出的解决方案。
5.B 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句和第二段第二句可知，旧数字记录存在的主要问题是缺乏合适的设备来读取它们。
6.D 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知，作者提到“bit rot”这个术语是为了解释数字记录可能会逐渐变得无法访问，即数据访问的丧失。
7.D 细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句可知，Satyanarayanan认为重要记录可能会被转移到新的存储技术中，即可能会把它们重新安置。
8.A 推理判断题。根据第一段和第二段可知，作者提到旧数字记录面临缺乏读取设备、软件和应用程序过时等问题，还指出日常生活中的数字记录也面临风险，如逐渐变得无法访问等，这些都体现了作者对数字记录保存情况的担忧。
12 / 12(共85张PPT)
第二讲 推理判断题——据文推理慎甄选
目录
探究突破
随堂演练
探究突破
推理判断题属于深层次的阅读理解题。解答该类题目时一定要从
整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未
知信息之间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”和
“言外之意”。在进行推断时，要据文推理、合情推理，切记不可脱
离原文主观臆断。高考对推理判断题的考查形式包括细节推理题、写
作意图题、观点态度题和文章出处题或读者对象题等。
一、推理判断题的4大命题形式
考查内容 设问方式
细节 推理
题 细节推理题要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。只有正确把握文章的内在联系，理解文章的真正含义，才可能作出准确的推断 注意题干中常用的五个动词：infer、 indicate、 imply、 suggest （暗示）、conclude。
该类题型常见的设题形式有：
①It can be inferred/concluded from the text that .
②The writer/author indicates/
suggests/implies that .
③What can we infer about ...？
考查内容 设问方式
写作 意图
题 一般来说，作者在文章中不直接陈述自己的写作意图，而是通过文章中所提供的事实使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求学生在理解文章大意的基础上进行归纳总结和推理判断 该类题型常见的设题形式有：
①What is the main purpose of the text？
②What is the author’s purpose of/in
writing this passage？
③For what purpose did the author write
the passage？
④The writer writes this passage （in
order） to .
考查内容 设问方式
观点 态度
题 学生要通过分析文中的用词、语气和对细节的描述来体会字里行间流露的情感或态度，从而推断出作者或文中人物的言外之意 该类题型常见的设题形式有：
①How does the author feel about ...？
②What does the author think of ...？
③What is the author’s attitude
towards/to ...？
考查内容 设问方式
文章出 处题或读者对
象题 学生要根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的出处或类别。读者
对象题要求根据文章
内容和文中的措辞推
断文章的读者对象 该类题型常见的设题形式有：
①Where is this text most likely from？
②Where is this text probably taken
from？
③The passage is probably intended
for .
二、推理判断题的5大解题途径
推理判断题要求学生在理解语篇字面意义的基础上，通过分析其
中的逻辑关系和细节暗示，进行推理、判断，从而得出文章的深层意
义。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目
时，同学们应严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措辞、态
度和语气等，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感彩的词语，然后利
用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。
推理判断题中的正确选项是依据文章的事实或论据推断出的符合
逻辑的结论或观点，它一般具有以下特征：
（1）立足原文，只推一步。根据原文内容，一步即可推知答
案，无需过度发挥；
（2）选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念，如only、 never、 all、
absolutely等，正确答案的表述一般比较模糊和中性，会用一些相对能
够留有余地的词汇，如often、 usually、 sometimes、 some、 may、
might、 can、 could、 possibly、 probably等。
下面结合高考常考方向，具体解析五大解题途径。
途径（一） “定析比”速推隐含义
推断隐含义类题目通常要求学生对文章的某个或某些句子、段落
或全文所提供的信息进行深入分析，精准把握文章内部的逻辑关联并
结合语境进行推理判断。
【典例】 （2025·全国二卷阅读A篇节选）
Shrewsbury， Shropshire
Getting to Shrewsbury Town Center from London is challenging but
worth the anxiety.The River Severn has a significant turn through town，
almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center.The shape creates a
perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river
as a highway.Flowers are everywhere — hanging baskets， window
boxes， and planters — just what you imagine in an attractive English
market town.
22. What is a feature of Shrewsbury Town Center？
A. It’s situated near a big island.
B. It’s almost surrounded by water.
C. It’s known for its flower festival.
D. It’s easily accessible from London.
解题思路：
第一步 定：根据题干中的Shrewsbury Town Center定位信息至小标题
Shrewsbury， Shropshire的段落。
第二步 析：根据节选段中的The River Severn has a significant turn
through town， almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center.可
知，River Severn在 Shrewsbury小镇中拐了一个大弯，几乎把镇中心变
成了一个小岛。由此可推知，Shrewsbury镇中心几乎四面环水。
第三步 比： B项（它几乎被水环绕）与原文相符。
正确答案： B
答题方略：“定析比”三步法快速确定答案
途径（二） 辨文体、明主旨，巧判写作意图
写作意图题要求学生不仅能够辨别文章体裁、理解文章主旨大
意，同时还要具备对作者阐述的内容进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
【典例】 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D篇节选）
Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives， we all
need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future， and this is where
AI by Design：A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in.This
absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap
addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution （变
革）.
In the wrong hands， such a book could prove as complicated to
process ...
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design， AI is already super-
smart ...
Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI ...
AI will affect us all， and if you only read one book on the subject，
this is it.
35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text？
A. To recommend a book on AI.
B. To give a brief account of AI history.
C. To clarify the definition of AI.
D. To honor an outstanding AI expert.
解题思路：
第一步 辨文体：快速浏览文章可知，本文是一篇事物说明文。
第二步 明主旨：根据文章首段和尾段可知，本文主要介绍了
Catriona Campbell的著作，该书是应对人工智能革命挑战的实用
指南，且文章从商业视角阐述人工智能发展的现状与前景，强调
控制人工智能的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，
以防潜在危机。
第三步 判意图：综上可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐AI by
Design： A Plan for living with Artificial Intelligence这本关于人工智能
的书。
正确答案： A
答题方略：
途径（三） “忠于措辞”速解观点态度题
观点态度题往往让学生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的
态度、观点或看法，或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。观点和态度一
般分为三类：支持或反对、乐观或悲观、主观或客观。作者的这种思
想倾向和感彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。解答此类题目应多注
意行文中的措辞，特别是具有感彩的形容词或副词。
【典例】 （2024·全国甲卷阅读C篇节选）
The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve
the situation.For 10 months every year， the train stops at about eight
stations over two weeks， before returning to the regional capital to refuel
and restock （补给）.Then it starts all over again the next month.Most
stations wait about a year between visits.
Doctors see up to 150 patients every day.The train’s equipment
allows for basic checkups.“I was very impressed by the doctors and their
assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused
and very concerned，” says Ducke.“They were the best chance for
many rural people to get the treatment they want.”
31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services？
A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful.
C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious.
解题思路：根据节选第二段中Ducke说的I was very impressed by the
doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still
staying focused and very concerned和They were the best chance for many
rural people to get the treatment they want.可知，Ducke对该服务持赞
扬、感激的态度。
正确答案： A
答题方略：
途径（四） “察言观色”速判文章出处和类型
判断文章出处和类型题在阅读理解中所占比重不大，该题型要求
学生有一定的常识，能够根据语篇的体裁、题材以及相关细节来推断
文章的出处和类型。学生要特别关注报纸、杂志、小说、广告、说明
书、旅游指南等类型的语篇特征和文体结构，这样才能依据作者陈述
的细节、事实以及措辞、态度和语气，“察言观色”速判文章出处和
类型。
【典例】 （2023·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C篇节选）
Reading Art： Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday
object — the book， represented here in almost three hundred artworks
from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears
throughout history， in art made long before books as we now know them
came into being.In artists’ representations of books and reading， we
see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books，” artworks are selected and arranged in a
way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and
cultures.We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school，
with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are
portrayed （描绘） alone in many settings and poses — absorbed in a
volume， deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure.These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago， but they record moments we can all relate to.
28. Where is the text most probably taken from？
A. An introduction to a book.
B. An essay on the art of writing.
C. A guidebook to a museum.
D. A review of modern paintings.
解题思路：根据节选第一段第一句Reading Art：Art for Book Lovers is
a celebration of ...three hundred artworks from museums around the
world.可知，《阅读艺术：书籍爱好者的艺术》这本书里展示了来自
世界各地博物馆的近300件艺术品，本文主要是对该书内容的介绍。
据此可以推知，本文最有可能摘自一本书的简介。
正确答案： A
答题方略：
途径（五） “据文析语”巧断读者对象
推断读者对象的题在高考中考查频率较低。一般来讲，读者对象
推断题要求学生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断文章的读者对象。
【典例】 （2025·重庆模拟A篇节选）
3 Low-Impact Adventures to Try Across the UK
There are loads of ways to take in the UK’s landscape without
putting a strain on the environment.
1. Stay in an eco-friendly treehouse in Stirlingshire
Located on different parts of protected woodland， the Lanrick and
Leckie Treehouses come with a far smaller footprint than your average
holiday accommodation.They are just four miles from the Trossachs
National Park， located in central Scotland.This provides easy access to a
wealth of outdoor activities， including hiking， biking and bird
watching.
The Treehouses at Lanrick cost ￡245 a night for one person， with a
minimum two-night stay.You need to pay an extra ￡30 for the Treehouses
at Leckie.
2. Go wild camping on the Isle of Rum
...
3. Hike through history in the Peak District
...
3. Who is probably the target reader of this passage？
A. An eco-minded traveler. B. An animal lover.
C. A risk-hungry athlete. D. A social activist.
解题思路：根据节选第一段There are loads of ways to take in the UK’s
landscape without putting a strain on the environment.可知，文章主要介
绍了三种低环境影响的旅行方式，强调环保和可持续性，适合关注生
态保护的旅行者。所以目标读者更可能是关注生态的旅行者。
正确答案： A
答题方略：
三、推理判断题的6大命题陷阱
推理判断题是为了考查学生能否以文章中所叙述的事实为依据，
经过自己客观的推理，从而得出结论。因此，命题人常常设置一些干
扰项，没读懂文章的学生很容易掉入命题人精心设置的“陷阱”中。
陷阱（一） 主观臆断
某些选项没有基于原文进行推断，而是主观猜测想象或根据常识
进行猜测。
【典例】 （2025·全国一卷阅读B篇节选）
In my ninth-grade writing class last year， I met a cowboy who saved
his town， a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s， and a
modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the
love of her young life.More than once， I found myself wondering just
how my students， who’d created these people， knew their subjects so
well.
But things were different for their first essay， which was about the
question：“Why is writing important？” Most of the essays filled less
than one page， and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as
a thesis （论点） statement.I was shocked.Then I realized that the
problem was the question itself.They could have written pages on the
necessity of computers， but writing， in and of itself， simply didn’t
strike them as important.This would have to change.
25. Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay？
A. They were not given enough time.
B. They had a very limited vocabulary.
C. They misunderstood the question.
D. They had little interest in the topic.
解题思路：根据题干中的their first essay定位到节选第二段。根据第二
段最后两句可知，学生表现不佳，问题就出在这个题目（Why is
writing important？）上——他们本可以就电脑的必要性写上好多页，
但写作本身对他们而言实在算不上重要。由此推知，学生对话题缺乏
兴趣导致表现不佳。
干扰选项A（他们没有被给予足够的时间）、B（他们的词汇量非常
有限）属于主观想象进行猜测，并未在原文中被提及。
正确答案： D
陷阱（二） 过度推断或以偏概全
有时作者仅简单、客观地叙述事实，并未作出评论，而一些选项
却扩大作者的叙述范围、进行过度推断；或者一些选项仅针对原文中
某一句话进行推断，而忽略了其他信息，造成以偏概全。
【典例】 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C篇节选）
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.About
half of them walk or bike to work.Inside the office， they encourage
recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding
single-use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste， carbon and
chemicals in our environment，” said a BMF employee.
30. What can be concluded about BMF employees？
A. They have a great passion for sports.
B. They are devoted to community service.
C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences.
D. They have a strong environmental awareness.
解题思路：根据节选段中对BMF员工生活的描述和员工自述可知，
BMF员工在日常生活中践行可持续发展，约半数的员工走路或骑自行
车上班。
干扰选项A（对运动有热情）、B（热衷于社区服务）、C（热爱分享
日常经历）都超越了原文的表达范围，属于过度推断。
正确答案： D
陷阱（三） 偷换概念
某些干扰选项与原文高度相似，仅改动某个词或截取关键词，但
整体意思不符合原文主旨。
【典例】 （2025·全国一卷阅读C篇节选）
Life on city streets started to change decades ago.Whole
neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and
kids had to play elsewhere.Some communities fought back.Most
famously， a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan
in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local
park.Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an
expressway， Jane Jacobs called on her mayor （市长） to champion
“New York as a decent place to live， and not just rush through.”
Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as
well.
Although these campaigns were widespread， the reality is that the
majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car.The number of cars on roads has been increasing
rapidly.In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over
twenty-six million people， among the highest rate of car ownership in the
world.
30. What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late
1960s and 1970s？
A. They boosted the sales of cars.
B. They turned out largely ineffective.
C. They won government support.
D. They advocated building new parks.
解题思路：节选第一段最后一句指出，20世纪60年代和70年代澳大利
亚也发生了抗议“城市规划优先道路而牺牲社区”的活动。节选第二
段描述了尽管这些抗议活动的范围广泛，但大多数西方国家城市规划
仍关注汽车出行的需求，尤其是澳大利亚汽车数量多。由此可以推
断，这些抗议收效甚微。
原文提到Jane Jacobs反对用高速公路取代公园，但并未说澳大利亚的
运动主张新建公园，故干扰选项D（它们倡导建设新的公园）属于典
型的偷换概念。
正确答案： B
陷阱（四） 逻辑颠倒
某些选项颠倒原文逻辑，例如因果倒置、目的与手段倒置等。
【典例】 （2025·全国二卷阅读C篇节选）
When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants，
she didn’t have high hopes for it.But the opposite happened：She was
flooded， shipping out 1，200 orders in June of 2020 alone.In the past
year， Detrinidad sent out more than 70，000 plants.Her success is just
one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the
houseplant industry.
28. How was Detrinidad’s business when it started？
A. It faced tough competition.
B. It suffered a great loss.
C. It got lots of financial support.
D. It went surprisingly well.
解题思路：根据节选段可知，一开始Detrinidad对她的线上绿植生意并
不抱太大期望，但结果却出人意料；第二句和第三句中的订单数量都
说明她的生意出乎意料地好。
干扰选项B（它遭受了巨大的损失）属于逻辑颠倒。原文明确提到the
opposite happened和She was flooded，与“损失”相反。此选项颠倒了
原文“低期望”与“好结果”的逻辑关系。
正确答案： D
陷阱（五） 背离主题
某些选项背离了文章的主题思想，是对原文的曲解。
【典例】 （2024·1月浙江卷阅读D篇节选）
A similar process is at work in our response to information.Our
formative environment as a species was information-poor， so our brains
developed a mechanism that prized new information.But global
connectivity has greatly changed our information environment.We are now ceaselessly bombarded （轰炸） with new information.Therefore， just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption， we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption， resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time
most effectively.
34. What does the author suggest readers do？
A. Absorb new information readily.
B. Be selective information consumers.
C. Use diverse information sources.
D. Protect the information environment.
解题思路：根据节选段最后一句可知，我们也需要更谨慎地考虑我们
的信息消耗，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑，以便最有效地管理我们
的时间。因此作者建议读者做有选择性的信息消费者。
干扰选项A建议读者“欣然接受新信息”，违背了本文想表达有选择
性地接受信息的立意。
正确答案： B
陷阱（六） 事实复述
某些选项仅仅是对原文事实进行简化复述，而非推断得出的
结论。
【典例】 （全国Ⅱ卷阅读B篇节选）
Still， most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season
comes to a close.That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why
the same people keep coming back for more： Connecting to the
community （社区） as you freely give your time， money， skills， or
services provides a real joy.Volunteering just feels so good.
In that sense， I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit.However， if others benefit in the process， and I get some reward too， does it really matter where my motivation lies？
27. Why does the author like doing volunteer work？
A. It gives her a sense of duty.
B. It makes her very happy.
C. It enables her to work hard.
D. It brings her material rewards.
解题思路：根据节选第一段中的关键信息That relief is coupled with a
deep ...people keep coming back for more： Connecting to the
community （社区） as you freely give your time， money， skills， or
services provides a real joy.Volunteering just feels so good.可以推断出，
作者愿意做志愿者工作的理由是志愿者工作让她很开心。根据节选第
二段中的However， if others benefit ...my motivation lies？会误选D，
而D项只是直接简单复述了原文I get some reward。
正确答案： B
随堂演练
A
（2025·石家庄教学质量检测）When Glen Coupland was first
practising yoga more than 25 years ago， it was to get active and boost his
own fitness.Now， at the age of 78， Glen is a yoga teacher at five
locations around Toronto， teaching 17 classes a week.And he’s built a
community of students who gather weekly to practise and
socialize.“It’s really nice to see people build friendships here.” he
says.
Nancy，56， has been practising yoga with Coupland for about a
decade， and she says why she keeps coming back is the
community.She’s become friends with Coupland and her fellow
students： they go cycling， meet up for tea， go hiking， even go on
vacation together.
“Social isolation（隔离）is the new smoking， in terms of death
rate，” says Dr.Alexandra Papaioannou， director of the Geras Centre
for Aging Research.“Older adults tend to have fewer social ties.As
seniors leave the work force， they’re not getting that daily connection.Plus， family members may not live near and spouses （配
偶） may have passed away.”
A study published by the Journal of Aging Health found that
loneliness and social isolation could lead to higher chances of depression
and weakened thinking abilities， greater risks of heart diseases，
memory loss， and a reduced quality of life.
Another study found that older adults who exercised with others
demonstrated better physical function and memory abilities than those
who didn’t exercise at all or exercised alone.And compared with those who exercised alone， older adults who participated in group fitness had
significantly better muscle strength， attention， memory and overall
function.
For seniors， group fitness classes are a good way of getting much-
needed exercise and an opportunity to socialize.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章通过具体事例及研究说明社交
隔离对老年人健康的危害以及群体锻炼对老年人健康的益处。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章通过具体事例及研究说明社交
隔离对老年人健康的危害以及群体锻炼对老年人健康的益处。
1. What’s the main reason for Nancy to keep practising yoga with Glen
Coupland？ （ ）
A. To become a yoga teacher.
B. To improve her fitness.
C. To enjoy a sense of belonging.
D. To serve the community.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，南希坚持和格伦·库普兰练习瑜伽主要是为了享受一种归属感。
√
2. What can we learn from Dr.Alexandra Papaioannou’s words？
（ ）
A. Seniors living alone tend to smoke more.
B. Lack of social ties causes more smoking.
C. Seniors need to avoid smoking to live longer.
D. Social isolation is as dangerous as smoking.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可推知，社会隔离和吸烟
一样危险。
√
3. What can we conclude from the two studies？ （ ）
A. Group exercise helps fight health risks.
B. Group activities can cure mental diseases.
C. Better physical condition can improve memory.
D. Social bonds have little impact on mental health.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段和第五段可推知，团体锻炼有助
于对抗健康风险。
√
4. Which column of a website is the text probably taken from？ （ ）
A. Entertainment. B. Wellness.
C. Fashion. D. Culture.
解析： 文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了对于老年人
来说，群体健身课程不仅是获得必要锻炼的好方式，也是社交的机
会，并通过具体事例及研究说明社交隔离对老年人健康的危害以及群
体锻炼对老年人健康的益处，所以文章与健康养生相关。由此可推
知，文章来自网站的健康专栏。
√
B
（2025·湖北省高中名校联盟联合测评）In the future，
discovering old digital records， such as floppy disks or VHS tapes，
could lead to both excitement and disappointment.While these physical
items may still exist， it would be difficult to find devices to access their
information.This contrasts with older items， like letters and
photographs， which are immediately accessible to anyone with eyes.
Digital technology has greatly expanded our ability to store
information， but the challenge is how long this information will remain
accessible.In the context of found digital media， the problem is not the
longevity of the records themselves but the lack of suitable devices to read
them.Most software and apps used to create documents and websites in the
past are already outdated， and in the future， they may no longer be
available.The issue is even more complicated with interactive apps and
websites， which may be inaccessible in the distant future.
Vint Cerf， a Google vice president， warns that if no action is
taken， future generations might view our era as the “digital dark
ages”.He uses the term “bit rot” to describe how digital records may
slowly become inaccessible.Many experts， including computer scientist
Mahadev Satyanarayanan， are working to find solutions.Satyanarayanan
has developed a method to store digital records along with the original
operating systems and applications in the cloud， preserving them for
future access.
Both Cerf and Satyanarayanan emphasize the need for careful
preservation of digital records.Unlike physical items like photographs，
where the decision to save or remove is less critical， digital records
require active decisions about what to keep.Satyanarayanan believes
important records， such as government documents or major news
stories， will likely be moved to new forms of storage technology.
However， the records of everyday life — the ones we do not yet recognize as valuable — may be at risk of disappearing into the digital
dark ages.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了未来保存旧数字记
录（如软盘、VHS磁带等）面临的挑战，包括设备缺失、技术过时
等问题，并介绍了专家提出的解决方案。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了未来保存旧数字记
录（如软盘、VHS磁带等）面临的挑战，包括设备缺失、技术过时
等问题，并介绍了专家提出的解决方案。
5. What is the main problem with old digital records？ （ ）
A. Their physical durability.
B. Lack of matching devices.
C. Unreadability of records.
D. Limited storage capacity.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句和第二段第二句可知，旧
数字记录存在的主要问题是缺乏合适的设备来读取它们。
√
6. What does the author want to explain by mentioning the term “bit
rot” in paragraph 3？（ ）
A. The leak of digital data.
B. The poor shift in cloud data.
C. Stored data damage.
D. Loss of data access.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知，作者提到“bit rot”
这个术语是为了解释数字记录可能会逐渐变得无法访问，即数据访问
的丧失。
√
7. Which might be the outcome for important records according to
Satyanarayanan？ （ ）
A. Gradually losing them.
B. Randomly preserving them.
C. Physically storing them.
D. Potentially relocating them.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句可知，Satyanarayanan
认为重要记录可能会被转移到新的存储技术中，即可能会把它们重新
安置。
√
8. What is the author’s attitude toward the preservation of digital
records？ （ ）
A. Concerned. B. Tolerant.
C. Supportive. D. Optimistic.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段和第二段可知，作者提到旧数字
记录面临缺乏读取设备、软件和应用程序过时等问题，还指出日常生
活中的数字记录也面临风险，如逐渐变得无法访问等，这些都体现了
作者对数字记录保存情况的担忧。
√
【披沙拣金】
熟
词
生
义 A 篇 fellow 熟义：n.小伙子，家伙 文中义：adj.同类的，同伴的
tie 熟义：v.（用线、绳索等）系，扎，捆 n.领带，领结 文中义：n.联系
plus 熟义：prep.加 文中义：conj.此外
cycle 熟义：n.自行车 文中义：骑自行车
B 篇 president 熟义：n.总统；国家主席 文中义：n.总裁
critical 熟义：adj.批评的；批判性的 文中义：adj.极重要的；关键的
构
词
法 A 篇 合成词：much-needed adj.急需的
派生词：socialize v.交往，交际 [social社交的，交际的＋-
ize]
转化词：hike n.徒步旅行，远足→v.徒步旅行，远足
B 篇 派生词：
complicated adj.复杂的 [complicate使复杂化＋-d]
interactive adj.交互的 [inter-（相互）＋act行动＋-ive]
preservation n.保存，保护 [preserv（e）保存＋-ation]
难
句
分
析 A 篇 Another study found that older adults who exercised with others
demonstrated better physical function and memory abilities than those who didn’t exercise at all or exercised alone.
分析：句子主干为Another study found that ...，其中，that引导宾语从句；who exercised with others和who didn’t exercise at all or exercised alone均为定语从句，分别修饰先行词older adults和those。
译文：另一项研究发现，与完全不锻炼或独自锻炼的老年人相比，和他人一起锻炼的老年人表现出更好的身体机能和记忆能力。
THANKS
演示完毕 感谢观看推理判断题（二）
（建议用时25分钟）
A
（2025 大庆教学质量检测）Jack， an engineer， never imagined racing alone across the Atlantic， much less in a boat built himself.Yet he bought the materials on the Internet and managed to build one.
The idea seemed impractical.Jack was then 47 and married for only two years.He and his wife Deby were building their future， and they had family to consider.Yet she encouraged him， because that is what they did for each other： support the best version of themselves.
In October 2023， Jack packed his boat and flew to Lagos.Ahead of him lay the first leg of a race that would take him to Antigua， eastern Caribbean.The finish line for the first leg was Lanzarote，100 km off the coast of Africa.
After less than a week， Jack arrived in Lanzarote before leaving for the Caribbean.The days were bright and nights were completely dark.With the boat moving closer to the equators， heavy rain erased the sky.With the sails down and waves knocking， he stayed on the tiller （舵柄）， doing his best to survive through the storm with its 40－mph winds.Eventually， the sky began to lighten.He got through the storm and was pleased with how the boat had held up.
The next night， more rain fell.Suddenly， a wave hit the boat and soon the world was spinning （旋转） around him.Thanks to the safety line， Jack didn’t fall off the boat despite the dizziness and tiredness after 28 days at sea.A few days later， the storm stopped.He lay on the boat， exhausted.Crossing the finish line， he sailed 3，186 miles in 33 days， 21 hours， 2 minutes.
For nearly four years， he had been focused on crossing the Atlantic， and he’s now considering pushing himself in a new direction， like into a dance class.The idea fascinates and terrifies him.He admits to being a poor dancer， but with Deby’s help he might have a chance.
1.Why does the author say Jack’s idea was impractical？（ ）
A.Jack had no idea how to build a boat. B.Deby felt uncertain about their future.
C.Jack still faced varieties of life matters. D.Deby persuaded Jack to focus on family.
2.What is the author’s purpose in detailing the weather？（ ）
A.To indicate the race’s uniqueness. B.To stress the boat’s steadiness.
C.To highlight Jack’s struggle. D.To inspire readers’ sympathy.
3.Which of the following can best describe Jack？（ ）
A.Reliable and caring. B.Brave and persuasive.
C.Ambitious and curious. D.Tough and adventurous.
4.What does Jack learn from the race？（ ）
A.He is fascinated by modern dance. B.He has the potential to try new things.
C.He owes his success to Deby’s help. D.He is still terrified by the long race.
B
（2025 九江第三次模拟） Writer’s block doesn’t discriminate.From fresh－faced novelists to literary legends， this creative paralysis （瘫痪） has universally troubled giants throughout history.Maya Angelou experienced it.George R.R.Martin battled it.And in today’s world of endless scrolling （刷屏） and information overload， we’re facing a creativity crisis like never before.
This crisis has shifted dramatically in recent years.Today’s writers aren’t just battling their self－doubt but also an attention economy that has turned distraction into a powerful tool.Every message， every scroll or every like represents a potential distraction of the creative process.Yet writers are fighting back， and they’re winning with strategies that redefine our understanding of creative blocks.
To regain their creative flow， writers are adopting innovative solutions.Some turn back to old－fashioned typewriters， avoiding digital distractions through physical typing.Others use VR to create distraction－free virtual spaces.Changing environments， physical or digital， helps break negative patterns and spark creativity.Another emerging trend is the rise of writing collectives， such as The Midnight Oil Collective， which combine cognitive behavioral strategies， timed writing sessions and peer accountability （问责） to overcome blocks and boost productivity.
The message from this creative revival is clear： writer’s block isn’t a creative death sentence — it’s a challenge to be overcome with the right tools and support.The block itself isn’t the enemy； it’s simply a signal that something in the approach needs to change.Whether the change involves adopting old－fashioned technology， diving into VR or joining a writing collective， today’s writers are proving that creativity can’t be permanently blocked — it just needs new channels to flow through.
In this era of constant distraction and information overload， the solutions to writer’s block are evolving as rapidly as the challenges.The key lies not in fighting the block head－on， but in finding new pathways around it.As technology continues to advance and our understanding of creative psychology deepens， the tools for breaking through creative paralysis will only become more advanced and effective.
5.What makes today’s creativity crisis unique？（ ）
A.Less reader interest. B.Poor educational systems.
C.Digital information overload. D.More competitive markets.
6.Why do some writers prefer typewriters？（ ）
A.They quicken Internet access. B.They arouse great memories.
C.They simplify writers’ editing. D.They minimize digital distractions.
7.What can be inferred about writer’s block in paragraph 4？（ ）
A.Manageable. B.Alternative.
C.Fundamental. D.Permanent.
8.What’s the author’s attitude to overcoming writer’s blocks？（ ）
A.Openly critical. B.Cautiously doubtful.
C.Emotionally neutral. D.Firmly optimistic.
C
（2025 石家庄教学质量检测）Have you ever had something good happen to you and felt like shouting it from the rooftops？ Sharing positive events with others and receiving an enthusiastic response in return has been tied to many good outcomes， including closer relationships and greater happiness.Now， a new study suggests another benefit of sharing the good stuff： more feelings of gratitude.
The researchers started by asking 300 participants how often they tended to share good news， and how other people in their lives generally responded to their good news.Then， six times a day for 10 days， the researchers asked participants to report on how grateful they were in the moment， how recently they’d had a social encounter， whether they’d shared good news with that person， and how close they felt to the person as a result.
Afterward， the researchers analyzed the results to look for patterns.They found those who shared positive events with others felt more grateful in the moment and closer to the person with whom they shared the news.In addition， people with a tendency to share good news and receive enthusiastic responses were the most grateful in the group， overall.
“Sharing good news calls attention to the good things happening in your life，” says Alexandra Gray， study coauthor of Northeastern University.For example， you might tell a friend what a great time you had over the holidays， and in recounting what happened， you can re－experience the positive feelings and become even more appreciative.
“Getting an enthusiastic response to your good news is also important，” says Gray， “because it makes you feel recognized and cared for in a way that strengthens your relationship， and also leads to gratitude.”
Though there’s still more research to be done， Gray suggests people not hold back on sharing their good news with others， or on showing enthusiasm when others share good news with them.We all have a role to play in helping positivity spread.
9.How did the researchers conduct the study？（ ）
A.By analyzing participants’ daily reports.
B.By observing participants’ social encounters.
C.By studying participants’ attitudes to sharing.
D.By tracking participants’ interactive behavior.
10.What does the underlined word “recounting” in paragraph 4 probably mean？（ ）
A.Repeating. B.Analyzing.
C.Inquiring. D.Recalling.
11.What can we infer about positive responses to shared good news？（ ）
A.They boost the sharer’s self－awareness.
B.They serve to confirm the listener’s opinions.
C.They are more influential if given by friends.
D.They make people more connected with others.
12.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text？（ ）
A.To discuss the key to strong friendships.
B.To encourage people to share good news.
C.To compare ways people react to good news.
D.To analyze how gratitude improves happiness.
推理判断题（二）
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位名叫杰克的工程师独自驾船横跨大西洋的故事。
1.C 推理判断题。根据第二段第二至三句可知，杰克当时47岁，结婚才两年，他和妻子正在规划未来，还有家庭需要考虑。这说明杰克仍然面临着各种各样的家庭事务，在这种情况下独自划船穿越大西洋的想法不太现实。
2.C 写作意图题。根据第四段以及第五段内容可推知，作者详细描述天气是为了突出杰克在比赛过程中所面临的艰难和挣扎，展现他在恶劣环境下努力生存和坚持的过程。
3.D 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，杰克独自驾驶自己建造的船穿越大西洋，在航行过程中遇到了暴风雨等恶劣天气和危险情况，但他都坚持下来并最终完成了比赛，这体现了他的坚韧。同时，他敢于尝试独自划船穿越大西洋这样具有挑战性和冒险性的事情，说明他具有冒险精神。
4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，杰克在专注于穿越大西洋近四年后，现在考虑向新的方向挑战自己，比如参加舞蹈课，虽然他承认自己跳舞不好，但觉得有机会尝试。由此推知，他从这次比赛中认识到自己有尝试新事物的潜力。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了作家们面临的创作瓶颈问题及其应对策略。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，数字信息过载使得当今的创造力危机独具特点。
6.D 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，一些作家更喜欢打字机是因为它们能将数字干扰降至最低。
7.A 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句可知，创作瓶颈是可以应对和处理的。
8.D 观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，作者认为随着各种条件的发展，突破创作瓶颈的方法会越来越好。因此作者对克服创作瓶颈持坚定乐观的态度。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究表明，分享好消息除了能带来更亲密的关系和更大的幸福感等好处外，还能带来更多的感恩之情，并介绍了研究过程及分享好消息和对好消息给予热情回应的重要性。
9.A 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可推知，研究人员是通过分析参与者的日常报告来进行研究的。
10.D 词义猜测题。根据第四段画线词所在句可知，你可以重新体验积极的感觉，变得更加感激，所以是在回忆的时候发生的。因此recounting意为“回忆的”。
11.D 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句以及第五段内容可推知，对分享的好消息的积极回应能让人们与他人联系更紧密。
12.B 写作意图题。根据最后一段内容可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励人们分享好消息。
5 / 5(共27张PPT)
推理判断题（二）
（建议用时25分钟）
A
（2025·大庆教学质量检测）Jack， an engineer， never imagined
racing alone across the Atlantic， much less in a boat built himself.Yet he
bought the materials on the Internet and managed to build one.
The idea seemed impractical.Jack was then 47 and married for only
two years.He and his wife Deby were building their future， and they had
family to consider.Yet she encouraged him， because that is what they did
for each other： support the best version of themselves.
In October 2023， Jack packed his boat and flew to Lagos.Ahead of
him lay the first leg of a race that would take him to Antigua， eastern
Caribbean.The finish line for the first leg was Lanzarote，100 km off the
coast of Africa.
After less than a week， Jack arrived in Lanzarote before leaving for
the Caribbean.The days were bright and nights were completely
dark.With the boat moving closer to the equators， heavy rain erased the
sky.With the sails down and waves knocking， he stayed on the tiller
（舵柄）， doing his best to survive through the storm with its 40-mph
winds.Eventually， the sky began to lighten.He got through the storm
and was pleased with how the boat had held up.
The next night， more rain fell.Suddenly， a wave hit the boat and
soon the world was spinning （旋转） around him.Thanks to the safety
line， Jack didn’t fall off the boat despite the dizziness and tiredness
after 28 days at sea.A few days later， the storm stopped.He lay on the
boat， exhausted.Crossing the finish line， he sailed 3，186 miles in 33
days， 21 hours， 2 minutes.
For nearly four years， he had been focused on crossing the
Atlantic， and he’s now considering pushing himself in a new
direction， like into a dance class.The idea fascinates and terrifies
him.He admits to being a poor dancer， but with Deby’s help he might
have a chance.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位名叫杰克的工
程师独自驾船横跨大西洋的故事。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位名叫杰克的工
程师独自驾船横跨大西洋的故事。
1. Why does the author say Jack’s idea was impractical？（ ）
A. Jack had no idea how to build a boat.
B. Deby felt uncertain about their future.
C. Jack still faced varieties of life matters.
D. Deby persuaded Jack to focus on family.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段第二至三句可知，杰克当时47岁，结婚才两年，他和妻子正在规划未来，还有家庭需要考虑。这说明杰克仍然面临着各种各样的家庭事务，在这种情况下独自划船穿越大西洋的想法不太现实。
√
2. What is the author’s purpose in detailing the weather？（ ）
A. To indicate the race’s uniqueness.
B. To stress the boat’s steadiness.
C. To highlight Jack’s struggle.
D. To inspire readers’ sympathy.
解析： 写作意图题。根据第四段以及第五段内容可推知，作者详
细描述天气是为了突出杰克在比赛过程中所面临的艰难和挣扎，展现
他在恶劣环境下努力生存和坚持的过程。
√
3. Which of the following can best describe Jack？（ ）
A. Reliable and caring. B. Brave and persuasive.
C. Ambitious and curious. D. Tough and adventurous.
√
解析： 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，杰克独自驾驶自己建造
的船穿越大西洋，在航行过程中遇到了暴风雨等恶劣天气和危险情
况，但他都坚持下来并最终完成了比赛，这体现了他的坚韧。同时，
他敢于尝试独自划船穿越大西洋这样具有挑战性和冒险性的事情，说
明他具有冒险精神。
4. What does Jack learn from the race？（ ）
A. He is fascinated by modern dance.
B. He has the potential to try new things.
C. He owes his success to Deby’s help.
D. He is still terrified by the long race.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，杰克在专注于穿越
大西洋近四年后，现在考虑向新的方向挑战自己，比如参加舞蹈课，
虽然他承认自己跳舞不好，但觉得有机会尝试。由此推知，他从这次
比赛中认识到自己有尝试新事物的潜力。
√
B
（2025·九江第三次模拟） Writer’s block doesn’t
discriminate.From fresh-faced novelists to literary legends， this creative
paralysis （瘫痪） has universally troubled giants throughout
history.Maya Angelou experienced it.George R. R. Martin battled
it.And in today’s world of endless scrolling （刷屏） and information
overload， we’re facing a creativity crisis like never before.
This crisis has shifted dramatically in recent years.Today’s writers
aren’t just battling their self-doubt but also an attention economy that has
turned distraction into a powerful tool.Every message， every scroll or
every like represents a potential distraction of the creative process.Yet
writers are fighting back， and they’re winning with strategies that
redefine our understanding of creative blocks.
To regain their creative flow， writers are adopting innovative
solutions.Some turn back to old-fashioned typewriters， avoiding digital
distractions through physical typing.Others use VR to create distraction-
free virtual spaces.Changing environments， physical or digital， helps
break negative patterns and spark creativity.Another emerging trend is the
rise of writing collectives， such as The Midnight Oil Collective， which
combine cognitive behavioral strategies， timed writing sessions and peer
accountability （问责） to overcome blocks and boost productivity.
The message from this creative revival is clear： writer’s block
isn’t a creative death sentence — it’s a challenge to be overcome with
the right tools and support.The block itself isn’t the enemy； it’s
simply a signal that something in the approach needs to change.Whether
the change involves adopting old-fashioned technology， diving into VR
or joining a writing collective， today’s writers are proving that
creativity can’t be permanently blocked — it just needs new channels to
flow through.
In this era of constant distraction and information overload， the
solutions to writer’s block are evolving as rapidly as the challenges.The
key lies not in fighting the block head-on， but in finding new pathways
around it.As technology continues to advance and our understanding of
creative psychology deepens， the tools for breaking through creative
paralysis will only become more advanced and effective.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了作家们面临的创作
瓶颈问题及其应对策略。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了作家们面临的创作
瓶颈问题及其应对策略。
5. What makes today’s creativity crisis unique？（ ）
A. Less reader interest.
B. Poor educational systems.
C. Digital information overload.
D. More competitive markets.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，数字信息过载使
得当今的创造力危机独具特点。
√
6. Why do some writers prefer typewriters？（ ）
A. They quicken Internet access.
B. They arouse great memories.
C. They simplify writers’ editing.
D. They minimize digital distractions.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，一些作家更喜欢打
字机是因为它们能将数字干扰降至最低。
√
7. What can be inferred about writer’s block in paragraph 4？（ ）
A. Manageable. B. Alternative.
C. Fundamental. D. Permanent.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句可知，创作瓶颈是可以应
对和处理的。
√
8. What’s the author’s attitude to overcoming writer’s blocks？
（ ）
A. Openly critical. B. Cautiously doubtful.
C. Emotionally neutral. D. Firmly optimistic.
解析： 观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，作者认为随着
各种条件的发展，突破创作瓶颈的方法会越来越好。因此作者对克服
创作瓶颈持坚定乐观的态度。
√
C
（2025·石家庄教学质量检测）Have you ever had something good
happen to you and felt like shouting it from the rooftops？ Sharing positive
events with others and receiving an enthusiastic response in return has been tied to many good outcomes， including closer relationships and greater happiness.Now， a new study suggests another benefit of sharing the good stuff： more feelings of gratitude.
The researchers started by asking 300 participants how often they
tended to share good news， and how other people in their lives generally
responded to their good news.Then， six times a day for 10 days， the
researchers asked participants to report on how grateful they were in the
moment， how recently they’d had a social encounter， whether
they’d shared good news with that person， and how close they felt to
the person as a result.
Afterward， the researchers analyzed the results to look for
patterns.They found those who shared positive events with others felt
more grateful in the moment and closer to the person with whom they
shared the news.In addition， people with a tendency to share good news
and receive enthusiastic responses were the most grateful in the group，
overall.
“Sharing good news calls attention to the good things happening in
your life，” says Alexandra Gray， study coauthor of Northeastern
University.For example， you might tell a friend what a great time you
had over the holidays， and in recounting what happened， you can re-
experience the positive feelings and become even more appreciative.
“Getting an enthusiastic response to your good news is also
important，” says Gray， “because it makes you feel recognized and
cared for in a way that strengthens your relationship， and also leads to
gratitude.”
Though there’s still more research to be done， Gray suggests
people not hold back on sharing their good news with others， or on
showing enthusiasm when others share good news with them.We all have
a role to play in helping positivity spread.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究表明，分享好消息除了
能带来更亲密的关系和更大的幸福感等好处外，还能带来更多的感
恩之情，并介绍了研究过程及分享好消息和对好消息给予热情回应
的重要性。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究表明，分享好消息除了
能带来更亲密的关系和更大的幸福感等好处外，还能带来更多的感
恩之情，并介绍了研究过程及分享好消息和对好消息给予热情回应
的重要性。
9. How did the researchers conduct the study？（ ）
A. By analyzing participants’ daily reports.
B. By observing participants’ social encounters.
C. By studying participants’ attitudes to sharing.
D. By tracking participants’ interactive behavior.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可推知，研究人员是通过
分析参与者的日常报告来进行研究的。
√
10. What does the underlined word “recounting” in paragraph 4
probably mean？（ ）
A. Repeating. B. Analyzing.
C. Inquiring. D. Recalling.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第四段画线词所在句可知，你可以重新
体验积极的感觉，变得更加感激，所以是在回忆的时候发生的。因此
recounting意为“回忆的”。
√
11. What can we infer about positive responses to shared good news？
（ ）
A. They boost the sharer’s self-awareness.
B. They serve to confirm the listener’s opinions.
C. They are more influential if given by friends.
D. They make people more connected with others.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句以及第五段内容可推知，对分享的好消息的积极回应能让人们与他人联系更紧密。
√
12. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text？（ ）
A. To discuss the key to strong friendships.
B. To encourage people to share good news.
C. To compare ways people react to good news.
D. To analyze how gratitude improves happiness.
解析： 写作意图题。根据最后一段内容可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励人们分享好消息。
√
THANKS
演示完毕 感谢观看推理判断题（一）
（建议用时25分钟）
A
（2025 郑州质量预测）I am someone who is outgoing， chatty and friendly.I can appreciate that at first glance I do not appear to be any different from anyone else.I may seem ordinary on the surface.This is entirely because I’m hiding my true self.The only reason I don’t “look like” the features associated with autism （自闭症） is that I am often making every effort to force myself to appear “normal”.Not all autistic people do this， but I do.
I smile whenever I want to hit my head against the wall and scream.I say， “Oh， that’s fine!” when a restaurant doesn’t have what I want， and the loss makes me feel like my skin is on fire.I force myself to make eye contact and focus on conversations.
But sometimes I can’t maintain it.Sometimes， overcome by uncontrolled feelings， my mask （伪装） slips.How somebody responds to me in those moments tells me everything I need to know about their view of autistic people.
I assume that there is a lack of understanding.When people become annoyed that I cancel plans， or when I feel extremely upset I experience new or strange sounds and tastes， they undoubtedly lack empathy （同情）.In these moments， I can see any acceptance of autistic people from these kinds of people is for show.It is easy to say that you support autistic people， but if you are only supportive when that person presents as normal， then that isn’t real support.
So， telling me that I “don’t look autistic” is more denial than praise.Someone shouldn’t have to “look autistic” for you to believe they are autistic， nor should anyone receive more support just because they pass as neurotypical.We are all cupcakes， whether we look like it or not， and are all equally deserving of empathy and support.
1.Why doesn’t the author appear autistic？（ ）
A.He naturally adapts to social situations.
B.He feels relaxed during daily interactions.
C.He received professional treatment as a child.
D.He hides his true feelings through constant effort.
2.How does the author think autistic people should be treated？（ ）
A.They should get real care and concern.
B.They should be supported like normal people.
C.They should be trained to be what they really are.
D.They should receive support only if they act normally.
3.How does the author feel when told he doesn’t look autistic？（ ）
A.Delighted. B.Confused.
C.Annoyed. D.Surprised.
4.What is the author’s main purpose in writing this text？（ ）
A.To express sympathy for people with autism.
B.To call for true acceptance of autistic people.
C.To describe his daily life as an autistic person.
D.To ask readers to make friends with autistic people.
B
（2025 皖江名校联考）At mile 12， my feet were already starting to hurt.By mile 17 of this year’s Boston marathon， I was overcome by an urge to stop.The muscles in my legs and the soles of my feet were aching.There were still 9 hilly miles to go.The intense highs and lows of long－distance running consumed me.While I finally completed my second marathon， I couldn’t walk properly for days.
How did it happen？ “The sneakers you wear are responsible for your aching feet，” says Seth Kinley， an athletic trainer at Pennsylvania State University.Running a marathon means the foot strikes the ground thousands of times.Each step can cause stress and strain on the feet and legs.The repeated impact can lead to injuries， especially if the shoes don’t provide enough support or cushioning （缓冲）.This is why many runners experience pain or even develop long－term issues like stress fractures （骨折）.
In labs across the country， researchers are using high－tech equipment to design new kinds of gear and improve training routines.To prevent the stresses caused by running and other sports， scientists study how the body moves.The process begins when an athlete or employee points out a specific need.Experiments come next.At a Beaverton－based lab， basketball courts， treadmills， and padded running platforms have sensors that measure the forces of impact.Wind tunnels and temperature－controlled rooms simulate （模拟） real－world conditions.High－speed cameras take a thousand or more pictures per puters perform analyses.Athletes come in to run and jump.A team of more than 25 experts watches their every move.
Meanwhile， companies also conduct their own research， all with the same goal — to make better， faster， cooler－looking shoes.Of course， profits are important too.Sneakers， as you may know， can cost a lot of money， and the market is extremely competitive.Research is also going on at universities， sometimes for commercial reasons， other times to help coaches and athletes train better， or simply for the scientific interest of the work.
5.Why does the author mention his second marathon？（ ）
A.To introduce a sneaker－caused problem.
B.To show the author’s passion for marathon.
C.To display the inspiration of sports science.
D.To illustrate what is needed for a long race.
6.Which of the following might Kinley agree with？（ ）
A.Runners should buy the well－known shoes. B.Right footwear is vital to protect runners.
C.A marathon runner need to study athletics. D.Sport－caused injuries take place too often.
7.How does the Beaverton lab mainly work？（ ）
A.By comparing collected data. B.By calling on volunteer subjects.
C.By exploring body movements. D.By creating artificial situations.
8.What can we conclude from the text？（ ）
A.Shoe companies help each other to grow.
B.Sneaker science is now widely pursued.
C.Shoes are made for athletic performance.
D.Scientific research is always profit－driven.
C
（2025 东北三省三校联考）The food you eat might be affecting your body’s ability to fight cancer cells in the colon， according to a recent study.The likely offender is an overabundance of certain omega－6 fatty acids， perhaps from ultra－processed foods in your diets， which may prevent another essential fatty acid， omega－3， from having anti－inflammatory （炎症） effects and fighting tumors.
Dr.Timothy Yeatman， a senior coauthor of the study published in Gut， the journal of the British Society of Gastroenterology， explained，“Mutations （突变） happen every day in the digestive system.Usually， with the help of molecules or mediators from omega－3s， the immune system quickly stops these mutations.” However， he believes that if the body is subjected to a chronic inflammatory environment due to an imbalance of omega－6s， common in ultra－processed and junk foods， it becomes easier for a mutation to take hold and harder for the body to fight it.
A Western diet is often rich in omega－6 fatty acids， largely due to widely available seed oils often used to fry fast foods and manufacture ultra－processed foods that now make up approximately 70% of the US food supply.Linoleic acid， an omega－6 fatty acid found in corn， peanut， soybean， safflower， and sunflower oils， is the most common omega－6 in the US food supply.
Many individuals have a significant imbalance of omega－6 to omega－3 in their bodies.A study from November 2015 revealed that levels of linoleic acid have increased by 136% in the fat tissue of Americans over the past fifty years.
Dr.Bill Harris， a professor of internal medicine not involved in the study， suggests that it is not the omega－6s from ultra－processed foods that are the issue， but rather the scarcity of omega－3s in the American diet， as many dislike fatty fish such as mackerel， herring， and sardines， which are excellent sources of omega－3.He emphasizes， “Don’t blame the omega－6s.It’s not their fault — it’s the lack of omega－3 fatty acids that’s the problem.”
9.What might happen if Americans maintain their current diet？（ ）
A.Omega－3 level in their bodies will increase rapidly.
B.Mutation rate in the digestive system will decrease significantly.
C.Colon cancer risk may keep rising due to omega－6/3 imbalance.
D.Ultra－processed foods will be replaced soon by healthier ones.
10.What can we learn from the text？（ ）
A.Western diet is rich in omega－3 fatty acids.
B.Linoleic acid is the only omega－6 fatty acid in US food supply.
C.Linoleic acid level in the fat tissue of Americans has decreased.
D.Seed oils are widely used in making ultra－processed and junk foods.
11.What does the underlined word “scarcity” in the last paragraph mean？（ ）
A.Shortage. B.Abundance.
C.Resistance. D.Fright.
12.What’s Dr.Bill Harris’s attitude towards blaming omega－6 fatty acids？（ ）
A.Supportive. B.Indifferent.
C.Opposed. D.Uncertain.
推理判断题（一）
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者作为自闭症患者常伪装正常，批评虚假支持，呼吁人们真正理解和接纳自闭症群体。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句可知，作者通过不断努力隐藏自己的真实感受，所以看起来不像患有自闭症。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知，作者认为自闭症患者应该得到真正的关心和支持，而不只是在他们表现正常时才给予支持。
3.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，作者对于被说看起来不像自闭症患者感到生气，因为这是对他真实状态的否认。
4.B 写作意图题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了作者作为自闭症患者努力伪装自己，以及对于他人只在自闭症患者表现正常时才给予支持的不满，强调自闭症患者应该得到真正的接受和支持。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了运动鞋科学的研究及其在马拉松等运动中的应用和重要性。
5.A 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句以及第二段第二句可知，作者提到他的第二次马拉松是为了介绍由运动鞋引起的问题。
6.B 推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句可知，金利可能会同意“合适的鞋子对保护跑步者至关重要”这一观点。
7.C 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，比弗顿实验室主要通过探索身体运动来工作。
8.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，运动鞋科学现在正被广泛追求。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。最近的一项研究表明，饮食中的某些omega－6脂肪酸可能过多，这可能影响身体对抗结肠癌细胞的能力，并解释了omega－6和omega－3脂肪酸在体内的平衡对于免疫系统功能的重要性。
9.C 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句、第二段最后一句以及第三段第一句可知，西方饮食常富含ω－6脂肪酸，导致ω－6和ω－3脂肪酸失衡，这种失衡可能会影响身体对抗结肠癌细胞的能力，使身体更难对抗突变，增加患癌风险。因此，如果美国人保持目前的饮食习惯，患结肠癌的风险可能会持续上升。
10.D 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，籽油被广泛用于油炸快餐食品和制作超加工食品。快餐食品属于垃圾食品的范畴。由此可以推断出，籽油被广泛用于制作超加工食品和垃圾食品。
11.A 词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句可推知，许多美国人不喜欢吃富含ω－3脂肪酸的鱼，所以ω－3脂肪酸在他们的饮食中是缺乏的。因此画线单词意为“缺乏，不足”。
12.C 观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，Bill Harris博士认为问题不在于超加工食品中的ω－6脂肪酸，而在于美国饮食中ω－3脂肪酸的缺乏。他强调不要责怪ω－6脂肪酸，这不是它们的错，问题在于ω－3脂肪酸的缺乏。因此，他对责怪ω－6脂肪酸持反对态度。
5 / 5(共27张PPT)
推理判断题（一）
（建议用时25分钟）
A
（2025·郑州质量预测）I am someone who is outgoing， chatty
and friendly.I can appreciate that at first glance I do not appear to be any
different from anyone else.I may seem ordinary on the surface.This is
entirely because I’m hiding my true self.The only reason I don’t “look like” the features associated with autism （自闭症） is that I am often making every effort to force myself to appear “normal”.Not all autistic people do this， but I do.
I smile whenever I want to hit my head against the wall and scream.I
say， “Oh， that’s fine！” when a restaurant doesn’t have what I
want， and the loss makes me feel like my skin is on fire.I force myself to
make eye contact and focus on conversations.
But sometimes I can’t maintain it.Sometimes， overcome by
uncontrolled feelings， my mask （伪装） slips.How somebody
responds to me in those moments tells me everything I need to know about
their view of autistic people.
I assume that there is a lack of understanding.When people become
annoyed that I cancel plans， or when I feel extremely upset I experience
new or strange sounds and tastes， they undoubtedly lack empathy （同
情）.In these moments， I can see any acceptance of autistic people from these kinds of people is for show.It is easy to say that you support autistic people， but if you are only supportive when that person presents as normal， then that isn’t real support.
So， telling me that I “don’t look autistic” is more denial than
praise.Someone shouldn’t have to “look autistic” for you to believe
they are autistic， nor should anyone receive more support just because
they pass as neurotypical.We are all cupcakes， whether we look like it
or not， and are all equally deserving of empathy and support.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者作为自闭症患者常伪装正
常，批评虚假支持，呼吁人们真正理解和接纳自闭症群体。
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者作为自闭症患者常伪装正
常，批评虚假支持，呼吁人们真正理解和接纳自闭症群体。
1. Why doesn’t the author appear autistic？（ ）
A. He naturally adapts to social situations.
B. He feels relaxed during daily interactions.
C. He received professional treatment as a child.
D. He hides his true feelings through constant effort.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句可知，作者通过不断
努力隐藏自己的真实感受，所以看起来不像患有自闭症。
√
2. How does the author think autistic people should be treated？（ ）
A. They should get real care and concern.
B. They should be supported like normal people.
C. They should be trained to be what they really are.
D. They should receive support only if they act normally.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知，作者认为自闭症
患者应该得到真正的关心和支持，而不只是在他们表现正常时才给予
支持。
√
3. How does the author feel when told he doesn’t look autistic？
（ ）
A. Delighted. B. Confused.
C. Annoyed. D. Surprised.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，作者对于被说看
起来不像自闭症患者感到生气，因为这是对他真实状态的否认。
√
4. What is the author’s main purpose in writing this text？（ ）
A. To express sympathy for people with autism.
B. To call for true acceptance of autistic people.
C. To describe his daily life as an autistic person.
D. To ask readers to make friends with autistic people.
解析： 写作意图题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了作者作为自闭症
患者努力伪装自己，以及对于他人只在自闭症患者表现正常时才给予
支持的不满，强调自闭症患者应该得到真正的接受和支持。
√
B
（2025·皖江名校联考）At mile 12， my feet were already starting
to hurt.By mile 17 of this year’s Boston marathon， I was overcome by
an urge to stop.The muscles in my legs and the soles of my feet were
aching.There were still 9 hilly miles to go.The intense highs and lows of
long-distance running consumed me.While I finally completed my second
marathon， I couldn’t walk properly for days.
How did it happen？ “The sneakers you wear are responsible for
your aching feet，” says Seth Kinley， an athletic trainer at
Pennsylvania State University.Running a marathon means the foot strikes
the ground thousands of times.Each step can cause stress and strain on the
feet and legs.The repeated impact can lead to injuries， especially if the
shoes don’t provide enough support or cushioning （缓冲）.This is why
many runners experience pain or even develop long-term issues like stress
fractures （骨折）.
In labs across the country， researchers are using high-tech
equipment to design new kinds of gear and improve training routines.To
prevent the stresses caused by running and other sports， scientists study
how the body moves.The process begins when an athlete or employee
points out a specific need.Experiments come next.At a Beaverton-based
lab， basketball courts， treadmills， and padded running platforms have
sensors that measure the forces of impact.Wind tunnels and temperature-
controlled rooms simulate （模拟） real-world conditions.High-speed
cameras take a thousand or more pictures per puters perform
analyses.Athletes come in to run and jump.A team of more than 25
experts watches their every move.
Meanwhile， companies also conduct their own research， all with
the same goal — to make better， faster， cooler-looking shoes.Of
course， profits are important too.Sneakers， as you may know， can
cost a lot of money， and the market is extremely competitive.Research is
also going on at universities， sometimes for commercial reasons， other
times to help coaches and athletes train better， or simply for the scientific
interest of the work.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了运动鞋科学的研究
及其在马拉松等运动中的应用和重要性。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了运动鞋科学的研究
及其在马拉松等运动中的应用和重要性。
5. Why does the author mention his second marathon？（ ）
A. To introduce a sneaker-caused problem.
B. To show the author’s passion for marathon.
C. To display the inspiration of sports science.
D. To illustrate what is needed for a long race.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句以及第二段第二句可知，作者提到他的第二次马拉松是为了介绍由运动鞋引起的问题。
√
6. Which of the following might Kinley agree with？（ ）
A. Runners should buy the well-known shoes.
B. Right footwear is vital to protect runners.
C. A marathon runner need to study athletics.
D. Sport-caused injuries take place too often.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句可知，金利可能会同
意“合适的鞋子对保护跑步者至关重要”这一观点。
√
7. How does the Beaverton lab mainly work？（ ）
A. By comparing collected data.
B. By calling on volunteer subjects.
C. By exploring body movements.
D. By creating artificial situations.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，比弗顿实验室主要通过探索身体运动来工作。
√
8. What can we conclude from the text？（ ）
A. Shoe companies help each other to grow.
B. Sneaker science is now widely pursued.
C. Shoes are made for athletic performance.
D. Scientific research is always profit-driven.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，运动鞋科学现在正被广泛追求。
√
C
（2025·东北三省三校联考）The food you eat might be affecting
your body’s ability to fight cancer cells in the colon， according to a
recent study.The likely offender is an overabundance of certain omega-6
fatty acids， perhaps from ultra-processed foods in your diets， which
may prevent another essential fatty acid， omega-3， from having anti-
inflammatory （炎症） effects and fighting tumors.
Dr.Timothy Yeatman， a senior coauthor of the study published in
Gut， the journal of the British Society of Gastroenterology， explained，
“Mutations （突变） happen every day in the digestive
system.Usually， with the help of molecules or mediators from omega-
3s， the immune system quickly stops these mutations.” However， he
believes that if the body is subjected to a chronic inflammatory
environment due to an imbalance of omega-6s， common in ultra-
processed and junk foods， it becomes easier for a mutation to take hold
and harder for the body to fight it.
A Western diet is often rich in omega-6 fatty acids， largely due to
widely available seed oils often used to fry fast foods and manufacture
ultra-processed foods that now make up approximately 70% of the US food
supply.Linoleic acid， an omega-6 fatty acid found in corn， peanut，
soybean， safflower， and sunflower oils， is the most common omega-6
in the US food supply.
Many individuals have a significant imbalance of omega-6 to omega-
3 in their bodies.A study from November 2015 revealed that levels of
linoleic acid have increased by 136% in the fat tissue of Americans over
the past fifty years.
Dr.Bill Harris， a professor of internal medicine not involved in the
study， suggests that it is not the omega-6s from ultra-processed foods that
are the issue， but rather the scarcity of omega-3s in the American diet，
as many dislike fatty fish such as mackerel， herring， and sardines，
which are excellent sources of omega-3.He emphasizes， “Don’t
blame the omega-6s.It’s not their fault — it’s the lack of omega-3 fatty
acids that’s the problem.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。最近的一项研究表明，饮食中的某
些omega-6脂肪酸可能过多，这可能影响身体对抗结肠癌细胞的能
力，并解释了omega-6和omega-3脂肪酸在体内的平衡对于免疫系统
功能的重要性。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。最近的一项研究表明，饮食中的某
些omega-6脂肪酸可能过多，这可能影响身体对抗结肠癌细胞的能
力，并解释了omega-6和omega-3脂肪酸在体内的平衡对于免疫系统
功能的重要性。
9. What might happen if Americans maintain their current diet？（ ）
A. Omega-3 level in their bodies will increase rapidly.
B. Mutation rate in the digestive system will decrease significantly.
C. Colon cancer risk may keep rising due to omega-6/3 imbalance.
D. Ultra-processed foods will be replaced soon by healthier ones.
√
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句、第二段最后一句以及第
三段第一句可知，西方饮食常富含ω-6脂肪酸，导致ω-6和ω-3脂肪酸
失衡，这种失衡可能会影响身体对抗结肠癌细胞的能力，使身体更难
对抗突变，增加患癌风险。因此，如果美国人保持目前的饮食习惯，
患结肠癌的风险可能会持续上升。
10. What can we learn from the text？（ ）
A. Western diet is rich in omega-3 fatty acids.
B. Linoleic acid is the only omega-6 fatty acid in US food supply.
C. Linoleic acid level in the fat tissue of Americans has decreased.
D. Seed oils are widely used in making ultra-processed and junk foods.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，籽油被广泛用于油炸
快餐食品和制作超加工食品。快餐食品属于垃圾食品的范畴。由此可
以推断出，籽油被广泛用于制作超加工食品和垃圾食品。
√
11. What does the underlined word “scarcity” in the last paragraph
mean？（ ）
A. Shortage. B. Abundance.
C. Resistance. D. Fright.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句可推知，许多美国人不
喜欢吃富含ω-3脂肪酸的鱼，所以ω-3脂肪酸在他们的饮食中是缺乏
的。因此画线单词意为“缺乏，不足”。
√
12. What’s Dr.Bill Harris’s attitude towards blaming omega-6 fatty
acids？（ ）
A. Supportive. B. Indifferent.
C. Opposed. D. Uncertain.
解析： 观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，Bill Harris博士认为
问题不在于超加工食品中的ω-6脂肪酸，而在于美国饮食中ω-3脂肪酸
的缺乏。他强调不要责怪ω-6脂肪酸，这不是它们的错，问题在于ω-3
脂肪酸的缺乏。因此，他对责怪ω-6脂肪酸持反对态度。
√
THANKS
演示完毕 感谢观看
